Document eEVkakYk0r40qGLXXK8xjoo4

AIA-38 Asbestos Information Associatiorj/North America 201 East 42nd Street ft-'*?* New York. N.Y. 10017 ' (212) 697*5600 ,Q7* AUS ^ August 6, 1971 TO: AIA/NA BOARD OP DIRECTORS and AIA/NA ADMINISTRATIVE SUB-COMMITTEE CCt G. Earl Parker C. L. Sheckler Frank Zimmerman Ik Weaver - ' SPECIAL MEETING OP AIA/NA BOARD OF DIRECTORS Earlier this week, the Federal Environmental Protection Agency sent copies of its proposed National Emission Standards for Asbestos to those individuals who had been previously selected to serve on a committee to review the standards before their oiriuictl release in late Septemner* Three environmental control experts from AIA/NA member companies are on the document review committee -- E. M. Fenner of Johns-Manvilla, Ike Weaver of Raybe3tc; Manilattan, and Frank Zimmerman of National Gypsum. They' will meet together with the other committee members in Atlanta on August 17 to review the standards, a copy of which is attached for your inspection. In order that these men can have the benefit of the thinking of all of the AIA/NA member companies on the proposed standards prior to the Atlanta meeting, e special Board of Directors meeting has been scheduled for August 11, starting in>n a. m., in the 11th Floor Board Room, Johns-Manville Building, 22 East 40th S'traet, New York City. The meeting will include lunch. Prior to the Board of Directors meeting, Mr. Fenner, Mr. Weaver and Mr. Zimmermar will confer on August 10, and will come to the Board meeting prepared to outline their *game plan" for the Atlanta review conmittee meeting. - In order to make the August 11 meeting as helpful as possible, we hope that you will review the proposed standards with those people in your companies most knowledgeablein the environmental control field. Ed Fenner, the Environmental Control member of the Administrative Sub-Committee, is of the opinion, after having Sm--mwcwnew^roeweCar*.fknec*.cw.JmwMminwcert- Atlas Asbestos C tuuw> Owyi C&, NMC Cot*. WayttMW Mmumot. Ino, wtd woMwvd Catp* *nt opritmt team Wtt Knowtmi. me. Puttac nintoiu Cawwt OI-' AIA-38 2- studied the standards, that, for the most part, they are reasonable from the standpoint of known technology, with regard to manufacturing operations; If you have not as yet let us know whether you will be able to attend the August 11 meeting, please do so as soon as possible. . Sincerely, 01-02 1677 AIA-38 /T' _r*t JsU? ' ` A-'* ' I v .:t .1 r<Ur `tall JnUl r,tr,v ri pL.'ni\ t uLI;fv'-iTllii^'jMi'i I'JATIOXAL SItlSSTCN STAI.TAilO TCS AS3EST0S O + i--t ' AIA-38 ' Table o Contents Introduction Unission Standards Justification Appendices AIA-38 *. Introduce ion As empowered by Section 112 of the Clean Air Ace as Ancr.dcd 1570, the AdninisCrator of. the Environmental Protection A^cr.cy \ the following proposed standard Cor asbestos emission sources. Thic an tier. is tahen subsequent to naming ashest03 as a hazardous air pollutant cr. March 31, 1971. It is the intent of this standard to reduce the level- of asbestos emissions through the application of required control practice This standard establishes minimum requirements for emission control r-A should not be construed as limiting more stringent measures. - . . f----- ' The scope of U3cs of asbestos end asbestos containing products is ' extremely large in the United States. "ew uses are being-developed continually; many without regard to atmospheric emissions. Seme uses have been determined by air pollution control officials to generate a degree of atmospheric emissions unwarranted by the value of these user, and prohibition of such uses is proposed. 01-021677 AIA-38 TI. Eminsicn S tandcrds 1.1.1 Drilling V 1.1.1.1 Drv Drilling - All air swept or dry drills shall bo equipped with fabric filter devices for collection of . drilling debris. . 1.1.1.2 TTet Drilling - Wet drills shall .ie equipped with cyclone collectors for collecting entrained mists. 1.1.2 Blasting - Surface blasting of ore deposits/shal^alwayc^ba preceded by surface wetting end be limited to the following atmospheric conditions. 1. lor-; surfaevTTTind velocity (0-3 mph) 2. rain 1.1.3 Soad Treatment - Mine roads surfaced with asbestos tailing:: shall be treated with water or chemical agents to control dust from vehicle traffic. 