Document emk4Or2gQQvwdNqxNE8V2VrYy
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PERFLUOROOCTANESULFONATE AND RELATED FLUOROCHEMICALS IN OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA
VIRGINICA, FROM THE GULF OF MEXICO AND CHESAPEAKE BAY
John P. Giesy* Kurunthachalam Kannan
Department o f Zoology, National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, Institute for Environmental Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, M I 48824, USA
*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Prof. J.P. Giesy
218C National Food Safety and Toxicology Ctr Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
Tel: (517)-353-2000; Fax: 517-432-2310; E-mail: igiesv@aol.com
Prepared for: 3M St. Paul, MN June 20, 2001
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SUMMARY
Concentrations of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), a metabolite of several sulfonated perfluoroorganic compounds, were measured in oysters collected from 77 locations in the Gulf of Mexico and Chesapeake Bay of the US coast. Similarly, perfluorooctanesulfonamide (FOSA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHS) were also measured in oysters. PFOS was detected in oysters collected from 51 of the 77 locations at concentrations ranging from <42 to 1225 ng/g, on a dry weight basis. FOSA was detected in three of the 77 samples. PFOA and PFHS were not found in oysters at quantifiable concentrations. This study provides baseline data for future monitoring programs to examine long-term trends in concentrations of PFOS.
INTRODUCTION
Bivalves (oysters and mussels) have been widely used as sentinel organisms for monitoring spatial and temporal distribution of trace metals and organic residues in marine coastal and estuarine ecosystems. In this study, American oysters Crassostrea virginica collected in the Gulf of Mexico and the Chesapeake Bay during December 1996 - February 1998 were analyzed for the presence of PFOS, FOSA, PFOA and PFHS in order to establish baseline concentrations of this organic fluorochemical. C. virginica was chosen because this species is used as one of the sentinels in mussel watch program.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Samples. Sampling of oysters and mussels have been described elsewhere (1,2). Briefly, sampling locations have been selected with the intention of collecting samples that are `representative' of the surroundings. Areas of point source inputs (e.g., waste discharge) have been avoided. Sampling locations for oysters are shown (Figs. 1 and 2; Table 1). Samples were collected from December to February of 1996-1998. Depending upon the depth of the water column, which ranged from 0.5 to 3.5 m, oysters were collected by hand, tongs or dredge. Composite samples of 20 oysters from each location were prepared by homogenizing the soft parts. For each composite sample, an aliquot of oyster tissue was dried in an oven at 60 C for determination ofdry weight.
Analysis. Details of the analytical procedure have been outlined in 3M Environmental Laboratory, St. Paul, MN standard operating procedures for the analysis of fluorochemicals in tissues. The analytical work was generated by the 3M Environmental Laboratory. (Refer to Reference (3) for the specific reports.) Concentrations of PFOS in oyster tissues were determined by use of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (4). Briefly, 1 g of oyster tissues was homogenized with
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MilliporeTM water and combined with an ion-pairing reagent. After thorough mixing, the fluorochemical ion pair was partitioned into organic solvent and concentrated prior to analysis.
Analyte separation and detection was performed as described earlier (5) with the following exceptions. Ten pL of extract was injected onto the column with a 2 mM ammonium acetate/methanol mobile phase starting at 10% methanol. At a flow rate of 300 pL/minute, the gradient increased to 100% methanol at 11.5 minutes before reverting to original conditions at 13 min. For quantitative determination, the HPLC system was interfaced to a Micromass (Beverly, MA) Quattro II atmospheric pressure ionization tandem mass spectrometer operated in the electrospray negative mode. Instrumental parameters were optimized to transmit the [M-K]ion. When possible, multiple daughter ions were monitored, but quantitation was based on a single product ion, evaluated versus an unextracted standard curve. The presence of PFOS was verified by quantitative agreement (+/-30%) between 2 or more product ions. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) for PFOS was 10 ng/g, wet wt.
