Document ej2R4zendMwX9DdJ0jm6R9Mm

FILE NAME: Chemical Abstracts (CHAB) DATE: 1969 DOC#: CHAB061 OCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Abstract Originally Published in 1964 by Wagner , ,,. w < .s* 4 > A iiu ii a i v i d d U i C c U ^ U i l H C U t O U U K 'C S | Q & t T l ^ C ) f l l l Q rectly exposed to I in industry, while the remaining 100 had methods for the quant, detn. of SOi are also reviewed. lived in the vicinity of asbestos mines or mills. The av. period - `s 'i W F. X. Pollio of exposure to I dust before development of the tumors was 40 2 6 Emergency exposure limits; pentaborane(O). J. P. Frawley, years, and asbestosis in the usual sense was not involved. There et at. Ant. In i. Hyg. Assoc. J. 27(2), 193-5(1966) (Eng); was exposure to III in only 1 case, Not a single case of meso cf. CA 63, 48516. Emergency exposure limits are intended 1 thelioma involving exposure to II was discovered, although II re for use in emergency planning by specialists in industrial sembles I in mineral compn. The carcinogenic effects of I prob hygiene. The limits for pentaborane (9) are: 5 min. 25 ppm., ably result from its content of oils and waxes adsorbed on the fiber 15 min. 8 ppm., 30 min. 4 ppm., and 60 min. 2 ppm. Exposure and contg. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including 3,4-ben to 1000 ppm. for one min. can cause convulsions and possibly zopyrene. Such oils occur in II but to a lesser extent. Investi death. Pentaborane(9) (B6H9) boils at 58.4, and the vapor pres-_ gation of diffuse mesotheliomas in various cities in Great Britain sure at 25 is 200 mm. so that a minor spill could cause a _rapid showed that the development of the pathol. processes was assoed. / contamination above the toxic limits. Pentaborane(9) is insen with exposure to asbestos dust in a large majority of the cases. / sitive to shock, but it forms shock-sensitive mixts. with many chlorinated hydrocarbon or carbonyl-contg. solvents. 16 ref W. C. Tobie The health of workers processing reinforced polyesters [con erences. Wm. MacL. Pierce taining styrene]. R. L. Zielhuis, F. Hartogensis, J. Jongh, J. The action of various dusts on [guinea pig] macrophages in i vitro. W. Klosterkoette: (Univ. Muenster, Ger.). Beitr. Silikose-Forsch., Sonderband 6, 125-30(1963)(Pub. 1965)(Ger). The cytopathogenic effects of quartz (I) on various types of leu kocytes arc reviewed and interpreted, as well as agents which oppose these effects. In new expts., macrophages from the peri toneal exudates of guinea pigs were sepd. by centrifuging and " washing, 34 hrs. after the intraperitoneal injection of 20 ml. physiol, saline soln. Admixts. of macrophages were made with dusts of differing chem, compn. in Hanksssoln. at pH 7.2 and incubated at 37, with various tests run after 2, 4, 6, and 22 hrs. Phagocytosis of I caused a breakup of the cells after 6 hrs. This ( effect was prevented if 0.1% poly(vinylpyridine-A%>xide) (P 204) (II) was also present. Phagocytosis of corundum, TiOs, or SiC did not cause disintegration of the macrophages. The ceii suspensions normally showed increasing concns. of lactic acid (III) over 22 hrs. in the absence of dusts, and essentially the same amts, of III were produced by cells phagocytizing corundum or - TiOj. In cells phagocytizing I, the formation of III was greatly diminished. In contrast with other reports, quartz glass par- tides and an amorphous SiOj prepn. showed cytopathic effects of the same order of magnitude as those of I, but such effects were completely antagonized by II. Certain dusts (such as of Zn blende) had some effect in diminishing the increase of III in.the 1 cell suspensions, but this effect was at least partly antagonized by II. The addn. of guinea pig serum to cell suspensions favored III production although it was not detd. whether the serum di minished the cytopathogenic action of I. Possible mechanisms of action of the various substances on the cells are discussed. - W. C. Tobie. Rare metals and their compounds as environmental factors in industry. Z. I. Izrael'son and S. V. Suvorov (I. M. Sechenov 1st Med. Inst., Moscow). Gigiena i Sanit. 31(4), 24-30 (19G6)(Russ). Discussion of the toxicity, volatility, danger of contact of solns. with the skin, etc., factors to be considered in evaluating rare metals from an industrial hygiene standpoint. W. H. Kalsbcek, and H. van Rees (Netherlands Inst. Preventive Med., Leiden). Intern. Congr. Occupational Health, 14th, Ma drid 1963(3), I092-7(Pub. 1964)(Eng). Tests were done in 3 facto, -es in 1959-1962 where the main volatile toxic agent was sty cut (I). Concns. of I in the air at various stages of polyester processing are considered. I is moderately toxic, but reports on industrial I poisoning and max. allowable concns. (MAC) are discrepant. In the new tests, the MAC value (considered to be 100 ppm.) was sometimes considerably exceeded, but the av. exposure was below 100 ppm. (420 mg./cu. m. of air). Tem porary discomfort (described) was observed, mainly drowsiness and nonspecific irritation of mucus membranes. Despite expo sures as long as 5 years, no chronic disturbance of health was observed. No significant changes were observed in hematological values or in blood or urine constituents were observed. In 1 factory, hippuric acid, glucuronic acid, and neutral S in urine were repeatedly detd. at the end of the working day, but no dif ferences were found between workers exposed to I and others. 