Document e7B1YoBoKkrYqjXmxZZx0VEQG
LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION
23 MADISON AVENUE NEW YORK 17, N. Y.
troverabar 7, I960
SUBJECTi REPRLVT CF LEAD CEHAltTC RESEARCH PAPER
To Member* of the Lead Industries Association*
We are attaching a reprint from the Journal of the American Ceraiic Society entitled, "Cilatooetric and X-5ay Data for Lead Com pounds,3
As you will see, one of the authors of this paper Is the Ilk fellow at the Pennsylvania State University working under one of our ceramic research grants and the other author is his faculty supervisor.
o Information reported is the result of the first year of work by our
fellow which comprises the academic year 1958-59, This fellowship it now entering its third year and additional papers are to be expected as a result of it. Printing of the paper in the Ceramic Society Jour nal has, of course, given it wide distribution throughout the ceramic industry and we have purchased a limited number of reprints to b used in answering inquiries and for personal distribution where we think it will be beneficial.
Members can obtain additional copies from us up to 2$ free of charge and copies in quantity at our cost of 10# each, as long as our limited supply lasts.
Very truly yours.
l
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LIA24404
|Knm*<4 fn (W Jarwal at TW A wnru Cvuur 3ur*tf. W U, .W I. !W|4fW, twW I
Dilatometric and X-Ray Data for Lead Compounds, I
Crf| *f
by J. F. ARGYIE and F. A. HUMMa
TM $l(t Uw*fb*y. Uwinfi^y
la
Linear thermal-erpansion data are presented for lead silicate, lead phosphate, lead borosilicate, and lead sfllcophosphate compounds. X-ray .powder data for the compounds are (ivcta, .l M previous phase equilibria and X-ray data are
discussed briefly.
L Introduction
ut. influence *4 trad ox*<ic u the lbe-nual-cx|iua*iofi char
Tacteristics of trlos-es. glares. and enamels has been ntensivefy invevticclcd ami mam data are available. F< many tyj*-* <4 lead glasses ne already Lnowi the ea pan<i<D characteristic* <e can c imIv jccdtct what changes in exftatuaon will *<rur by raising c lowering Ibe lead content
In contrast. very few thrrma]-cx|jajiN*on data are avail able f>e crystalline lead cncrjasiuds The objective of this <TKi of jafrr* is to jgovidc new ex|anum and X rav data <<n synthetic lead cmfaamd* It is antidjated that these data will lw useful in ca<es where a crystalline lead-containing errantic is jvejared hv nocWaiioa and vlcviirdicatioii of high lead glasses or by wintering e reaction of crysUuhor com pounds.
II. Utofotvro
(t) UodSZMm Getlcr. Creamer, and Bunting* confirmed the existence of
three lead silicate omimunds in hut and McMurdie and Bunting1 later studied their X rav [wltrrfli Other w/km. in particular Krakau and Vakhrameev,* ha\*e postulated cemjamnds of the o*np(FMtii<i altO SOj and dl*bO-2SiO|. the latter cierrspooding to the natural mineral haryvlite
0
(2) UorflioyWw
la VJV2 KroTl* found live cocni'iinds ia the binary system P.jO r/Hin the range 0 to 4ti mole P^V Later. Andrew and Fischer* dorrilird a mct|4kFst>hate and Schuli4 studied a tetrapbospbalr (.1l1il-2P/A)
(V o,
Olcllrf and Hunting* wicked nut phase rrlatwais in the *>*
tern and reacted the existence of a com
pound
It v f i said to melt meimgruently
at 5t*C. U* hem ;'l*bO Si<S and liquid. Moore and Eitrf* classified the ternary compound as an apatite after X-rsy cuminatioa.
f4| Uof S^csp^tpAuhi Paetj-.!: ind Dietzel* expkard the ternary system and re
ported M*bO-iy>. -^0* as a distinct compound. A second
Received iHixniUt V, IWV*, roun) iiyy received Mum IT.
