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FILE NAME Corning OC DATE 1968 Mar 5 DOC OC456 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION Feasibility Study - Alternate Process for Manufacture of High Temperature Insulation cC 7 0 1 _ Mr. B. E. Boyd Toled R. F. Shannon Granville FEASIBILITY STUDY - ALTERNATE PROCESSES FOR MANUFACTURE OF HIGH TEMPERATURE INSULATION Dota March 15 1968 . + Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. E. Gay Tolod R. S. Grant Toled M. Hardwick Berlin R. J. McEvoy Granville C. Staelin Toledo R. P. Witschen Toledo Central Files , asked me to take a good hard look at the various processes Last January you for the new Southwest Kaylo facility under consideration and which summarizes our study of every known Attached is a copy of my report I reduced the list to just three processes which pmerroictesfsurtAhseryocuonwsiildlerantoitoen for installatiothne new facility They include pan pouring filter pressing bonded aggregate which must be resolved before any final selection The most important question of asbestos Silihoff Because of of process is made relates to the use of Multi in my report I also included an evaluation tAhfitserpraolblleimt is the only asbestos free product available strictly on a technical Unfortunately I had to compare thaet vtahreiomuosmepntrocteossmeaske a recommendation the basis I am not in the position we should select for combination of processes as to the procesosr the lack of cost data As soon as cost projections new facility because of still under considera- are completed by Gay and Brooks on all of the processes as to which process will be able to at least make a recommendation to come w teiofneew le offers OCF the best product and gross margins in the years overload of the advantages and disadvantages of I am sure you are already aware has a lot of merit It Berlin's pan pouring process Filter pressing molded the product is precision produces a stronger better looking product Bonded aggregate products and the process itself is highly automated shortcomings They break as they now exist on the marhkaentdlheadve Wsheyriotuhsen would we still want to consider their breakage easily in transit and when ever solves is if Philip Carey this process The reason the market It is precision problem they will have the best product on repellent higher temperature molded lends itself to automation is water but not least is the fact resistant and is a autoclaved product Last made asbestos free The only reasons for the product it has the best chance of being is already available Multi are the facility overload considering and it could relieve some of the current is free of asbestos fibers at Berlin especially in the block market It is my hope this report and disadvantages of each a much better position of best for the new facility gives you a better insight Once we got cost process making a recommendation as and for the 1970+ market as to the advantages data we will be in is to which process 3 PLAINTIFF'S | EXHIBIT 394x INTRODUCTION market for Kaylo pipe and block has made it necessary for OCF The expanding the Berlin operation again in 1968 but also to consider n t only to expand the Southwest The problem facing Management building a new facility in be installed at the new facility is defining the type of process to today one of the more automated processes Should it be Berlin's pan pouring process developed by our competitors or a combination of processes Also to be considered by Management is whether Multi has a place in the high tempera- ture market of the future R decide which process or combination of processes is most To help Management at the new Southwest facility Kaylo R & D carried suitable for installation for the manufacture of high out an intensive evaluation of all known processes insulation products A lack of cost data on competitive processes temperature for us to limit this study to strictly a technical comparison Fade it necessary rather than a more preferred technical evaluation d ) SUMMARY o The Kaylo R & D study confirmed the fact no other product can compete with Kaylo block made by the pan pouring process It is by far the best on the tends to delaminate bonded market Block made by the filter press process It should also be noted that neither the filter aggregate block crumbles can be used to produce structural press process nor the bonded aggregate process 17 type core for the UL fire rated door market . <t in the block and core markets we must continue t T maintain our position must decide produce such products by the pan pouring process Management facility whether block and core products are to be producedwialtlthtehennew havSeouttohwbeest installed If the answer is yes a pan pouring flatware line The second decision Management must make relates to the type of process qr combination of processes to be installed at the Southwest facility for the production of pipe insulation If the decision is made to go to a process will have to be purchased There is not other than pan pouring technology and still meet time to develop from scratch an alternate process sufficient the timing for construction of the Southwest facility has a number of process options to chose from for the production Maragement at the new Southwest facility They include 1 a filter of pipe insulation to produce all sizes of pipe up to and pinrcelsusdionrgbo3n0deidnchaggOrDega2 te paropcaensspouring process