Document emj4QkGK9Ro8jaKb4d6EOVre9

a bcc: E . liioftlcr ^ R . K o U e r ^ L ncfwz&BV 13, lti'3 c ?i. Ut. RotarbU. JUcolirou^h In o t it u b o e * l& r ir c o s c u r c c a U n iv o r n it y o f C a X ifc o M Jta juxfe& uy, ClCl aOv iv . y '/iV S frp.r J?v. Ri^Arvoy^h: * Tho.nc y c u f o i ' i t a o r m a r t i r t i t y r/C r o v i e v i n yovi* iz u iu g c r i p t a c o u c u n ii ig } ; o l y o i i l o r i t /i v a i b i t i h s n y ia i n i h o c ? . b a 3 . cnvirciiicnt 'I Iravj forvo-riod yo'.wrotore to iha q^reprioto rccesrsh C^oyo.-) i n c v r O v ^ - v iic R o o to v o i X te^^vt-.rinfe r r 4-I h v / o p.:'.;c 1 o r t b o i r K y t o v e e t s o.t o , f o r t V .o v t c - 'D r .c , s ? . l..r .& a t c / I v l s o r / i n n a t u r o . S5.:::\ i t a r o u i'c o o * th o c o s t in g e ta A t ;.? . r c s J A - .o s in n o i h u 'r .r a , ,.?.T ?s:`.u t o , ti i n t e r i s t a a r o b i- in ;* d i r o c c i a : ; / c u r t !g ;y .c ?Q , 7 ;^ > o r:i y / r , t . l i r v j3 1 * :n r l l h c o i o r , I n ' i v . a t r i c .1 V c : c i c o ? . o ^ ; l ;t i s c V r .v o n t ly c o S T i i i n :; t h o lir o s r a .'n v J L t h D r . R o t o r i 15. K c i i c - r c i o iu * O r d in ile } '? z t .v Sx l ^ c t r i c a ir t i n c lto i- c o o f t ! :o c ::a 2 y S i.s a l .t o s o o f t h o a e t v i t i c a . I C v jii iO l t v j r u y . h i i t u L u c z iu o o v r I -C 3 i n f i c a w o u id c o r e q v --- ~ 'l u r r y r .e r :: c e u n iic n s o t h e r " c r .T ii.r j- 'd r ^ 'c r ." t ^ a t r A s h t b o * o ;i ;v I i . : i c v r c i - v i v c - i n t U n t i l i .o r o o * t h o f iL v ir c .'.'s n tc O - q u o 3 t io :i3 e r o r .t r - ^ v c d , c c r o c i o l i y t h o s c u r o ? i t v o u l 'l t o d jL c u .V & t o o c c - c o o e ' r c ^ u la ic r r y o n t l i i a p r e d ic a . K c a r r / .iilo . o a r R e d ie o i c .r 4 p a s c c r c li r u r c a a a o l ir il'A p r o b & t y t o in to u c h v i t t i y o u E C ;;it i;o in ttio n o & r f u t u r o , B in o o r c ly y c iir s , K o b o r i A C o a !;n , Rooo&vch O roon I c a io r ' . ,, * p.n Tb o b ic ic lo G r o '.r / NV 031152 i ! 780690 AO'.'D vJ NATUh'1", VOL. - PrCCMHCR M, IP^fl Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Global Ecosystem Pi.y R. W. P .lsr^ O 'JGH I*. KIFCME lnTtilurc tA K r/in R lo v r i, | .U*ivcr*ity t i California. berkeley 9-720 ID. D. PcAKALL fjlvl;ir.n of Ctolojy and Syuonm lcs, Cc*'ndlUi)i*?>^iy. Itfllu , l-Jtw York H 7M S. G. HERMAN Department of Zon!o*yt Univenlty of California, Davi* 95414 M. N. KlflVEN San DIcjo NaiurM Hlitory Mutern, PO tox 1593, San DIcjo, California 921II Polychlorinated blphcnyk are widely dis persed In the oiobsl ccorysrom, and are powerful inducer s ofliopsilcenryrrius which drgrtdc oestrrdiol. Together with other chlorlnstcd biocides, such as DDT, they could account for a large lart of the aberration in calcium mew* olisni v/lilch lias been observed In many (pedes of birds since the Second World War. Dtxi.iNiso population of rnploriol and fljh-coting 2,2`li>p-cWorop!ittiylH'thiuio), DDIJ (I,l-dicliloru-2,2 -4i5 bir.i- in Civn! Uritnhi1and Xorili Am ir inn1Jnwo pro.lured (p -lilorphonyIj/thitno) und toxuplwuo oro drliy*Iro thin rhciivil (':m finto tin* period r.fvcr tho Second World chluriim iul by eupuniticuiion with alculiolio KO!I. V.Vr. A widi-ipreiid change hi thn chetnicol cnviionment T e n ia nob degraded by cithor jiroccduro. which (iIfe lt'd l ho cr.k'hmi piiyriolvsy of Uuto Rpmr-s rviilt-nily orcvirrvd nt 11vat time. T he chlorinated hydro* Tabl l, .lu c ix x n a iivr>r.i>CAr.B95S u r xomm ameutci* rrr.ccr.iy r cnib**iis, which enmo ir.to peiuT.it lira in bhu IDjOj, m ay now bo lh*> inotl abundant rent liotic pollutnuU present Bamfd XAMOXS Pr* DlcKliLi TaUI CtTllftC* PCB DPT/ in th-j p!nb:il cuvinniKirnt*. Thin eggshell lmvo been iV.itit'! only in tuncict which accumulate Iiigh concen* trntijns of tiirno'conijHJumin: ryhnivcly uncunlaminated poImint ion uf these ipocica continue to produco normal 1. UnfcitchfJfTxf llojn CVllioinfwcl) f . ftcorvi fi.if J wlsisnV I:.