Data quality assurance and quality control protocols included surrogate matrix blanks, matrix spikes, surrogate spikes, laboratory blanks and continuing calibration verification. Recoveries of PFOS spiked into oyster tissues and passed through the analytical procedure varied from 64 to 83% (n=6), with a mean recovery of 748%. Concentrations of PFOS were not corrected for the recoveries of the surrogate standard or matrix spike recoveries. The PFOS standard was 86.9% pure. Concentrations were not corrected for purity of the PFOS standard. Radiolabled material was not available to verify the accuracy of matrix spikes studies. However, assuming that matrix spike studies are a suitable indication of endogenous analyte levels, and taking into account the analytical quality control, this data is estimated to be accurate to +/-40%. Matrix spike recoveries are given in Appendix II.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Perfluorooctanesulfonate was found in 66% of the oyster samples analyzed. PFOA and PFHS were not found in oysters at quantifiable concentrations. FOSA was detected in three of the 77 samples and the maximum concentration observed was 2350 ng/g, dry wt, in Dog River, Mobile Bay, Alabama (Appendix I). Concentrations of PFOS in oysters ranged from <42 to 1225 ng/g on a dry weight (dw) basis (Table 1). The highest concentrations were found at Lavaca River Mouth in Matagorda Bay, Texas. Median concentration of PFOS in oysters from the Gulf of Mexico was 387 ng/g, dw. Except for oysters from Hog Point in Chesapeake Bay, none of the oysters collected from Chesapeake Bay contained quantifiable concentrations of PFOS.
Concentrations of PFOS varied widely within a given waterbody. For instance, oysters collected from Joe's Bayou in Choctawhatchee Bay, Florida, were determined to contain 608 ng PFOS/g, dw, whereas those collected at Santa Rosa in Choctawhatchee Bay did not contain quantifiable concentrations. Similarly, while oysters from Hanna Reef in Galveston Bay were determined to contain 74 ng PFOS/g, dw, samples from Confederate Reef, located within a distance of 50 km, contained 883 ng/g, dw.
The mean concentrations of PFOS in oysters from Texas, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida were similar (p>0.05; Student's t-test) and significantly greater than those found in Virginia (Fig. 3). In other words, within a 95% probability, concentrations of PFOS in oysters
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from TX, MS, AL and FL were similar with the exception of VA. In general, concentrations of PFOS in oysters from the Chesapeake Bay were low. A notable exception to this observation was Hog Point, MD, in the central part of Chesapeake Bay where one sample was determined to contain 1100 ng PFOS/g dw; this was the second highest level measured in this study.
This study provides baseline concentrations of PFOS in oysters collected from the Gulf of Mexico. These baseline measurements in oysters will be useful for evaluating the temporal trends in PFOS concentrations in the future.
REFERENCES
1. Lauenstein GG, Harmon MF, Gottholm BW. 1993. National status and trends program: Monitoring site description (1984-1990) for the national mussel watch and benthic surveillance projects. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS ORCA 70 Silver Spring, MD.
2. O'Connor TP, Beliaeff B. 1995. Recent Trends in Coastal Environmental Quality: Results from the Mussel Watch Project. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910-3281.
3. 3M Environmental Laboratory, St. Paul, MN LIMs Report number E00-2329, E00-2361. 4. Hansen, K.J.; Clemen, L.A.; Ellefson, M.E.; Johnson, H.O. Environ. Sci. Technol.2001, 35,
766-77.
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Table 1. Concentrations of PFOS in oyster, Crassostrea virginica, collected from the Gulf of Mexico and Chesapeake Bay during 1996-1998.
