Document emMdDbEGy6Gk85JqD3VJdbLVE

r t | 2 3 * j '3 . =? 1 j ffwpiipippspf^^ "` L IA14651 Lead Industries Association, Inc. W UM*on Aw v * Nn York. R Y. 1W17 TikplM: (til) m-soae )Urch 20, 1972 TOi All Heathers of the Lead Industries Association Gentlemens Enclosed Is a copy of a new brochure published by the Industrial Storage Battery Section, ational Electrical Manufacturers Association. This is another good piece of material that can be of significant value in the decision to use IC engine power or electric battery power in material handling. Ms at LIA are happy to have been able to make contributions to the composition of this bro chure. Additional copies may be had from HS(A headquarters, address inside front cover. Sincerely, CONXEL A. BAKER, J*. f2- ^ CABiip Enel. F'"t ^.J^VC"*^ ,, f Vi*-*.' -. UA1465 2 "&j<4 is- 5- sti^ '^*IF7*s - anrrSTaSESGWGT.* ... ....... -. ... - . -*,.. '-- .'- \ >--7* Ajiijjf. . , ' - I*." ~ x/>iv .' >' v - :...., * -7 ' %* >.; f .' >. *. * * ` .>; * vc: .,, ,.'-.V' >.' ; ,.*.i' . -' `'X...V `Vy. v>'-JW -' \-~-0f '.-*f'i-*-.. fSSC j^Sf-Ka 1*v|s z*xxm*$*tQ VC jSStSSG^'- "--^sag iT. <v',, < r/JI . ^v ^/- ' -7 ' ^ y-- ?_;- 4^s^-- ,^iAn#*-'Ju t-C-I . * ' .*'- .'-t.'7' SSf'VX.'** ^,,7 E>'* ' - - ;AND **' NON-POLLUTING LOW-COST siev* & fosr ,, 9*f pk?^.*.,n ,.;t.. .i -~ CvC"4 4S?& '';. : ^Uic~4M1 i. w.~* .-..v .' -. -'& / x.v A* - ...*. i ii- SJ-Si'?i' , gKjy.y'rj.'^vV' . 9 mwzsz*- BATTERY POWER TOO! .^Msr - - ^w.-v.?.: ^'*'t" f^SjSgZi-rT _J*-* ' ***-* ' ' r#Siw N 3460.01 4 XWwtafe^' > .M l H II' irVif-Tnt -*|V ^ .r 'fc i^ x ,^ ...,..- -w - it 1i. ';k 1 INTRODUCTION C. "Shall we use electric or fuel-powered industrial trucks?" The selection between these two types has long presented a problem to buyers of these vehicles. Today, a new awareness has been added which greatly influences the decision: in-plant air pollution by tuel-powered trucks. With the broad emphasis on pollution, what effect will this have on employee attitudes?--on Union demands?--on restrictive gov ernment regulations? .. ^ When laced with the problem ot selecting replacements, or the purchase of new. additional vehicles, even satisfied users of tuelpowered trucks are forced to include this new element in their considerations. i But air pollution is only one ot the factors to be considered before a final decision is reached. The other vital factors are: cost * ot ownership; performance; reliability; maintenance; safety; down } time; speed; power; etc. This brochure touches on these vital tactors with simple tacts. Its aim is to aid buyers ol industrial, powered trucks in making sound comparisons and reaching their own decisions. "I i L % i, f WHEN WERE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRICPOWERED TRUCKS INTRODUCED? Th* Railway Express Company operated electric motor truck* blor lb* turn o( the century. but the first electrics tor materials handling war* flat-bad truck* produced lor th* Pennsylvania Railroad Com pany In 1906. The** fir*t "stop-and-go" electric* were called baggage trucks by railroader*. Following World War II. the fastest growing seg ment of the American economy has been materials handling. A wide variety of special-purpose trucks are available on the market which are capable of solving most Industrial material handling problems. WHAT ARE THE MAIN SOURCES OF POWER? Electricity, gasoline, diesel, IP gas. ARE THERE MORE FUEL-POWERED TRUCKS THAN ELECTRIC TRUCKS IN USE? Ye*. In America. It is estimated that there are ap proximately 550.000 fuel trucks and 227,000 electric truck*, in Europe, however, approximately 70% of all Industrial trucks are electric-powered. IS THE SALE OF ELECTRIC TRUCKS MCREASINO IN THIS COUNTRY? Ye*. The sales of electrics as compared to the total sales of material handling trucks grew from 18% hi I960 to 33% in 1966, and to 41% In 1970. TO WHAT IS THIS INCREASE ATTRIBUTED? Primarily, to the tremendous Improvements made by th* truck manufacturers. Many new types of trucks were developed to fit material handling needs. Speed and over-all performance were improved, solid-state speed controls were developed so that the power draw during truck acceleration became stepless. With dynamic research and development programs, the battery manufacturers produced batteries with greatly increased capacities. The 50 ampere hour per positive plate battery of the late 1&40's was increased to an S5 ampere hour per positive plat* in the same sire container, or 70%. This made the electric truck much more versatile and. also, capa ble of maintaining a full-shift work schedula. n*ws 1--OxeifS m- tniiaim sirs ciixttr ts m(| MMCrty m irK tcir sitttries. lew-. IM4IWS-. s o * tMffctTft toiaUrtol kenenn f ** sans caw R1 hM mM f-rw Svcfc k m to net run * SMS tw4 MB