to produce the smaller piopfe sizes and a filter press or bonded aggregate process for the production size sectional pipe and 3 a pan pouring process to produce the smaller large located anywhere for the production of pipe sizes and a Multi Wfiatchiliotuyr current level of technology the pan pouring large size sectniootnable pciopnesidered for pouring large size sectional pipe at the process should new facility Ms 217 -2- SUMMARY Cont technical standpoint no one process indicates that from a the manufacture of The Kaylo R & D study for over other known processes has a has a distinct advantage each also Each has its advantages high temperature pipe insulation after a comprehensive cost analysis is made on number of diswaidlvlanwteagbees abOlnelyto decide which process or combination of processes eiaschmopsrtocseusistable for the new Southyest facility for the manufacture intensive technical evaluation of all known processes are only three processes Our insulation products indicates there the Southwest of high temperature further consideration for possible installation at Kanville's filter worthy of the Berlin pan pouring process other facility They include bonded aggregate process All of the of Multi- and Philip Carey's the possible exception pprreoscsesspreoscecsosnsidered during this study with would not yield a product suitable Temp were rejected because 1 thewas proncoetsssufficiently developed to meet the for OCF's needs or 2 the process new Southwest facility The Crosfield time schedule for installation in the failed on both accounts Multi and sectional pipe filter press acuotnsoicdleraevdefdorprtohceespsroduction of large size should onlays baen additional facility for the production of high temperature possibly overloaded block when Berlin becomes as to the process they will Before a final decision aits tmhaedeSobuythMwaesntagefmaecnitlity and the product they willremlaartkientg adopt for installation must consider a number of basic questions in the 1970's and 1950's they need for a product of a higher need for automation to rising labor cotshtes asbestos fiber health threat This report will attempt acted on before the final quality level and which must be considered and for Manage- Manage- to outline the questions reached This report will also provide of decision as to process is and disadvantages for each ment's consideration uandleirstcoonfsitdheeraatdivonantfaogresthe new Southwest facility the processes still to RECOMMENDATIONS has already been made to appraise A visit to Manville's Research Center followed by an OCF prepared This visit must be be made to Philip the filter press process and a plant visit A visit should also should be followed- cost projection their bonded aggregate process It too Carey to appraise and if possible a plant visit up by a cost projection bonded aggregato must be made or updated on the filter press cost Cost projections To achieve a fair comparison pan pouring and Multi processes the pan pouring process more autorated should be made on a since is reasonable request projections for exists at Berlin The latter a labor and batch than now process is currently underway to reduce a major R & plant program of automation of the pan pouring process costs and to achieve a higher degree must be and bonded aggregate processes Cost projections on the filter press One cost projection should be based on at two levels of activity will be used to prepared the filter press or bonded aggregate process The second cost the assumption and including 24 x " produce the entire line of pipe up | 215 215 RETOMMENTATIONS RETOMENTATIONS RETOMMENTATIONS Cont ) or bonded aggregate should be based on the assumption the filter press sectional pipe only projection limited to the production of large size covering process will be it must be tied in with the cost projection should Under these conditions sizes of pipe The Multi cost projection the of the smaller pan pouring sectional pipe only It too must be tied in with be limited to large size of the smaller sizes of pipe To get cost projection covering otfhethepanvarpioouursingoptions available to us cost projections a good economic picture combinations should be prepared on the following process Oction Block Pice ANMEM Fan poured Filter pressed ANMEM Pan poured Bonded aggregate sizes filter pressed Small sizes pan poured large ANMEM Pan poured Small sizes pan poured large sizes bonded aggregate ANMEM Far poured Small sizes pan poured large sizes Multi ANMEM Fan poured facility will be limited to the production It is possible the new Southwest Southwest Berlin and stockpiled at various pipe pipe Kaylo block would all be produced at in the Southwest and West Since Since this is a possible distribudtisitroibnution distribution centers projections should also be made on the five pipe process Management option cost projections facility for block combinations combinations combinations listed above minus the pan pouring combinations be installed in the new Southwest facility In deciding the type of process to to the Silikoff Management Management will have to give serious consideration have on the future growth health threat What effect if any will it of the market insulation market and our share of the overall high temperature decision we face in deciding in particular It could be the most important The only asbestos free to install in the Southwest facility All three which procestshe market during the