Document e7kNLXdm3JBoymNMdjRKzb1Re

S T 0 0 5 I128 VjfZ'P'f- & ^ /e - 05 A/ Appendix A3. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Respiratory Protection (29 CFR 1910.134) 1910.134 RESPIRATORY PROTECTION (a) PERMISSIBLE PRACTICE (1) In the control of those occupational diseases caused by breathing air contaminated with harmful dusts, fogs, fumes, mists, gases, smokes, sprays, or vapors, the primary objective shall be to prevent atmospheric contamination. This shall be accomplished as far as feasible by accepted engineering control measures (for example, enclosure or confinement of the operation, general and local venti lation, and substitution of less toxic materials). When effective engineering controls are not feasible, or while they are being instituted, appropriate respirators shall be used pursuant to the following requirements. (2) Respirators shall be provided by the employer when such equipment is necessary to protect the health of the employee. The employer shall provide the respirators which are applicable and suitable for the purpose intended. The employer shall be responsible for the establishment and maintenance of a respiratory protective program which shall include the requirements outlined in paragraph (b) of this section. (3) The employee shall use the provided respiratory protection in accordance with instructions and training received. y /O. A3 ^ A (b) REQUIREMENTS FOR A MINIMAL ACCEPTABLE PROGRAM (1) Written standard operating procedures governing the selection and use of respirators shall be established. (2) Respirators shall be selected on the basis of hazards to which the worker is exposed. (3) The user shall be instructed and trained in the proper use of respirators and their limitations. (4) Where practicable, the respirators should be assigned to individual workers for their exclusive use (3) Respirators shall be regularly cleaned and disinfected. Those issued for the exclusive use of one worker should be cleaned after each day's use, or more often if necessary. Those used by more than one worker shall be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected after each use. (6) Respirators shall be stored in a convenient, clean, and sanitary location. (7) Respirators used routinely shall be inspected during cleaning. Worn or deteriorated parts shall be replaced. Respirators for emergency use such as self-contained devices shall be thoroughly inspected at least once a month and after each use. (8) Appropriate surveillance of work area conditions and degree of employee exposure or stress shall be maintained. (9) There shall be regular inspection and evaluation to determine the continued effectiveness of the program. (10) Persons should not be assigned to tasks requiring use of respirators unless it has been determined that they are physically able to perform the work and use the equipment. The local physician shall determine what health and physical conditions are pertinent. The respirator user's medical status should be reviewed periodically (for instance, annually). (11) Approved or accepted respirators shall be used when they are available. The respirator furnished shall provide adequate respiratory protection against the particular hazard for which it is designed in accordance with standards established by competant authorities. The US. Department of Interior, Bureau of Mines, and the U S. Department of Agriculture are recognized as such authorities. Although respirators listed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture continue ro be acceptable for protection against specified pesticides, the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, is the agency now responsible for testing and approving pesticide respirators. 342-1 S T 0 0 5 I129 (c) SELECTION OF RESPIRATORS Proper selection of respirators shall be made according to the guidance of American National Standard Practices for Respiratory Protection Z88.2-1969. (d) AIR QUALITY (1) Compressed air, compressed oxygen, liquid air, and liquid oxygen used for respiration shall be of high purity Oxygen shall meet the requirements of the United States Pharmacopoeia for medical or breathing oxygen. Breathing air shall meet at least the requirements of the specification for Grade D breathing air as described in Compressed Gas Association Commodity Specification G-7.1-1966. Compressed oxygen shall not be used in supplied-air respirators or in open circuit self-contained breathing apparatus that have previously used compressed air. Oxygen must never be used with air line respirators. (2) Breathing air may be supplied to respirators from cylinders or air compressors. (D Cylinders shall be tested and maintained as prescribed m the Shipping Container Specifi cation Regulations of the Department of Transportation (-49 CFR Part 178). 'in The compressor for supplying air shall be equipped with necessary safety and standby devices. A breathing air-type compressor shall be used. Compressors shall be constructed and situated so as to avoid entry of contaminated air into the system and suitable in-line air-purifying sorbent beds and filters installed to further assure breathing air quality. A receiver of sufficient capacity to enable the respirator wearer to escape from a contaminated atmosphere in event of compressor failure, and alarms to indicate compressor failure and overheating shall be installed in the system. If an oil-lubricated compressor is used, it shall have a high-temperature or carbon monoxide alarm, or both. If only a high-temperature alarm is used, the air from the compressor shall be frequently tested for carbon monoxide to insure that it meets the specifications in paragraph (d)(1) of this section. (3) Air line couplings shall be incompatible with outlets for other gas systems to prevent inadvertant servicing of air line respirators with nonrespirable gases or oxygen. (4) Breathing gas containers shall be marked in accordance with American National Standard Method of Marking Portable Compressed Gas Containers to Identify the Material Contained, Z48.1-1954; Federal Specification BB-A-1034a, June 21, 1968, Air, Compressed for Breathing Purposes; or Interim Federal Specification GG-B-00675b, April 27, 1965, Breathing