Document ev49j23QgqoqB7DqpE3abjLKp

RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE DEVICES MANUAL PUBLISHED BY AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS 1963 WV-004106 Copyright, 1963 American l"*c-striai Hygiene Association Ar-er'.ci.i Coherence cJ Ind^s:.nsd Hygienists Cc<ic*s Avnflibic BHA'JXAXK Sox :svj A, , Mic ors: ID, Inc, st:c; 53/50  .w-- Ml sus;5:ra:o. `vtoc::vc deices are perhaps *-e oldest method of controlling occupational diseases; built: i--o:y personnel ire ger.erill less informed about the aoplicattons and limitations of c. 5<3 devices ever. mooci av.y other particular ccnro'. device. Mar.y books and technical repons have been T tten on engir.iicrirg control measures, *c it should he acted that ao test exists teverttg compre- he; ,s:vely the field of respiratory protective devices. Becaasa of i* limited published technical data is this field, the committee Jus draw heavily`upon the experience :* respirator raasuiaewrers, representatives frost the U,$. Bureau of Mines, and bibr* etittca made- 21* liable by be Americas Standards Association. Throcgsout the preparation of the mutual, close cooper-:!. ; of ail these agendas was achieved. The manual psistarUy Involves coaiaartlal fiovvaes*, hemet, there are specific leehatcai details that cannot be ductssec- Obviously, the respirator manufacturers are reluctant to jeopardize their develop ment investment add possible patent rights by disclosing information until such rights are protected. Seaeareh and davelopatent laboratories are reluctant to jive interim progress reports, preferring to make the completed research available in the forts of s technical report or oi a product. Government classification racy also stake it necessity to withhold seme of the developments. This hock h-s peer, prepared primarily to provide the industrial hygienist and other health and safety sp&tial'.s-.s wfcfc technical infortnatica pertaining to the principles ol operation of the various types of respiratory protective devices and their selection, use, cad maintenance. Safety and supervisory per sonnel trt-l fund many of the chapters especially useful. This committee will gratefully receive comaones and suggestions for future consideration. The manual will be revised as needed to present now practices and developments. Ed*v-4v C. Hyatt, CtalTStaa Joint AlH^-ACGJK Respiratory Protective Devices Committee nv > AN 3 ST N S'" ,Vj:n:,\*-v.:ce : im./OrMr: plv.u c: naycon trol procunurc, .tad tla* is as true :zr respirators a.* it ;* tor ventilation c.-.utpmor.;, N: m.urur .tow Well a respirator {> Ov'signei or how good its per formance. It car-no; gave satisfactory protection pilesi ;t Is maintained ir. g-cd coneittcn. Tills, ex* of the nest important factor* :r. the us*.* of these devices, U ycr the most frequcr.t.v neglected, particularly wish .noxemergenev roipirators ir. which the results z: suer, neglect are n so reader evident. In addition so proviair.g adequate -reteetten, proper iuer.tior. to natntemmce of aspirators ir. we has a definite economic value. iVHl-.-.tair/.oir.ed equipment lasu longer and re tires less frequent replacement. The operations ei a maintenance program-- frequent and periodic inspections, cleaning, re placing or repairing worn or deteriorated pans, and storage--should be centralized w.-.erever pas sible. They should also be supervisee earefelly by a responsible and capable person, because proper care and maintenance require a thorough knowl edge cf the device. tog cases for emergency*-gc-vicof *to totfegtgngb'r3~*-"~ protect iscepleccs but the device atit be properly placed :o prevent crimping or pinching The stor..'