Document ev3a7YB74N552nymVvZJeqjbq

** A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1399--Heat Flow Through Unshaded Glass: Design Data for irL't in Load Calculations, by G. V. Panneleeand W. W. Aubele (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions Vol. 56,1950,p. 37n^ n A.S.H.VE. Research Report--Solar Energy Transmittance of Figured Rolled Glass, by G. V Pik' melee and W. W. Aubele (A.S.H.V.E. Journal Section, Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning. VoL 23 Kn February 1951, p. 124). ' " A.S.H.VE. Research Report No. 975--Studies of Solhr RacHation Through Bare and Shaded dTO,)by F. C. Houghten, Carl Gutberlet and J. L. Blackshaw (A.S.H.V.E.,Transactions, VqI; 40, Design Data for Slat Type Sunshades for Use in Load Estimating, by G. V. Parmelee and D, J ViM (A.S.H.V.E. Journal Section,. Heating, Piping dt Air Conditioning, Sept. 1953, p. 130). The Sbadinxtf Sunlit Glass: An Experimental Study of Slat Type Sun Shades, by G. V. Parmelee, W. W. Aubele and D j Vild (A.S.H.V.E. Journal Section, Heating, Piping <fe Air Conditioning, JAl 1953, p. 192). The BKdfa of Sunlit.Glass: An Analysis of the Effect of Uniformly S|)aced Flat Opaque Slats, by G. V. Parcnelee'iad W. W. Aubele (A.S.H.V.E. Journal' Section, Heating, Piping dt Air Conditioning, June 1952, p. 125)?"* "A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1180--Heat Gain Through Western Windows With and WHhoct Shading, by F. C. Houghten and David Shore (A.S.H.VE. Transactions, Vol. 47, 1941, p. 251). n The Mechanism of Heat Transfer, Panel Cooling and Heat Storage, Part 11: Solar Radiation, by C.8. Leopold {Refrigerating Engineering, June 1948, p. 571). .A * The Mechanism of Heat Transfer, Panel Cooling, Heat Storage, by C. S. Leopold {Refrigerating Engi neering, July 1947, p. 33). Hydraulic Analogue for the Solution of Problems of Thermal Storage, Raai&ika,' Convection and Conduction, by :C; S. Leopold (AJ3.H.V.E. Journal Section, Heating, Piping and Ait Conditioning, Julyt 1948,.p. 105).. ** Heat Gains Are Not Cooling Loads, by C. 6.' Mackey and N. R. Gay (AB.H.VE. Transactions. Vol. 65. 1949, p. 413). * Cooling Load From Sunlit Glass, by C. O. Mackey and N. R. Gay (A.8.H.VJ3. Journal Samos, Heating, Piping & Air Conditioning, Aug. 1952, p. 117). ai Psychrometric Factors in the Air Conditioning Estimate, by C. M. Ashley (A.S.H.V.E. Transaction, Vol. 55, 1949, p. 91). . ,, ** See Reference 1, p. 8. or ** Cooler Footcandlea for Air Conditioning, byW. G. Darley (A.8.H.VJ5. Transaction, Vol. 46,1940, p 367). Lighting and Air Conditioning Design Factors, Report of IJSlS.-^A.S.H.VJ3. Joint Committee ^ Lighting and Air Conditioning (A.8.H.VJB. Journal Section,-J/eatfnj;, Piping and Air Conditioning,-Sep tember 1941, p. 605). Lighting and Air Conditioning, by Howard M. Sharp {Heating and Ventilating, No vember 1942, p. 35). u Compiled by J. P. Stewart from various sources. . CHAPTER 14 FUELS AND COMBUSTION Solid Fuels: Analysis, Classification of Coals, Dustless Treatment, Classification of Cokes, Combustion of Solid Fuels, Firing Methods for Solid Fuels- Secondary Air, Draft Requirements and Regulation, Furnace Volume; Fuel Oils: Classification, Analysis, Combustion, Air Required; Fuel Gases: Classification, Heat Value, Combustion; General Combustion Principles; Air Required; Efficiency from Flue Gas Analysis; , Heat Balance; Condensation and Corrosion; Soot FUELS may be classified according to their physical state as solid, liquid, or gaseous. The principal fuels used for domestic heating are coal, oil, and gas. However, coke, wood, kerosene, sawdust, briquettes, and other substances are used for heating in special applications or in localities where an adequate supply is available. Experiments are in progress in the use of a colloidal suspension of coal particles in fuel oil, but this fuel has not attained wide-spread usage as yet. The choice of fuel is usually based on dependability, cleanliness, availability, economy, operating requirements, and control. SOLID FUELS Analysis of Fuels Coal has a complex composition that makes classification into clear-cut types difficult. Chemically it consists of carbon, hydrogen,- oxygen, nitro gen, sulfur, and a mineral residue called ash. A chemical analysis provides some indication of the quality of a coal, but does not define its burning characteristics sufficiently. The coal user is interested principally in the available heat per pound of coal, the handling and storing properties, the amount of ash and dust produced, and the burning characteristics. A description of the relationship between the qualities of coals and these characteristics requires considerable space; a treatment applicable to heating boilers is given in a Bureau of Mines Bulletin.1 There are two forms of coal analyses, namely, the proximate analysis and the ultimate analysis. In the proximate analysis the proportions of jnoisture, volatile matter, fixed carbon, sulfur, and ash are determined, ft analysis is more easily made and is satisfactory for indicating most 0 i characteristics which are of interest to the user.- For the proximate analysis the moisture is determined by observing the loss of weight of a sample of coal when dried at about 220 F. To determine the volatile a ) tn' ^r'c<^ saillple is heated to about 1750 F.in a closed crucible, na the loss of weight is noted. The remaining sample is then burned in n open crucible, and the accompanying loss of weight represents the fixed tlT i unburned residue is ash. Although determined separately, e sunur content is frequently reported with the proximate analysis be- coote t*6 use^ness a coal fr certain purposes depends on its sulfur ca^h u^mate analysis, which is difficult to make, the percentages of are H ' hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and' ash in the' coal sample determined. It is used for detailed studies of fuels, and.in computing 325