Apparatus, Self-Contained. (e) USE OF RESPIRATORS (1) Standard procedures shall be developed for respirator use. These should include all information and guidance necessary for their proper selection, use, and care. Possible emergency and routine uses of respirators should be anticipated and planned for. (2) The correct respirator shall be specified for each job The respirator type is usually specified in the work procedures by a qualified individual supervising the respiratory protective program. The individual issuing them shall be adequately instructed to insure that the correct respirator is issued. Each respirator permanently assigned to an individual should be durably marked to indicate to whom it was assigned. This mark shall not affect the respirator performance in any way. The date of issuance should be recorded. (3) Written procedures shall be prepared covering safe use of respirators in dangerous atmospheres that might be encountered in normal operations or in emergencies Personnel shall be familiar with these procedures and the available respirators. (i) In areas where the wearer, with failure of the respirator, could be overcome by a toxic or oxygen-deficient atmosphere, at least one additional man shall be present. Communications (visual, voice, or signal line) shall be maintained between both or all individuals present. Planning shall be such that one individual will be unaffected by any likely incident and have 342-2 ST005!130 the proper rescue equipment to be able to assist the other(s) in case of emergency. hi) When self-contained breathing apparatus or hose masks with blowers are used in atmo spheres immediately dangerous to life or health, standby men must be present with suitable rescue equipment. (tit) Persons using air line respirators in atmospheres immediately hazardous to life or health shall be equipped with safety harnesses and safety lines for lifting or removing persons from hazardous atmospheres or other and equivalent provisions for the rescue of persons from hazardous atmospheres shall be used. A standby man or men with suitable selfcontained breathing apparatus shall be at the nearest fresh air base for emergeiicy rescue. (4) Respiratory protection is no better than the respirator in use, even though it is worn conscientiously. Frequent random inspections shall be conducted by a qualified individual to assure that respirators are properly selected, used, cleaned, and maintained. (5) For safe use of any respirator, it is essential that the user be properly instructed in its selection, use, and maintenance. Both supervisors and workers shall be so instructed by competent persons. Training shall provide the men an opportunity to handle the respirator, have it fitted properly, test its face-piece-to-face seal, wear it in normal air for a long familiarity period, and, finally, to wear it in a test atmosphere. m Every respirator wearer shall receive firring instructions including demonstrations and practice in how the respirator should be worn, how to adjust it, and how to determine if it fits properly. Respirators shall not be worn when conditions prevent a good face seal. Such conditions may be a growth of beard, sideburns, a skull cap rhar projects under the facepiece, or temple pieces on glasses. Also, the absence of one or both dentures can seriously affect the fit of a facepiece. The worker's diligence in observing these factors shall be evaluated by periodic check. To assure proper protection, the facepiece fit shall be checked by the wearer each time he puts on the respirator. This may be done by following the man ufacturer s facepiece fitting instructions. iiii Providing respiratory protection for individuals wearing corrective glasses is a serious problem. A proper seal cannot be established if the temple bars of eye glasses extend through the sealing edge of the full facepiece. As a temporary measure, glasses with short temple bars or without temple bars may be taped to the wearer's head. Wearing of contact lenses in contaminated atmospheres with a respirator shall not be allowed. Systems have have been developed for mounting corrective lenses inside full facepieces. When a workman must wear corrective lenses as parr of the facepiece, the facepiece and lenses shall be fitted by qualified individuals to provide good vision, comfort, and a gas-tight seal. mu If corrective spectacles or goggles are required, they shall be worn so as not to affect the fit of the facepiece. Proper selection of equipment will minimize or avoid this problem. (f) MAINTENANCE AND CARE OF RESPIRATORS (1) A program for maintenance and care of respirators shall be adjusted to the type of plant, working conditions, and hazards involved, and shall include the following basic services: in Inspection for defects (including a leak check), mi Cleaning and disinfecting, Inn Repair, ini Storage Equipment shall be properly maintained to retain its original effectiveness. (2) in All respirators shall be inspected routinely before and after each use. A respirator that is not routinely used bur is kept ready for emergency use shall be inspected after each use and at least monthly to assure that it is in satisfactory working condition. 342-3 ST005I 131 hi) Self-containing breathing apparatus shah be inspected monthly. Air and oxygen cylinders shall be fully charged according to the manufacturer's instructions. It shall be determined that the regulator and warning devices function properly. (tit) Respirator inspection shall include a check of the tightness of connections and the condition of the facepiece, headbands, valves, connecting tube, and canisters. Rubber or elastomer parts shall be inspected for pliability and signs of deterioration. Stretching and manipulating rubber or elastomer parts with a massaging action will keep them pliable and flexible and prevent them from taking a set during storage. hv) A record shall be kept of inspection dates and findings for respirators maintained for emergency use. (3) Routinely used respirators shall be collected, cleaned, and disinfected as frequently as necessary to insure that proper protection is provided for the wearer. Each worker should be briefed on the clean ing procedure and