<3 place should be- cool and try, because high temperatures shorter. the useful lice of rubber parts. Self-contained breathing apparatus, either de mand- or recirculating-type, must be ir.opected monthly. The air or osygea cylinder must be fully charged to 1,080 pounds per square inch (1,800 ps; plus L0 per emt a: 70F, as allowed by the Inter state Commerce Commission), and the regulator must functionproperly. ?Coattempt should be made to repair or adjust either the reducing or admis sion valve neebanism or the safety valve of she regulator. It theregulator U not operaruigproper ly, it should be returned to the manufacturer for adjustment or repair. It Is extremely dangerous for anyone other than a highly trained mechanic, wlio thoroughly understands the construction, op eration, and adjustment of a regulator to attempt to repair or adjust the regulator. H CLSASTsG I ^cs?ec?:on* All routinely used respirators sxould be in- Zmarpc-ncv respirators s.-.ooldbe inspected at leas; every 50 days because, though they may stand unused tor a considerable time, they must be available ir. first-class cenoitioa a: a moment's tics. The tightness of connections should bo -icsod. as well as the condition of the facepiece. her.cba.nds. exhalation and inhalation valves, con necting tube, and canister. The rubber parts of rgcncy equipment should receive particular -tter.ttcr. to assure that they show r.c signs of de tertorattex. b'nusoc rubber pans shield be ke?: pliable and flexible, and prevented from taking a sc*, daring periods c; disuse by worsir.g, sirewh ina manipulating with a massaging action cur ing tr.e inspection. - the sices of me exhalation valve pap even slightly, a new valve should re place tne c.i. Emergency devices should be :leaned after a;auiC. After the device is dry, ;n ar.iPegging e.iagcanc nau.a at v.accc an me .r. too ci aie leas. Zr.m.iucd ie.i#cs m some ;ua.<s can be :vlilcced by mairnenuacc- personnel, v,'.iereas ethers a.ii v'.'rep.accC ay i.ii zt.2nuiaciurer. <<ie carry- Routinely used resplaters also should be cleaned after each use, and they should becollected at a central point at the end of each shift for clean ingand bspectlor- Each person's respirator should bear some son of identification, such as his in itials or employment rsuTraber. When a worker recevies a respirator, he should be briefed os tho cleaning procedure and assured that he will always _gct the same device. If the respirators are serv iced between shifts, only one respirator per work man Is needed. If the cleaning is dose during a work shift, each worker requires two respirators. Vvhen no: in use (for example, during the lunch period), the respirators should be stored in clean cabinets at conrement locaticas in tr.e work area. \x is generally accepted that washing with a good detergent In warm water, by hand brushing or aglmiion In a washing machine. Is a sound basic cleaning procedure. According to Drinker and Hutch,1 "there is no reason to require special sterilising .... Scrubbing wit;, warm w'ater and so.tp, rinsing, and air drying i;. a clear, place is e.iitvoly adequate." There area number of procedures currently in 0*0 for cleaning respirators. When a respira tor is used by only one individual, a practical 127 .Ut :,,Cr \*r.. T. ..,.i Oti.vi :v :tew i-:.euv.. u< r.**'*'1 or C.trtr:*.--. a; ::*.<..c* sure t;:e sea. ;s .. R.r.cc :r. a p.js:;- bay :cr storage. . "cr.w.eio ce~:::a::::nr.::--:: a,.'.::*: p.:cs- pl-te pesticides cr. respirators. folio'*'r.g rv.th ^Ix.vllr.w soap. it should co rinsec with 5C\ \o:r.y. cr i*o pr--pyl). Several respirator manufacturer* currently sell a clearer sanitiiar.tna; v-eoi;\'cly clear. the Tastlrator and contains a bacterrid.il iy..::. Tris b.vctoroidal agene 5s generally s tjaaternary am.