Location Number 1
40 41 42 43 44 45 46
47
48 49 50 51
52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61
Site name
Location State Latitude Longitude Collection
Date
Navarez Park
Tampa Bay FL 2747.32' 8245.26' 01/26/98
Faka Union Bay
Everglades FL 2554.13' 8130.85' 02/01/98
Sabine Point
Pensacola Bay FL 3020.98' 8709.29' 01/07/98
Henderson Creek Rookery Bay FL 2601.55' 8144.21' 01/27/98
Mullet Key
Tampa Bay FL 2737.28' 8243.60' 02/03/98
Old Tampa Bay
Tampa Bay FL 2801.42' 8238.00' 01/25/98
Postil Point
Choctawhatchee FL 3028.72' 8628.72' 01/22/98
Bay
Joe's Bayou Choctawhatchee FL 3024.63' 8629.45' 01/22/98
Bay
Hillsborough Bay Tampa Bay FL 2751.27' 8223.39' 02/02/98
Flamingo
Florida Bay FL 2508.45' 8055.41' 01/28/98
Joe Bay
Florida Bay FL 2512.91' 8032.04' 01/29/98
Off Santa Rosa Choctawhatchee FL 3024.70' 8612.27' 01/23/98
Bay
Apalachee Bay Spring Creek FL 303.8' 8419.32' 01/24/97
St. Andrew Bay Watson Bayou FL 308.55' 8537.93' 01/23/97
Panama City Municipal Pier FL 309.07' 8539.78' 01/23/97
Florida Bay
Flamingo
FL 258.47' 8055.42' 01/26/97
Choctawhatchee Bay Joe's Bayou FL 3024.65' 8629.45' 01/21/97
Apalachicola Bay
Dry Bar
FL 2940.35' 853.94' 01/30/97
Florida Bay
Joe Bay
FL 2512.73' 8032.04' 01/26/97
Charlotte Harbor
Fort Myers FL 2633.5' 8155.37' 01/27/97
Apalachicola Bay Cat Point Bar FL 2943.45' 8453.05' 01/24/97
Cedar Key
Black Point FL 2912.4' 834.17' 01/29/97
dry wt PFOS ng/g, mass % dry wt
21 339 9 733 11 564 11 630 15 387 14 429 18 494
13 608
12 131 15 100 15 98 8.7 153
14 639 20 330 20 330 18 513 19 494 17 544 15 636 21 391 20 82 18 76
5
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62 Choctawhatchee Bay Off Santa Rosa FL 63 Panama City Little Oyster Bar FL
37 Cedar Point Reef Mobile Bay AL
38
Dog River
Mobile Bay AL
39 Hollingers Island Mobile Bay AL
Channel
21 Terrebonne Bay Lake Felicity LA
22 Calcasieu Lake Lake Charles LA
23
Bay Gardene
Breton Sound LA
24
Terrebonne Bay
Lake Barre LA
25 Calcasieu Lake St. Johns Island LA
26 Malheureux Point Lake Borgne LA
27
Gulf Outlet
Lake Borgne LA
28 Joseph Harbor Joseph Harbor LA
Bayou
Bayou
29
Baratara Bay
Bayou Saint LA
Denis
30 Sabine Lake Blue Buck Point LA
31
Caillou Lake
Caillou Lake LA
32 Vermilion Bay Southwest Pass LA
33 Atchafalaya Bay Oyster Bayou LA
34
Biloxi Bay
Mississippi MS
Sound
35
Pass Christian
Mississippi MS
Sound
36
Pascagoula Bay
Mississippi MS
Sound
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3024.72' 8612.22' 01/22/97 3015.08' 8540.86' 01/22/97
MeanSD 3018.91' 8808.06' 01/08/98 3035.50' 8802.40' 01/09/98 3033.81' 8804.51' 01/09/98
MeanSD 2915.83' 9023.88' 01/05/98 3003.51' 9318.45' 12/04/97 2935.93' 8937.29' 01/21/98 2915.57' 9035.66' 01/05/98 2949.82' 9323.22' 12/03/97 2952.01' 8940.71' 01/14/98 2956.69' 8950.14' 01/21/98 2938.21' 9246.01' 01/12/97
2924.29' 8959.93' 01/08/97
