Document eVjkd2Bpy723p4DrpDGMo6xm

HEATINC VENTILATINC AIR CONDITIONING GUIDE 1940 V also employ copper tubing extensively. For refrigeration use where tubing absolutely free from scale and dirt is required, bright annealed copper tubing that has been deoxidized is used. This tubing is available in a variety of sizes and wall thicknesses. EXPANSION AND FLEXIBILITY The increase in temperature of a pipe from room temperature to an operating steam or water temperature 100 F or more above room tem perature results in an increase in length of the pipe for which provision must be made. The amount of linear expansion (or contraction in the Table 4. Nominal Weights of Welded Wrought-Iron Pipe Nominal Pipe Size (Inches) Ma % a% 1 m lA 2 214 3 3A 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 0. D. 16 O. D. 18 O. D. 20 O. D. SCHED. SCHKD. 10 20 Hun Plain Ends Ends 36.0 41.3 46.5 44.8 51.4 57.9 77.0 Schedule 30 Schedule 40 Plain Ends Threads and Couplings Plain Ends Threads and Couplings ____ ....... 24.7* 34.3* 43.8* 53.6 61.4 80.5 103.0 ...... ____ 25.6* 35.0* 45.0* ____ 0.25* 0.43* 0.57* 0.86* 1.14* 1.68* 2.28* 2.72* 3.66* 5.80* 7.58* 9.11* 10.8* 14.7* 19.0* 28.6* 40.5* 53.6 62.2 81.2 103.0 115.0 0.25* 0.43* 0.57* 0.86* 1.14* 1.69* 2.29* 2.74* 3.68* 5.82* 7.62* 9.21* 10.9* 14.9* 19.2* 28.8* 41.2* "55.0 Schedule 60 Schedule 80 Plain Ends Plain Ends 54.8* 73.2 87.6 111 0 136.0 0.32* 0.54* 0.74* 1.09* 1.48* 2.18* 3.00* 3.64* 5.03* 7.67* 10.3* 12.5* 15.0* 20.8* 28.6* 43.4* 54.4 88.6 _10_4_.0_ -- Wrights are given in pounds per linearfoot and are for pipe with plain ends except for sizes which are commercially available with threads and couplings for which both weights are listed. Weights marked with an asterisk in Schedules 30 and 40 are identical with weights for standard-weight ripe in former lists; those in Schedules 60 and 80 are identical with weights for extra-strong pipe in former lets. The Schedule Numbers indicate approximate values of the expression 1000 x P/S. case of refrigeration lines') per unit length of material per degree change in temperature is termed the coefficient of linear expansion of that material, or commonly, the coefficient of expansion. This coefficient varies with the material. The linear expansion of cast-iron, steel, wrought iron, and copper pipe, the materials most frequently used in heating and ventilating work, can be determined from Table 6. The elongation values in Table 6 were computed from the following formula: 332 CHAPTER 18. PIPE, FITTINCS, WELDING iere it = length at temperature t degrees Fahrenheit, feet. it, = length at 32 F, feet. t = final temperature, degrees Fahrenheit. a and b are constants as given on the next page. -- Metal Coppci --......... a 0.005441 0.006212 0.006503 0.009278 b 0.001747 0.001623 0.001622 0.001244 The three methods by which the elongation due to thermal expansion may be taken care of are: 1. Expansion joints. 2. Swivel joints. or o3f.fsIenthsemretnhteflleinxei.bility of the pipe itself utilized through pipe bends right-angle turns' Table 5. Standard Dimensions, Weights, and Diameter and Wall Thickness Tolerances for Copper Water Tubes* (AU Tolerances Plus and Minus) -- Permissible Nominal Rim, In. Actual Outside Diam* Mean Outside Diameter. In. In. Annealed Hard Drawn WALL THICKNESS, IN. Class K Class L Class M Per Per- No-taJ^S* Nominal missible Varia Nominal miasible Varia 1 tion tion tion Weight per Ft T,n Class Class Class K LM % A % 1 IK 1A 2 1A 3 3A 4 5 6 0.500 0.0025 0.001 0.625 0.0025 0.001 0.875 0.003 0..001 1.125 0.0035 0.0015 1.375 0.004 0.0015 1.625 0.0045 0.002 2.125 0.005 0.002 2.625 0.005 0.002 3.125 0.005 0.002 3.625 0.005 0.002 4.125 0.005 0.002 5.125 0.005 0.002 6.125 0.005 0.002 0.049 0.004 0:0490.004 0.0650.0045 0.0650.0045 0.065 0.0045 0.072 0.005 0.083 0.005 0.095 0.005 0.109 0.005 0.120 0.005 0.134|0.006 0.160|0.006 0.192 0.006 0.035 0.0035 0.040 0.0035 0.045 0.004 0.050 0.004 0.055 0.0045 0.060 0.0045 0.070 0.005 0.080 0.005 0.090 0.005 0.100 0.005 0.110 0.005 0.125 0.006 0.140 0.006 0.025 0.0025 0.269 0.198 0.028 0.0025 0.344 0.285 0.032 0.003 0.641 0.455 0.035 0.0035 0.839 0.655 0.042 0.0035 1.04 0.884 0.049 0.004 1.36' 1.14 0.058 0.0045 2.06 1.75 0.065 0.0045 2.92 2.48 0.072 0.0045 4.00 3.33 0.083 0.005 5.12 4.29 0.095 0.005 6.51 5.38 0.109 0.005 9.67 7.61 0.122 0.005 13.87 10.20 0.144 0.203 0.328 0.464 0.681 0.94 1.46 2.03 2.68 3.58 4.66 6.65 8.91 From Standard Specifications for Copper Water Tube of the American Society far Testing Materials. A3.T.M. Designation B88-33. Expansion joints of the slip-sleeve, diaphragm, or corrugated types made of copper, rubber, or other gasket material are all used for taking up expansion, but generally only for low pressures or where the inherent flexibility of the pipe cannot readily be used as in underground steam or hot water distribution lines. 333