Document emYXvVJq6Dx88r8vo92aw8rw9

C k ir A /'O 'z / J /k jC , S & A P & A d w i* c j / W C by / 5 P f o d u v - r r u j i<* - 2 . " A 'i ? & e s w i& " " f t r y e i o f i j r . *> W /i 5, VJtC, i PfZcprtyUt/S' ~ i4 i* tia u A . tJ E tto A r * 4 . [? > fe c < v iy e * * P te O u c tz ? . . . / q ^ g - 7*Jc, e jp & v n * t fiy & p ty /b fc T . PLAINTIFFS EXHIBIT CAM-18 * STATT O f CAUFOSMIA E A U WAKTEN, Gnux DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES WARBEN T. KANNUK M k m DIVISION OF MINES P E U T KUttDWC, SAN FRANCISCO 11 OLAF F. lENEtNS, CkMI SAN ^R N C S C O BULLETIN T T AUGUST 1950 MINERAL COMMODITIES OF CALIFORNIA GEOLOGIC OCCURRENCE. ECONOM IC DEVELOPMENT. AND UTILIZATION OF THE STATE'S MINERAL RESOURCES Prepared by the Staff of the DIVISION OF MINES Under the Direction oi QLAF P. JENKINS CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS CHARLES V. AVERILL OLIVER E. BOWEN. JR. LEWIS T. BRAUN CHARLES W. CHESTERMAN RICHARD A. CWPPEN, JR. JAMES W. CROSBY. UJ FENELON F. DAVIS SAMUEL R. HOFFMAN CLARENCE A. LOGAN L. A- NORMAN. JR. GORDON B. OAJCESHOtr JOHN C. O'BRIEN RICHARD M. STEWART HENRY H. SYMONS MORT D. TURNER JAMES W. VERNON WILLIAM E. VER PLANCK, IR. LAUREN A. WRIGHT CONTRIBUTING AGENCY UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, BUREAU OF MINES 35 I j CONTENTS LETTER O P TRANSM ITTAL............. .......... r><* 3 PREFA CE _________ 11 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT OF MINERAL RESOURCES OP CALIFORNIA ... .. .. ... _____ I5 PART I --SUMMARY O F MINERAL W EALTH IN CALIFOR NIA FOR 1018................................ . ________ ___ ____ Mineral production in California during 1948 compared with 1947 _____________ _ . . _________________________ Contributions of the counties to Uic mineral production of Cali fornia during 1 9 4 8 ...---------------------------------------------- 23 23 41 PART I I --M INERAL F U E L S ................... Coal . . . . ____________ .. Coke ......... . .. .. .. ------------... ----- ... ------------------------ Natural gas --------- ... . . . ____ __________________ Natural gasoline and liquefied petroleum gases . . . . ________ P ra t ___________ ________ . . . . . . __________________ Petroleum ----------------------- - ------ -- ______(____________ 59 61 64 (6 80 83 85 PART I I I --NONM ETALUC INDUSTRIAL M A TER IA L S.. . . 109 Abrasives ____________________________ 111 Andulusite, kvanite, and sillimanite--------------------------------. . . 116 A rsen ic__________________________________________ 118 Asbestos ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 121 Asphalt and bituminuus r o c k ----------. ; ________ ________-- 124 B a r ite _________________________________________________ 130 Beryllium ------------------------------------------------------------------ . 132 Black s a n d s -------- ------------------------------------------------------ 133 Calcitc (o p tic a l)_________________________ 136 C em ent_______________________________ -.______________ 138 Clays --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 142 D iatom ite-----------------------------------------------------------------------150 Dolomite________________________________________________ 155 F eld sp ar______________________________________________ 158 F lu o rs p a r.--................................................... 161 Gem stones____________________________________________ . 164 G ra p h ite ______________ __________ _______________. ____ 169 Lime and lim estone....------------------------------------------------------111 Magnesite, magnesium, and magnesium compounds------------- 177 M ic a ------------------------------ 184 Nitrogen compounds______________________________________186 Pebbles for grinding___________________ 187 Phosphutcs_________________ ... . _____ _________________ 189 Pumice, pumveite, and prrlitc . . . . ------------------- 192 P y r ite s _____________ 203 Q uarts c r y s ta l..... ............-- . . .......... ...........................-- - 206 (7) C3 CO CONTENT*--C.ntWu*4 Splines ________________________________ B o r o s ........................ ................................ B ro m in e___________________________ Calcium chloride _______ ____________ O y p eu m ___________________________ I o d in e ______________________ . . . . Lithium __________ ____ . . . ........... PoUmium aalta -- _________ ________ B a lt______ ________ - ........ Sodium carbonate__________________ Sodium aulfate ..................... . . . Sand and g r a v e l.. ...................... ................. S la t e _____________________________ _ ... Stone _________________________________ r> .................. 208 __________ 215 __________ 219 ........... . 221 \ .................. 223 5 ............. - 230 j _________ 233 | ________ 236 S . . . . . . . . 242 _________ 246 i _________ 249 \ AC1 ! 260 Strontium mineral--------------------------------Sulfur ________________________________ Sulfuric a c id ___________________________ Tale, soapstone, and pyrophyllite_________ 270 273 275 275 PART IV--M ETALS........................ ..................... A lu m in u m _____________________________ A ntim ony______________________________ B iam u th _______________________________ Cadm ium ______________________________ C h ro m ite__ r ---------------------------------------C obalt________ _________________________ Copper ________________________________ Ferro-alloy____ _______________________ G o l d __________ ________________________ Iron ----------------------------------------------------L e a d _________ _________________________ M anganese_____________________________ M ercu ry-----------------------------------------------M olybdenum -----------------------------------------Platinum and allied metal_______________ S ilv e r __________________________________ Tin ------------------------------------------------------T ita n iu m ----------------------------------------------T u n g ste n ----------------------------------------------Uranium, thorium, and rare-earth elements 71 ___ ____ ___________________ _______ ______ Zirconium _____________________________ 283 285 288 291 293 294 299 300 308 309 .315 319 324 330 337 340 343 349 352 355 361 364 368 PART V -- DIRECTORY OF M IN ER A L PR O D U C ER S, DEALERS, A N D COMMERCIAL LABORATORIES______ 371 Directory of producers of metallic and uonmetallic minerals in California during 1948_________________________________ 373 Lift of ameltera and mineral dealers reporting purchase of metals produced in 1948_____________________________________ 418 List of mineral dealers, custom mills, and commercial grinding plants in California--------------------------- 419 Aat of commercial assay and testing laboratories----------------------42 ILLUSTRATION* F rtn liip lic i Map ( C ililoraU bovine the diatrlliuiinn <( principal miner) reaourrri Pag 4-6 Plata Plata 1. 2. S. 4. 5. 8. 7. 8 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 16. 10. 17. Map of C allfnraia ahowing diitribiiU on ot mineral i)ri>o*ili ; geomor- pble province of C a lifo rn ia .. _________ ___ . . . 