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762 CHAPTER 56 1959 Guide Hie coil should be of the return-bend type (square or slightly rectangular in form), and should have the pipes run ning east and west, with the coil on the south side of the building where it can receive the full sun effect all day long without shadows from the building .itself, or from the ad jacent obstructions such as trees or other structures. The coil should be placed as low as possible in relation to the storage tank level, such as on a porch roof, the roof of a one-story extension or, if necessary, even on the ground. Both the coil and the circulation lines should be designed to facilitate the circulation flow as much as possible, using long-radius copper fittings or recessed galvanized-iron fittings to match the materials of the coil, circulation lines, and tank The coil should be inclined, as shown in Fig. 14, so that the north end is raised above the south end to secure an angle with the horizontal of about 53 deg. This will result in the inlet end of the coil being on the south side (or bottom), and the outlet end being on the north side (or top). This will satisfy condi tions along the 30-deg N latitude, which includes the por tions of Florida and Southern California where these heaters are most frequently used. The hot box is usually constructed of wood on the four sides and bottom, and is insulated. Glass mh are placed over the top of the box which should be airtight. The interior sur faces should be painted white to reflect the heat, while the coil should be painted black to absorb the heat. The box need not be deeper than necessary to house the coil and to protect it from the weather. Hie addition, on the bottom of the box, of a light gage copper plate to which the pipe of the coil is soldered for good metallic contact, will add to the amount of heat received by the coil, due to the fact that this plate will receive all of the sun's rays which fail to directly strike the coil. The heat from this source is transmitted to the coil through the plate rather than from the heated air surrounding the coil. Other wise, only part of the heat enters the coil, the balance being transmitted through, the glass. Design data given in Table 13 may be used with judgment in selecting the size of solar heater coil and box for a partial- . lar application. These data are based on consumptions of 30 and 40 gal of hot water per (day) (person). fig. 15.... Heat Pump Arrangement for Hot Water Supply DOMESTIC HOT WATER BY HEAT PUMP Hot water may suitably be obtained by using a heat-pump installation. The hot water heater may be either a heat ex changer installed just ahead of the compressor of a heatpump installation, or may be a self-contained domestic-water heat pump. Various designs of self-contained domestic water heat pumps are available, and one particular arrangement is shown in Fig. 15. Hot water heating by means of a heat pump is not yet ad visable where high water temperatures are desired. This isdue to the fact that higher water outlet temperatures result in lower coefficients of performance. For coefficients of performance of 4 or higher, the heatpump water heater may be more economical to operate than a conventional water heater. Although the first cost of domestic hot water heat pumps is somewhat high, they have the advantages of operating with out products of combustion, odors, soot, or chimney. A further advantage is that they may be used for cooling pur poses. With a coefficient of performance of 2V6 to 3, water temperatures of 140 to ISOF may be obtained* REFERENCES 1 R. B. Hunter: Water Distributing Systems for Buildings (National Bureau of Standards Report BMS79, p. 6). (Charts extended to flow of 030 gpm.) * Private communication from H. E. Degler. *J. S. Setchell: Enough Hot Water--Hot Enough (Ameri can Gas Association, 1950). `Svend Plum: Plumbing Practice and Design (John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1943). ' P. Sporn and E. R. Ambrose: Progress report on a heat* pump water heater (Heating and Ventilating, Vol. 46, February 1949, p. 78). BIBLIOGRAPHY H. C. Russell: Laundry, kitchen and hospital equipment (ASHVE Transactions, Vol. 35, 1929, p. 45). G. C. St. Laurent: Water consumption, cost and savings (Hotel Engineering, Vol. 1, American Hotel Association, 1940). F. M. Dawson and A. A. Kalinske: Water-Supply Piping for the Plumbing System (National Association of Master Plumbers Technical Bulletin No. 3). F. A. Brooks: Use of Solar Energy for Heating Water (Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.). R. B. Hunter: Methods of Estimating Loads m Plumbing Systems (National Bureau of Standards Report BMS65, 1940). Plumbing Maraud, Report of the Subcommittee on Plumbing, Central Housing Committee on Research, Design arid Con struction (National