>m Arcilt lira.'tiii'tflf{nTO O il 2C DDT* ' IDS d i; 7 t> ai Iftt ta 1'CU 10 t'K 1 U a t'exiiiin im talolUm In birds i intimately lu te d to ltrjli (u * i| C trci(*nll NM SS M s t 1*7 C7 :o 03 ia*T a s rfprtirl'ibVive iurtiilyjli*mfind is to n Imgo oxtont regulated by h'..Toi>U fueli n* (-estrogen ami vitamin D `. Tho Uarcnai (lltdih Cs'S 3. I h 't n h r i '.i.Viriinilil Immittii'iwly(wot) X )t 1.079 II I 10 1.4S0 4 i*ft ill ;. of m*.ihd!.vry bone, iho chief lourcu of cnluium <?v. ond cr*;shell fcrm^'.ian, la controlled by tho J.Iv.-r iiryij Itr-otn l u d ! l>r.!n(lit.:>ll S o-ut O'AD T'T d M to Id 44 M I*ft .1-0 10'3 u*:..;d ,,x lifir.iKiK.^*'*. and lv-'iH (tclieioni in vitamin D (blii.ii (vsil O !. y t--i"< with J.-mvr e?:*!>iioll wi-igiua*. S t m h h r.ro CiT'.-*v'i|ii>!<n 4, Adu.1:, iMii'-t.i.'ol O il M a t 10*4 1 3u0 ICO 1* and ihcieViy -'irrodcd in x'uv and in mfro rrvj/c` ( u t l ) x s : IS7 a? 93 t-3 by ..i-.i; v.n/yrnws hol'icivl by cjojeiiom , lipiilonlualo 1.1*vt (rrti linliiiiM ii xs; : t o at 4>5 c*::> i :n -.itic m u :n y titu c.uciura'.cu nyurounroou-v'' pr.iluf:i;-oU S'Ji 9 : r-1 .iwly it-.nl! amou.r.j of chlorinated hydro- . Cnt>: 0 1 tloMl M (j t.v n r;.tb i:n u-puivd to prudu'hi this o!'lVcl, *u 'll*,\ and tho ft. Iium tm *' m lenM eft 47 a s 31*0 4IS r es 1,040 (I 1-4 (ft ili that inuvVl amounts of onto of the DDT t'ritip'/iiitds i.ru o.,?trogeiuV,l,,1\ liavo mndo Irrelevant ii'n Arsii rtm H (rfcd Iiim U m' i rlo (dry) XM : i ai T*< 0-10 14 0-54 hiM>)i uf the par: per million approach tovpollutant tTi!..,*y liii.cj un tuxieby data alone. In l-aii lin n t Urilmivn *, ` and Xurth America11 It wai tl<-` '<' In:'* vi tho pcn-gritio falcon which InitiabMl concern Mver (wij Hull) (wet) Doly fnl (wot) CnrcAMfoyl) Unfm *4 (lljtld) 1. ImniAint'! Aortt* XU X XM O'W OU (0 0*13 wa 0-3 as*! n S3 43 ai 0-10 oosr a*s 0-40 ft- 10 IS 19 U *l--!i' ihe CMviit iif Ihv Icirmfii! Otf-'cti of tnviroiinu*!ih\l "'.Miiiru/.i.iu. In tho Vnhed Suit** tlic eastern iiopu* l.l*il M il" pny.!r.i'i'c)lw el) XM ru :.* l tn'.'wl'('try) v a ao a-o 0*i 14 1-0 l.iii>:i w,j* exlu.cL t>;foro comivtuiiL olw rvcw wuro Oonorfiiatloiui la puiM per ftilUtca tret vmfdit. rtry rl^ it nr lipid f" i i- / u viik>pr<--.d d-.*oliiiu*1, Uircduig I>1T t.vMur* jv!u!a: J.?'-Pn T. ,iji*-D n E. r " rrinvA jn-rrisi in Rp]ion nt!y normal numljora in r ./ ` im :< !t'.r,|i'` m iTM lilA n >-t> l)L XV.. Net m -iu-w J. h-i*.i.h t;i>!ii*nbi.-.:* p.iid in th t Arlio,,*,,. In Iiiti7 \." iilWcd an it'ikv.cIiM, abandoned p of a I" r**''ne* I.`Icon i:i cniith'V.vsNTii Xurth A iih t c a . w I uto a i' .ininiii p:tpuli|i on miiin (unpublUlii'd work ef .'I N'. K , It, \ \\ ]*., and 8. C. if.). Analysis ol' this *Ti ji rh'iwivl tlvnt it contained alinosi 5 m s ifevi'ntlnnVif irf r i r n('ni fu!,f.irn!i nl!r*.Vu<iii;iinr V. (|rl*v.*r l'nlwt.liy f(\*:ir*tm.i. 1i'iLrV-y,and bv imTiu*nd.ti.Uvt*f1-0. * y.\if l*!iniK r-iK'ir..! In lb V.l*>r on tiw Titm cm*:' lurlir nNloyilan'*il'nyit.':1,)1l`a.lt.ln>il loi omi'-Vn-ttilyrliflii-iirtwt,*in.-l.!,ti.v.ii.li>fiw<r-in!mt c:a*iuV-.icmf lVu,Mri,. 10 un l'Cll, D'Il ma iltclJrin, 0`l.t in; Iwiibililuf rimlitg. Toltl Lslv lll'ld. I c, ( l'Im in elm.ncWt'tVe li" lt S n*! I m i InVrrw iU.il Mw<n f lyeU-ny f l*ilipif*-1.i tl.r.N it.1 V AU t .r- J\p. f>:?./I. f.h -.1 l<>* W lilir" . Su. i r..n r.t! hii!,::iin ri>' n i tiw rw r In 11,.- .Hitli -mi -j ii rr..n-l**i* li.y nr,->* in tl.>* in trr nf ^-,11^^ Iti II*1MM (r n w - U b-tfC- r.ii-ui-.*. n-il llItM ntly M llur m il. W i l * * bn.ty r.il. T-vit l..