2947.45' 9354.38' 01/13/97 2915.19' 9055.6' 01/09/97 2934.77' 923.06' 01/10/97 2915.33' 918.17' 01/11/97
MeanSD 3023.56' 8851.47' 01/13/98
3018.14' 8919.66' 01/13/98
3020.17' 8835.35' 01/05/98
20 20 16 14 11 20
15 20 12 8.3 12 15 13 9.4 18
22
16 15 20 20 15 13
17
19
<50 <50 367219 379 545 <50
325206 292 703 997 111 93 118 <106 485
<45
<63 <67 <50 <50 291312 661
538
<53
6
1
South Bay
Lower Madre TX 2602.49'
2
Port Isabel
Lower Laguna TX 2604.65'
Madre
2 Bill Days Reef Espiritu Santo TX 2824.22'
4
Corpus Christi
Boat Harbor TX 2750.17'
5 Matagorda Bay Lavaca River TX 2839.62'
Mouth
6
Aransas Bay
Long Reef TX 283.29'
7 Brazos River Freeport Surfside TX 2855.27'
8 Galveston Bay Confederate Reef TX 2915.8'
9
Mesquite Bay
Ayres Reef TX 2810.38'
10 Galveston Bay Offatts Bayou TX 29 17.04'
11
Galveston Bay
Yacht Club TX 2937.32'
12
Corpus Christi
Nueces Bay TX 2751.13'
13 Galveston Bay Todd's Dump TX 2930.18'
14
Brazos River
Cedar Lakes TX 2851.48'
15
Galveston Bay
Hanna Reef TX 2928.82'
16 Matagorda Bay Gallinipper Point TX 2834.73'
17
Copano Bay
Copano Reef TX 288.52'
18 Matagorda Bay Tres Palacios TX 2839.98'
Bay
19 Matagorda Bay Carancahua Bay TX 2839.9'
20 Matagorda Bay East Matagorda TX 2842.67'
Chesapeake Bay Chesapeake Bay Potomac River Potomac River
Dandy Point James River Mattox Creek Ragged Point
VA 375.9' VA 373.92' VA 3813.4' VA 389.3'
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MeanSD 9710.68' 12/08/97 9712.26' 12/08/97
9628.85' 12/10/97 9722.81' 12/16/96 9635.07' 12/18/96
9657.07' 9520.37' 9454.98' 9650.1' 9450.18' 9459.75' 9721.59' 9453.76' 9527.88' 9444.51' 9633.78' 977.68' 9614.01'
12/17/96 12/03/96 12/05/96 12/17/96 12/05/96 12/06/96 12/16/96 12/04/96 12/03/96 12/04/96 12/19/96 12/19/96 12/20/96
9622.98' 12/18/96 9553' 12/20/96
MeanSD 7617.69' 01/12/97 7637.93' 01/14/97 7657.69' 01/09/97 7635.05' 01/09/97
16 13 16
13 12 7.5
18 17 10 13 18 13 14 15 14 20 12 23 14
14 21 15 15 24 21 19
417263 674 540
101 685 1225
508 480 883 625 430 508 407 549 106 74 <83 <43 <71
<71 <48 406320 <67 <42 <48 <53
7
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Chesapeake Bay Cape Charles VA 3717.07' 760.92' 01/14/97 Rappahannock River Ross Rock VA 3754.12' 7647.27' 01/11/97
21 22
Chesapeake Bay
Hog Point
MeanSD MD 3818.74' 7623.87' 01/08/97
20 9
Potomac River
Swan Point MD 3816.9' 7656.02' 01/09/97
Chesapeake Bay Choptank River MD 3836.44' 767.2' 01/07/97
17 17
Chesapeake Bay Mountain Point MD 394.32' 7624.76' 01/06/97 20
Chesapeake Bay
Bar Bodkin Point MD 399.44' 7624.29' 01/06/97
23
Chesapeake Bay Hackett Point Bar MD 3858.17' 7624.88' 01/07/97 18
Bahia de Boqueron Puerto Rico
MeanSD PR 1800.48' 6710.69' 02/17/98
17 13
Bahia de Jobos
Puerto Rico
PR 1756.37' 6610.89' 02/18/98 Mean
16 15
1Location numbers correspond to those presented in Figure 1.