past 5-10 years was Multi consideration product on and bonded aggregate now under processes pan pouring filter press asbestos The probability of removing asbestos for the new facility contain is far greater than it is bonded aggregate product or OCF's pan pouring from the autoclavedeither the Manville filter press from products made by and are based on highly alkaline both of which require autoclaving process compositions batch compositions to install the Berlin pan pouring process for In the event Mbalnoacgekmeantt tdheecindeews Southwest facility Kaylo R & D still recoamlmseondbso or bonded aggregato both pipe and either the filter press an alternate process the new facility This should that limited basis either at Berlin or at at installed on a R & D program on the chosen alternate process be further supported by an made because it is our opinion Granville These recommendations are being dilemma we to again face the process the company should not have If future market conditions demand a product made by a process knowhow and experience are now facing will have the technology than pan pouring we to the new process without delay other facilities over to convert our manufacturing to be installed at the now South- of the decision as to the process to automate Regardless facility the major R & plant program currently underway ahead especially west at Berlin should proceed full speed the pan pouring process for the processing of Kaylo block RESSIMENTATIONS Cont be installed this planning period many have suggested two processes block and smaller During facility the pan pouring process for of sectional the new Southwest for the manufacture of larger sizes XY sites of pipe and filter press be resolved is will our customers and the The first question which must If the answer pipe ' Marketing Division accept two types of pipe products Multi if it and is would the market also accept is the second question sizes of sectional pipe limited to the larger a filter press or bonded aggregate process the only reason for purchasing the manufacture of large size sectional competitors is for must ask whether it one of our to 24 inch ID range then we i.e. sizes in the 13 toward producing large size sectional be better to direct a majorateffaocrcteptable gross margin levels rather pipe by the pan pouring process toward a new process and technolog thetnhen ddiriect rect such a major major effort and expense there has been little of the overall market Actually such a small portion toward learning how to pan pour large size for if any technical effort directed such a result changes sectional pipe with adequate gross margins To achieve and handling well as new techniques of pouring prehardening in mold design as If Multi pipe is acceptable to the market and gross must be developed when limited to large size sectionals margins are projected as habseiangpraoddeuqcutatea process and a facility available to only then CCF alresaidzye sectional pipe market - large e Asbestos as the rein- which must be resolved is the use of asbestos The first question insulations contain asbestos forcing fiber Today all high temperatur1e0 the only known asbestos In fact during the past years reinforcement on the market was Multi a product insulation free high temperature OCF To emphasize how important is the sili for a brief period of time by I would like to call to your of asbestos as a fiber reinforcement problem 1967 to D. M. Barthold concern- D. W. Ladd's letter dated October 9 I think attention and Kaylo expansion Quoting from Mr. Ladd's memo to this whole Ang asbestos which is of paramount importance there is no other consideration will probably blow the whistle subject As you are well aware the government distant future and before we relative to the use of asbestos in the not too Berlin and consider putting expansion program at have an erbark upon a substantial we had better be damn sure that we facility in the Stouhtrhewaetst Work has been done on this in the past and answer to the asbestos successful answer to date there has been no fiber's asbestos fibers in calcium silicate products The of probability replacing No solution to this problem has been found by is rated at best at 50/50 had no success in getting OCF Manville told us recently they too haIvfe the decision is to install to survive the autoclave process at glass fibers the Manville filter press process or the Berlin pan pouring process fact the reinforcement used inll the Southwest facility we are barcecaekptthirnogugthhe is made by R & D during the next the autoclaving probably be asbestos unless a to survive the alkali and year or so in modifying glass o decides the asbestos threat is still with us then careful + If Management should be given to the bonded aggregate process It does not consideration alkaline calcium silicate batch which attacks glass involve the highly the use of expensive autoclaves and does not require as part of the process Philip Carey's bonded aggregate which dissolve gilnassulsatiAolnthocuognhtaCinasresyotmeempasbestos the probability of develop- hiinggh a tbeomnpdeerdatuargegregate product reinforced with 100 percent glass fibers remains . quite high our recent meeting in Manville New Jersey they Manville told us during on our high temperature glass fiber insulation were surprised we never followed Multi By the tone of the conversation they seemed to be product line concerned about this product it were to