|v rlA > llr.i!.i| liyilrn*ttltin rtm**-ii*: j:i m* 1*1'f . i-^ me l'CH. 0*V nu dH-Mrin. U l*> i.w U rt uMor i.'xlJi-. T d .il *lil. *:i c. *n! *>*.:iii(!itnK Wei J.-t*-ruiiti-'.t i! m ,.| j, -irl ' I t i ;. I :`nN *d h.i >.(l ' it t rmi I- i `,*ur,j :nr ' ' ** /',*'! l.'i;*. "i IV llli'ls l.y .. : r . `,,.,,v l* I> T (U ,|.. ri.-hl mi. lir- l v-Mf f,iii.k * if .j.jfti *.ti `.!.f ii,> :it r.uMi ,-i iV iu U i, I.'mi ni M,*.*1i, i'i'.*.<-.i,i;i. t >1} .tt.| . u r!.nl by n 3 11*- . I mii I !v 1 i*.- ; Vi n* m *. n-: y*- in !*.*' ' t.t : <*:' lit'.. l `n `-i* . .*1:1:1 i*i ** '.* **'<r f. -1 .`M*.. ..u 1.^* V,Vj , r w l il. H.-.Lii. ti--'.1 .'i* '.tf M' 10 vi l.i'.it |*f.t'ti..l u i. Tu Tubi.* I uro f 1.*>'iil*`d tin ri'Mihs of n'tiily:v. *f pt'ri'ili'l" fillt'.i'iS wlt'h llii-d !`m;u li Vitliftv uf f ll'l- s 1 NEV 0 3 VV-IT - w i i r 1' f 780691 rJ'L vo u l ic c i . - m i.i. m a o . .ifuT Irm i; tri'ppvd f"1* f-.l*'-`'u y . Xigiiitcmit Mllirlt cmilrii:i 1*m` i,ii(ir*-ii, n.ii'>iii <>r t;)il'.rir;i*r-'J )iy>|ro. ni* JVH W'*!V in Arci io |n*iVKrin Muiil^ ratl^iiiK. A pair M`hi.*h fl.-ilp,*-! Ibr*** ypuiiL* m l!'n' uh*. (N --. **'< *0. mi h'.'dmr fi'd rilirlly (<ii )i:i-fr;iiin and r-.t(nii.l.ii'.riii*i* ti.irir^ ii^ i.*i'` ihvmmiI in a yenr A r ti!i liiil {Ni*. -) ni.il 1i i i *.-i Im ii' m-iiMtii, Molli |>n*y j ,ri#iif. un* trm viny u n vptinitiiNy Ilici. ri-Miliic. vivr jt.-m-ui in un ndult m illnmiii.ilt-il M. X. K-, li. H \ li. miti H. o . f i n 1 1,,) .;,*,J in C*alil.':r.iii {N**. -l). I n h ir.U 2 tim i 4 llu* In tu Imi.iI h 'H T i'n wvn* v .-ry fa**, m a l iti 1" ** 11* bruii i-.i,rri.!r.il iniii *'l* DD1'. mnl l'CH ivero hiiit'. Ut )ir>'|mi iiiiun). A ridi ell of i-: rollivi r in tiii regio.* mi iplif il n-. unirli n *ln* r e a - miI i. ih **1 ii. pr.-nMi- j-i-no, \vlirn*as olb.*r |H rrurinn from Calibirn i iiNrCli .l Imm'c li-vul. Fui lurin^ n-piudm:lii*n or in lici* llu* Mrruinl W.-iNI W ar btivr la r n Ibin In-lini liin-r of Muri .vti.H I.r siri'** Cullili Ih* ixpi-cli'd lt> rnii*.c (n f. 2, and I). \V. AmiIit^oh. I>. Ilic k rv nini it. I'. Clirston* rhuii,u*s in il" inlrrtm l d i/lribm im i o r chim i. fidi* in prr('uruliuii). Il.-spiln ollciul proti f t iur. th e l.yi!r..;.|iit"H1. ibernai ltyilniyylu*v lU'liv ily in tini survivin'.' bini* un* ai il] xiibjiTU-d I*ahonl in^ b y porisiiii-ii livi-r li. -Ili intT-n<f ni 1In- tim o. DivUlrin cu:ivm rat mi* orni io Imni'-.iui-ut u t (ha ->ricM. If lluvi: ro n ld by v.vn- I.iAiT flu ii in ilio pcrccrinn# nnulivcd in U rituiu, t-fcClively nuli iced ila* po|ailntin iniplil y r t survive. Imi ) 'l ) l i cait-on tra non* Moro u]ipt.Ninntely coni- In Tbh' 3 aro prcM-ittcd ilio ripul nr (iiinlyur* of marino and lrrn*trinl birds unti of llm v specilli of ircsh* Tubi** 2 )>ri\*-'iiU ilio resids or umuy*es or prreqrmc- water for I'CII mal DJ)T cntitcut and cmic*'nirntirin. iti.-y #p-n*m, remains o fv h irh wero eollccled ni eyries in From ilia ratio of total J)DT io i'Cll, it is u]ip.*ruii tlait ji,ij. l'.ilivrni.., ZU>r.en. W ith llu* t-xcrprimi nf tlm regiunni fuliniti pallenti exist. In nex t of the birds Jvi,;iim^ uf uno U'imiruinK dovo (ZrnmVuru uacroaio) from 3(in ITimcij-ro Hay uliicb litui- Ixtji minlysrd. alai or (b>.*o jUh limi U'i:ontir. vierti), prey interini iiicUtding ju-leprine falcons (Tiiblc t) and ctxs of the fimiut ut four pyr**s t" iisiiicd of Wit birds. O llirw . Ilio wc^lcnv gall, the Caspian tern ami Iho bliick-rruwncd i-.iivd jrrcha f/V/iVr/w cospicui) mui lito black pelrvl night heron (Table 3), ilio raiiu was bclnxvn olio and two. (/.w r fa n tn .rifin*/) constituted o2 (imi 23 per coni, Another Mut-k.crowned ni^ht heron egg had n i\*}iiciilly ivsp.'Oiivel.v. of ili.* r.'inoins. Ill.ic'i like oilier polirla orni elicnrivAler (Table 3;, ciolnmi-.i .pecially Wei cvr.ccutent ions of boti DDT nr.il 3VH. Hr)rotinetiro success in ibi *'occim`* protiie* engci-iittiig that tho adult fein.