IPflU. Contribution No W 2i, College of Mineral Industries,
The Prnn*\ Ivanu S*t ate I'oivmaty.
The writers are, respectivrly, Lrad Indnstries Asw^titbm
Mk-w and pnlcss.. IV-portmeni of Ceramic Technology, Cal
Wfr of Mineral Industries, The Pvnn>yl-aiu State Vor-crwty.
* R F (WIlef.A S Creamer, and K N Bunt ia*. "The System J Rtuat<k Sail fimr $Uin4*4i, U (-1 17-44
11*11). RP 7<W. Crram A**t* . li |ll| AM (IffM).
* H F MrMurdie and F. N Hunting, "X-Ray Studies (
Cm|aiund> m the Svstcm ITi<l SiO,." J. Retrunk
Bmr.
StcmduUt, li |4| .**>-47 (IKK); RP 1251; Grew Akttr. 14 |1|
33<!WJ1 K A Krakau aod X. A Vakhrameev, ''Diagtam id Equilib-
rium of the System Pbo-SiO.," Kemm i Strki* (Cetumtct if Gins). ft; 42-4.1 (HU2>; Centm Ahtlr . II |7J 4AI (IW).
*() A V Kroli, "Thefmiw.lte l'ut*T*u*hang dcr Pbiwphute dcs Hlriv und eini|e F'rwaruitsru uber die K*rvirttrtii**f<axnehi
dcTselU-n sowte tfirer lHriv; te in F'veni von Kucpletsaliew, namenllah denm def Thmua iiU'kc," Z. <wr(. Ckm, 74,
*- mow-*) (f) A V. KiiJI, "luer t'1tra|>h<*qihatc. 11, Thermlache
t'htrrsuchunc der cUsigru Pbmphate des Birk,** ihf , 77, 1-40
(IVI2I K R Amlrrsa ami K. Fiw her. "PiJymetar Mrta|>h>notute;
111, X Ray InvestiCstkFn *4 Kurnd's P<ta*wuiw XlefatAuaphate
and Studies <l Ldul Me1a|4i<b(lute |Pl(l*< hh| /' Z
*
*11pm Ckrm . 274 P1-5| ll (I9.M). Crraai Aktir, 1494,
Fvlmury.p *1 St hull, "Crystalline Tett4|>hosptutrs,M / anaff, s l
Hltpm Ckew. 247 fl 2] !< I-'
Crew tiOr. 1454,
July, p MA4e ' R F OelWr and B. N. Bunting. "The System PbO BA*
S'V J XfWik Aotf Bmr SUm4uUt> li !21 275 (14391;
RH int; Crraw Aktlr . IS |ll| .112 (IKItf).
* R P More and Williclm kite!, "A fhroMlirate *f the
ApstiteC.oaip.'* .Va/anrne*. knfitu. 44,2-'d*( IU.'*7) (ia Fmglnfc)
* II II partwh and A<M( Ihrtrel, "t'otersurhungeu 6bar
das Svstrm l*tdt Sifh P^.M CH* SvWrm PW>-SRh-PAk (iUftHk 5/e . 74 |91 34.V (IhM)
*****
i1
N 1694.01
iwwgs1
wMaafWBBBi
L IA2 4405
>a.
iii+ Jim h AmTi
September 1000
Dilitonuiric and X*Ray Data jot Lead Compound/, /
Tobla I, Composition ond Cokining ond Firing Treatments for teod Compounds
a*ei|hl per (*< no nni fcn,
PrO
C letutllull
Tr <*C)
Tiw (hr.)