1.1.4 Ore Hauling 1.1.4,1 Post Covers -'Vehicles used to haulaosbcstos ore on mine owned property shall be equipped with dust covers. 1.1.4.2 Wetting - Where sufficient water is available the <Aw*l ore shell be wetted thoroughly during transportation. 1.1*4.3 Public Beads - Vehicles used^to haul asbestos*eves on public roads (jr.uaT) be of*dustt tight^construetion. * 4w 1.2 Asbestos Milling 1.2.1 Ore Burning - Asbestos emissions resulting from dumping of asbestos ore shall be minimized by wetting prior toudumping or eReinsure of the dumping arcs. ft # . mt *****] 1.2.2 Ore Dumps - Ore dumps open to i'-.'.a atmosphere in a wet state (through the use of nermaRcnt sprir.hl Viw n, :st be systr 9 ni--0 2 1 h AIA-38 - .--.I " * :-aliir. ,;s sr 1 acre a.;'' .' i: . tocnTTy er.clo sed typ co:*. Cai:'. ,-*?fr t: ; c-1 tr :rjri.T-'orC err. ; materials :r.-j :c be of `-he* u'*-^r 1.2.A Cve Drvcra - < ab r 1c filter ins calas do,*. cribcd in Sect 1.2.5 Ore Crushers be ventilated co fabric -lifers or devices of equivalent efficiency as described in Section 2,1 prior bo discharge into the atmosphere. 1.2.6 Mill Air - Mi forced exhaust gases from asbestos mills r-.est he treated in fabric filters or devices or equivalent efficiency described in Section 2.1. u> S' 1.2.7 Product PackaM-e - . 1.2.7.1 Individual Packaging ~ All forms of asbestos fiber * must be oackagcd in*dust tight containers*,* capable of with- ^ uS standing A drops, one each on front, back and ed3 from a r*r ** /*!) height of four feet without leakage,and labelled as co their ? asbestos content. JHfc-) "w ` *WW~ l2^c. ' ^^ *" * 0^px*" ^ 1.2.7.2 Sulk Shintrant - Sulk shipment shall be in dust eight vehicles labelled as to Chair asbestos content. Loading and ret unloading must be accomplished in a manner which dec3 not f^TtL* exhaust a3bast03 to the atmosphere without the control equivalent***"**^ of fabric filters as described in Section 2.1. I tr *** %* * i<bV^ * 1^2.3 Tailings Pumirudd*Fs- Asbestos mill tailinnggss^ldduumps ss hall be stabilized, watted, or otherwise treated to(arcvenOdust emissions. 1 #JLa*nV ***** fi.it We Aeew*., ii+*K 5-j+a. /KUl* - 5r**t **'*tS f'**'*''* -- f-*' #'*' f*-->- , * <i/ 1.2 Asbestos Precession ifc-K 6*^e ^ 1.3.1 Mamifacturlnn - Manufacturers of products containing asbestos must control all atKcsph-irie discharges of gas streams used for manufacture or dust removal by fabric filtration devices or devices of equivalent efficiency, as described in Section 2.1, except whore explosion hazards or materials problems exist, in which case wet collectors, as described in Section 2.1.2 may be vised. for &yf 7u 0 AIA-38 (jJ C^ <1 ^ 4 u<. & , 3 U/*v*KtU-j \-e.{^ ft**. [z^eS f?+ H c*r~fL*t tts<^ **--** *-^ irTih*, & _, ^ 1.3-2 W-1': < It1:1:n ,\'. - 7r. `.mrrt loas whore in.-olart condition:, v v':- cr..Ls-lL-S-'. v2 h:.!;:. or.ou'.ita of aubuctos crc-.', ' general vaneileeicn r.ir, evidenced by presence of visible lotLens of asbestos or. surfaces adjacent to Che piece of ventilation, the ventilation air n.'.tst be Created by fabric filtration or devices of equivalent efficiency as described in Section 2.1. ,^ ki r<*M V. w - 1.3.3 '.'rodret ShtcranC . ----------------------------^ ' , .. *--*'* 1.3.3.1 Lebed irre - All products containing asbestos ;r.asc be . yj *1 labelled as Co-content. c.1*-**'It** 1.3.3.2 Packaging - Asbestos -products must be packaged in"d'jet O** tight'eontainers except chose produces such as filled plastic:; ich do noc re stilly dust. *** u**`**^ <r\w^ 1.3.3.3 S_p_e__c_i_a_l__P__ro_d_u_c__e_s - Those produces such as^csbastos cement mixes"containing loosely bound asbestos muse be according to Secciotri~2.7. Tl*? . wa; 4^V, r> l-A Product Uaa i- >r 1.4,1 Slock Te.su 1 at fen !*V*** ^s . 1.4.1.1 ?rc-mclthc.Insulation - To Che- maximum extent possible contractors instaillas^asbestos containing block Insulaelen in areas open to Che atmosphere shall'utilize pre-ooldcdfshapcs t which do not requireJcuceing^i1 .tludiu^. * 1.4.1.2 ?tntd Fabrication - Where field fabrication is unavoidable, irth tatiuc Uy Hoods exhausting to fabric filters o* devices of equivalent efficiency as described in Section 2.1 01-0216779 AIA-38 ' * "! O ^ ^ *.* p f O O`1 -- . , * 1.5.1 Rnmcn*,ii of M!