Values below the LOQ were assigned at that concentration of 10 ng/g, ww for the calculation mean and SD.
<48 <45 <508 1106 <59 <59 <50
<43 <56 229392 543 331 437
8
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Fig. 1. Map of Gulf of Mexico showing sampling locations of oysters. Details of the locations for the corresponding numbers are presented in Table 1.
9
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Bodkin Poirn [obtain Point H jckettPoint Ba
Swan Poir: Matto
Fig. 2. Map of Chesapeake Bay showing sampling locations of oyster
A tla n tic Ocean
VIRGINIA
t
N
10
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800
700 s 600
500
50
400 300
200
100'
0
x # 4^
vs vs
Fig. 3. Concentrations (mean SD) of PFOS (ng/g, dw) in oyster, Crassostrea virginica, from various coastal locations in the Gulf of Mexico and Chesapeake Bay. Concentrations are presented state-wise.
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APPENDIX I
Concentrations of (ug/g, wet for solid tissues) fluorochemicals in biota
Species
Lab ID Tissue
American Oyster (1) K10201 Whole
American Oyster (2) K10129 Whole
American Oyster (3) K10137 Whole
American Oyster (4) K10250 Whole
American Oyster (5) K10135 Whole
American Oyster (6) K10070 Whole
American Oyster (7) K10078 Whole
American Oyster (8) K10133 Whole
American Oyster (9) K10244 Whole
American Oyster (10) K10080 Whole
American Oyster (11) K10581 Whole
American Oyster (12) K10539 Whole
American Oyster (13) K10082 Whole
American Oyster (14) K10629 Whole
American Oyster (15) K10515 Whole
American Oyster (16) K10246 Whole
American Oyster (17) K10131 Whole
American Oyster (18) K10601 Whole
American Oyster (19) K10535 Whole
American Oyster (20) K10585 Whole
American Oyster (21) K10631 Whole
American Oyster (22) K10559 Whole
American Oyster (23) K10609 Whole
American Oyster (24) K10541 Whole
American Oyster (25) K10577 Whole
American Oyster (26) K10473 Whole
American Oyster (27) K10561 Whole
American Oyster (28) K10465 Whole
American Oyster (29) K10569 Whole
American Oyster (30) K10517 Whole
Location Chesapeake Bay Corpus Christi Matagorda Bay Apalachee Bay
Aransas Bay Brazos River Galveston Bay Mesquite Bay St. Andrew Bay Galveston Bay Navarez Park Cedar Pt. Reef Galveston Bay Bahia de Boqueron Terrebonne Bay Panama City Corpus Christi Faka Union Bay
Sabine Pt. Henderson Creek Bahia de Jobos
Biloxi Bay Mullet Key Dog River Old Tampa Bay South Bay Pass Christian Calcasieu Lake Bay Gardene Terrebonne Bay
PFOS 0.100 0.082 0.092 0.089 0.091 0.082 0.088 0.081 <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) 0.077 0.071 <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) 0.071 <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) 0.069 <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) 0.086 <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) 0.088 0.092 0.084 0.083 0.086
PFHS <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
PFOA <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
FOSA <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g)
0.074 <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g)
0.258 <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g)
12
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American Oyster (31) K10263 Whole American Oyster (32) K10227 Whole
American Oyster (33) K10275 Whole American Oyster (34) K10265 Whole American Oyster (35) K10573 Whole
American Oyster (36) K10076 Whole American Oyster (37) K10475 Whole American Oyster (38) K10575 Whole American Oyster (39) K10192 Whole American Oyster (40) K10267 Whole American Oyster (41) K10467 Whole
American Oyster (42) K10563 Whole American Oyster (43) K10252 Whole American Oyster (44) K10072 Whole
American Oyster (45) K10603 Whole American Oyster (46) K10593 Whole American Oyster (47) K10565 Whole
American Oyster (48) K10597 Whole American Oyster (49) K10074 Whole American Oyster (50) K10272 Whole American Oyster (51) K10571 Whole American Oyster (52) K10205 Whole American Oyster (53) K10167 Whole
American Oyster (54) K10194 Whole American Oyster (55) K10215 Whole American Oyster (56) K10219 Whole
American Oyster (57) K10207 Whole American Oyster (58) K10223 Whole American Oyster (59) K10199 Whole
American Oyster (60) K10157 Whole American Oyster (61) K10143 Whole American Oyster (62) K10185 Whole American Oyster (63) K10217 Whole American Oyster (64) K10519 Whole American Oyster (65) K10178 Whole
American Oyster (66) K10141 Whole American Oyster (67) K10145 Whole
Florida Bay Choctawhatchee Bay
Apalachicola Bay Florida Bay Postil Pt.