* r:o;r_\ compound. One manufacturer marketing a ccmbLnmton detergent and A'^rtcrr.arr ammonia salt recommends lac.ersingtr.e respirator ir. the solution, rmsir.g ir dear., warn; (120?, water, arc atr drying. When tr.fi same raspirators are vsc by dif ferent ladivticals. a goad p-alic health policy is to disinfect than: before they are r-issued. The iterator*2-5 j-st* a variety of cham.teaU and methods for disinfecting respirators, A member oi the pricewrea ar* unsatisfactory. For example, fcrntaliehyde nos only is a poor disinfectant, bus it is absorbed on therubber and may cause eerma- *.it;s. caking a respirator m. 3 TO per cent solu tion c: ethyl alcohol tor 1 hr r.ay be partially ef fective. Live steam or very hot water (iTO0?), organic solvents, and ultraviolet light should r.ot ha ssed because of their injurious exacts, par ticularly cr. the rubber parts. The compounds generally considered to he the most reliable for disinfecting respirators are: {:; a hypochlorite solution (50 parts r*` minion jppnti of chlorate; immersion time, 2 mini, cr .iX>-an.,::*y.>.aiic,sfiiasas of ted'a**5fl.ppm.iad.iae; 2 mi:: immersion). A concentration of 5CD ppm ; j-c-tarnary ammonia compounds in water widt less than SCO ppm total hardness is generally sr. effec tin'v disinfecting solution. The disadvantages o: the cuait-m^ry ammonia compounds are: ;1. different coneantratio.ns of salts aro required to achieve a thiinftctir.g aelution with water* f varying com matv.Or., ar.a .a. tr.t* ooss'.Ui.'.ty ct ccrntatitts u are a c.e-..:..g --r.o *rpaction reveal parts '..'.iica ii-'.v-.a uc rc cr -^pa.rcc( .t.a *::o_.a --one On.y uy tape* ten*ca pcr*o...tc*. apv'Cit:ca.^y designed tor a*.e tarttc Filters or cr.t.r.tcal eartrid.e* alc .c _s .XU. ..re v.*s., ta cr .t.tv.* M....nitv rt-- c: tt.t.. Us ic.'.c ut:or. t..r cc.:..ttiw.',s a::-* wr *. .t.c.i t,t^ 0-''.cv usee a.tu a.*,-.*. pat onpwr:- ^.r.Cv. l.t 9-.',u.\.l, ..' ...u ccc.o.ttv.t* arv no*, ro.u- trrrly ccr.*t.:.ti -;:i *..*clonvu, r*;xaco:non; after u.:c. use : rcroittn.oucco, particu.a7ty tor car- :r:c<jv'a one canisters using sorC\.*nt>. iTC.t + < A.ter clc.tnt.ip, tuspecr.cr., and necessary re pair, the equipment should be stored properly, in essentially dustprocf containers, away from sun light, haa; (no; near radiators or steam pipes;, extreme coid, and excessive moisture. Most de vices come in cartons or cases which are settable for storage; however, if devices are placed at sta tions and work areas for emergency use, special compartments may be necessary toprotect the de vices even in their original containers. Routinely used devices, such as dust respirators, may be placed in plastic bags. The devices should never be stored in such places as clothes lockers cr tool boxes unless they are la their carrying cases or cartons. Respirators should be packed or stored so that the rubber facepiece aad exhalation valve will res; In a normal position and function will r.ot be impaired by the rubber setting in a bent or tviswd position. Instructions for the proper storage of emer gency devices, such as universal gas masks and self-eomoir.ed breathingapparatus, are on the " in structions for use and care" bulletin mounted on the inside of their carrying case lid. ?3CC5 1. Drinker, P. ar.d Hatch, T.: Industrial Dust, 2nd Ed., McCr&vr-KiU Bock Company, Inc., Kew York,.!SK, &&1 pp. 2. Indestriai Safety Equipment Associsrior, Znc,; Care and Maintenance of Safety E^uipmant, Safety Maintenance, 115:14-16, 20, Apr. 155S. 3. National Safety Council: Respiravary Protective Equipment. Data Sheet D-444, National Safety Council, 425 X. Michigan Ave., Chicago l;, 111., 1257, American Standards Association: Amirican Standard Safety Coca for Head. Eye, ar.c ?.esjtli'aiory Protection, Z2.X-:$, Am.c.rican Standards Assoc,, 10 East 40 S:., Neu Yc.