be placed back on the market available If the asbestos threat it would be the only asbestos free product is real and is a serious threat to OCF's participation in the high temperature marker of the fufuture ture , then thew n e should consider directing a major insulation R & D effort toward product or process modifications to raise gross margins pouring at the new If a decision decision decision decision decision is made to install a process other than pan is not sufficient Southwest Southwest decison purchased Southwest Southwest Southwest facility facility facility technology will have to be There and still meet the timing time devlop time time time to to develop develop develop from scratch an alternate process the of technology will construction purchase for for for construction construction construction construction construction construction the new facility Since the cost of the license constructionprobaly probably mean mean mean taking out a license from a competitor in the market probalyprobaly mean on its its adadvverse eadversre se effect gross margins and competitive position . and its mustmust all all be be carefully considered already already already already already already patent plus in months be involved mechanizng wwiillll wib ll e be be and block block patent patent in involved involved producedproduced are produced produced produced or more of technology on pan pouring and several years years has has 20 20 position yyeaers ars position on Multi strides have been made in recent Major costs for licensing at Berlin No mechanizing mechanizing the pan pouring process both pipe is chosen for producing involtvheed n if ewthfeacpialritpyourinTgheprsoacmeessis true if large size sectional pipe by the Multi process . Competitive Competitive Competitive Competitive Processes and disadvantages for each of the tabulating the major advantages in the new facility Before still under consideration for installation processes I would like to compare briefly each process against the for Multi three and others problems with products made by the pan pouring process include 2 The major made by the filter press process 1 they are not as strong as products to both filter press and bonded aggregate they have a visual appearance inferior dimensional and nesting problems products 3 not being precision molded made by pan pouring involve customer complaints and 4 products of pan result in considerable hand labor to produce Labor costs for the production cost constitutes nearly 40 percent of the total manufacturing be pWoiutrhedlabpoipre costs rising rapidly pipe rade by the pan pouring process could . i agregate agregaategregate ^' Competitive Processes Cont Comme Competitive Competitive rade by one of in the future with pipe It disadvantage placed competitive with pipe made placed placed automated processes disadvantage disadvantage in future or bonded bonded aggregate one of tre the unfortunate unfortunate processes processes such filter filter press emphasis during aggregate aggregate It ig is autorating autorating our place same emphasis our competitors competitors the past possible years 49 to 10 theirs If we had it quite pouring process as possible possible possible would theirs having to take license quite of having over does does a never of advaniages +o Kaylo made by the pouring pouring pouring process number number advantages advantages over Kaylo products on market marmarket ket process does the ability over over git all products both light today They include heavy heavy density of produce by process ( the tremendous insulation and daily of structural material flexibility the structural structural ability ability expedite flexibility and thick- Resses coupled coupled with block ( the best desired various sizes the Resses of pipe pipe service shipping shipping cycle of batch composition thickof Industry : Industry Industry ) versatility of composition composition to achieve lower batch foot basis ( production products products market market on cubic pee of light density heat insulation core with and production resistance of 1800 insulation core maximum temperature core developed by Joins-Yanvile the filter press As has competitive prinotceersessets from OCF personnel There by Johns Vanville Vanville Vanville 4 sseSs bonded doubt has and number number of advantages over both the pan pouring aggregate processes Products Products made have considerably higher flexural compressive compressive compressive impact strengths strengths process better visual appearance and like precision and the bonded aggregate It has a pipe and block products precision precision molded molded filter press produces lends itself the products production large also process OD Field production large size sectional pipe up and including 30 inches filter filter pressed products products extremely extremely now developed Finally the process by bonded Johns ManviMllaenville is extremely low developed developed When compared products products bonded AI aggregate aggregate process filter automated have two distinct advantages Geaggregate aggregate aggregate and pressed products physical strengths and lower breakage characteristics The filter strengins compared compared directly process a number of disadvantages disadvantages delivery directly are with the pouring process flexibility include shipping shipping poor 3 are considerably considerably considerably longer flexibility flexibility