Galveston Bay Port Isabel Joe's Bayou
Joseph Harbor Bayou Charlotte Harbor Calcasieu Lake
Malheureux Pt. Apalachicola Bay
Brazos River
Hillsborough Bay Flamingo
Bill Days Reef
Joe Bay Galveston Bay
Cedar Key
Off Santa Rosa Potomac River Barataria Bay
Sabine Lake Chesapeake Bay Chesapeake Bay
Potomac River Choctawhatchee Bay
Potomac River
Chesapeake Bay Matagorda Bay
Caillou Lake
Chesapeake Bay Pascagoula Bay Vermilion Bay
Copano Bay Matagorda Bay
0.092
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
0.094
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
0.092
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
0.095
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
0.089
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
0.082
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
0.086
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
0.079
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
0.087
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
0.082
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
0.014
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
0.015
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
0.016
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
0.015
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
0.016
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
0.015
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
0.013
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
0.015
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
0.015
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
0.014
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
0.013
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0376 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0376 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0376 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0376 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0376 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0376 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0376 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0376 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0376 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0376 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0376 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0376 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0376 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0376 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0376 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0376 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g)
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American Oyster (68) K10139 American Oyster (69) K10147
American Oyster (70) K10567 American Oyster (71) K10153 American Oyster (72) K10203
American Oyster (73) K10225 American Oyster (74) K10155 American Oyster (75) K10190 American Oyster (76) K10159 American Oyster (77) K10543
Whole Whole
Whole Whole Whole
Whole Whole Whole Whole Whole
Matagorda Bay Matagorda Bay
Gulf Outlet Chesapeake Bay Rappahannock River
Panama City Chesapeake Bay Atchafalaya Bay Chesapeake Bay Hollingers Is. Channel
<LOQ (0.0376 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0376 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0376 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0376 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0376 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0376 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0376 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0376 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0376 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0376 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.00750 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0187 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0187 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0187 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0187 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) <LOQ (0.0750 ug/g)
<LOQ (0.0750 ug/g) 0.087
PFOS = Perfluorooctanesulfonate
FOSA = Perfluorooctanesulfonamide PFHS = Perfluorohexanesulfonate PFOA = Perfluorooctanoate
I = May need to rerun all samples for FOSA, interferent present in both analyses. LOQ = Limit of quantitation - Values in parenthesis
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APPENDIX II Matrix spike and matrix spike duplicate recoveries (%) of fluorochemicals spiked oyster tissues
Group
Sample #
PFOS RPD PFHS RPD
QC (35) K10573-MS
ext. 09/07/00 (35) K10573-MSD 77% 3% 36% 23%
(37) K10475-MS
(37) K10475-MSD 80% 7% 41% 1%
(63) K10217-MS (63) K10217-MSD 64% 16% 24% 12%
RPD = Relative percent deviation ; Mean values are reported PFOA = Perfluorooctanoate PFOS = Perfluorooctanesulfonate FOSA = Perfluorooctanesulfonamide
PFOA RPD FOSA RPD 66% 30% 45% 35% 74% 3% 69% 5% 76% 8% 43% 12%
PFHS = Perfluorohexanesulfonate
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