-ilo luul wiplrrrd rioni: the const. In most of tho birds from tho Fnm Don Islands, which are 27 miles west of thr Goltier Coro Jlridge* this ratio wus belwerti 2 mid 3. In tho population of j'-.Trpii.cH necios io bit subnormal. In Gulf of l'dimma where ]?CM conimuiuniion might corno IUIS no pnir.i uuro nb,<vvud io batch or fledgo moro than from tho Cimai Zeno and industrial nrccs in Ponamit a i:i;lo yon:i[.. )u ilio past. twu lo four y iu in g .th e City, tho nitiu is bviMt-cn l and 2 O'nble 3). inimln-r normally pnvlured by licnltliy prrcpriiiei!J,i,p In tho Gulf or California, a rvgion rolativrly remoto nero raided by nudi pair (L. W, WnlUtn*, |v;rsoival cotti* from the simrce of either DOT or l 'CM coutamirmtion, nmi.irai imi)- Tlm tiiirkiit-sr of fmgtncnM of a {orrpritio (ho ratio was in mo-t eases Approximately 9 or 10. Thu ct*i*-b'.li. with itk iacmi inmc, colvetro in ittOS beliu* mi w true in the egg of the peregrino falcon frnblc I), vili- where (.ile nvitiiv l.'Uciicil, was 0 l ima a dcerea<p in all of the black poiml* mid least pnlrclt onnlvHil* nf PI p-r .*ni lYn,-,i ili-;- :iu\in l'.jicl.'lli'SS o f W l n)ii*.0-ilis in the Cmvvn's niarode.ia riV.b1.* 2), in five of W osprvy mm {il.# par t--ni p..ut`ui'fi(p leve!) i(i tuvniy-thrcu eggs cogs m;:l in ,ix oi wvvn ..stern jell ec;f tTabio 3). V.!- n rii in ibi* ai.ii b-Turo Km7. Tini renio i*Mldcrncss. Am.-ju-; lite *;xv -niorw the fidi iit, v i ill low e-.'nc.-ntratbuA Muri ili. iv ir# i>.il..*... r;::vc *? ''mota fmni nC Loth DDT -At.I r e , was the most irivcrgciU. ith a f illllV i. *.*i' p a lli.I io ti. ratio of 43 i'iVj Io 2). i t is not n:is r wir-iiiv. r.:2-:c:.; In C'iilforain, miiiihci* o breeding jveogrnoa Iinvo ddVerctici u ietwcen avia mid tnmiiiiud:.iu phy.'hdo^y or b*Tii tv.tuc.-d l\v r.L i.'.'.n HU per cent ni icucitt yrnra. a fundumeutiil difi'crvnco in ferding Inibita. The other Ti:- rrr..lining fuv; pnii*.-, hoMovrr, urrm tu be roprnducii'g exceptions includo rpeetes which sru jaesetit in tho ara m>ni(.il!y (uni rear, wjicn tuuH^lurbcd, between two and only during tho breeding wason (Table 2). four yuting c-ica year. Tlicy aro found* like m ost of ilu* In sea birds from tho Panifio the Talio was usually Mirviving p.iira in Great X5riiuiu3,-,,l in n relivtively between 6 and 10 (Tnblo 3). TOR wus not found in cg^s itiivutiiaiiiinuicd ivpiuti and w o n to be feeding on bird of tho Adelin penguin from Capo Croeior, Antarctica* M o l ' l i 'M f i -!* (13) VUv: Ml.-It if.-l (ID) Vik-W lir..*. p lvKC) V.'i r f U - J v I.-I V.*l. tut CV)*..ly ft p.-.-r. : t (f) I i-r-- hi w,. : Mi.. . **4j. .n;uU . . t :-ii.l li.' Tt>( t . k b a p m tx r * t r s k c iu or rcsco n xc raico5s ix tu s ao tr o r o su ro ssi* 1)1*7 X * (/`C> row (p.p.m.) ytrfrwWC DIM ven (ss) re , (p.pjn3 --; 810 (MS-lAM) sA > so (SO-97) T 13 (16-31) s CM J (Sin-z.i9) s S7*| 1 1)3 o .o :e . )S<1 MOO *on 0-71 (W) ()') 0-911(7) 2-107) 97 1 83 83 80 83 13 K ill -- -- ) ( 1*2-3-0) 0-68 (0*44-1-09) -- -- -- !-onv> (UOO-J-14) 0SSOT) 0-OV) (L) O*M0 (V ) 0 . twp 1 1S-S (0-3-S 1*3) -0(1.) OO -- M (7.) (0-6-3) DOT/ CU -- if-9 M 10 49 8*T T*#' t*l I 9 tot <BfIJ 03 -- 8*) (1.) y* (O i::si (33-11-3) r-*, *i t - fu!,. *-. . i .*!*-.;> !*..( r :! *t.-.t -i #r.-; i 1*-I.*. , i...|y *.f \ AU.I...II.1 p.n m. ;ri(H- 'Si' wrf r;Ijti l (M*( rrllra r )-[>-* it. lr.ir* IA*K>t*fHjif ffHIll**! twY>Vl,ruhitiati.-I-.rCI*n:>). rr.-* W fit* tlif uufi'i.' ICvfi.i-st.i,,li^t,r p p -w w of . i 1'.i!-* ....... ..I, ( . ;* i>( h** riviva r,> h i. ! * i H ' * '/ .*>: .. (,, i..r : -I .ri: r*;: #'u I*>f M id i U i U i i ) r. ' . hm tul.:: ..*.; l'* r. *f-:i(.f,-i)*: l-.j'l; i'-ii'i: / /- i'.J i f i.WC t i . t * i; .-,,i n i#<a: ) Afc.Vn,# jn*i UvintDU* ^vll: :i )t '-- i;V f r-r - t-' -.