Document eEMJ1aRGr7XXKZeQavN82dgE
Electronically Served 9/22/2017 10:33 PM Hennepin County, MN
27-CV-10-28862
Filed in Fourth Judicial District Court 11/17/2017 7:31 PM
Hennepin County, MN
STATE OF MINNESOTA DISTRICT COURT FOR THE COUNTY OF HENNEPIN FOURTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
CIVIL ACTION NO. 27-CV-10-28862 STATE OF MINNESOTA, et al. v. 3M COMPANY
EXPERT REPORT OF PHILIPPE GRANDJEAN, MD, DMSc
PREPARED ON BEHALF OF PLAINTIFF STATE OF MINNESOTA
22 September, 2017
CONFIDENTIAL - SUBJECT TO A PROTECTIVE ORDER ENTERED IN HENNEPIN COUNTY DISTRICT COURT, NO. 27-CV-10-28862
27-CV-10-28862
Filed in Fourth Judicial District Court 11/17/2017 7:31 PM
Hennepin County, MN
in elderly subjects from the Faroe Islands, where exposure levels are sim ilar to background levels in the US (unpublished results).
h. D ata from the C8 project show ed that total cholesterol and LD Lcholesterol increased at higher PFO A exposures (and HD L increases in w om en) [235]. The variability in PFC -associated cholesterol changes is quite large [8], although a variety o f factors, such as age, sex, and body mass index could affect the degrees o f the relationship [284].
i. Indirect evidence suggests th at PFC m etabolism is n ot linked to changes in lipid m etabolism (which w ould suggest a reverse causation), thereby rejecting a hypothesis that both PFCs and cholesterol could be affected by a comm on cause that would produce apparent positive associations betw een PFCs and cholesterols in serum. Thus, subjects w ho are taking statins to decrease their serum -cholesterol do not show any low er serum -PFC concentrations [282]. This report agrees w ith our findings in the Faroes (unpublished).
j. W hile early data from C ottage G rove suggested no risk, an increased risk o f cerebrovascular disease was indicated by a m ortality study that relied on com parisons w ith the general population [285]. The subsequent 3M -supported follow-up [76] again showed strongly elevated risk of cerebrovascular death in workers with high exposure, especially when compared to an internal control group. The draft report by Drs Lundin and A lexander from the University o f M in nesotaiiiii provides a b alanced presentation, b u t the published article th at w as co-authored by 3M 's Dr. Olsen calls the association "inconsistent" because the m ortality was not clearly elevated when compared to the general M innesota population.
k. C ross-sectional N H A N E S data suggest that serum -PFO A concentration is associated w ith systolic blood pressure and the risk o f hypertension [286]. H ypertension may relate to an increased risk o f cerebrovascular mortality.
l. N H A N E S data suggest th at increased serum concentrations o f P F O A and PFOS are associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease, as defined by a low g lom erular filtration rate [287].JJJJJ H ere, reverse causation cannot be ruled out, i.e., th at kidney disease prevents PFC excretion via the urine[59]. A m ajor caveat, however, is that PFB A was not considered, as it may not have been detectable in the serum, while the m ajor accum ulation in the body is in the kidneys [52].
m. Regarding uric acid, the C8 Project exam ined its association w ith serum PFO A levels after adjustm ent for potential confounders. An increased risk o f elevated uric acid was found in adults, including clinically defined hyperuricem ia [288]. Again, this evidence is yet somewhat uncertain, as reverse causation may be present.
111113MA02557439.pdf. Final report, Mortality of Employees of an Ammonium Perfluorooctanoate Production Facility, August 22, 2007. jjjjj I note that the first author of this article, and co-author of five other publications on cardiovascular outcomes in PFOS-exposed populations, has provided erroneous information to the West Virginia University regarding his educational background. The articles in question were co-authored be established colleagues, and none of them has been retracted.
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CONFIDENTIAL - SUBJECT TO A PROTECTIVE ORDER ENTERED IN HENNEPIN COUNTY DISTRICT COURT, NO. 27-CV-10-28862
27-CV-10-28862
Filed in Fourth Judicial District Court 11/17/2017 7:31 PM
Hennepin County, MN
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283. Nelson JW, Hatch EE, W ebster TF: Exposure to polyfluoroalkyl chemicals and cholesterol, body weight, and insulin resistance in the general U.S. population. Environ H ealth P erspect 2010, 118(2):197-202.
284. Kerger BD, Copeland TL, DeCaprio AP: Tenuous dose-response correlations for com m on disease states: case study o f cholesterol and perfluorooctanoate/sulfonate (PFOA/PFOS) in the C8 Health Project. D rug Chem Toxicol 2011, 34(4):396-404.
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CONFIDENTIAL - SUBJECT TO A PROTECTIVE ORDER ENTERED IN HENNEPIN COUNTY DISTRICT COURT, NO. 27-CV-10-28862