Ptrf* atf bwa
T. t*C.)
Tlw (W)
PbOSrO, 2PUO SiO,
4Pt*0 SiO PbO PfO,
3l*bO-2PiO* 2PbO-PfO,
5PbO-2PA 3PbO PfO
4PbOPA SPbO-PA iPbO PA-SiOi
5PbO-BA-S0
78.81 88 14 83.71 6113
t o .a 75 88 79 .r% 82.50 80 30 93.15 84 07 80.50
6.50
21.19 11 80 0 28
4.50 485
38 88 20 78 24.11 20 28 17.50 13.70
7.83 10 77
750 24
725 24
*00 30
350 12 650 24 800 24 900 24 9*0 24
P00 24 tno 24 9.V) 24
500 24
750 6 723 0
700 0 550 650 e 800 900 0
970 900 0 800 e 9.0 6 500 e
453*,
o
pho*e, lGPbO'PiO'2S(Ot. was reported, but there is come
|>oint of the cuugruendy melting compound*. It was found
doubt about its existence.
tliat volatilization of constituents was not a serious problem
Uroje** patented refractory compositions in the ternary
alien calcining and firing was done 23*C. or more below the
system with the emjMrical formulas (.PbO)^,-(S*Oi)r-
fusion temperature*. Above ibe fusion temperatures, it
(
where the ratio of y to x is 0.35 to 0 TO. In this
was found that vaporization was appteciable, especially in the
range he claims three comfounds. 5PbO-3SKV2P/\.
phosphates. Hall*e and Cook" ba\-e recently provided quan
3PbO-2SiOr PjO*. and 1 llliO SSiO, 3P,C. All these
titative data on the volatility of lead silicate melts.
compounds art claimed to have \erv high melting points,
Thermal-expansion runs were made in s fused silica ver
the 5:3:2 composition not melting at 1700*C-, the 3:2:1 not
tical dilatcuicter, using s besting rate of 120*C. per hour
roclirng at 13U0*C., and the 11:8:3 not melting at 1400*C.
The expansions were measured by dial gauges which were
It is likely that these are empirical formulas rather than true
accurate to Vu.m in. At least two runs were made oo each
compounds in the usual chemical sense.
tficcixnca.
X-ray diffraction patterns were obtained on a Xoreko
RL experimental Pracedwees
Oraqrations were made from c p. lead carUmate, silicic acid, brie acid, and dtoirnv'nhim hydr<?en phrxphate .V/ler weighing, the batches were hand mixed in a glass mortar with acetone fie I j to 20 minutes and allowed to air-dry over night_ The batches were then heated gently in a Globar furnace to allow such o>mp-ncnls a* diammon'ium hydrogen pltosphate and brie acid to convert to the required oxide. Tlie initial calcining tcra|eraures were kept low enough (2tf)*C. fe 4 hour**) to etfrl HjO, NH*. and CO* but to pre
diffractometer using CuK* radiation. The specimens were gTT'und to pass a 200-mesh sieve and packed into sample holders in such a way as to minimize the Possibility of any lreferred rrienUtion of the crystal aggregate. The samj*?r* were run between 10* and SO* 2# at 1* 2# per minute. While the samples were being run, a scale factor of 4, a mul tiplier of 1. and a time constant of 4 were used, the strongest jicak of the ]>at;crn being brought completely onto the record ing chart by placing thin nickel foils in front of the counter tube when peak intensities required it.
9
vent the fc*s of amptocnU such as BjO|c PjO*. After V>w tcm|icralure calcining, the balcltcs were fired
fV. Experimental Results and Oitcutslon
to temjeratures sufficient to cause complete or |iartiaJ re
O IwJ SSicufae
action to eccur (Table 1). The mixtures were cooled, ground, remixed, and then fired until o-mpkte equilibrium was at tained, as indicated by X ray diffraction and petrographic examination.
After the final calcination, the hatches were ground, mixed with a Carbowax solution, and forced through a 20 mesh sieve, after which they were pressed mto 10- by ] by I <m. bars at Mm lb jer sq. in. The specimens were fired slowly to a point below the temperature of tiipiid fiemalioQ fie the particular eom(*tnd and held until the bar was sintered to a relatively dense condilioc. lleat-treatmcnti are shown ia Tatde t.