IIAO-AOO SATTERY STORAGE CAPACITY HAS INCREASED Ti/s IK US I t 1M 1 vs 0 WHAT OTHER IMPROVEMENTS HAVE BEEN RECENTLY DEVELOPED? In th* early days, electric truck users were plagued by low impact material In the battery container*. These were then made of hard rubber which had the tendency to crack under a sharp blow, spilling acid and causing short life and short capacity trou bles. Today, advanced type materials have elimi nated this problem. Batteries have extremely high tolerance to rough handling. In (ad about the only attention they need Is the periodic addition of water. And. of course, charging. HOW ABOUT BATTERY CHARGING? ISN'T tT A PROBLEM? No. Automatic charging equipment has been de veloped which virtually eliminates all the rotating equipment and manual rate adjustment of the past. Previously, specialty trained employees were needed to keep the batteries properly charged--and even these men had a tendency to over-charge the bat teries and to shorten battery lit*. Today, *0 the guesswork in proper charging is eliminated--and so is the electrician who had to standby to do the job. The process is so simple that all the truck operator has to do I* to insert a plug and activate the device. Th* chargers of today are as simple, compact and dependable as electric clocks or refrigerator*. , A- ` .V`- ' ' ' ..T1 - " * `.'WWSSRIWIIBIIRS ^iwlii8Piiiii4iii ARC ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS AT WHAT POINT IN THE OWNERSHIP OP CHEAPER THAN FUEL-POWERED TRUCKS? ELECTRIC TRUCKS DO THE FUEL COSTS AND Tb# word "cheaper" often confute* buyer*. The Initial purchase price of fuel-powered truck* I* lower OTHER SAVINGS BALANCE OUT WITH THE LESSER INITIAL COST OF FUEL TRUCKS? then that of electric truck*. The actual "coat" to the Numerous records have shown that In about 3H owner over a number of year* I* much higher lor year*, the savings In fuel alone bring the "coet" of fuel-powered truck*. For example, the cot o* main the two types ol trucks to a par. From that point on, tenance for gasoline trucks Is higher than the sum actual saving* go up shsrply In fsvor of electric of all other co*tt they incur--In general, th* coel trucks. Also keep in mind that the pre-purchased of owning and operating gasoline-powered trucks I* power supply In the batteries will hsve been only chargeable to maintenance. partially expended after 3tt years of use. A good man in your organization with whom to discus* values Is your purchasing agent, material HOW ABOUT THE LIFE EXPECTANCY OP handling engineer, cost accountant or comptroller. ELECTRIC TRUCKS? Each can carefully balance the various elements Involved and base them on prices in your locality. For example, he will take into consideration the Initial cost of the two type* of vehicle*--gas vt electric. Then, he will balance the cost of battery, charger and electric current against cost of fuel, oil and expendable perta, and project them over a period of about five to ten year* . . . with tomorrow's in flationary costs In mind, too. The life expectancy of electric trucks Is consider ably higher than that ol fuel trucks. Since more than 00% of all electric truck* ever built are still In serv ice, a favorite saying in the Industry is, "Electric trucks never wesr out." New models ar# constantly being developed by truck manufacturers to meet special requirements, such as narrower, faster-fitting truck* tor warehouses where space is at a pramium and aisles are narrow. In actuality, when buying a battery and charger, WHY IS THE LIFE OF ELECTRIC TRUCKS SO you will be pre-purchasing a five-to-ten-year power MUCH LONGER THAN THAT OF FUEL TRUCKS? supply. Although some of this will be "guesstimate," The long life ol electric trucks is due. primarily, to you will note by the following chart that fuel costs have gone up quite tharply In recent years, while the simplicity of the trsnsmission of electric power. This power can be applied quickly and efficiently. electricity costs have remained comparatively arable. Lack of vibration is also a (actor, as it cuts down on An important point to enter into the calculations is the wesr and tear of parts. Unlike fuel trucks with L the fact that when a gas truck is idling, it is burning fuel, while an electric truck is using no Current. reciprocating motors, the efficiency of electric trucks does not dec! in* with age. DO THESE POINTS ALSO APPLY TO TRUCK MAINTENANCE? Yes. There are fewer moving parts in electric truck*; less wear and tear in stop-and-go operation*. By comparison, reciprocating motors need much more maintenance, so that it Is often necessary to have standby mechanics tor repair*, checks, adjustments and replacement*. They must concern themselves with ignition systems, carburetkm, the cooling sys tem and