Bureau of Standards Report BMS66, 1940). R. B. Hunter: Water-Distributing Systems for Buildings (National Bureau of Standards Report BMS79, 1941). M. B. Mackay: Hot water requirements (Modem Sanitation, Vol. 1, August 1949, p. 30). M. A. Pond: Urban domestic water consumption (Journal of the American Water Works Association, VoL 31, No. 12, 1939, p. 2003). R. Murray: How to size and install gas water heaters cor rectly (Air Conditioning, Heating and Ventilatmo. February 1955, p. 86). J. C. Church: Water supply for tall buildings (Air Condition ing, Heating and Ventilating, February 1955, p. 99). F. M. Reiter: Service hot water design for multi-story build ings (Air Conditioning, Heating and Ventilating, December 1955, p. 79). F. M. Reiter: Service hot water for commercial and industrial use (Air Conditioning, Heating and Ventilating, February 1956 p. 89). F. M. Reiter: Design data for service hot water (Air Condi tioning, Heating and Ventilating, April 1956, p. 81). G. R. Jerus: Design of swimming pools (Air Conditioning, Hearing and Ventilating, February 1957, p. 113). J. Nachbar: Water supply for industrial plants (Air Conditioning, Heating and Ventilating, December 1957, p. 53). CHAPTER 57 CODES AND STANDARDS THE Codes and Standards listed in Table 1 represent accepted practice, methods, or standards prepared and accepted by the organizations indicated. They are valuable guides for the practicing engineer in determining test methods, ratings, perform ance requirements, and limits applying to equipment used in heating, ventilating, and air conditioning. Copies can usually he obtained from the organization listed in the reference column. Table 1 .... Codes and Standards Prepared and Accepted by Various Societies and Associations SubjMt n Spotoor Acoustics (Terminology) American Standard Acoustical Terminology (1951). AS of A ASA Air Conditioners Air Conditioners (Room) ASRE Standard Methods of Rating and Testing Air Condi tioners (1956). Standards for Room Air-Conditioners. Air Conditioning Air Conditioning (120,000 Btu/hr or less) Code of Minimum Requirements for Comfort Air Condition ing (1938). Code and Manual for the Design and Installation of Warm Air Winter Air Conditioning Systems (1953). ASRE ARI ASHVE ASRE NWAH 6 ACA ASRE Standard 16-56 ARI Standard 110-58 ASHAE NWAH A ACA Manual No. 7 Air Conditioning (Above Code and Manual for the Design and Installation of Mechani NWAH & ACA 120,000 Btu/hr) cal Warm Air Heating Systems (1950). Air Conditioning Air Conditioning Air Conditioning (Residen tial) Air Conditioning (Unitary Equipment) Air Conditioning (YearRound Residential) Airplane Airplane Airplane Attic Ventilation Boilers Boilers Boilers Boilers Boilers Boilers (Gas) Boilers (Miniature) Boilers (Power) Boilers (Power) - Boilers (Steel) Standards for the Installation of Air Conditioning and Ven tilating Systems of Other Than Residence Type (1955). Standards for the Installation of Residence Type Warm Air Heating and Air Conditioning Systems (1956). Design and Installation of Summer Air Conditioning for New and Existing Residences, Tentative (1955). Standard for Unitary Air Conditioning Equipment. Standard for Year-Round Residential Air-Conditioning. Air Conditioning Equipment, Airplane--General Require ments for (1948). Heaters, Airplane, Internal Combustion Heat Exchanger Type (1949). Heaters, Airplane, Steam Type. Residence Ventilation Guide (1950). T*=B--R Testing and Rating Code for Low Pressure Cast Iron Heating Boilers, 6th Edition, 1958. Net Load Recommendations for Heating Boilers. Publ. semi annually. Net Square Feet Radiation Loads in 70 Deg Fahr, Recom mended for Low Pressure Heating Boilers (1948). ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (1956, 8 Sections). ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IV, Low Pressure Heating Boilers (1956 with 1957 and 1958 addenda). American Standard Approval Requirements for Central Heating Gas Appliances Vol. 1, Steam and Hot Water Boilers (1956). ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section V, Miniature Boilers (1952). ASME Boiler aud Pressure Vessel Code, Section I, Power Boilers (1956). ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VII, Sug gested Rules for Care of Power Boilers (1954). Steel Boiler Institute Rating Code for Steel Boilers (1958). NFPA NFPA NWAH A ACA ARI ARI SAE SAE SAE PFMA IBR HP A ACCNA HP AACCNA ASME ASME A.GA. ASME ASME ASME SBI Boilers (Steel) Simplified Practice Recommendation for Steel Firebox Boil ers and Steel Heating Boilers (Commercial and Residential Types) (1950). BS SBI NWAH A ACA Manual No. 9 5th Edition NBFU or NFPA No. 90A NBFU or NFPA No. 90B NWAH A ACA Manual No. 11 ARI Standard 210-57 ARI Standard 230-57 SAE ARP 85B SAE ARP 143B SAE ARP 87 PFMA IBR MCAA MCAA ASME ASME ASA Z21.13.1-1956 ASME ASME ASME SBI 7th Edition CSD R157-50 763