18-19 A trial pboio allowing view north toward W hiterock IlluB, from aoutk honk of Cuyama l ll a tr ............................... .......... .............. .... 224-220 Aerial photo ahowlag riaw north toward NatWhlail dolomite quarry and ealciniog plant of K alatr Aluminum and Chemical Corpora tion near Hallaaa, U u a ltrry C o u n ty .. . . . . . . -- 224-226 A trial photo ahowing aca-water chemical |dant ami rrfrartnry brick plant of K alaer Aluminum and C heuirnl C o rporation ............. -- 224-226 A, pbuto abuwing C a b r e r a i Cement Company pbtnt, Han Andrtaa, C a b re ra County, il, l 'boto ahowing 1`c rm a n tu lt Cement Curo- peny plant, Perm anente, H anta C lara County - ----------------. - 224-225 A, Photo ahowing p lant of 11.8. Lim* Producta Corporation, Honora, Tuolumne Comity. H, Photo ahowing Roiicli-Thumpnoti pumice pit, Biakiyou County------ -------- -------------- ------------ ------------- 224-225 Aerial photo ahowing rlew caul toward clay pita a t lincoln, Placer C o u n ty _______... . . . . ------ . . . . . --------------------. . . 224-228 Photo ahowing K alaer Htrel C orporal loo`a b b a t furnace a t 1'on- tan a , Bau llernarillnu C ounty. ---------------------------- . . . . . . . . 224-226 A trial photo ahowing route of Pacific O la and Rleclrle Company' 34-Inch natu ral gaa tranaiuiHalon m ain. . ------------ - . ------------- 224-226 A , Photo ahowing M alabo! hydraulic p it a t N urtb IMoomAeM, Nevada County. B, Photo ahowing hydraulic mining at Relief H ill, Nevada C o u n ty ___ _________ ___________ j - ....................... 224-226 A , Photo ahowing Bbaata Dam, Rhnata County, il, Photo ibowing large obaiilluu fragm enta, near C lear I,ake, Lake C ounty............. .. 224-226 A, Photo ahowing kyanlle quarry near Ogllhy, Imperial County. B, Photo ahowing central part of Wealera (ate depoalt, Ban Beraar- dlno C o u n ty ---------- -------- --------- ----------------------------- -------------- 224-226 A erial photo ahuwlng rlew eaat toward atue king ground and reftarry, Lealie Halt Company, N ew ark, Abm yda County ....... ............ 224-226 Photo ahowing mill ot The Mountain-Copper Company, Ltd., Bbaata C o u n ty --------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- 224-226 A, Photo ahowing W entern Refractories Company' Toaemite pit, B ear C arbon dale, Am ador County. II, Photo bowing Dcaert M ate rial C orporation pumice p it. Coin R ange, Inyo C ounty.............. 224-226 A, Photo nhowlog Pacific Coaat Aggregate, Inc., dragline mining (ra re !, Centerville, Alameda County. B. P hoto ahowing riaw went toward Boekaway quarry, Rockawuy Reach, Ban Mateo County 224-226 A , Photo ahowing i . M. N ebon llaaalt Q uarry, Botano County. B, Photo allowing Tkompaon Divide Mining Company dragline dredge on T rin ity R iver above Lewlaton, T rin ity C ounty_______ 224-226 rco lU ) ) mine* ' commodities o r California IBv P a rti] BUKMART-- MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1947-1048 9 38 .he p r m le e to Iron, S .M M */ CmmMtf Tom Vain* Al* ......................................................... ....................................................... 1,002.204 21.270 224.770 r< i.t* 160(04 600.M4 ,,rophyll.te. _____ 1^ , , , . . r, j . . i ^ i . c . w . n P < h . riM Talc, loaptlom r. Tom Voluo 1 B utt.**......... .................... . ............................................ Coufe* ..................................................... ......................................... 174.120 4IB.4M 4*0.0 IlM * i El Dm* * ........................................ ................... ................. n*mo................................................................. ................. ................................................................ ............... ................................. 23,310 2.420 4.4*4.270 4.123,44 Couni *471.40* 1.140.244 141,411 .............................. ................. ................................................ to * A W * * ............................................ ................................................ Mm 4*M7................... .................................................. 1*7.1M> 58,130 U A I20 27*1l..*1lt M ^W nd^L Anin M*. *" ........................................... .M l *1,77,* O r * * ..................... .................................................. g w Sfera**-................. ' ................. ................... - ' ............. ..................... ; ........................................ ? ,|W 1 1*6.70 1.57 7*1.390 11.4 1,6*3,22 ISO. TU.au B a a l* * * ........................ ............................................ h a H i f e ..................... ' ......................... ........................ f e t i * * - ................................. .................................................... f e M CUa*.................................... ................................................ a*--......................................................... I " ............................................. a**-- ............................................. ................................................ ................................................................ .. ................................................... ............................................................... .............................................. ; v < * ........... ................................................................................................. OX*r -- fife ............................. 201.IHO 244.040 120.410 I77.T70 125.BOO tl.iOO 22.100 45,400 1(01,420 11,434(441 i , i *7,*42 I . * 10,4M 1 . * 1.244 *,* 0 7 ,4 111,144,44 I m Angelea County. , eoTieentratea mined and 048 totaled 1 767 ahort ton (60 percent hipped in California during 1948 , ^ ( . n u t t e ahowed W O ibaaia). The 1948 < i Z S perceniW O , ABrked increftae over th at of 1* 17 *t ,, operating propertiei haaia) worth $548,233 was hipped. Eighteen opernB i i rt ported ahipmenta of concentrate M0D0 San Bernar- J r e located in Alpine. Fresno, Inyo, Kern, Madera, Mono, d MorM. noce. cwM. w OmA*. **m Vrool:bto. I diao, and Tulare Countiea. . j ; f ilif o r m . during 1948 ` ^ rS L T S 'V .-or t a i l V U -M -- -- ____ , u . r o Mr , l C . K M l . < . i ^ BIon* 1*13*71 VMM U. . M 10,650,000 C S " m p,rt.nt prmhmtkm i . 000 pounds worth 1,310,43 in ivH , . fl Anaconda Copper Mvn- tW i w u mule . . the c U S S y T h e c !i. K Copper Kin* (* Qi*l*o- M uU i. To4*4o. SAort 1.4*0 .0U0 700 14.4(0 Valu tZ tS J H t 44(14 7(14 140.334 BbMlUXtt i.sn .0 1 0 1.312,0*0 3.140 770*40 1,473.130 *,742.7*0 ll.V 2 l.U 0 VnlvM 1 .4 H .* 1,374,0 (*.4M The average price of prime we8ternf,r " ? ivcrauc value of 10.5 1.*44.244 1,401,* 4 .4 4 1 . \ United Slatea Government premium. |ti*0*.W I ZheproimcUm* m CmUfarmi Ji. t , c mmniiot. M H 4.U Mi ***** Slrm diem . 5 S S = :::: J S S S t a t a 1MB in C elilorel ............................ 1 ^Sul/vr. The aulfur mined and one in Inyo Count came from two properties, one " * nroiMirtica in Inyo County. The 1947 aulfur output came from P . |c gopatonc, and P I1* Z r Soap'tont.and tolulcd `JH.Gel pb) im. mimd and shipped ^ "``^ C ^ i e r t i e , in E l D * { j S i r ! ton. worth W T O ,7 ^ ^ a n d e a n Diego Countie. Tm nvo Loa Angelea, Mono, San liernar i > r l , ,9 2. The m aten * i 947 output totaled Angeles Countiea was auapm-** 44 MINERAL COMMODITIES O f CALIFORNIA [B ui, Datali af la rra / yradarliaa for n e t raaafy. itiB a m i lt} 7 *--('# toward. fr a tta Cmty rii' i.M B. r-ar.agasa^ssar.T^i s -.