*csC0$_Coatsini c g _ Insu 1'Cicn ' "ic n removing asbestos insulation from structurcs containing.in excess of 50 lbs. of insulation cr f iron reef ins, or vr.cn such structures are dmo1.: shed contractors shall utilize Che best available means to 1 irate d\:3t omissions from Che operation. Such -cans may include but not be Limited to: . A. Enclosure 3. Vettlrs 1.5.2 Vlasta Disposal - Asbestos bearing waste materials shall be Otagrosated from other solid waste ampdisposed of by a method which prevents release of asbestos into the atmosphere during all phenes of the disposal. ' 1.5 Specific Prohibitions ^ Vo r*W 1 V ua^ -h> !"**<+. |W * f-- \ r 1.6. L Snrarod Asbestos (ihaulattlon^ancP ?irooroofing - The application T uaba>.u* contain ing^lnsuiation^an^? rireproofing by means of. spraying is prohibited.* 1.5.2 Bisects tun Uses - Any use of asbestos or asbestos containing materials in powder form which involves dispersing the materiel in the environment is prohibited. . f,*--cs-1 -lK?> <5*a --,,V4 2.1 Scujpr-cnt Specifications - - . 2.1.1 'Fabric Filters - Fabric filters specified by this regulation ` shall consist of Che following, ' 4 * * 2.1.1.1 Cons trueCion - The Inlet side of fabric filters shall . be of leakproof construction or maintained under negative pressure. 2.1.1.2 Bypasses - So control system shall employ bypasses unless such devices ure clearly required for start-up purposes, 2.1.1.3 Kcnners * Provisions shall be included for emptying dust hoppers withouc release-of asbestos Co th* atmosphere. 2.1.1.4 Fabrics 2.1.1.4.1 natural Fabrics - natural fiber filter fabric:: shall have a m.-.::ipu:j i:lav permeability of 20 cfm/ft^ at 1/2 in. U20. 02167 SO Ql- AIA-38 > 1.1. t S'. : V - ) V : C,?. - `.'ntht temper.mure. coy >.(.cations sha11 have 2 of 30 ciir/Ci2' \u.' :;20. ;' 2.1.2 Alternative Povlccs 1.1.2.1 Scrubber be installed ir.-il with .10eve AO ir.. - Scrubbers used where fabric f.ilte be of the high energy vor.fv.i'f. type pressure aroo. *jC t, w* ^ ^ *+1> ' 2.1.2.2 Other Dev Ire 3 - Alternative devices used where fabric filters can be installed r.usc be deaensCrated by Che user Co have control performance equivalent or superior to fabric filters. 2.2 Ffuiirmcnt Maintenance Control equipment required by chi.r-rcsulation shell bo regularly r-iwtained to insure high.efficiency, Unannounced maintenance inspections will be performed by authorised personnel and the finding of my t!-o foxiowing conditions will be considered a violation of this - 2,2.1 Fabric Filters 2.2.1.1 External Loalts - Hie presence of external leading of untreated asbestos containing gases front duct work, hoppers, discharge valves, seal faces, etc. will be a violation. 2.2.1.2 Suntuned *ngs - The presence of torn or ruptured bags in an operating system will be a violation. 2.2.1.3 Itnproeor.lv Positioned Hags - The presence of any beg net properly positioned to prevent leakage will be a violation. 2.2.1.4 Holes - The presence of any bag containing a hole * larger than V diaeecer will be a violation. 2.2.1.3 ICorn Hags - The presence of any bag with more than one pinhole or being badly worn or Cheadbate will be a violation. 2.2.1.6 Housekeeping - The presence of accumulations of asbestos particles in the clean air side of bughouses after repair or > replacement will constitute a violation. 2.2.2 Scrubbers . 1 2.2.2.1 Pressure dron - Any scrubber operating with less 40,f H^O pressure drop will be a ^violation. an O i _ n ^ 4 < -- AIA-38 2.2.2.2 r.c.~.';s - Ar.y cr-'.clT-'I - ..ia.. n ^ i- - * . i '<. oi ..f' \ of untreated asbestos i j e* ...... <1 f-J ,2.2.3 Scrubbing. Xadinr. - Any scrubber coo racing with less crushing fluid fia;/ rate than its design requirement will b;* a violation. ' 2.2.3 Alternative Devices - Inspection criteria for alternative devices will bo established at tiio ti.ro of their certification. 01-0216782 AIA-38 , III. Vi-, i 5 iwovi or, v.-us i .'velcped to exp 1*.'in Vi.'; rationale re r the ctircorPs ci-c-s<-: r.>od in Section II of this report. It will not he ; .