lend itself daily of goods is fittings fittings batch higher , does has itself the fabrication fabrication moisture product densities densities higher higher 6 delaminate delaminate moisture tendency is will not produce structural structural tendency produces produces products products less absorbed acceptable the market and operating efficiencies efficiencies to to 6 products hour acceptable mold change change are still operating compared compared operating operating efficiencies efficiencies process still low for the pouring pouring hour efficiencies aggregate the process pouren^' process bonded advantages press processes Philip has many advantages Philip their and filter problems and when Philip far far Carey solves handleability and breakage have by best product their handleability major advantages will bonded the process market Some the bonded advantages aggregate process include autoclaved low manufacturing manufacturing manufacturing manufacturing low use very very low investment investment cost include ability autoclaved autoclaved product product ability use glass fiber fiber reinforcement reinforcement itself ability produce precision ability molded investment investment (6) a process lends itself temperature high production production rates at 8 water investment cOSstS+ - 7 1500 1600 temperature temperature resistant product and 8 water repellency repellency rocess 1600 resistant product (7) a 1509 to 1600 F texperature Frocesses Competitive Competitive Competitive Competitive Frocesses Cont Cont ) When compared directly with filter pressing the bonded aggregate process has two major disadvantages It produces a product with lower strengths and one when roughly handled On the other hand it that is susceptible to breakage Overall process costs has a number of advantages over filter pressed products batch costs are substantially lower the product can be marketed are lower applications 1500 vs 1200 F it is water repellent for higher temperature fabricated from the product investment costs are much lower fittings can be be made free of asbestos The ability to no autoclaves and it probably can when combined with the use glass fibers as reinforcement in this product it mandatory tremendous glass fiber knowhow available to OCF personnel rakes before our Management give careful consideration to the boansdbeedstoagsgraesgatthee prreoicnefsosrcing rejecting it in favor of a process which requires fiber poured Where does the Multi product and process fit in the overall picture we currently know it does not yield adequate gross margins to The product as board with filter pressed or bonded aggregate compete across the pan one that However one must remember it is a glass fiber product predicts natural CCF to market and one that could be produced at any of our back on the market it would be the only were to be placed free product on the market today process ShouldShould ShouldShouldShould we we go ahead and install the pan pouring process process at the new SouTthhiwsesits rather rather facility facility facility facility facilityfacility rather than the filter press or bonded aggregate aggregate If the filter filter press or bonded aggregate Management decison facilty Management a decision decision decision decision which must make at the new facility processprocess process processprocessprocess is chosen to produce the complete range of products at this time If and only if then thenthen then there there is no need to reconsider Multi would we then want to reconsider the the the asbestos threat reaches the danger point insulation asbestos ar ar asbestos asbestos free product such as Multi for the high temperature markemtarket market market asbestos market cost of licensing Management decides to install for for some reason such as high will again be facing the problem If If the panpan pan p uring p uring process in the new facility we Under such circunstances circunstances produce of deciding deciding deciding deciding deciding deciding deciding deciding how to deciding large size sectional pipe to with the pan Multi Multi Management Multi Multi Multi Temp Temp Temp could be the answer Even if decides go - production Temp TempTemp for all except large size sectional and choses to products pouring pouring pouring pouring pouring process process process process process process to these produce license the problems aggregate license license license license license the the the filter press or bonded process all the and costs to licens licens question percentage we must must raise raise raise raise raise the whether it is worth for such a small license license competitors license license license license license another another another another another another process from one of our of of the the the market market market marketmarket market market site sectional pipe to remain competitive If we chose We We must must must must must market large would have three choices 1 fabricate not not to to license another process we Berlin 2 start up a crash program large size size sectional pipe as we do now at the large large large how to large size sectional pipe at adequate gross margins by learn to to learn how learn how pour or 3 could market a line of large size sectional Milti pouring pouring pouring process those conditions where all production except large size Temp TempTemp pipe pipe . Only under at the new Southwest Temp sectional pi e sectional sectional sectional sectional pipe is to be made by the pan pouring process Limited to the production facilty sectional facility facility facility facility facility would I recommend we reconsider Multi facilities large large of of large large large size sectional pipe and to block when Berlin block producing ; 7 Cont Processes Competitive in today's today Multi may have @ piace place in today's over taxed as they Temp have place today's become become may cheaper cheaper today Multi sectional pipe the market market It by current produce sectional process than Tenp Temp our share current fabrication technique total increase our would increase 1. 