-.-l. rT(. i m s a s a j i fu tu t 1*47 Quaalliy vlt* 1*44 QuMlity V ili* CUy prdi*ru, b m ty ck y (Mfcac U m pottery lM MimrUri)....... ...... -- Gold..................................... Oypoum, m U .................... Noterai m a.......................... Ntufi ff a n t o a m JM predaci,- Noterai Monti .......... . . . . (odooo ... Ao Ptt ratea......................... Rood ood gratal................... BUvor.................................... IlOM .................................... Tuiotioo iuralrato (10 WO. bom)............. tlooMWtlwoad ( n o toy aad iloino iodicoud by loolum 1) .................. Ut t OR434000 71.41*.000 UM QJOOQ 44. 117.000 1,021.112 17 144.410 t a .r u M 4,041.000 1 *00.000 J.444.000 Tl.S4U.00U 1, 141.144 13 243,431 ft 4*744 iM 40.444.000 1 23.771 7.224.001 78,423.000 22,242.000 4.MI.O00 932.*04 414,410 2,1*9,UM 1.400.004 111,920.004 1.022.021 414,44 11 1*411 17.44 44* 414,107 4124,420,2(4 Giann County I'rodurtloa In Olino County to 1047-44coaoktn i at natural (a* *o4 u n d ta d ( r i t t i Humboldt County IW lK t 1M7 Quaadiy V ai 1*42 Quaalily Vai Clay pradwra hrnvy day (Mb tbaa pauary Odd......................................iro rta m i Baad aad grani....................... bon tea* AUrr..... ,,.............. . Iroy oumm WM....................................... Ucci IMS Paappntiiaaad (n u day. aaturai e*. aad 13* 1*1,041 11 40.120 < 44.442 221.174 20 a 2.101 411*1*4 ft M .2U t MIO 1 Mt M t 114.MI 2407.M imporlo! County h rtll BUMUUY-- COKTKlUUTtONa Of COUNtlEd *0 OrUiii / Mineral prarfacliea /ar raeJk /0J8 aatf i 0+7 *--ra a lia tu d . Intra Cavnty *' --_ _ 1 M ut 1847 QuaalUy Valu IM Quaatiiy Valu C*par....................................... puuad mU...........................................uar ixiarm Laad.......................................... hon tarnt *aad ad ravd......................... da M w ......................................... iroy ouae M ta............................ .................................. f u ......................................... huri um M u r * ................................... lost u m Tf* ad pyrothylfau................. Urft ton Cm . . . ...................................... do CappnrtiiMMd (horon nAcr&U. tw t\%y4 iilfiiiin . lullet' rlH. nuilyldtruiii, pm*r ad purmriU. todiora *--!>. tua |M rflMwUUN, ad laut iudtcai. 0 by tUMU C.9C0 t I.2U.MI M.W) MM *. m I4I.790 6,U)0 9.U6.130 I.UC67I 114.471 .07 m .vn 1,841.41, K M .4M fl &&.0U S.7C4 KAM 10S 176 473,263 s i M.-Mrt 4,060 1.I7 IIU.7M 2.7U0 7041.840 111.837 tI7s0 1 471.14* I.239.&00 4.064,170 110,114,784 Karn Caunty Fradu 1047 Quaalily VkliM IU I Quaatity Vlu . Orn naaducia, h*ary elay (albM iaa woUery I W .U ................................. hactua CM4...... ................................. U*>y m m i fruii. rrud......................... h*t laas Makuai (M.............................. M eu .it . Ifaaual mWim ad UM imd<MU: Malapl |ara lwnatid yamUum |u n ---- da M aV iiii............................. . banal* ' Ibad erd p a n i.................... . bau toa Maar.......................................tray M u a l ftiapparunaad <Woron iuiaf*bt eto*t, f pm im ad puauciu, quaru, Ui. tun*- 0m MWMUtu, ad tiwa* ludicawd by 211.47 4.22t 342.877 4.743.000 134.430000 80.44t.000 UMAULOOO 404.47 7.444 1 t7.271 217.0441 4U.148 H144.000 4220.000 1,42.000 177741.000 71.817 *.84 > ll.llt.422 214,843 4.17 271.804 *.03,000 l 3,444,000 107.801.000 10S,20,000 441,484 13,404 1744,240 214.140 414.131 4.414.000 11,444,000 1.721.000 241,434.000 441.844 11.724 11,009,*71 1208,017,114 1241,771,121 i i O a* ! i [ i n i 1) * i "f a r < r i g * * ' t i 22 U I S H H M. COM MI>1)1Ti> OK I'Al.ltllBNIA nwru than tripled iu If) 1"anil fur several years following. From ITJ'J-.'M production emit mil'll at a '>1 tuns jut year average, hut from lT.t.'-4h Ho ttsltvstuK was produced in California. Production wn* ri-sti tiled in ptll ami Iimu continued in IIn* present at nil average rate of more than 100 tons per year, A ehrysotilc deposit 7 miles southeast of t'n)>|n`*i|>ilis, ( `Invert County, was one of tlu? first to la* systematically Work Iwgan in 1!M)4 ml continued interm ittently until Kqiiipuicid included * crusher, hammer mill, and compressor. A sum It Immune of liber wat prodm-cd ml used in acoustical uml fire-proof plaster. F urther exjwri- mental wttrk wandum* in l!l'27. A short-filsT chr.vsolilc was produced iu smull <fiwmtilt<*M between 11)17 Htul lf*-M from a serpentine area near Washington, Nevada ( `minty.1 Tlte ris-k wax mined in an o{n,ij pit and crushed in a Jd-shnnp mill equipped with nir-aucliou ami filierixcra, Tlte stumps were later replaced by crushing roll. t'hryaoiile in a serpentine M l nn Hie southwesi slope of Samps* Peak near IIemulate*, Sun llenilo County ,1was mined by bam) melluHU between li)'21 ami Tlte crude rr was run through a mill rousislmi of a crusher ami some air-suetiou e<|uipment. No dryer was iirlodcd ia the How sheet, ami the property wua worked only during tliedr.v srusnn. A small production of chrysolite from Monterey Comity uml amphi- bole from Hiversitle County was reported in These were used fur teat purpose* ami as packing in the imiunfueture of nutoiunbile battery boxes, rea|iectively. Clirj'aotile pr<s|tiee<l iu Xupu County during )0:):) :)4 was used he test purpose and for experiments in mill design. Short-ftlier ehrysotilr wna obtained from a deposit in -Steel Canyon. Xupa County* fru 1P41-45. The ore was mined rrmn an open eut. The mill eonaistetl of t jaw-crusher, rotary dryer, two cyclones, slinking screens, two dishtle graters. and a bagger. The product was used in plaster and stucco for fireproofing war-plant buildings. Hinull lenses amt pockets of Iremolite in peridotitc at Mcurs Creel in th> northwestern corner of Shu,sin C ounty1 have been mined, aid ahtpiM'd from 1!I4`J to tin* jirescid. This liber after hand sovting anJ ahippiug is processed h.v the I'owliutun Mining Company and made inU acid lllter pads for the 1i*h-Ii crucible* used in chemical lalwu'ivtorics. A vein of white slip-tilier tremulite is found near Iowa Hill. Pluw County, at the serpentinc-slulc heilnwk contact itt the old hydraulic- mine workings. The vein ranges from six to In feet in width and fiber* i ineliea long have been rejHirted. A small production of these libers ( use iu aciil filters lias been reiairtcd from 1H42 to the present. n*iu. Mu*.*tpcuun, .C.iAi*.. A iilm n i flvhl llvMttH--{.'Uttcra* C o u n t y : L'ulliorn)* M)n. IV# S n , l,. A., u iu\ FrutiVt*. I W I hH , Mlmn u m l n )lin r* 1 rcHiturce ut C u l * '* r * C o u n t y : C itlU uriiU I Me. U pl. 32, p. 1936. I * MMcMoyt, h'.rrttl, AHikh um l m h i c r u t rnMiurcc* o f .NVvudu C o u n t y ; C *l)fur* h] Mlft. H u r U . it*. *T-7o, I!)*. | * |*Jxurr. C. >t K, Han lU'itli" <'unity : C*itUim ntu Mtn. W\tv. Urfvt. 