*r-o *;.r.'in'.l -r.tno. - i* .* I*.'.hi. v:th-in i . *rr!l.|) i: l 0 17 p p 1.1. rn-ltin U fljltl), NEV 0 3 1 1 3 4 1 ; r 780692 TIA I Ul a. T- MU T a? ? 3, rrn ix p por i : ir. cicDAt roe*rm v HUT 1*3''v u liil rcn i f * 5 . .1 l-.'-'U) i r* . li- I'*1 K 1 1 1 tri) _ " M M IJ.) 1 M f\V) roo r v i 3*3 (IV) u n i; 0r. 0 0<s) - --. -- 0n-1i*n11; (\V) 0*9'*t I i OT.'it h 4 fi l.-.'.-i I-I.mM O I.; i o ie (O'&M'Ol) 9*130 (L ) 71 o o iiA ti/crc >M *,t. h*pn*n!i**f't*r.j<) 1 -- to* nv> 3 -- 0*9W(\V) tu l*i.;.-A. Mil II i: IlM -fi-i* ii ! *.>rAir (7) 1 1 1 1 _ --. 10,471 ,lX) O U (IV) 17-5 iW ) 3UOVJ TO 09 94 93 n 3,1*04 t77 n oi (iv i 0-3IC.V) 0-5 (V I 0*42 (V. ) J! . k - ijA-** r (t;l It V Alriiiiif.I.I'UH stcnr- 1 1 1 1 _ -- 1.SI& " 12-3 (IV) 1U'9 (W | -3 (\V) BO (\Y) 01 __ 1*5 (XV) (0 -- 9-9 (VJ) 09 * NM 0-3 -- M (W | 10 12 16 *..!! l*.`l ).ili|i i -.lt' l (It1) 1 2.1 M 69*3 (W) ( l tBll-5,NO) 03 . Bt*. (29S-ICS) B<\V) t-5 Iti*un jr'ir *.Ill) lit*. -. I'-:vi.m I -* (IU -1 U ) ):;.> . n.ij i 2 10-0 (L ) (11-50) ^ 61 <47-7) l 23* (U**U) 101 . (M M M | w 1*65 (0-97-3 5) 0-5. (-0 -Ui.l (l.`)reai, S 0-0,1-7,30-0 -- 8 e-4,6-7,Pl-0 -- M ,1*5,01 )vn :<*! )!* m iera#. I ,'i, . );rji.t.r ritiim'fjiil u I) 4 17 O-* (104-211) 320 e * (i.) -- 9 12*2 |S W I4 ) 1 113 1*7 2-9 i.'i> l*t'-.\. r!li:,'<Mlil(|}) r.-.-* IV..XIC tl li.lt (14) V* *-.l.-.'l,, ftHll*V!.:.(c(I7) 1 4 124 (120-1 V>) ( J l Ul (tJi-l-9 ) m 10*9 (TV) . 0-70 (IV) 0 32 (44-75) 70 -- n 0-4 * (5*5.7-) * ODI -- 2*1 H 13 Vi1..! V 1 H trK1!i-*1(,Vr-. `i-;'/r*;.I t. C li:\. *. fi t : i1fI .*: MM iivanT V.t* ..,. %a* ir1 1.*> I.'!* * i -.. m!"*v f'.ii-i 1 1m 3 4 1 1 0 1 1 e 3-1 6*3 11*1ATT lOL'.t-VC 3i6-o;fttlb 1 IS7 (30-741) 41* 5-1 0*34 (IV) 0-3--311V) 3-0--(1.) 9 V (IV) * 0 W) 33(1.) t*P (IV) ft'OU 0 2b (IV) es 73 2 37 30 0 33 94 39 M o-ei 2-0 4-3,'rtC 4-0/iSS -e/tca 17*3 (7*3, S*(t, tPS (21, **i, 13) U-4 1*7 H iU I 0*3 0-23--(V ) 0*50 O'') 0-011 *0 flY} 3-0 l-S 2*0 a- 63 4*0 63 3-3,10*1. ML 11*3,9-7. IW l-1 1*4 i, ; *. i 1 * *V'** r . :c.i* I 1 \*l. `aIIsI*IP*i*`1l11'**1.:HitfMI*vtaV* 1i*t ,iti.ii 'ii. i't rn'JU tftt *1*-* \ ,t 1. .' * r*.('..*.p t.l i iiirt.ir . 1*i.|.*ibf ` C.-1 U .Mere 1 .* !!! ..........*..":1c*1u) j\* , f"i i i 4 IP 7 * A s 1 s 1 1 *1 bJI MO OUI (?2 -l,l2 3 ) 41211C2 313 239 ens (S04-732) 1.209 (1,210-1^332) t .ll (991-2,430) i.p ir* (932-3.C21) -- -- -- J2 0, 3*1 -- __ .-- _ __ 0-7* (IV) 131 (W MW) 0*76 2*7 0-10 (IV ) <9 00 S3 et T 29 9 W* 70 0 04 09 97 77.03 33b 3 ' (380*1,910) 730133 f 46*30 114 (91-137) 105 (0>JO*930) 1,010 (650H-1,000) 3M* ( HUI.010) *-- _* Xol dettiteli -- _^ -- V o-m <0 (1.) 0*10 0*16 0*34 14 W 1*9 M 3-1.10-3,30, 12*X UHL 10 7,10-S #-< 1*7 1,1 6 3*3 30 3 %1 m* * ' i.t.-.iSi *- .Ii 3 3A f*-* 11i '' ***''it*pt*;lah,*!1j''r.if.tM \ It: 27-7ifa* li* ' Sl'2.418 1r.-*n2#*w(W>) O-Jt. 3-3 (IV) 3 M 77,03 lo**frr 14*4.Vl*C 2*3.20*1 0*17 (VT) 0-06 ( tV) 2-7 in 34.16 9 *> l wlsjti* (\V) nr llliht w illh i (T.V Kci'tln And U itllfin wn* lUcrllrd on il* La*t* of iftenlJon llitw t on both QM awl W C0 1 i . patti i - >. . ' *' .ii> Net !- -i Mn! VIUr. IHf-.-mUT ltnW. 1........ . V.i'tl'., M.ii1li'*"*. ................. ', , ' `i* '! V.-wU-t* .!n*l Ut l'erlu-riilllA. C.iilf if paim>i4, t-mar** I04. Oltr r;/ - . . , . . 1 '-o*. sii-ihf is.'.uh^i! H I- !-.iii. i!k1.!i;n :.! U-i; in. rinKn ll:n *1 v'Jttl. C'al-i.iin-.-. . ,1 ' , V ; * '*" *. '* **Ii*! !f4t. "*!U.. rus n>ha..tlii* J *'-34 tM***'- Mili. rrl 1*15 k i- i.i. ciairiit * n *MI. . 'It; *` .......... . :*.-.>i:,.1.w. ViMr.vy lt-C.l. T an <,* *r:<- m i - t l fur >li>|.**in rn.l rndtln. l'M!ri*r . Vt} I 'i. ,. I.' , J."V!J.*'Wlii.lx, -. <, . V .J I " ' I-* J i- "'i-l I : /I *r**l 0: ii.t in jn i ii' I"i'nI.iI*T:RruC*I`.-..*il1l,IiV'i ...'f1TiftIii V. I|> i !