25 references. W. C. Tobie The pathology and biochemistry of silicosis produced intra venously in rabbits. M. Mosinger, J. Jouglard-Duplay, A. Versino, and C. Granier (Fac. Med., Marseilles, France). In tern. Congr. Occupational Health, 14th, Madrid 1963(3), 1118-21 (Pub. 1964)(Fr), Rabbits of the Fauve de Bourgogne variety (1.2-1.5 kg. body wt.) were intravenously injected monthly with 100 mg. of silica (I) with a particle size brought to 1-3 n by sedimentation. Injections were repeated to a t6tal dosage of 500-600 mg. I. The rabbits were observed for as long as 3 years. The av. levels of I attained in the blood serum (av. 0.454 mg. %) were equiv. to the av. values (0.340 mg. %) observed in human silicosis. In some cases, values as high as 1000 mg. % I in blood were observed. However, blood I fell to normal levels 2 months after the last injections. I was accumulated mainly in the liver, lungs, and spleen. Kidney I was nearly the same as in normal animals. Statistical analysis of the effects on blood proteins showed little change in a-globulins in relation John Howe Scott to the doses of I or the passage of time. Albumin diminished i Metabolic and cardiac effects produced by muscular effort in slightly in proportion to the doses of I and time elapsed. For fi- anthracosilicotics. A. de Coster, R. Messin, and H. Denolin globulins, there were important increases after 500 mg. total (Hop. Saint Pierre, Brussels, Belg.). Intern. Congr, Occupational doses of I. The increases were marked and permanent after 8 Health, 14th, Madrid 1963(3), 1034-5(Pub. 1964)(Fr). The title ' months of treatment. The 7-globulins increased even with 200 effects were detd. in 50 anthracosilicosis patients by 15 min. of ex mg. total I, after which they increased as much as 140% in pro ercise on a bicycle ergometer. In 30 of the subjects, pulmonary portion to total I and elapsed time. The glycoproteins (ar- ventilation and O uptake were essentially normal. A 2nd group globulins) increased about 30%. The /5-lipoproteins increased gave less satisfactory responses, and in a 3rd group (8 patients) 30-50%. Both sexes showed approx. 50% decreases in urinary muscular effort was poorly tolerated. Blood pH in the 50 sub 17-keto steroids, appearing within 1 month of the .initial I in jects was initially increased (emotive hyperventilation). After jection, with continued decreases as the exptl. silicosis pro 5 min. exercise, the pH was almost always diminished. At 10 gressed. Hepatic and splenic lesions was macroscopically evident. 15 min., the pH tended to rise again but not to initial values. After 4-5 months there was cirrhosis and enlargement of the liver. The pH was normal 20 min. after exercise terminated. Blood There was a diffuse splenomegaly and silicotic nodules. Histol.' bicarbonates (I) were almost always lowered after 5 min. of exer and pathol. changes visible microscopically.are described. Nor- cise, and remained low despite a slight tendency to increase at the mal rabbits showed a slow urinary elimination of Congo red, but end of exercise. Initial values of I were attained after 30 min. of silicotic animals eliminated it rapidly. Silicotic nodules were rest. In the 1st group (with good tolerance to effort), blood found in the lungs but not in the kidneys. Differences in the lactate (II) had increased at 3 min. and usually reached max. accumulation and deposition of I indicated that some body organs values after 5 min. or sometimes after 10 min. The II usually are " silicophilic" while others are ''silicoresistant." There was did not increase above 60 mg. % but sometimes reached 70-80 an apparent tendency for I to accumulate in organs rich in rc- mg. %. In some cases, II decreased while muscular effort con ticulohistiocytic cells (endotheliovascular cells). Such cells are tinued. II always decreased 5 min. after effort ceased and was infrequent in the kidneys but abundant in such tissues as lym normal 30 min. later. In the 8 persons who tolerated effort phatic ganglions. The neuroendocrine reactions of rabbits to I poorly, the changes in II sometimes resembled those in the 1st resembled those previously observed in guinea pigs, rats, and group. In other cases, II continued to increase as long as ef dogs. The marked histol. effects of I on the adrenals was evi- fort continued and reached high levels. The development of .denced by the diminution in 17-keto steroid excretion. In 2 metabolic acidosis in the 3 groups is described. The results are silicotic rabbits, there were lesions of the aortic wall contg. muco interpreted in relation to differences in hyperventilation in an polysaccharides and drops of lipid. Deposits contg. Ca were thracosilicosis of differing extent. W. C. Tobie also present. Certain organs showed deposits of amyloid (or Asbestos dust exposure and malignancy [diffuse mesotheliomas possibly para-amyloid or parahyaline) material. The diffuse of the pleura]. J. C. Wagner (Llandough Hosp., Penarth, amyloidosis was assoed. with a marked plasmocytosis and splenic Wales). Intern. Congr. Occupational Health, 14th, Madrid 1963 necrosis. 12 references. W. C. Tobie (3), 1066-7(Pub. 1964)(Eng). Approx, equal amts, of 3 forms Urinary elimination of 17-keto steroids by miners, in relation of asbestos, crocidolite (I), amosite (II), and chrysotile (III) are to environmental temperatures. C. Berdan and M. Pafnote. in com. production in South Africa, where 120 cases of the title Intern. Congr. Occupational Health, 14th, Madrid 1963(3), disease were observed. Exposure to dusts of I (blue asbestos) 1334-6(Pub. 1964)(Fr); cf. CA 58, 4964d. Previous work ' was demonstrated in 110 of the cases. Only 10 had been di is interpreted with n'1'" data on reactions of the adrenals in