2. 3. &. . na row . results it This flexibility highest highest mix goods flexibility inventory flexibility flexibility flexibility results results lowest workable workable finished goods goods high temperature the processes now in use for manufacture temperature insulation products The shipping cycle in the high temperature produced with normal inventories is the acknowledged Leacer leader produced the pan pouring pprroocce es ss s acknowledged on acknowledged acknowledged leader of high insulations insulations ofof of flatware high temperature at OCF Plant personnel are trained as established process working personnel wath well trained We have a 20+ year this process as to process be this process permits versatility as to batch composition composition 5. Various additives conasniddeerxatbelneders can be added to reduce Yarjous additives of soluble chloride extremely low percentage 6. Meets AEC military requirements Meezs AEC and military | the same sizes sizes thicknesses both of pieces are procurable when needed expediting expediting 7. and any of the and block shipments manufacturing processes shipments than in any of the competitive 1968 service service cycle than the service further improve our competitors competitors E, It already better service cycle any of Kaylo Kaylo high better than the insulation market and applicators temperature 9. among owners owners ddiissttrriibbuuttoorrs s ane applicators Pan pouring UL lends itself the production production 10. core core Only with Pan structural UL ratings ratings K pipe block Only one are products can pan used process are ses 11, to 1800 F. themselves themselves Ka20 used products at temperatures temperatures tr a 1800 F. Bemse-veS- complicated 12, Batch mixing for Batch pouring 25 the complicated Baten required required pat p2=reng gelling gelling of vaten required. cred FanFan Pouring Pouring Kaylo Cont Advantages Cont 13 Drying costs are currently lower for pan poured products than f^r products produced by any other process This advantage will soon be lost since the SID cylinder patent expired in January 1968 Densities Densities Densities Densities Densities Densities of pan poured products are lower than densities of filter pressed products products pressedpressed products , 15 In general thermal conductivities of pan poured products are lower than for competitive products 16. Pan pouring operating efficiencies are considerably higher than they are for filter pressing 17. Fittings can be cut and fabricated from yhen press products delaminate into fittings attempts pan are poured products made to fabricate Filter them 18 No license would be involved if the decision is to install a pan pouring process at the new Southwest facility DisadvantaOS DisadvantaOS DisadvantaOS 1. Fhysical strengths of pan poured products are lower than those obtained from filter pressed products | and bonded 2. Visual appearance of surface is inferior to both filter press and bonded aggregate products we . 3. Pan pouring is not a precision process Problems of dimensional stability and nesting of ware show up from time to time in the field ! ! 4. With current level of technology large size sectional pipe cannot be poured with adequate gross margins by the pan pouring process 5. Like filter pressed products pan poured products are reinforced with asbestos fibers With current level of technology glass fibers cannot be used in either process 6. Pan pouring requires the use of expensive autoclaves SID's and r Contherm units 7. Pan poured 10 products have a maximum temperature application of 1200 F vs 1500 to 15000 F for bonded aggregate products 8 Pan poured products have higher breakage losses while in transit and when handled at the job site than filter pressed products Se o -10- Kawls Cont Disadvantages Disadvantages Cont ) hand labor Labor costs to produce involves considerable of total manufacturing costs Pan pouring currently averaging 40 percent pLiepveelaroef autoration at Berlin is still very low Process job efficiencies for the those for competitive processes pan pouring process because of the high are lower degree of than handling in the plant Pan Pan poured products products are products and Multi not are water water repellent Only repellent today bonded aggregated Manville ManviMalnvillle MeanMvanviillle le Manville and and have higher physical strengths in all three Filter pressed products and impact strengths categories R compressive smooth and free of air holes Has an excellent surfaces are . appearance developed by Manville as of total costs as a percentage is a highly autorated autorated manufacturing cost The filter press process sectional pipe up to and and including itself to the including 24 x " molding of large i no amosite asbestos only The ManvillManeville product contains percent