2?, un. 223, li.'t 1 Avi-rlll. 0. V., iliitCM a m t fittn*rul rc^tturvi-H o f S a n li c u itn C o u n t ) ; C a i l f o n i l * Ju-A ? Mhtvj* ui U*iofy, n. | j , 1`JlT. | *I>u \ Ih, rfHi*l<t)t K., Mlnr*x nut) fn)m.*r#V rt'^uurcvt* n( S u v a C .j u u iy : ( 'i IUctp* ] J n u r , i h i w * a n d Ua'lnw)-, p. UU, 1`j 4k W t' u v c f, Ch^rU*n K , *iciHa' um l uilni r n l iI | w*nUh i>f un u r t u n o r t h *( i W ) F mm H a y ; C ulifurttU . DU. M ine UuU. \{*>, t'jj. u i i r k t i , J . 1*., I ' u n . n i mi,,) m n i i acllvlUcM In Hi HvttdUig db*litrt * Cu. ,-iniiH Jour. M'n and , )>)i. 3 i M s - , lyi^ r Part lllj NONM t'.TAI.I.llS-- ASUKsTOS Asbcslox is of two commercial classes; spinning uiul non-spinning fiber. The hing. strong. Ilexiltlt* fillers are. spun into yarn, which is woven into heat-resisting fabrics such ux hruke lining, tup, and L-lolli. (.'hrysotile is liest uilaptol to this use, uttlunigli Ilu' better grades of oi-ociiluliu*. umosite, ami s nuetimes tremolite, can also lie muni. .Some of tilt' longer grade* are nsixl in magnesia bhs/k anil p i|k.*insulution insistin^r of Ho peeeent magnesia nuil 12 pen-cut asbestos. Here, as well aa ill cements, plasters, and molded ui'tielcs, the asbestos nets ns a biuiler. The shorter non-spinning grade* at e ntutlc into shingles, siding, utul payier. The use of asl>estu.s-eenieiit pipe fur (us, sewer, and water inuins u iiiereasilt. us this pipe is resistant to m-iil amt corrosion, ami is imiiiiulm-tive. ami shm-k-proof. The liln-r waste or shorts ure used in making aftbcstiis plaster, llooriug, ami us tillers in (.'reuse ami paint. The bast grade* of tremolite ami autlmphyllite are ueid-resislanl ami are used as alters in elteinieul lulsiralories. Tin- low-iron vuricty of chrysolite found 111 Arizona is valuable in making electrical insulation tapes. Many new Wars anil adaptations for asbestos fibeis are constantly being developed in the insulation and other industries. A typical example is the use of pray-coaled insulation for metal, eonerele, wood, and other surfaces. Minim) Me Ihodit und Tl^'uhll(ll^., lleeuuse Inruts cauimereial depoaUanf asla-stos auch a* those in (Quebec cover ext elusive art-Hs, und the fiber aiw-ut uf the laust rock uvi-ruge* only from 5 to 10 |K-rv.cnt, open-cut large-tonnage o|H`rations are almost always emtdoyi-d in the early stages tl development. 'I'hc rock is blasted, huided with power shovels, and tnickeil to the recovery plan. At u later periial in the life of a property wadervtrouud mining metbods may be introduced. Doth idirihkugc*Htt>pe tad block-caving methods have been successfully used for llmd-stage perat ions in the Canadian mines. Milling 1,1consists of separating the filter from the harren risk by lepctitivc crushing, aereoning, ami aiv-suetion, A typieal mill How sheet would include prim ary and secondary rock crushing to il-im-h size, furnace drying to remove moisture, and third-stage crushing to free the Iber. The third-stage crashing product, about 1-inch size, Ituws to a longitudinal shaking screen. Ucavity euucentratiim occurs as the mutcriul moves along the screen, producing u layer of light-weight fiber on top and a layer of heavier rock on the bottom. The light-weight liber is m oved through a suction hood installed at the end of the screen. The ersixe rock Hows over the end and the undersized rock drops through ike screen. The oversize is crushed to 1-ineh >dzc and resen-ened as nutiwed above. The undersize is fed to a filterizer, consisting of high-speed Ummers which break the rock by impact, inuking a further separation <1 rock and short libers. Tbe latter Hre separated by another suctionanvening operation. When free, the fiber is passed to a twu-levet sereen farsizr ehissifiealion. The shorts drop through both scn-euR, the mediumIwgih ttber is removed by air-suction from the end of the lower screen, ai the long fiber is similarly removed ut (lie end of tin* top screen. l/arJtrfi.11 Many of the world's lurgest nxltcstos companies mine awl null the crude mutcriul at company-owned deposits, und then muon- ^|i. DTifMcvipli-||ihiu(, Si-t rvturliti iSuih-rIvuii*'.h**((,.(AItii.rltlu. lui lH, in lh* A hI,hIih F acil.im k , Id fit, mi. rtmltJi, (!. V ., Ahiii'MoM fitittltttf MM'llt'dln ; At'lH'KlwH, vl. fi. hOrf, I, 4. fi, lii-H. KtIW'her. J. C.t Milling AMm-Moh, vul. 17, nnM. X 4, 6, 1*46. Homm, J . U .( a m i J v h k ln , U e u rg h \, m. ell. 124 MINKHAI. rOMMUlllTlEH O f IWl.IKOHSIA lU m . fui-Uire Ilio finished products in their own plants. OUu r producer* kj'U r < Z n e .* o raw material, citimi- directly or through agent* himI n tiu l.Vu. r cum*it is customary IW U.f pm iucer or dealer i t a I . . 1. or IN,-.. ,, .-r. *> UHUutlv on Un- type mol length of Klirr, but my Iho s,h-if.x fiber yLrenoth color, flexibility, andehviuivalcontent. li 194 high-grade Ciiimdiuh crude* ml HpiiiiiiMg 1'Ixth coniiimiiiW m, . e r i r , S 5 O H-r x ; * m. Only mic-tenth of 1 ,H-ree,,t 1 U,e ('m iuJi.n prmiurtiou was placed in tins classification. An n.lfnor- dinte grade of Canadian fiber* used m shingles und sliwtin * 'i r *f *107 iK>r short ton. Alwmt :I4 p c n n il of Uic pi-mlm-tion * ' l 1'* l *' j !..rv Short fibers averaged *4:1 per Ion, according lo tbf Department of MMiinneesit. P ro v in c e of QucIkh-, Canada." Moat of the iirmlm.-ti.ni, Ob pwecnl fell in this el The price on amupliibolf asbestos produced in California in 1H44 ranged Trout $ol) to ff'JUO per short ton deis'itding on iron content and `"' " The`irnedduuccttiion of asbestos in the CI'nitced States was apip.rroxiimmailrl. itUh.etllcXo)usnhtoryrrytt'atocnosnsi..nu..m..1.p.9.t4.i.8.o,na. nTd`hecusr'oruernctelsy constitutes ulmut 4 jM-rceiit of domestic ehrysnldc m r* err near and the (JIo Immn,iinnAaeers.;isx.o...o.f...n...Ta...h..e.A...uil.n.lmnpllidclnuaiuled Co., wnass near Kdni, nprnosdlmueed in Xerinont, and m o California, llcorgia.. North Carolina. The difference between domestic production i h | domestic demand was Imlnm-ed by the importation of 7.1*1 uri >J* sliestus miner Ik from foreign deposits iinadmii chi vsotil. fn * Die urovilice of Quebec accounted for aland 14 jmreei-nntt onf the iin|iorU or 44 Silfi net shdrt Ions according to the V. S: Itnreuii of ( Misitv Thj reuminder of the imported tlt>er originateli ehietly m Sonili Africa ani consisted of aniosite. ero.id.dit... und ,hrys.d. le. An extensive i> n m Tf underground development and milt expansion is underway m < *nmk to meet the increasing demand for Canadian chrysolite. ASPHALT AHO BITOlDNODS ROOK Uv . tiHus.s 11. U a sc io h /tt The um or nHtun.l Cidifm .ua aspl.alt hu* b.-ei. trm ed bu. k ti. pre hisluric time wl.e,. Indians ose.l it tu ciiulk Unur |dak eanoes .. lk m nt of r..... in California. hs-ul so u ic* nf n.sphall mU bitumimms rock were iw d Tor surfacing. In later years. was replaced bv tl.r heavy product* ..r pelroh-um refineries hielt I proved to be nmn- uni form, of higher grade, ami to |-r>mt bet ter coati* . Tim ta n * pr.s1iirti.il of mi,und asphalt was d tirij the t e a r s 1910 ami lu ll ; in 1947-4 U.rre was only one producer in tk state 111 the last few w ars there Inis beni renewed title rest in the larp deposits of biliiuiiimiLs rack of .entrai and southern t s 1 possible Houree of" raw, omtrrnd for jsiwer devrhipnieiit. Mild as a uutw hoHire of iH'lroleimi ARlimliwi't:'IHMMlhiwUlralsi*iViuit-tniit<l*f%'iaV.