*-- --> N.Y. Michigan Department c: Healu'.: Resplra:.ors-- Selec'jor., Use and Care, Occu(>, He. on..., 4;i-S, Winter 1556. \ r:ox --< ester, nec-e***?--, ;),i'ai' V. . (.3 cm* areac.ton : .*ao**uo:e :r..m:n., : tnu-ic v.*v orb e.spectea to use seen protection:. It is - common misconception that trai.~ir.jT Is r.echod only fee the sol:-contained breathing appara:;.*. Trair.ir.; ; nivessr.rr for supervisor*. such a* wr.atcr, ~*co arc to supervise me use at ary type of rc*?*.;*5:cr" protective device, ; tnose v:.ta are to wear it, if a dcvic. to be used Gbrlcaslv, the more haaardtas :ha atmosphere in which V is :a be used. the more extensive and intensive t must tv. such tratr.tr.g snould be giver. 05- a crjali- iUsd parser.. s>. as tv. *- safety engineer, cr respirator r.--ar.cc;urer's resrasentatrv*. Training in the use of any respirator should cover the relieving: i. Slsccsitcr. of the airborne costs*!ta&s*.a against whir* the wearer is to bo protected, in cluding information on their physical properties, possible concentrations or changes thereof, mede cl physiclogtcsi action, toxicity, and means 0/ da>*.s-- 2. Sisccsslor. of the reasons for using the respirator. 3. Sescriptioa oi its construction, operating principles, and iimtutioas. 4. Instruction in procedures far assuring that * is ir, proper u-orxirg condition. a. Instruction in fitting the respirator prop- oiy.andxihccsingdorAhe.adequacy,of d`v 5. Lhstruttios is the proper use a*d mainte nance c: the respirator. 7. Ulstiisvc;. oi the importance of careta', readLag o; labels an the respirator and on its cod er nr.d 0*. v.a mair.; 's instructions tor its use Ar, duct of training is the icliv te trainee should devoid.: respirator properly, If cvlc nappes tc the r,s- c.-'.c ccnditicnp, lie would .an paste. e ir.d avoid repetition, only s c. t/.v tore*a' st tnat require at* v.;:: be :n ta the discussion 0: at* &us types o; rcj.pt:*-- tors. :;;vwor, ny of s*-items -iaeftldTtfcovTVa<T -i<t.-ately ;r. --.a tracing program. STZCIT.C T?.A'XIXG TOR VARIOUS TY^Za o? nis?L^7oas Sspom.'tso;-.* personnel shoe# be trained to select zhi proper typo cf respirator for u job. A choice front several stakes of the proper type and cesigr. & r are to w-sa: er. the vo: wearing i t esplrator. Str.cs ithe maintenance of respirators is dis cussed *r. Chapter 12, no specific instructions or. this scatter will be given cere. However, instruct tion in proper maintenance of respirators is a vary important part of any training program. A. Particulate-removing Respirators The panic-late-removing 6nechanical filter; respirator Is ?ta simplest type, yet there have baes raw Instances of disuse because oi inade quate training. These misuses have included such practices as wearing tha respirator upside down, wearing t: without filters or without exhalation valve, ard discarding the entire respirator be cause che fll^r 'plugged up.* Trained persons would no: have committed these blunders. Since the mair. Held of use of particolaterentcvfa; raspirators is lor respiratory protec tion against cor.taminaata that bare no Immediate unpleasant effects, the worker usually mas: be convinced that it is-xeegssary for tlm to wear e.s raspirator. This can be accomplished ia a factual manner without undue `scare* tactics. Iny.r-tt the trainee bow to check the respira tor eo b* sore that it is in good wearing conditio::. Then alitA'hlsi to actually check a respirator as follows: 1. Chick the exhalation and inhalation valves to sec- th-t they are in place and no; misshapen, and that r.a dim. or lint is on the valve or valve seating iurfaces. 