chrystile little in transit and job Filter pressed products suffer very size 7 site extremely high percent for the Process job efficiencies are Manville as developed by filter press process ware is greater for filter Cylinder capacity for induration of green This is because filter pressed products tbheanstfroirpppeadn fprooumretdheprmooldducptrsior to autoclaving . pressed ware can have fewer broken corner problems during 9 pressed products material in the Manville process 10. Very little waste , legs of pipe are trimmed Only - wf -- A on TT - LY those for pan poured cycles considerably longer longer Shipping Shipping products flexibility in daily mix mix of goods 2 flexibility flexibility Wof ith current level of tochnology contain asbestos fibers Products asbestos fibers current fibers cannot cannot glass Tend to desamanate are not water repellent Filter pressed products because of high do not meet Mil Specs Manville probably 9. 19. involves the use of expensive autoclaves 6. "4 vu Process of maxmaximium mum temperature applications products have bonded aggregate applications 1200 pressed 1200 F 1500-1600 for is substantially 4nferior to poured by the IandteIhrtaesr paretsesndpernoccyestso delaminate to par poured block and Structural cannot be made by the filter press process fire rated products Xo UL fire rated products press moisture moisture have a tendency to delaminate is absorbed products isa percent for efficiencies still remain low percent hours required over Satch are for mold change costs process concerning higher than Not flexible use additives Sot flexible concerning those the additives to 5 to 6 6 pan pouring pouring lower batch pouring , Densities densities densities pan pan products higher higher poured products products pressed very inventory because be maintained maintained the rix goods limited range the rix goods goods of the Production Production rates of of usually usually per hour hour than for pouring pouring . filter press are far required pouring Skilled craftsmen craftsmen mold equipment equipment fabricated fabricated to changsa precision precision Fittings cannot 35 -- problem problem delamination fabricated from pressed ware Fittings delamination one of delamination. Ne " -12- . nied nied nied Amcreate Philic Philic Carey Carey Carey . praodd 1 No autoclave required to produce bonded aggregate products 2. Low investment costs / - good dimensional stability - nests well 3. Precision molded product 4. 4. SmootShmooth Smooth Smooth Smooth Smooth surface surface - no air holes 5. Can be reinforced with glass 6. Product is water repellent Careytemp limitations for bonded aggregate products 7. Temperature 300 400 higher than than for pan poured and are 1500 1500 to 1600 1600 F 300 to 400 F higher filter pressed products -- 8. Bonded aggregate offers potential of being a highly automated process potential low labor cost process lower than those for the filter press process 9. Batch costs are aggregate process is capable of producing large size 11. Pipe fittings can be fabricated from bonded aggregate products products Disadvantages Disadvantages ' 1. Bonded aggregate products are 2. Has lower physical properties quite fragile break easily when handled than calcium silicate type products 3. 40 5. 6. 7. Flexibility in the daily mix of goods is rather p r would be much longer than Like filter press products shipping cycles those for the pan pouring process block is inferior to Kaylo block Bonded aggregate Crumbles when handled will not yield structural Bonded aggregate process makes it unsuitable for for the product to crumble rated door applications core use in The tendency UL fire must be maintained because of Large inventories of finished goods the limited range of the mix of goods from do not fabricate as well as pan poured 8. Bonded aggregate products from breakage sawing and cutting i products due to a i -23- Advantages the basic product of 1 Multi is a product made from Fiberglas It is free of asbestos fibers the Corporation -- 2 It lends itself to decentralized operations adapitnasbulleattioonany General Products plant capable of making Fiberglas pipe and snow resistant and water repellent in that 3. The product is rain capacity capacity capacity one to operate efficiently 4 The saturation process is not a complicated 5. Multi pipe has an acceptable K value 6. Multi pipe can be applied to 1000 F surfaces 7. Large size sectional pipe can be produced by the Multi process due to rough handling would be nominal 8. Breakage 9. Easy to cut good fabrication characteristics margins 33 percent projected for block 10. Excellent gross 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. of the product was 1000 F rather The maximum temperature resistance than 1200 F for 10 Kayl to in transit and handling damage The ends and edges were susceptible dusty than competitive competitive materials Multi products were more were lower than those Projected gross margins for Multi pipe : projected for Kaylo pipe efficiencies were very low In the Newark pilot plant facility job of offware were excessive due to excessive offware Major causes in operation of process and burn ware and rough handling improper the oven car ying inventories of two different types 6. Distributors objected to carrying which called for additional warehouse of high temperature insulation space calcium silicate and bonded aggregate type 7. Softer product than the products 32