**rtt.i:|S |i. IUMl>v. , AV., ml MsrKli, Is .flli) L () ^ n- i.v ... ..mi....... .Iirnlu' I >lv. MIih-r Hull ' I '. !> I. m il. Part III) N0N'UKTALI,U'rt--AS1*11AlyT, ETC. l25 Comi>osition. Naturul iisjdmlt eoiisists of lieavy liipiid, semi-Kolid, nd solid bydi-oearboii residm's left when liipiid petrolenm migrates upward into surfnee ami iirar-stirfiiee rocks and soil and loses its lighter fractions by evaporation. This process rrsnlts in various t.ypi*s of accumu lations of bituminous material, fr-nii seeps ami pools of almost pure heavy pi-trolviiiu to rock in which dry petroleum fills n fraction of the pore spare. Snell terms os " tnr Mind," "oil shale," and "asphalt rm-k" ire included in the more general term "bititmiiioiis rack," which refers to utiy rock tarrying a substantial amount of petroleum. The so-eulle.1 " oil shale" in California contains hydr.Mmrlsni.s in the form nf natural petroleum, while elsewhere, as near Kille, Colorado, the term "oil shales" ay refer to rocks tlad em tuin a ntriMm compound, re fe rrd to as kerogrn, which is not petroleum, but which may be processed to yield petroleum prialnets. Various peculiar hydrocarbon Kiibstsm-cs which ure usually con sidered ns seiwrate minent! sjierirs. hut an* closely related to asphultum (the general name applied to pure solid asphalt), ure found in widely attiarated localities in tlm Ciaist Hunges of California. Kxumples arc uuHiHr, foiiml at SisipiiH- in Sniila Harlmra County; umber, found in the Sinii Valley in Ventura County; curtixilr, oeeiirring in serpentine San Kruncisco, and with eiunulmr in Lake, Napa, ami Sonoma Coun- tWa; arui/ulilr, associated with cinnalmr in Napa hu.1 Sants Clara Cmui- tiea; n<t)MiUlt . fmiml in cinnalmr mines in Napa Com ity; ami jmcpnytf, occurring in the cinnabar mines of Imke and Napa Counties. Clii'miciiUy, they arc hydriK-arbons, consist ing of coiiiikmiiuIh of hydrogen uml carbon, fleii with oxygen also pres.-lit. These pm-uliar hydrocarbon minerals have not proved to be of cuitintrrciiil imian-lnm-c in Cali lorn in. (inwrtil UeoluQic Ovvnrn ttre. The bitiiminoiis nudci-mls that are Isuml in hitumiiioussaiulstone and shule and in nil nr tar see|>s nrigiuatcd is organic shales and migrated in a tluid state into porous and perme able reservoir rock sm-ti as samUtone, i-ouglnnieraie, dintninite, ami fractured aliale and chert. The organic source slmlea in California range ia age from Cp|H-r dm-assic to Pli.K-ene, but .Miocene .slude, jnelmling dialomite, is nearly always round ill the areas of bilmaimnis rock mid appears to huve been the nm.jor source of the petrolenm. lairge arens of bituminous rock represent oil sands or shales which have been exposed by erosion, allowing evajairution of the lighter petioleum fractious; the exposed sands may grade down dip into wet oil surnls in pubic of yielding ati by drilling. In sm-li risks the natural tar seal aids in trapping liquid petroleum at depth. Tur M-cps, ilcposits of uhjiIiuI1inn, uml biUimiuoiis tamlslone in zones of fracture, faulting, and severe folding, roniinoidy ei-ur uloug fold axes, at contact surfaces between different rock types, aailalong Is'ildiog |ilanes in stratified rocks. Dikes ami sillsof bituminous andxtom- are also couunoii; some iuv large eiiougli to be of eonnnereial ba|Kirtaio-e. Pressure from earth movements and overlying roriiiatimis h cei-a tin- easily .leformeil and relatively plustiu nil sands along zones m planes of relative weakness. Asphalt, bitnoiimnis rock, nod tar si-e|>s are funud quite gem-i-ally bi the petnilenm-priuhu-iiig areas of the stale. In tin- early history oT drilling in Califoi'iiia, w.-lls were most often located by sncli signs withfit regard to geologic roi'iniitiuns or slnietnre. The must norllierly dl Ms-ps in California are in wnithei-n llomhohlt County, where they LO 2?G MINERAL C01IM Onmt-.s OV ('AI.IKUKMA m u ii . itlt rlioxitlr is oxidized tn sulfur ttioxidr-, platinum. or vnmuliuni pontnxiilr is used as it catalyst. Tlir sulfur trioxide is suliM'ijiii'idly absorbed in con centrated sulfuric ncid.1 Hydrogen siilhilr gas used in making sulfuric arid ia selectively absorbed from oil-refinery gases by lii|ui(| sisliuni phcnolutc. It is Utrr regenerated from solution.* Vh!nation. Sulfuric m-id is used in greater vulinne imd Inis awer applications than any other induxtrial cliriuicnl. As it is used by nearly every industry, the demand Tor sullm-ic acid is an ucciiruto and sensitive indicator of general business conditions. Sulfuric acid is the cheapest m id per unit of chemical activity, lu outstanding chemical characteristics arc its ability to decompose moat metals and other aulwtHiiees, to remove organic matter, and to neutral alkalies. Among it* most ini|sirtnnt industrial uses arc the manufactureo( fertilizers, soap, paper, storage batteries. ami explosives. It is also widely used in processes of Hrclrnpluting, electrodeposit ion. and oil rcliuiiig. Marketing. Marketing or sulfuric arid is generally restricted tn ureas surrounding centers of muuufaeture. This is necessitatis! by it* bulk, the expense of packaging, ami the high cost ami danger of trim* porting the acid compared with like considerations in transporting sulfur pyrites, ami niter used to produce it. 1'rices vary widely, depending on tiie lot aisea and the aren of product ion.* TALC, SOAPSTONE, AND PYBO PH YLLITE ' U r I.auiisn A. WsiuiiT The comnnslitics tale, soapstone, ami pyrophyllitc customarily are discussed as a group, and the II. S. lturenu of Mines combines the annual production of these materials in a single figure. The pyrnpliyilite occur rence* of California, however, can be conveniently considered separately and ure included under a scpurulc heading of this section. In 1948 the state's combined product inn of tale, soapstone, and pyrophyllitc wi nearly ll)0,U(M) tons. In recent year* talc mining has increased sharply and pyrophyllite has been mined in ipuuitity for the first time. Nuupstoiie, as a relatively' impure variety of tale, was mined in t'alifni'nia long before the. tin t production of either pyrnpliyilite or higlMpiaiity talc. The Houpstonc output, however, lias always been small compared with the current output of liigli-ipmlity tulc. TALC AND SO lfPSTONE Mineralogy ami Geology. To the mineralogist " ta lc " is a distinct mineral species with a composition of H-Mg.iiKiOn)., but in commercial usage the term commonly alludes to a mixture of minerals most of which arc high-magnesium silicates. The mineral fulc is usually, hut not neces sarily, a prominent constituent. Other common minerals in s iie li mixture include tremolite It'aaMg.-.Si.OwiUll)], serpentine (a hydrous mag nesium silicate), chlorite (hu alnmino-silicatc of iron and magnesiumV ' K iilrllc, A. Bulfurta m id m n n u fiiclu re, pp. ll- I H . N ew York, IlcinhuM ! i lle h tn ij Cii., m t . 1Hiin'kmttu, U t H ln tu lu u l o i l v iu tu IIuk M iUur rv c u w r y w\ y\\ Svviu.iV d l l m h I Cat* J o u r . , vol. :t!i, im, ;':i, p. V i, ISi.lti. l. Krt*pi, T. J., I'rtMH,' IMl. Thr rt'idfoiMirH of tli* Nulfurli- ftcM Im liof/T, )p. f.j.sl, Sin,./.