-e.o.'ted in the official publication of the regulations. The justification is given for this type of standard and for each specific standard in the order they are presented ir, Section II. Ideally, national omission standards for asbestos would bo established on a concentration basis related to health effects ar.d would provide an ample margin of protection to the public health regardless of the number of sources in a given geographic area. There ' ere :..:.ny practical considerations which prohibit the establishment of a numerical standard in the time frena established by the Clean f ir Act of 1370. Foremast of these problems is riia lack sf data This base is lacking frem both th* health-effects standpoint for non- occupatior.al exposure and the emissions standpoint.- The hazards of exposure to -asbestos have been determined sufficient to warrant establishment of a national standard relating to control of exposure. Octermination of the level of exposure to be considered safe has:been complicated by cany factors, not the least of which has been the time periods between exposure and onset of pathogenic effects. I. - -ty of data available on asbestos her.* .h effects is related occupational exposure and cannot ba readily extrapolated to non- cccupational levels. . Eacausa of the large emphasis on occupational levels of exposure ar.d a lack of simple analytical techniques, emission data is equally as uncertain for using engineering considerations to establish a numerical AIA-38 * 'i* * * ' , . , . ^ con ;j ca.cvjrccre, source Li -j e.-vcr-ts v.o-: id n. *o bo placed in a ,-osi i-ior. o.` as tub 1 i'.hlrg, rather Lien verify hr; a data base. This would be c t'oiT.-.idccis task oven with contracted source tests 2nd is unlikely to venerate a sufficient base prior to promulgation of the standard, A control practice approach to reducing asbestes exposure levels offers a practical alternative to numerical emission limits. The mainstay of an asbestos ccntroT practice standard is the fabric filter which on the basis of semi-quantltative data appears to provide act-t.-.table control at reasonable cost. V.lrlle fabric filtration -would be a key point in a national emission standard far asbestos, other devices or practices can be required in cases ..here fabric filters are not practical. Where no effective controlzj are available, the standard can be .*xtendad to ban the use of asbestos, provided a suitable substitute is available. A major advantage cf a control practice standard would be realized in enforcement. Inspectors could be easily trained to certify compliance with control practice regulations. Problems of certifying a numerical standard are enormous. The complexity can be illustrated by examining the state cf the art in asbestos sampling and analytical techniques. ua.rpling to date has been almost entirely occupational exposure twees without regard to air pollution i.n the general sense. The most oo.rr.on technique in U. S. testing has been a membrane type sampler with light microscopy used to analyze "fibrous particles''. Samples are not taken isohinctically as recommended by GAP source testing methodology. 01--02 1678*4 AIA-38 "I' !e rs :sd that attempts at i^o.'tsamp I i:vj cf :5 ':'o~ . yr.cvscos* It is bello*'?'! that.a cons i dor;''.v- t of work '..e'j'ti bo necessary to develop on isokinetic procedure v:ieh crcpcr nozzle dimensions to permit msaningfui samp!ing. of asbestos emission sources. ' . Toe fibrous particles11 reported by industrial hygienists are by ro roans specifically asbestos. It is assumed that they arc .asbestos "re:.: the nature of the source of the sample. Specific identification of asbestos requires the use of x-ray diffraction techniques coupled with visual rcorcsentaticn by electron mi c -*?$ copy. Analysis of samples collected by membrane techniques ar.d counted by electron microscopy is an involved ar/i. costly procedure, each sample, requires about 20 man hours at a cost of about 33C per man-hour for analysis. Even these sophisticated techniques tend to distort the actual asbestos content of the sample by increasing the number count of fibers during preparation. Thus the analysis is rot meaningful in reporting total numbers of particles present In the original sample. 