the exhaust system. The electric trucks' power supply comes from a storage battery which has no moving parts and has a life expectancy of five to ten year*. Maintenance on electric trucks i* ^ * t * LIA1465 7 ~vr. limited to lubrication charging, and adding water to battery. The only moving part of the motor la the armature and the only real maintenance It neede la the occasional renewal of the brushes. ARE THERE ANY OTHER DEVELOPMENTS AND AX)VANTAGES7 Several. For example, scfid-stata controls now cut current requirements of electric trucks by as much as 70%. This makes the battery power last 40% longer between charges while doing more work. Electric trucks operate well in high temperatures and are ideal for work in refrigerated spaces such as food warehouses. Here, they have added advan tages of emitting no exhaust fumes which may taint foodstuffs. Electric trucks are more versatile. They ere more adaptable, so there are more types being manu factured for special uses. They ere Ideal as "walk ers" and for use in narrow aisles and areas with restricted spaces. Safety Is another lector. Being vibrationlesa and "silent" they cut down a great deal In operator fatigue. And. they emit no poisonous fumes. Both noise pollution and fumes cut down employee effi ciency and are often the cause of accidents. ARE NOT GAS-POWERED TRUCKS PREFERABLE FOR SOME USES? They are superior for use outdoor, over long hauls, over very bumpy roads and on extremely aleep ramps. Ir. some applications they are also preferable when pneumatic tires are used. ARE NOT GAS TRUCKS FASTER? In a drag race of 800 feet or more, gaa trucks are "faster," even though speed levels of electric trucks have been increased to 7Vk-9Vi mph. But most industrial fork trucks are not used to run races, and only a few have to cover distances of 800 feet or longer. The primary use of industrial trucks la loading and unloading and stacking pallets. For this type of work, electric trucks are "faster." The DC motor develops Its maximum torque at low speeds, as compared to the Internal combustion engine which balks at low speeds acid needs gear shift or auto matic transmissions. i Fvvl jf tie tree <m toal Uiarcctortoticf f W Mural CMOMSN me* M K ito motor b mS to tocHc not aera as tow *p*>T (JarKtor- to* ps'ScvtorV ftgvr* a IS AIR POLLUTION A PROBLEM? Air pollution from fuel trucks--especially Indoors-- in much more of a problem than many realize. Also, It Is posing serious threats for the future, to which users of industrial trucks must give sober thought The wsr egainst the poisonous emissions of the Internal combustion engine has Just begun. The federal government has established a deadline of 1975 (or automobile manufacturers to meet stringent regulations. The crusade is bound to move from the highways of America into its industrial plants. Gasoline-powered industrial trucks pollute the air SEA around them--often inside ot a building. Local public w health agencies don't like H Employees don't Ilka H. Unione don't Ilka IL In California, workers resented moving from the smog-laden air of the outdoors into the fumes-fouled air inside of their plants. California now has an "Inplant Pollution Code." It stands to reason thab soon, every state will control the atmosphere ot industrial plants with similar codes. These codes may result in obsolete equipment-- or expensive safeguards. They may force building alterations, new ventilating equipment slower haul ing speeds, higher wages tor combustion truck oper ators. high insurance rates. Soon. It may not pay Industries to use fuelpowered trucks--riot when battery-powered trucks can eliminate the burden ot additional controls and restrictions, and can do the work adequately, effi ciently and--in the long run--more economically. THE SUMMING UP unucrk&ts# rua-PtwoEonuon i Lower Initial coat o< ownership... Highai speedaovar long distance*... Beat to* Song. outdoor haute... Bast ovar bumpy road*... > test* FUEL-POWEREPTOOC* Extsnsh* plant valuation... SLWad standby mechanic*... Exponsha replacement part*... Summar coolant*.,. Fuatt whcaa coats constantly rlas... AOVANTABES OF urmr-powaa TOC** Podutloivfr** powar. No health hazards, odors, nolsa... Las* malntananca... Battar msnsuvarabWty... Lowast coat par ton-mu*... EisyMiinda controls... Hadpa against inflation... Cool and smoothrunning motor*... Extremely long Id*... La* operator tatlgua... Sataty... HEEDS OF OATTEIY* POWERED TOCHS Modam battalia* that pfve 5 or more years' aarvica... Modam. tuttyautomatic chargart... el ec t r ic TKKXIUCL Economical Ftxnsiaas Vm Convenient Low maintanjnoe M Maneuvarabie ElfcciwX Looo-Uvad Vferatlonieea ELECTRIC TRUCKS ARE THE NOW TRUCKS... AND THE TOMORROW TRUCKS FOR AMERICAN INDUSTRY ^ ^* ww aw w ia k w w w i b w B