* P a rtlin .NON Ml.TAl.l.IlH-- TAU:,--*TC. 77 anlliopyMite | ( M<.r,Ke)1Si..(KsiO il 1|, olivine f(Mg.Kel-iSiO], enrlam- ate minerals, anil ipmrtz. The ehetaienl com positions of many commercial ales, therefore, do not approximate the composition of the pure mineral.1 The industrial usage to which the material is put determines whether a particular mineral of this group is iM-neficial, harmless, or undesirable. So;ipr,|ithc commonly contains n higher proportion of the mineral tale than do some commercial " titles." Hut the term soupHtooc, as ordi- aarily used, implies the presence of impurities that prevent the use of the material a* n high-grade commercial tale. Compactness is ulso an implied characteristic of soapstone. Commercial talc deposits arc ordinarily alterations of dolomite, limestones, or nltrahasic rocks. Most of the talc now produced in Cali fornia has altered from dolomite or limestone.. The soapstone deposits are most commonly' associated with bodies of serpentine or tnic-uctinolite whist. Talc D cim ilx of Kaslern California. The tale deposits in Cali fornia that liuve formed by the nlturulion of dolomite or limestone arc largely runflned to a iiOO-mile belt which parallels the Cnliforuia-Nevada line from the Inyo Range, Inyo ('minty, southwestwsrd to tiic vicinity sf lluker. Sun Iternardiim County. Included in this bolt are three, contrailing talc-bearing areas which have, been designated respectively ns the Inyo linage, southern Death Valley-Kiugstou linage, and Silver iatke talc provinces.* Kadi pruvim-e contains de|msita wiiielt an* geologically similar. Kadi ulso contain* a mine which was first opened in the period 191.7-19 ami which has since produced more than 11X1,000 Ions of talc. Inyo Itunyr Crnvince. Most of the talc deposits of the Inyo Range province are exposed on the cast and west slopes of the range itself and in an area between Darwin and Keeler near the southern end of the range. The tulc in this province lias funned by the hydrothermal altera tion of l'uleor.uic dolomite nml, to a lesser extent, of silica rock and granitic rock* Many' of these deposits contain talc of the. type known tn the ceramic industry as " steatite." Steatite is nn uunstiully pure Material which is composed almost wholly of the mineral talc and which ran be used as an mgivdient in the manufacture of high-froipiency insu lator Isslies. .Magnesium silicate minerals other than talc arc uncommon ia the Inyo Range deposits. Individual talc laalies iu this pruvinee are rharactcristienlly pial-likc or irregularly shaped. The largest known bodies, however, are more regular than the average and have lengths of more than fi()0 feet and maximum widths of 50 feet. In many of the dr|sisits the alteration Inis apparently been guided by shears and fractures. The Tulc I'ity mini', about 111miles southeast of Keeler. Inyo County, kas produced over liIXUKK) tons since 1915 when it was first worked. This tithe largest output of any tale mine iu California. During World War II this property was the nation's principal source of stcutitc which was critically needed iu Ihc manufacture of electrical equipment for the armed forces. 1 In 1hln r e p o r t th e t e r m " i n l r , " nnlt-M n lh c rw l* # q u a li fie d , will ba u*ed In IU com* a rreialWnrnl*uhnti.nLr.. A., rnJIfnriilu lair*: Min Knu . vn|. 1117. nn. 1, pp, Jan. 10&0. 1 riitft', tl. M., S o m e C tilliu r a lu l a k n uf vi c ull tc ( t r a d e : Mtn. a n d Ind. New, vol. 19, \, >. I t . Jun. 1 5 U . CD > 278 Ml.S'KitAL I t i l i MOUITlta OK CAlilKOHNU [B U l Tlie White Mountain mine, on the southeastern flank of the Inyo linage, was also an im portant war time steatite producer. This mine was first worked ia 1935 and lifts been operated nearly continuously dur ing the past 10 years. Approximately 15 other tal mines in the province have been active in the pnst, but none have total outputs comparable with those of the Tale City and White Mountain properties. Southern Death Valley Kingston Range Province. Another prov ince that contains geologically similar talc deposits extends from the southeast portion of the Panam'mt Range eastward cross the souther cad of Death Vallc.v to the east side of the Kingston Range. In this ares all of the commercial talc has formed by the alteration of the lowernmel carbonate beds in a late pre-Catuhrian sedimentary series. At or near the base of the carbonate beds a diabase Bill is everywhere present and it in contact with or proximate to the talc bodies. The talc, carbonate strata, and diabase are all part of the Crystal Spring formation. At several localities the taleose horixoa is exposed for a distance of well over a mile, but commercial talc concentrations within it are ordinarily less c-oa- tinuous. . Though all talc deposits in this province have nearly the same strait- graphic position, they differ markedly in mineralogie detail. Home dcpiiu consist almost wholly of fibrous or micuccous varieties of the minnal talc. Other deposits contain two or more types of commercial tale. Them types include compact, fine-grained and thinly laminated trcumlile rock; coarse-grained mixtures of treuiolitc, and the mineral talc; and a mas sive, crudely laminated variety of the mineral talc, as well as the fibrom and micaceous types. . The Western mine, immediately south of Tecopa Pass in San Ber nardino County, has been the principal talc producer in the proving. Since the property was first worked in 1917, it has yielded well one 150,000 tons. Most of this production has come from a single taleose mm which is more then 5000 feet long and from 20 to 90 feet wide. The sms is underlain by a diabase sill and overlaiu by siliceous dolomite. W ithiu recent years several other properties in the province haw become active. These include the Excelsior mine on the west Hank of the Kingston Range; the closely grouped Monarch, Pleasanton, and Ibn mines at the southern end of the Ibex H ills; the Superior and White Cap mines near Saratoga Spring at the southernmost tip of Death \ alley; and the Warm Spring mine in W arm Springs Canyon in the aoaiheastern portion of the Panam int Range. The general geologic features* all of these properties arc similar to those of the Western mine ami soav of the deposits are being worked on a comparable scale. At the Superiw and W hite Cap mines the commercial tale bodies lie beneath, instead d above, the diabase sill. Numerous other talc depoaita in the province hate been mined in the past and still others remain to be developed. At leal three arc scheduled to be worked for the first time in 1950 or 1951. Silver Lake Province. The southernmost province in the eastten California talc-bearing belt ia in the vicinity of Silver Lake, Ran B nardino County. Three properties are currently active in this area. TV largest of these operations, the Silver Lake mine, is about 10 miles north, northwest of Baker. It has been operated since lillfl, and has yirU*4 nproximately 150,000 tons of fair and tale-trrmolite rock. The ram- ,-rcinl bodies are in a persistent feldspar- and diopside-rlcli mr' P arlili] NOKUKTAlXICtt-- TALC, ETC. 79 of a highly metamorphosed sedimentary series. Igneous rocks tlmt ruugu