1.1 Asbestos Mining - Asbestos mining was determined by Qavis (ref. 1) to be one of the largest sources of asbestos emissions in the U. S. Mining is predominantly surface type which is extremely difficult to control or quantitate emissions. Specific areas requiring control arc drilling, blasting, and ora handling. * * 1.1.1 Prilling - Prilling occurs predominately in hard rock . . asbestos mining for the purpose of placing blasting charges. It has received considerable attention from parsons interested in controlling occupational exposures. Air swept drills are the most ccrasen owing to a fast drilling rate, less bit wear, and lack of freezing problems encountered with wet sweeping methods. Emissions from air swept drills have been visibly reducad through the use of fabric filters (ref. 2). Where wet drilling is used a mist is generated which consists of fine asbestos particles and water. Cyclone collectors can collect this type of emission more readily than fabrics which plug when wet gas stream are filterod .(ref. 3). oi-n?i672 ^ AIA-38 The i it: ivctirtarecvs scission srjrce of is c;v s'"". Containment of dust o-i s*^"os i:V' - - 11 c! " 1 y f ;.'j-il 0. f* '"-./.si I < l . t . 1' st :js.. .. 0 . . ' i S0 -.'d b i. 1__C._i I.I 'J . 0 T. 1. j how to iiwik sob pine: charges w. ': frrzO ,r:iUU'St. Vo t ti rig - Of C.2 SU T`f0 C C -vO)* 1 0 r tO blast ::rr."'jcs *ire:tod*- control (raf. .4)-. As blasting f$ not a daily occurrence at nstestes mines end 'host mires stockpile* ora, linn ting blasting be ab'os-boric card; Liens which wee Id not bo conductive to disp.vsien of the involved cost would not to. >*ostr'etivo to the total operation. T. < .3 ` read.) ana surfaced v;i:.`r - . ni 1 1 ta'iYi w; s" cV:r:a" i ;V i ny a beet id asbestos by^reicht. Vekivi.. traffic, sorao vehicle? carrying vp to 20G tons, grinds and ,.C(V.bL`S tiio tailings releasing considerable cuantities of asbestos bowing dust. Many treatments-have beer, tried, with water being cno o' the simplest (ref. 3). In some areas road treatment would produce hazardous driving ccr.citiers; however, it is the mining ccmp.-.ry!s option not to surface reads with asbestos mill tailings. 1.1.4 Vehicles - Vehicles hauling asbestos ore are ?. contrail'.bio scarce ov asbestos emissions, hauling ore results in emissions through the jostling and air attrition of exposed ore. '..'hero hauling is only over company property, dust covers for the ore would he sufficient in reducing hazards. Vetting i? also helpful in lowering ^missions but water is not always available . in arid regions. Where transportation of asbestos ore ever public roads is involved, the hazard presented to the general pwpul.iti.cn ' warrants mere stringent control measures. Special dust tight clcc aro available (ref. 6). * 1.2 Asbestos Hilling - Asbe'stos mills were reported by Davis (ref. 7) as the most significant source of asbestos emissions. Hills have nuwersus points of asbestos amissions including: ere storage, ore drying, ere handling, ore processing, end tailing dumps. Wet milling offers advantages in many areas but is not applicable to all ores. There is one wot mill in the U; S. 1.2.1 Ora Dumpino - Dumping of asbestos ores which are not wet results`":n emission of asbestos to atmosphere. Other industries have adopted special dumping enclosures (ref. 3). The option is open to utilize water sprays or enclosures for dumping. 1.2.2 Ore Dumps - Open oro dumps can be amission sources especially during extremely dry, windy weather. Other industries employ " permanant sprinkler systems to control dust amissions (ref. S). The option is available to provided enclosed storage. 1.2.3 Cenvevors - Totally enclosed conveyors can readily prevent those systems rrem bcccming omission sources during periods of high winds (ref. 10). _ " 01-0216 > AIA-38 devices to the Cjfiad I a:1:i Ioperations <v.d have found insulated .rscs to be the ~:nsst officiant and net economically prohibitivo (ref. 11)'. dust levels. Cry nil tang uses air as the separating medium Tor asbestos fibers frem its lost reek. fabric filter installation; ere found on all wall controlled mills, seme handling as much as '1.3 million cfn (ref. 13). 