*,. Aiml (S|i-f )MH.j (Mitili tf MflUrlf. NEV 0 3 1 1 5 5 780693 tfX. vo;.. m o. uree:-'.:: h m . ipoo tk luiiUlir'i) l-T MXtf from Veto Co . f tir., A|ttl I9CA, l,, ........ . lm-A.-vf ili" amount of I)DT was very lowj specie.) of mptor* do nofc nccuinulnto high aiii-Minln of .nil. ID7:iVi? mho of l , no TCI) would lifivo broa tlio organa*chlnriv) coinpounrlc frnblo 3), a result of tlii* ,!. i. rN .l, A ..r_vr amour.! of h a maUrial from Anhirctiu very Inv residue levels usually found. in their prey. . i whi r l . wait!'. c-u im h more T>DT. w o u ld Amfric^u fcwlp,! cud b-im owls arc common rrsidmitr. of i) r,. I,.\vr 1.' H illiard before conciming th a t TCI* Cutiforiiia ciiii-s. 'J'lio vhiir-tnilrd kite, which w 1.. .. *.-.t vi-i t'T.r;:v-il t!.i* Amorciic. lii!ivi<Ui.iU cf li'-vf i.'i reii'Js`i.1 in industrial meen hove, ... i-xi-Tt. *!. l.:r:> r TCU leve!* Ilion individual* of tho v^cir-r. fi..(:i l!i*re remolo regions. Aitulyniu of near cxliitction 40 yrar-t ago in California, is now abundant in areas whero htwciicido ujo m iiurnso, yet buenu-te it ptvys primarily U|>o:i tho ehort-livnl and hcrblvurotis vole, .1/iVroffis, the species accumulates very littlo D I)T i.-.i .-a* fruiti u n clutch* of '.he western sruU from tlio or TCJ1 f l'nlile 3). )*'.di.lT'-ii J.-l.ii.-i showed on f.vrrno VCJt content- of Trovinus work11has shown tlm t both DDT and dichlriu j:;..- j>.t iz (i'*i ;.-. r i,nt wi.tuW.c * level). TCii rniitnnt inrUice liepnlia enzymes In the pigeon which, in nn in f.*lUr t.V-. fr..:n i.reo clutch"* from nit island in Fan vitro prrpnriition, inercaso tho metabolism o f progosteroiic fi..i.. t-en H *y i v.-r-yj-'U 60S ie with n rungo from OSO mid Insitrttrronc. llii* work has now been extonded to 1.. I ff.t/I.- :i. Seveu cz%* from seven clutches in study (ho incinliolutm of ocstntdiol by cmyinas induct'd 11.. * iJnif cf i'iiiifi-riti coim-incd 4 3 3 0 fig of TCB. by p,/A)>DD, technicAl DDT (Dupont) ni.u TCB (`Aroclor 'l l.- ni>T co.;:.-ni of flic e'p* from llc FnrnlirnK was not 1202'). Tho experimental procedure previously described'* . :.v,ii;t-ii.ily dmeivr.t from that of tlio Baja California won followed except tlmt tho chlorinated hydrocarbons r1/, . were injected Intramuscularly rather than given orally, flam i '..- *if f pf California also contain dicldrin mid in tho svimrnumv of oestrmiiol and its mctaboUtcs .... . .-ulivi! - y.*r 5 euri 3`, but tin* number of tumi we ih" salvent 3).cm used was t i n upper laser of a mixture -;,i ; (>[. ';: u r tlv ir T.;!iivt` nlmticlonce at' Uiuv^ucriicptisncui.L'iItatioitwuier 75:6:2. Tlio stri;>* * ti*, i *: i`).`1* *.vi VCD. Despite* ihe mohdby of tlie wvH: monitored with, un Muto^ruphic strip sonilncr. The {'i., i... IC-.u-.j .-:iy t j fimi any chlorinated hydrocar- prcl;l."f cbtmned ihr tho vurious inducing sgunts are i->, . ,fi ; c- 1 r i l .ih miri ir. inv .iviu. .-I" l.-t .-',,`'t. ki Tig. i. It be notvd that > piv-.Oi.^ nf ho i i'iiiiii into the Cimi, it ix likely tnclubc-litcs obtotuM efter cnanno uiducti-tn tniug DDK -ni.'. d-> rater from the Colorado Diver Aml from and DDT cry identical, b ut tim t n din'.'rent metabolite r.i.MA in wwicrn Mcxh'o. A significant U produced by the enzyme induced by IV It. Tno ninotuit if*u, l.M i-wr, mm:- come from llw atmosphere1*, of metabolites form-ul was caloiilnicd from tho radio* --I r.ir Ire.:.*;- 11 )>.*: 'Vj.Vittx ih f presence c f TCU in activity of tho peaks. Tlio results obtained arc given in '"i-' i.v.o-. In cviinct* from the Gulf of California Table 4. TIT. rampound wr.i present in relatively small i"i:cvt,tr.*.i . This compound j* rcndily degraded by i.hi'ivi--1. i;;.!i iri;iti:ni<it in laburni orv experiments, ... -t iii-.v Ik* -loci ivvly degraded in tlio ....... F". A!: bough l'CU ih not, mlublo in water, it * .. . t;-v Cni*.o vapour priw.m t1*. Incineration of im.i. ri ,; (-iiittiit.i:.