from mafic to felsic in composition have extensively invaded tlm nictiiediiiicuts. Individual talc bodies, the largest of which has an HOO-fnot wrfaec exposure, arc narrow and lenticular, and represent u nearly complete replacement of carbonate strata. Most of the tale is highly trciiioiilic, but relatively pure concentra tions of the minerad talc arc common next to the foutwalls of the com mercial bodies. Tule concentrations also occur, though leas commonly, within the talc-tremolitc bodies and next tu their bunging walls. iu the Silver Lake province two other deiiosits, the Culmaail and Pomona mines, are being worked. These arc in the vicinity of Yucca Drove, about 12 uiriinc miles north-northeast of the Silver Ijuke mine. Here, as at Silver Lake, the tale bodies are tremolitie and represent alter ations of carbonate strata in metasedimentary rocks. Here, ulso, igneous lacks arc extensively exposed. Talc and Soapstone Dlpunts of the Sicrrnn FoothiU Belt. In Cali fornia the tulc-rich rock obtained from deposit* iu the tule-aetiuolite schist and serpentine bodies of the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada has ordinarily been called soapstone. The high iron content typical of this material has made it unsuitable for most of the uses cited lor the so-culled high-grade tales. Though mined iu much smaller quuutity than talcs of the eastern California belt, the soapstone has been in steady deinund for many years. Relative nearness to marketa and inexpensive mining favor the development of these deposits. Since 1895 soapstone production has been recorded from 17 prop erties in seven Sierran foothill counties. Previously, soupstonc had been mined and used as &construction material in this area, but specific data aw this earlier production arc not available. Most operations were small, Md but few continued for periods greater tbnn 10 years. The Swift deposit near Latrobe, E l Dorado County, was operated during the period 1916-24 and was again worked for about 4 years begin ning iu 1936. The Prouty talc mine, 1J miles south of -Shingle Springs, I I Dorado County, was worked interm ittently from 1919-28. The McLean deposit in llutte County was worked from 1923-40, snd the Pacific Min erals Company deposit, about 3 miles northeast of Latrobe in El Dorado OMnty has been worked from 1929 to the present. Other properties contributing soapstone within the last 30 years include one in B utte County, two in Calaveras County, three iu K1 Dorado County, one in Tulare Cuunty, two in Tuoluniuo County, ami i n in Amador County. Miscellaneous Tale and Soapstone Deposits. Taleose material has aim been produced from several of Iter deposits scattered throughout the Mite. Talc deposits on Santa Catalina Island, which were worked iu the Mghteen-nineties, are among the first for which there is a recorded out- CL In 1917 and 1923 a small amount of taleose rock is reported to liave m obtained from a deposit near Acton, Jyos Angeles County. Since 1M0 talc has been interm ittently obtained from the Qaniin mine, n gold property near Schilling, Shusta County. Tho talc bodies nt the Ganim miwc are in an altered zone in meta-undrsitc. Uses and Marketing of Talc and Soapslone. Most of tho tide mim'd |i California is milled in Los Angeles; the remainder is processed at |lanU in the desert area, in the San Francisco Bay area, and "t Ogden, 418 MINCHAIj CdllM dlllTIKS OK PAUKOUNlA a I S SI lti 1 * i S, * lI ni l t i in s ' 1 il P ] S lip] n {3 \s n h \ n M ?-s H ill!h u t LIST OF SMZLTEK3 AND MINERAL DEALERS REPOS' Pirt VJ directory LIST OF MINERAL DEALERS, CUSTOM HILLS, AND COMMERCIAL QRINDINQ PLANTS IN CALIFORNIA FIRM iae rlc a a .Mineral Co., MO Mlitdnn lid .. Id Angeles, Cnilf. AUltu, K rall A Co., XU C alifornia St. t i n Francisco 4, Calif. SaraId Bale Dlvlalon, V ilkm il l e u l Co., Kkt Ducommun B t, lo i Angelra, Calif, fcnhop Concentrate k C lran ln t Co., Bishop, Calif. B d, H a rry B-, Co., 5U9I Alhambra Are., I Angetea, Calif. oe S ta r Mlnra, Lid., WT H. Anderson, l m Angela, Calif. IMilt a t Z ttrieh) M D m . k Co., Ml Market fit., fan Francisco 5, Calif. SraAWj k E M m a , CU Market St., Ran Prnnelseo 11, Calif. Bnadcy-Dunaldson Co., 157 Howard St., San Frnndeo 8, Cnilf. ad .W pO E. Rinomili Are., Itaalinglon Park, ('a)if. anna lira., Rmutmond, Calif. SMlr l/Nle Minili Oo., Randahurg, Calif. fkoMarrrial M ineral# Co., tin Irwin R t, gaa Franeinro 7, Cnilf. airy Chemical 1-sbornione*, Hat 238, Ororllle, Calif, ay)re S ta r M lnra Co., Hid., Grami ViiIley, Calif. Meeker Co., WOH. MinxIon IU ,, Ion Angelin, Cnilf. Bill llron. Chemical Co., *l."4i lln.r Bl., lo t Angrlcn, Cnllt. Baath-y Indimi rial Minorala, r. O. Ilo .103, Riako|i, Cnilf. Mantrl il Mineral & Chemical 0. 108 Oilman Bt., Berkeley, Calif. Setaerlv Mineral Co , M d R, Olympic n in i.. i Angele, Cnilf. NOTES (.'ninnerei) grinding of mlnernln. Healer In tungaten urea, m ercury, gypmtm mid llmeroek. Tuie and other aolt non-metallle mineraln ground by contract or purchaacd. CiiKtom mill ; parehaae tangnten orra and bane meta) orra. Healer In Iniluatrlal and and aillca produci. Heiller In title, clay, and linienlone. 1tinier in export mineral. ltenler In all commercial alaerala. Itenler in Kind, d a y , limeatnne, dolomite, aail other minerali. CiiNtoni ryanlile mill. Hold and ailtrer orca purchaacd. Cuatom am algam ation mill, gald-atlver ore. Commerrliil grinding by contract or min erale purchased. CuHtom mill for black landa. Amalgamation and cyanide mill! gold ore purcbnacd. Clny grinding plant ; noo-metaltle min e rali grmuol by contract or purchaacd. (rinding aahraloa, and mutimi milling of Minili Iota of oft nuii-mctallic Mineral. 1ten 1er In talc, pyrophyllite, a benton, and gurnet annda. .Vonm e ta ll/e mineraln ground hy contract or porehnacd. Nou-RirtnlHc mlnernln ground by cunlract or purehaacd. l; \ f' . ki ll > i ii k` 282 tn.vKXAi. n w M o o m K H o f cat-i f o r m * 1. i t t ndnlusife deposit dewrilied in the section on andidii.sitc. kynuite, ml illimanitc in thin bulletin. Pyrophyllite is now )*eing obtained t opera tions nonr (lie north tititl south ends of a pyrupliyllif in zone which u cx|)uwd fur h ilist inice uf wlsud 2 miles along the lower west fnec of tin* W hile Mountains east uf the Hhealy rail siding. The pyroplivllitie zone lies to the west of the quartzniic, aiidaiusitr-lrnring zone ml is. itself. Isinlcrcd oil the west liy uiieHeeous schists. Surface exposure of th* pyrophyllilie tone are commonly several humlred feet in width, tlinuttli not all of the zone has re t proven to be of commercial material. Doth mine ro ipisrrving operations. i 'vrophyllite has also been obtained from n recently dfvelo|*ed dr|*>it about i) miles north-northwest of Abcrderit, Inyo County. Here a p?n*phyllitic layer is overlain by erinoidal limestone. The extent of tbc de|su is largely obscured by alluvium which overlap it on three ides.4 Since 1M5 pyropliyllite has been obtained from the Pioneer mine is the Han Dieguito area of west-central San Diego Counly. The pvro- phyllite bodies are elongate lenses representing the alteration of Jurassic { T) volcanic rocks which are interm ediate to felsic in composition.