1.2.7 : -nonet Pockac:no - Many of the containers used to ship asbestos fiber are *fo*: dust tight or sufficiently durable to `prevent spillage during Shipman:. As amissions occurring d shipping cannot readily be controlled by capture, a rore positive approach to omission control i: to prevent leaks from occurring. Some asbestos companies are using extremely strong bags at little cost penal cy. Drop tests are co;::oonly used to measure the durability of loaded*;'*ckages. Eulk shipments present different problem. Some loader and unloading systems cry.'ey air conveying of the material. After separation of the largo fibers, the exhausting air must bo control It by fabric filtration to eliminate the invisible sub-micron par fa! o'? Oust tight vehicles are a must to prevent emissions during transit. Labelling as to asbestos content is an important aspect of emission control. In the event of accident, clean-up crows can be advised to use dust!css methods to remove spilled material. Shippers and handlers v/fll be aware of the need to avoid rough handling and to minimi,ze spills. * * 1.2.8 Tailings Pumps - Tailings dumps arc most often extensive areas.of exposei spent ore. Asbestos content still exceeds that of normal surface materials. Emissions occur during conveying, bull dozing or other distrubtr.ces and by natural forces. ;!o clearly superior method has been developed for all tailing dumps. Each operator must decide which method will be best at his location. Watting, chemical treatment, and reforestation have been used. r#*> AIA-38 or -r^o^^os ';, '''.3 'J ^ ,f' : C^rrzxlz^. .\r, cs-; ' "j , , ' ,-. . . * - *. :t. . -. /t ^ ro - - * ffusa. a.2 regulations ar* sources cc;:~:o:i tc processes, . J 1.3.1 Manufacturing - "ourcos of emissions injludo gas sbrooms used to' centre i bits. If , r r* J inside plan ts or as part cf i tsol been f r' Wi such "iized as air uc.r oyi extensive' v J V'*J ;g of matari icre rccircu al la , Fabric filt Lion cf air -;t dee is Cft (rev. M). bum r.'Otivuol ox "0 cures have bee ..V c ftI eration or'1 o: ' v'*1 'i 'l'1-".* i C, 1 n {ref. lb). ' Some manufacturing operations generate explosive or fire 'm-oard dusts. Others such as asbestos caper manufacturing ventilate extremely v;et gas streams. Such operations are best controlled by high efficiency scrubbers. ' ' 1.3.2 Ventilation F`r - In general most plants maintain occupat'ionafiy'' safe levels within the working arses and v.v.:ru such levels are maintained exhaust cf in-plant air to the ' ' atmosphere would not constitute,.a.significant emission source. However, scc:e operators prefer'to equip personnel with res ova tors ' rather than control dust levels and ventilation air from these operations can be significant emission sources. Such sre-.\:os -ire readily evident by the accumulation of fibrous particle:; around exhaust points. It would benefit operators to maintain safe implant levels rather than bo faced with the prospect of filtering iarga amounts of ventilation air. 1.3.3 Product Shi mart - The large variety of asbestos product' i Vv require different degrees of packaging to limit emissions during shining. Seme products may not require any special packing, such ^ as filled plastics or vinyl tiles. Others, such as asbestos ermortj require dust tight packages equivalent to fiber shipping bags. More - important Is the requirement of labelling to instruct users to handle with care and to utilize proper disposal methods. 1.4 Product Use Products containing asbestos are used extensively in the construction industry. Many users never generate dust from the product. This is especially true of pycducts^whore the asbestos is firmly bound in a matrix of polymeric or cementations material. Other users generate significant quantities of asbestos omissions fre.u asbestos containing products where the asbestos is not firmly bound'. Regulation and enforcement will be difficult and successful control will depend upon public awareness and concern. Emission controls have been developed for two useful types of products. 01--021678-9 AIA-38 1.4.; 3io:x ' - Ca'cv.-i :i* icato b'cr.::or? is US.-;-.'. i Y - i y i`l_ ' ''S :7 ;7,, ` 'Jo;'. *"/, ic iti CCS . Til i 5 J ic" U s Insulation unions h.r. e efforts by act*. ji': r\ intrcdvce prcmel .'vi blech 'or bends ar.d joints v.-h1ch the unions claim. will be detrimental to th:i r trada. Prv/.-.tb.'.-J iniuloticn would erectly reduce omissions from field shaping or those pre :s. Where cutting is essential special- saws have door developed v.