be assured that he will always receive a clean and disinfected respirator. Such assurances are of greatest significance when respirators are not individually assigned to workers. Respirators maintained for emergency use shall be cleaned and disinfected after each use. (4) Replacement or repairs shall be done only by experienced persons with parts designed for the respi rator. No attempt shall be made to replace components or to make adjustment or repairs beyond the manufacturer's recommendations. Reducing or admission valves or regulators shall be returned to the manufacturer or to a trained technician for adjustment or repair. (5) rAfter inspection, cleaning, and necessary repair, respirators shall be stored to protect against dust, sunlight, heat, extreme cold, excessive moisture, or damaging chemicals. Respirators placed at stations and work areas for emergency use should be quickly accessible at all times and should be stored in compartments built for the purpose. The compartments shoukLbe clearly marked. Routinely used respirators, such as dust respirators, may be placed in plastic bags. Respirators should not be stored in such places as lockers or tool boxes unless they are in carrying cases or cartons. hi) Respirators should be packed or stored so that the facepiece and exhalation valve will rest in a normal position and function will not be impaired by the elastomer setting in an ab normal position. hit) Instructions for proper storage of emergency respirators, such as gas masks and selfcontained breathing apparatus, are found in "use and cate'' instructions usually mounted inside the carrying case lid. (g) IDENTIFICATION OF GAS MASK CANISTERS (1) The primary means of identifying a gas mask canister shall be by means of properly worded labels. The secondary means of identifying a gas mask canister shall be by a color code. (2) All who issue or use gas masks falling within the scope of this section shall see that all gas masks canisters purchased or used by them are properly lableled and colored in accordance with these re quirements before they are placed in service and that the labels and colors are properly maintained at all times thereafter until the canisters have completely served their purpose. (3) On each canister shall appear in bold letters the following: j Canister for (Name for atmospheric contaminant) or Type N Gas Mask Canister hi) In addition, essentially the following wording shall appear beneath the appropriate phrase on the canister label: "For respiratory protection in atmosphere containing not more than percent by volume of------------------------------------------------------------------------." (Name of atmospheric contaminant) 342-4 S T 0 0 5 I132 (4) Canisters having a special high-efficiency filter for protection against radionuclides and other highly toxic particulates shall be labeled with a statement of the type and degree of protection afforded by the filter The label shall be affixed to the neck end of, or to the gray stripe which is around and near the top of, the canister. The degree of protection shall be marked as the percent of penetration of the canister by a 0.3-micron-diameter dioctyl phthalate (DOP) smoke at a flow rate of 85 liters per minute. (5) Each canister shall have a label warning rhat gas masks should be used only in atmospheres con taining sufficient oxygen to support life (at least 16 percent by volume), since gas mask canisters are only designed to neutralize or remove contaminants from the air. (6) Each gas mask canister shall be painted a distinctive color or combination of colors indicated in Table 1-1. All colors used shall be such that they are clearly identifiable by the user and clearly distinguishable from one another. The color coating used shall offer a high degree of resistance to chipping, scaling, peeling, blistering, fading, and the effects of the ordinary atmospheres 'o which they may be exposed under normal conditions of storage and use. Appropriately colored pressure sensitive tape may be used for the stripes. 342-5 S T 0 0 5 I133 Table 1-1. ATMOSPHERIC CONTAMINANTS TO BE PROTECTED AGAINST COLORS ASSIGNED* Acid gases......................................................................... White Hydrocyanic acid gas....................................................... White with 1/2 inch green stripe completely around the canister near the bottom Chlorine gas...................................................................... White with 1/2 inch yellow stripe completely around the canister near the bottom Organic vapors................................................................. Black Ammonia Gas................................................................. Green Acid gases and ammonia gas......................................... Green with 1/2 inch white stripe completely around the canister near the bottom Carbon monoxide............................................................. Blue Acid gases and organic vapors....................................... Yellow Hydrocyanic acid gas and chloropicrin vapor.............. Yellow with 1/2 inch blue stripe completely around the canister near the bottom Acid gases, organic vapors, and ammonia gases.......... Brown Radioactive materials, excepting tritium and noble gases Purple (Magenta) Particulates idusts, fumes, mists, fogs, or smokes) in combination with any of the above gases or vapors . . Canister color for contaminant, as designated above, with 1/2 inch gray strip completely around the canister near the top. All of the above atmospheric contaminants................ Red with 1/2 inch gray stripe completely around the canister near the top. Gray shall not be assigned as the main color for a canister designed to remove acids or vapors. NOTE: Orange shall be used as a complete body, or stripe color to represent gases not included in this table. The user will need to refer to the canister label to determine the degree of protection the canister will afford. (Secs. 4(b)(2), 6(b) and 8(c), 84 Stat. 1592, 1593, 1596, 29 U.S.C. 653,655,657; Secretary of Labor's Order No. 8-76 (41 FR 25059); 29 CFR Part 1911) (39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 43 FR 49748, Oct. 24, 1978) 342-6