* Exposures of the pyrophyllite-bearing volcanic are confined to an area of npiiroximatcly 1 square mile. The prim ary layering in the vol canic ami the long direction of the pyropliyllite lenses generally strike northwest. The highest grade pyropliyllite w hist is n lens at lenst Ififl feet in* nnd If* feet in average thickness. The main workings arc open cuts and have Imtm developed prim arily in this body. U.tet of PyropkyUilr. Pym pliyllitc ami talc are employed in nuur similar uses, though in California and throughout the world talc is mined in much larger quantity. In recent years pyropliyllite has been used priiiei|*al)y as an insecti. cidc diluent, and as a filler in hard rubber. It is also employed as a raw imiteriiil in the iiisnufiii'tiirc uf wall tile him) refractory ceramic bodir* Other nmtcriuls in which pyrophyllite serves effectively as a filler inrlui!e roofing, cotton cordage, textiles, special plaster, paper, oilelolh ami linoleum, plastics, and wnip. Small amounts have been used as a base far cosmetic preparations. Nouriy all of the pyrophyllite mine} in California to diilc lias been marketed as insecticide dust, hot in niid-19-DI material from the Huntley deposit in Mono Comity waa being shipped to the Im Angeles area as a red-burning tile ingredient. Processing and Prices of PyropkylUtc. Like talc, pyrophyllite dry-ground to a fine size and to standard grades. California o|*eratur have valued unground pyrophyllite at the mine in the range of 111! Is $20 per ton. <O Ja alikncaa,hont.t, O. II., D., oral communication. and Lnncv, J. K. (colofy of tha San Dlerulto pyrophylllU ar*a San Dlvgo County, California, In preparation. o <q< PART IV METALS CONTENTA I* ALUM INUM ............ 280 A N T IM O N Y ........................- .............-- 288 AIHMI'TII ............. 21U CAD M IU M ..................................................... 208 OIH OM 1TK .......... 204 0 0 IIA I.T ......................... 200 o o m : n ________ sno fE H H O -A U L O Y H ..............- ................. 80 O U J ................. 300 l O X ................. 310 LEAD 310 MANOAN KMB ..................... 324 mi MKTlCimY . . -330 MOLYIIDRN1IM . . .... 837 I'I.ATlNUM AND ALMKD MKTALM ........................... NO KI.VKH . . .................... ......... . 343 TIN . .. . 310 t it a n iu m . .............. .. . nsa TNNUHTKN .. MO URANIUM , T llim iU M , AND ltA Ittt-K A K T ii KM4MKNT8 3(11 BINO . -. 14 K I1IC O N U JM .................................. 308 280 MISKKAl. CUMXOUlTlt* OK CALIFORNIA . 1M P a r t i l i] NONllKTAl.t.IVS-- I'YKUCIlYliUTK 281 2 Utah. Milling conHints simply of dry grinding, but cart' is taken to main tain Klandard graded. Much of the tale in wild unblended, but the blending of different talc types is a common practice. Most of the pust production of talc and soapstone from the Sicrran foothill belt has been (used ns it tiller in the manufacture of roofing. In recent years the material Inis been used principally as an insecticide dust. More than half of U aliforiiia's current talc output id consumed by Mining Methods. In California tale mines, underground methods the ceramic industry. Steatite from the Inyo Hunge in ship]cd to fac re ordinarily employed, though i teently a relatively large tonnage of tories in the eastern United Stutes where it is used as the principal raw talc at the Silver latkc mine hus been removed in surface operations. material in high-frequency insu tutor bodies. A large part of the produc Early operations a t the Tale City mine employed a glory-hoie tion of both tremolitic and non-trvmolitie tale mined in the Death Vallry method, but underground envitig was later used. More recently the ore and Silver Uake areas is marketed as an ingredient in wall tile. The prin has been removed from overhand Htopes that are attpimrted by timbers cipal market for this product is in the Los Angeles area, but wall-tile u lr here necessary. is also shipped to other western cities. Smaller i|uantities of California tale arc used aa raw material in other ceramic ware. In the early development of moat of the talc mines in the southern Death Valley-Kingstou Itange area adits wore employed. B ut in their Most of the remainder of the tele produced in eastern CidifurinM io later histories mining by shafts or winces has become necessary. Pro ; consumed by the paint, rubber, and textile industries. The filirous talc* of the Death Valley urea arc widely used hr a paint extender and for duction at the Western mine is currently obtained through inclined Aaftsatmeeil at intervals along the lab* body. From these and appended tlih purpose are shipped to many out-of-state consumers. The fibroin trout-ruts, d rifts have been driven nhmg the. deposit. Most of the tale talcs arc also marketed to textile mills in the cnKtcrn United Stales. Talc baa been removed by overhand sloping. A similar method 1ms been is marketed to the rubber industry both ns a filler and as a liilirieiuit employed at the .Superior mine. Smaller amounts arc used ip iimectiride carriers, in cosmetics, and for The Monarch mine lias lme developed by successively longer adits various minor induirtriul applications. that have encountered the deposits at successively deeper points. Square set timbers have been extensively used in stnping at this property. The tale bodies at Warm Spring are mined by closely spaced pnrallal adits I driven from a canyon wall. The adits are joined by low-angle raises that an progressively enlarged to form a modified room and pillar system. The steeply dipping deposits at Silver Tmke have been most com monly developed by shafts tiiat arc sunk to the keel of the. deposits. At several levels d rifts sre driven to tliealong-strike limits of the ore bodies; the tale is removed by overbuild sloping amt is hoisted to the surface. v The talc and soapstone milieu of the Rierrnn foothill hell hnvc been ihirfl> quarrying operations. V rictsaf Tula anti Snapslnnc. The value of California talc ns mined has been, in general, difficult to delermine because the producers ordi narily m arket the talc ufler it is transported to Ihe mill, ground, and mrked. In reernt years, producers in the eastern tslc belt have set. values imaging from $10.0(1 to ilfl.fkl per ton fur material nt the mine. Roap- Wone from the Sierran foothill belt has hern valued in the range of $.1.00 to 110.00 per 1on at the mine. PYROPHYLUTE M inn alarm anti Gtnlngie. Orr urrnicr, Pyrnphyllite f Al-..Si|0,,, (Dfllsl has physical and optical properties similar to llmsc of talc; hut musins aluminum insteml of magnesium. In California, ns elsewhere, the geological occurrences or the two minerals are dissimilar. Most of the Namerein I deposits of pyrnphyllite have formed by alteration of acidic vmlesnic rocks. B ut p.vwphyllile nlso lias been noted in metamorphosed sdintriitnry rocks and in nr along gold-quart* veins. Localities. The emumereiid production of pyropbyllite in Onlifor- sis was recorded for the first time in Four properties, two in Mono raimly and one each in Inyo ntul Run Diego Counties, nre currently dive. The two pyrnphyllite pro)terlies in Mono County nre in the belt t l highly metamorphosed ruck which eimtains the Wh> Mountain