-h ice have fabric vil traticr of exhausted dust (ref. 13). con: n l.i to 77 ccrcc:--; tos. they r : . in open troughs or buckets, releasing 1 arge quantities of o .7.. Special packages 'nave been developed which permit introduce'or o' water and nixing prior to opening (ref. 16). . 1.5 ste Riseocel end Dr.-el itio_n - 31 speed of asbestos certain-; is a very d*i sparser em'fssien p:'c0j 1ic*0m0!. '.tastes containing ccerst'-r -orshipping ec.ntainors, manufacturing rejects, esed products, and vsl'i'*';-. costs. Thors is little or no treat-ont given to waste .to ter ids rart.v asbestos witii respect be minimizirg-ToTissions during disposal. 7-:--c'r material is discarded on open dumps and becomes a continual source of emissions'. 1.5.1 fo~3v~l of .'b^stos Conte 1 nine Insolation - As ale-os t every building contains seise asbestos, the regulation is limited structures containing over 50 lbs. The'regulation also appl in! to industrial ar.d ship building operations where large nwr.^ts of insulation are being used. British engineers have pioneered in the use of water and special injection nozzles to wet insulation prior to removal (ref. 17). enclosure has also been used to limit nt:..-cp:-r: con tern nation. This standard has been left relatively cr.restrictlve to perait freedom in development of new and improved removal rethevW. 1.5.2 Haste Disposal - Tha method of ultimate disposal which minimizes asbestos amission to the atmosphere is subsurface disposal. A well operated disposal program will have to be established ir which asbestos wastes are segregated and buried. These programs can oc . cooperatives between m.anufacturers, construct ic:i contractors, demolition contractors and disposal area managers. Tills pregram must include provisions to minimi'ze'emissions during all phases, including transported on. to disposal si toe (ref. 13). .1.6 Seeciffc Prohibition - In establishing rigorous emission standards, consideration must bs giTen to the recommendation of prohibition of these uses of hazardous materials whore adequate controls have rot boon demonstrated or where the hazard presented exceeds the value achieved. ^ _n"*> i a 7 *3 3 AIA-38 -, i 1 ;:,v ' ;* i";':';''--'?' - r ' ' ' ' : -vj :> ' - ' - : `; ' ' " y ' v v V/ ; - : . . : .' . ... . . c . : V.-; :.V: .-Yarcisco /". i'.orY.-: to pro:*.: b i t ike use or csbest'-s cent a i .1: ng spray fr **e;. : al re.? !y 'h"'ti`:::d pr-oh i b Y' c" tbrourk contro!. " rprcvcn control syr. for spraying have been* proposed. .-opr pro'.".:.'! ?radac/sate (ref. i'.'j, Sri**1' ;e--oc . 'ruiYr V/rir 0 i ;; : z ion-; by " j r. y.V-y i ;! i.-; ..k-y,v ; r* ? fiber arl i cm Y: cpplicc i.j i;>j .v a . .'vi!'::'.c 1;c as use-.: for ; j. compositions. !!o additional operator training is rurrj-ired. -Cities are also concerned 'v/i'th asbestos emissions which v;i!7 to torerotee 'when asbestos fireproofed buildings are do;-o' isbo'i. .\sbcstc3 fireproofing of structural steal '-.`as not Y.tro'bT.'.d t.Y: late litO's a:vi ';w building; treated in this :.ro.;:::er hr.; d-colishetl. Officials estimate tea year 29CG will ho '.he YyY.Y y da .'el icier, prcblcvs. .-- ^----- '' The presence of so;table substitutes at little-or "0 increase in cost ant! difficulty or emissions control durir.y both ap ;! \ a:r.i dans 1 ition cr-.tr. that prohibition is v;arrlntori. 1.5.2 i-tlsc-il-ropy- >?: - The -finely divided rat'.-ra 0" .-.sbestv:-, floats and trortn ctt.^rlTd-v/lth the rbsorbitivity and rh>-. r;;i inactivi ty. s;;be them ':orr$ likely candidates for rbrn-bv. - s.stv:- ard dispersing r.ocioms. Other ir.crt material2 are availcclo t:r such purposes, the uso of asbestos is highly unwarranted >7 vi;:/ of its hatardcus nat'rro. This r/rehiblts such uses as inocctlc'-'o dispersants and oij ahsor1;:.::-:; (ref. 20). *" ~ 2.1 Ocu1 aront Sooclflea tiens - Specifications on required control ocvinrneiit are intended to insure equivalent asbestos rerueva! efficiency. Most of the specifications aro*'oassd upon bast current installations. 2.1.1 rahric Filters - fabric filters are the primary control device required hy tnis regulation. Ti-sey have baers reprrtivi to be batter than 99.00 percent efficient on a mess basis col lectin/; asbestos mill dust (n;f. 21). Many reports of tests on return from fabric filters she:-/ that the devices can control dust bo! occupational threshold values. O* 1-021^ AIA-38 oi 1 . I* ; * - "; t t ' j - -- ts are in use today {ref. 22). * "7 > * / -J +' ' t.