* TCU would greatly incronsu (ho ut vi.tr) tin* ftiiwttpkiro. TCI* is used in ilio *-;.tifni;!iit nf ir .iy i.dr.strml products, so the high f i 1 in ij,m >*Mne4vt3 liny, j'upet Sound* i.l>.*u J'. IL.y pr-suumMy rvuilt from direct dijiclmrgp TaMf I. tx-nrur or n ru s in a t xt.hwiu* st riorox Lrrra itexoouvAxra ixox sisas rac&tcb ira vsaiors ciisoai ico n ts s o c is s o rs Auwfonnt aorfJirIodUsrvtaoaeutalltxUltc* CoolrA D U IIH C n i-T Un ne ire lr n (sc mjA'ci it c*s W itlW ICSO*IOStltOl*-2J Kaeh flmre b Ut* sw ra Uh UntUr-1 AtTlnlinjt of s smnr of fa ir litid. )a all tlri WM im-toMr* * f -im-UoM.T-X tSKl *u'ifpiiiM || k u lirr.-M't In Um liuMhuion inlxaiM . )iaail<uHn l.>>f Su min. eaM t>T mHir"v-nnl rv tk ifl m ui cm Stc> At) cl.h>rinunl hvdiccnTlioiif rtrrr InhcieC iuU aiauxnnilr Into ih r i-wtotal aiut d*> brt'en tlratlk -f I p*|, u,iNjM iuta tltevo waters and from local Body conccntmtions of 40 p.p.m. of p,;/*DDD igniti* **) - of r c r. tn the f>.*v.* land birds end fresh* ccntly ittcrvaacd tho nuo of oestnuliui degradaiirm by -.-.1 jitilH*.ii,. tlmt. it is also tiL-iriluttati tho iudiicctl rnr.ymes in ilio cxpcriturntnl condttious. * " ' "-S i.t.d mvyiipitti in NoUh Aim-riee. Tero- On n weight bn.is (liti ]*CI3 prvpural-m litui nu ocutradicl ; *c/ ll,n' Bctittii.. IVU, ns well nti iho other degrmtiig polentnd approxitnatcly (ivo times tinti o f s . ` *'..-.lA. i,v..r n(j their global range. p.p'-DDK or tcclinical DDT. lioth I>I)1 mal IV II. '" r av.-iii.bV for pix-y spnetea fn*m u b id uro iipparvnlty tlm mo#t nbundant of th cliloritintt'd ... j . *. ' V* .r',.,,,lv u ,ri;' wiiieh s*.en to bo 3Vi* hydrocmbon poliutanta in tlio gioititi rcoy.-ik*m. liia r , ' ' '* '* A ivcnitd year mde tbevi'foro ilio capacity lo proriuco eublotliul phydi>Iogic.d * ' **('f rj - r.S o n Ir'lu lv-rbc-cii, efivetn in 1-ic1k. . * * `' / " !|. l ' * *') r.iwl fiii;r.5'**b:rd o f Sntdios on tho neiiviiy of inducrd cuxymca in th rat r '* * ' '**_ * iif* * , ... -, haw *: w h ich w m ai* viirioun lime.* nflvr a singte utjvuion of DDT or V"|r*.li>|''il divhl rin ha ve bevi) mado h y Clineai ri of.**. He f-mid 1 * ' *>'* i*l', lmi il look Tu c.ivs for Ih) cctivty lo fall tu h-tlf ita . . . * '.i A >/ii Am --ici; inni in )i.i. \ i;iiiiji v.diie in th, caso of l>D*i* l u l d a y n in th ' "' i j **,:*..,14, ti-:wrul ente of tlieldtin. KxfvrmenM u ilb ilmUria on pigeaiu NEV 0 3 1 1 5 6 780694 *? NATUlin. VOL ZZO. DPCEMDR M. | f c a TJiN v.'orli ivr.s rujijvorlrrl hy siiti 118 Xnlimint K>'*t"v r<ittmlit1 t'ii, Ilv Jiiirrnii of Spuri jM-dirrii* mid WiMIi:' fi:! Ilio l'S l'.ihio Jh*a!l!i fr-nici-. J'mii ptpM)t)K %,,* Rtipplt*-(1 hy Ih- I>**ltTi| J i*if Adlitiltidra 111ut, imi! inp!.;* of `Arofclor* hy ilio M iurcnlo l'Iieiutctil Ctuttpauy, y-s. i. l>ro:n'.,'\,u :M r i *|M Mjd t f pm In "Hoi Iti tr.ctatwIIMi. I I w Unfit ji.'jk li arullerei) ocstritillol. ah-w tim i oly n fpmrtcr of m aximum nclivhy muiiiiui i n tiMiiitli* T imh il tori' 4 (-vkIoikv th n t tini (fic c li o f l. . * i , i l \ per.U:. over a lo n j pcrJud of li!! * <::::!) n.nro tiudica r.re noetici! tu (Wtrmuio ili- frullini; |*oti:r.iah o f iivir* of ih o w s p e c ie i- . : cM o rin n tcI h yd ro d ftrh o iw . Th-i , 1 * >1*4 J*fi j K i liiriitT i! l*i. .* **-iy of exirg-i*tii lo r))<il liintr-il hydre?Hr>ilsi. `I'*- i.(h:o;io:m in ocg*0iel! lluckm.'*!' (itici cj^sliell v <,;.! ri.-.t. i.ko (!ii r):i'n:*.'4 * f cpi? hn;ukui;i*,lw \ onci .r i.'.oii*ion, ua|iic!i iiffcctt hiitcliing iucecwM-*1, r vii'. b * 'i:a i iril. The enviroimuiit. in ivhicli )<irtl* i f -.v i sis ii ilnsvii'.-c no loimcr tho amo a tlmt hi vlicli l)y rvi-!\c<l: il i.4 imlikrly tim i any specie* ho* dio I*--ni'i!<* v$..n iiy to iiv'm ili arie et ioti premuro* remili:t13 iri-:n : I f i-.iirupt eiivii-omiuimnl cimiti* chicli h ai producati ih* !!.: ri: lieti*. Tiio iiere?riiH fo!c*m |* a tpccfo* Li." iwor.