2. Cr.ack the body of the facepiece to see that :.:t fneN,-ccntr.cperiphery u clean ar.a h.ts net bev.n und-.y softened by body oils, cistomec, or 3. Check icr the presence and condition of ^as-ic:s ana specul spacers, 1' any. ) ..:*'.rnr. to v.var ;,:c tor prc.trrlv. Str.eo tor.-roet tuv.jur:,:;:; p.;rt-e/ ih;s o; tr.*::;v.vg vs : to ,*.;< r, .:ow .vcv to tr^t tor :?:*< tor <r iii, -.** ~ remove t.;o respirator trcr.v uts iuco, ar.c r.r.ve hvm go through tic procedure several times Ivy hi::t.'h* until he f*con:tho:vt tivn; he can do it prop erly, aircsa the uv.port.vncocf maintaining a prop er tare A corvcnter.t moor* .'or tc;;ur the is ** ~c*lose othe exhalation calve re ex hale gently '-v.j the licensee. The :acc:2 Usatis- utetory if a slight positive pressure can be built up in the iaecpUee without any evidence ol out* ware leakage ci air a: tie periphery. Instruct in tha need to change the it;ter and t.vo procedure tor changing la Train in the proper maintenance ; the respirator, particularly if a centralized system tor respirator maintenance la not used. S. Gas- ana nnor-removlna Respirators 1. Chornleal Cartridge 3oaerator Discuss the following limitations o: the chem ical cartridge respirator: It is tor use only against the type of eontaravnar.: listen on the cartridge label, in concentrations net exceeding the mnxistum fiver, on the cartridge label. It will r.ot&ltcra respirator' protection against particulates a part'eulat#-removing filter is indicated ana present. Instruction and training in cheeking and fitting the respirator should be the same as described tor particulate respirators except that the trainee should chocU tht <grtrivgfc iar.d-psrKcultrteremcvir.g filter, if used; to see chat it is cl the proper type, is in -occ physical condition, and is seated securely againe ::s gasket. It is desirable that the trainee check the fit ci the facepiece by acm-lly wearing the resptrator, equipped with orfta.v.u vaocr cartridges, ;n an atmosphere contair.- utur.vv. aeeute vapor kaanar.a ciu. jo.'see tnts test is mace, an organic vapor cartridge should be aii'.xca tc tr,e respirator in lieu o. any otr.cr typo a,' car:r;a,:K. test c.v.rr.uer :* not raction tur :... truvn.r.,: si::. aue.v a c.vncor.tv: ::on c_:; ao V-iiv up without carnage to :ts contents, by ,v rr.i)i.:ct*s tn 1? ci isoanty: ncel,Cl3 cuuvc loot ur*; t,: room vol- cVTCcd M.tNllA -..*.>*. .'x....... v. no-..tit cr.u ;.. ..mu. c-cor ;r. * ,*y .ow v.tpor acnoc;;ti'at:c;!s, -- pti'aor. wear- ....... r-jcan r.::. .'v.::a:n ;n :i:e teat .".ntosy.'.arc far a niinuic ar owou.thaut detecting i..c Oder o: J*oa:r.y2 acetate, too respirator i properly tiuctl, M he detect* tec odor o: isoamyl acel..:e. he should rctree: to t'rusr. att, readju**. t:to.facepiece, r.ad titer, rope..: the ;esc> 5i leakage r.otvd, he sn&dic vcirdir ''Slrv'tiITd` rceStock a-.c respirator, a*p,,-cvtcu*iy. If ike res pirator ;* to ho worn m a:r conanir:mg content:* itaats other than organic vapors, replace live or ganic vapor cartridges with cartricges c: the ap propriate ti*pe, after a satisfactory face tit test. There are many occasions v?her i: isneces- *ary to conduct fitting us-^ b ir.c51ctd. A Held check is illustrated in r;g. 13,1. Tne gellability of tnc ;ace :U is checked by pouring a few' drops cl isoarayl acetate onto a piece of cotton and waving it gently near the periphery of the facepiece while ihe wearer breathes normally. The concentration is likely to be above ICO ppm, but it Goes serve to check the face (it and is commonly used in the field. Tig. IS.:. Field test oi (ace fit of respirators using isoamyl acetate.