^ * 1 i: ^~ //or 2.1.1.1 - Construction is specified to provent emissions of untreated fust. 2.1.1.2 l-rastas - 7h prehibitien of bypasses insures hr-:t plants :-n i I rot opcrate in an unccr.tr.ol 1 r.d merer, 2.1.1.3 forcers - Mary filter users hove no previsions for ampcyir.j .'.op-pars without re-releasing the dost to tin: af'eSpbr-'C. rubric filter manufactures nave dove!oped many systems to bond*;: collected dust. 2.1.1.4 Fabrics - Fabric efficiency is highly rfeoondcnt '-pm air flew pormnaTn :' ty. Lev; air permeability iion tha: ':bp fabric will nave hinn collection efficiency. The racing 20 cf at 1/2 in. `<'?0 is equivalent to standard cotton cans v.vie:: yam attained S3.1,'; percent efficiency. Too ratine of 30 cfm/f -*: 1/2 in. fij>0 is o.r o'";ival e:v;'Y'ating for orlcn fabrics use.: successfully by industry. Fabrics -1-svin<j higher >a'r;ts?.bi jities will cot bo permitted. 2.1.2 A1 tenantire Covicos - There are certain conditions v/nero fabric TiTtars are net applicable. Those include very he.:: 1:: ;::..bie;t taneerasure gas siresrs and onolosive or f!amebic c!::st loafs. Scrubbers arc better suited for these cases but nrjsbo specified to guarantee equivalent efficiency. In acciition, other dev'cos installed at the option of the manufacturer- must be certified for carpiiarea. 2.1.2.1 Scrubbers - High energy venturi scrubbers are the most efficient typo of scrubber for submicron particles, fhe pressure drops necessary for good efficiency are high and vary semewhct with scrubber design. Forty inches of pressure drop will obtain 95S efficiency for .2Su particles in wall designed units (rof. 23). 2.1.2.2 Other devices -.Alternative devices installed where fabric filters arc applicable must os certified to bo at least equivalent to fabric filters. 'This regulation is net intended to prevent development of improved devices but is designed to provide equivalent control of emissions. It is not possible at this tire to clearly define equivalency because of the long standing lack of per-'-r-m.nco data for fabric filters in the asbestos industry. Through the years the fabric "ilter has developed a 1-0216791 AIA-38 S'.; i '/'' irol ;* at'irsfi's o:~v;5io"s. * -i ** ' v ` ' " --s '*,! . .* iV3i*~-:-!cs ';c::ing. ; OiO prefer;tier: q? c.r.:: v: - ^ i, ', 'Jc.';.n V;Ui havi tc ir.ccrpcr-i'c lata J-rcai ootn fabric ?: ' tar* q] ' '*i VG CCViVl*!C;^T S'in'ilSr* 31-021 AIA-38 r \r eo.-s and F-ilssLer.s-C:-!:. Gichel, A-ri A :.'o ; -A 22-39-131 .i .~:h, 1970. v-os?-i-.'iick, C. "Gas!: Control in Ct:cn 'Jit laing and QL<UC ryui-' 10:Julv 19'3. 21-25. ?. "Use of lignin Sulfonate for Dost: Control on 111u' Holds in Arid Hestons", Cepartaent of Interior, Eu. Mine, 6^07, "ashingten, 3, C., March 1969. C, Munich, L. J. "ControL of Particulate .Hr, 1 onion iron L.i:-.o . Survey" JATCA Vol. 21 Ho. A, April 1971, p. 199. O.tf 1 Toe Cit Hof. 6 p. 200 Ref. 6 ?. 199 Ref. 6 p. 199 Hutcheson, .1. M. "Environmental Control in the As heat os Quebec". 73tn Annual General Meeting of the Canadian Mining and Metallurgy, .Quebce City, 1971 p. 9. 7 of 2 Of Ibid p. 3 in *; Coldfield, Joseph "Fabric Filters in Asbestos Mining and A3bee Manufacturing" APCO Fabric Fitter Symposium, dual ester., March 16-18, 1971. p. 3. Ibid p. 4 Asbestesis Research Council, "The Control of Dust by Fnhaust Ventilation When 'forking with Asbestos". Control and Safety Guide Ho, 7, Undon, 1970. 4a Mi. "Asbestos: Friend or Foe" Environmental Science and Technology 4:727-727, September 1970. 01-0216793 AIA-38 : "cli C "S: . ' ism Ci esiiv.* u 3 -s, - : ;J. .r. '('ioacc''. Ccv.rail, "lecc: -' -- u Cedi* o.i Prac;iee i1 e1: 3; a ,'V.cc rials" . V. , o, .(>Jv::.:bw il'S'J. ov Let"-, K. T. Trip r.eport io 0. M. Sl*ur*hcsr, CdSD See::- \.\ '::.y '.3, Li: 71. 1 > <i - n . 13, p. 13 ... Llini'?; C. and Wilder, J. "dr.-.tdjco>. 06 Fabric ;;r 'r:a'-; -.y" CCA Corpora. lion. Cl'CS .W-.CCA O.v.cract Co. CPA 22-11-33, ?;:...: voi.- : p. i-:c - 1-37. " 1. an. KoaveroL dnvLror-.-.'a3a 1 Ccr7*rui Systems C.'.ualc^ 7.1 pa^e Q1-0 216794