-d end n*i*riectcd. G. )I. Thnycr1* liuti *. 1.!-* ti u * Mihc rinhoditucnl <T noble rupocity and L.v !y u-m!*i:m' \ Ah iiony iluiefore oxi*w in ilio faci ih >: ih.- porvirriv iimy ho ilio fina sj>ccc tu ho oxtirpntcd hy (:!<*! .1! ( mi! tiutiliaiion. h m tr n l A nni'! 55; revl/M Novrtnlr 14, 1MJ. *HatrMfr. u. A., .VaIhm.U S, 5.K IMc.':-), j . ?.. aivt A*l'rr*vn. D. \ l\ . .Vtnfr, 1G5, fili (laO'L 1111*.'hii*j-li, K . \V,, In f.'VmtVtif fallout, A lili Uoekfilfr TW'.rpftn Mi.*pro'. 1?%). fImViM, K., CaHtin in Jlrrtrltitlir* 7'Ayrfafofy (KcIiIaU, S Vari, IM I), MoiUh . k ., u w . />.. a, a?.i *w u . I r ia m i, ani IInati, CU S*r. /la/.. lari, JS1,509 (IftlSh *Viro, r., ami l'uU-r, T. X . Anni. A*r., f Q, 37/ <19.111 *Mi, V.. 11., S*rv(,><*><. Ih, iM'Vwkv, a., Kh-tiUn. 5. IT. T* n*|-K J. O., tini Jc'.iiuon, U. X.. J. /Ut:. C im ,, , &i9<)9>. V iltli. n . M., J-v(!,, V*.. ft..| tutiner, A. It., Cmtmt fa I, fti.f flvlnw rn/.ffw mi Twieif.(in il |<inl II Ilari, U (1., ^rlmII!te, il. il* a n i l'onta, 3. II., TtfttJt. A n i. J'JUmrrV, *.3T1 (UVat, Ila 'l, Ih (l4 and Votiti. / . IL, X+nt*-$tknbrUri't AnX. T tf. /*cth i ,AnruaIft(..Kf, 4S, (li)). ' Count7, A. 11., ivclfb. u . Ih . KonUman, IL, tn d Dama, J. 3., Cl* /'irwifoi. ri^n'r.. I. S 09) il " Conney, A. Ih, rAnmnral. I^ p.,19. 917 (1907). MKopfcr. Dm/,'<( h ta .1 9 . I l (1007). MCetliolli, fi., and Schvabj, V., .4rc/L E tf. I l U d . l 'I i i M t i l , ! ( t , 4<9 tifi#. d ite li, 3. W.. J. AMc. T to CVn.,18. ISO (IO). " Sthivabc, V.. A'.*n'(iafl(*I*f#r*cA., 14,1C <IC0t). * Vo Va II. U. li., A'fllvrr.31, LUJ (1007). " Retell, II. IL hevln, \74 amt Conoer, A. EL Totktl Appi. DiaraanT. tin ttie presi). **Dllnun, 3^ Cecil, II, C* XTaiHa, 8. J., and Fili*, 0 . 7 , Crimea, I t t, SM (190). > KAUtiffo. D. A., ft'3. Uhi*.*II. <19081 > RMdlir.-. Ih //."li.'ru.'-r.lC, WM). " lu*irII(le, p . A., JIM X'n (y, 1?. l i (K-ii). *ILitrtiUe, O. A., fJrJ FTwfy. IL Uh (19471 '*IU:h-y, J., r<'int i'a'rrn /'*.7!in#.' Tkttr JtWanr *af fvi.W M'n'rti*!lF o N'i'CCn*ln )'*,. le l!n pfma). r**l, r. L.. Ca^aa*-, *1. IUV(IP^>. ' Cile, T. J . .W I(r, c /X L ao-l h r vc'-.M/ P J .C tn ir;70'170 ?>. ' TrtWi.i*i H and tv*n.rtTllin rWl7H |t* t Jui-trn, 3..Vor 35''.2(IPiOl* * T /nnuu, H J. / . `rJOit, Arsi. lVn^.,l30.7lMP (17). * 'Molntr, 1). C., fiuMtnona, J . Ih , 4 Talln, 3. 0*C^ Fetta*. CIP, KT tU$M. " Erm. V..Reixntte'A.,and D ceL aim .Ih,LaR. fnafrM . C ani.TirtW , 37S (U07>. Will*. C, .4w. SS. 179 (19551 JtnVikl. V. 1., and rraatt. L D'fh Dfrrfe. ( 9,49 (I0 1 ,4M*In. DUh/rin, A'adrin (.4 Claitf* De|>orf) <17i 8M I D * n k a l Compafef. IP4J). MDivl>rriuzh, l. V'.. l l u m l , D. 3.. Rtlffln. 7. 3-, and OoMberc. T.\T>~ S,u*e.-.\Zt, IS33(19^41 * Trel. Jt'iU. 77.-39I (Montante Chi m ini Cenpapy). Holden, A. V.. and Mnttthn. K.. .Vaiitrr.t, IS'.4 (19471 " Uhnaal, A.. Km.-.r.ihy, \\ \ . r e i '.lj, L Volitard, JI..VL and Ektnpm. I , Arri. /.ip. V*VM. i'AttialrJ., 519.1 (I9U41 * Sor.*, IL 71, ai*] leopol.J. A. fU 3. lfUt. Aionero ral, 37, SCI U 71 u MnyhrivJV.*. \Y,, J. 11'Mh .t(ci*afrH<n/. 19.3 <19741 Ttajxr, U.!)I., PUi lare, 0, 47 (19CM. fsun?.mis on the Moon? bv \ v . o . ' a m d o j 'i U c . . . *. l K : t r Of C ' 4 V* ' t i Ci* iik j, ** `. *. t l V v r i t The spzclng of the five enuubr mountain rings around Marc Orientate fits a dispersion curve for gravity waves on a 50 km "liquid" layer overlying a rigid basement. 'ti i.li." i.,,- *B*1* :!.!. * i. , to * g* * !t I.V Ilf* r crv.**:.< lurti'T >/! I *tuift*r.i^", ,! hy 'iiipi.i'tiiii; t*l uw lrnitifi!.;. M ei firs t h ro u u ltl u* itty iitlcnli*.'!' hy l . Ih IW I'lwiii ({'.iMiiinl kuitittitu*ic>t;ieit). IhiM inu u n th ill iu w vvvul Ctrl"* (incitiliUi" lito .Mi.tv iitiliritttii) t*.vo or in o re liny-* run bu m-ido /*: N 6V ( 780695