Tlte crystal sire of each compaind remained m fmall after calcination and final firing that the microscope was used only t** determine that the phases were homogeneous. The growth
larger crystal* suitable fie determinalkm id optical jeopertics would require the use of temfjcralurrs above the (u
The existence of the three compounds PbO-StOj. 2PbO-SiOj, and 4PIj O-SOt was verified, the data agreeing with that of Oiler, Creamer, and Punting 1 Attempts were made to synthesize the two previously suggested compounds 3PbO*5R)j and OiIj O-SSKV by the usual solid-state methods and also by devitrification of a glass in the case of 3P1j O - 2StO|. All the attempts failed, the X rav diffraction |>aUrrii$ yield ing a mixture of 41'bO-SiO, and 2Pl(0- SiOi in the case of the 3:1 conpotion and 2P1>0-SiO* and PbOSrOi ia the ease of the 3:2 comf**itoe. These data show that these two comjmund* proltatily do not exist in the binary system PbO-SiO* urwkr normal conditions of temperature and pressure.
Tlw extension curves (Pig. 1) are continuous io the cases of HiO SrO] and 2110-StOj, but the 4PlO-SiOt cunt shows a discontinuity due to the reversible inversion of v4PbO*- SiO| (o /H.^iO JxO] According to Geller, Creamer, and
,o
EC Bnfe. 'Lead SlropImspHate Compillns snd Pnee*ws fir Preparing Them." IV 5 Pat No. 2,703,500, Sept. IB, IVj G, Ceeuiw. Atdr . IM7, January.p 22g.
11 R I. Hll*e end R. L. Cn*>k, "Volatility Studies at Lead Siliraie Melu." J Am Cf*m S*t ,41 {9(331-30(19581.
mm wii u1
. '!
... ......... . LIA24406
Journal of The American Ceramic Society -.1 r^yle and Hummel
Vol- .3, No. 9
:
:
-
'w yi^ w r )i w^ ppiy j TPjiyg'^ iMgwfm
mw^ iT i y
V/. >
8.42 5.T9 3 6ft ft. 13 37 4.00 3.&ft a.rc 3 33 3 21 3 09 3 04 2M 2 TO 3.Hi
8 03 4 29 3 71 ft.fift 3 22 3 13 3 00 3 93 3 89 2.80
7 St & 91 9.47 4 2 3 23 3 13 3 03
Table I. X-Ray Diffraction Data for toad Silicates
h'U / %
PbO-SiO,
JS
2 80
24
CO 2 74 13
39 2 71 38
1
2.as
33
2 ft! 8
ft8
2 .f>2
14
&5 2 48
44
2 37
6
too
2 34
73
41
2 23
71
ft20
, 8.20
U
31 2 14
48
2 03
13
28
2 (O
U
11
1 W7
ft
zno-sKH
39
2 7#
1ft
A
S.ftft '
24
27
2.43
13
18 2.4! 10
100 2 37 17
m
2 23
14
82
3 )
ft
21
2.03
10
1* 2 (II 10
38
i %a
7
>41*'' -:h
u 2.TO 17
3 2 '*2 14
3 3
2 73 2 08
ft
ft9
2M
3
100 2 4ft
38
1 901
3
1 mi 1 797 1 7*4 1 735 1 737 1 089 1 047 i a.9 1 .Vft 1.537 1 514 1 403 1 393 1 372 1 323 i an
1 XQ 1 Rft 1 791 1 TTft I.7M 1 731 1 ftJft 1 nng 1 493
1TO9 1 KM 1 824 1 .ATS 1 SM 1.53ft
l '
10
1f0t
1ft 13
1f9t
8
1ff1tt f4ftt fftt
14 ft 14 ft ft 4 7
1f7t
4ft toft
9 3
in lAnn J.ignu
iri"1 ^F-gg;ii "h u m
a ******
;iiW.n..am(U4W^-" wwju. --Miauiyi i wu i n . . --luu^yuuu^fyuni LIA24407
AA
A
September 1900
DtUlomrlrtc and X-Ray Ai/a for Lead Compounds, i
455
Hunting' a reversible 4 t inversion occurs at 7J0*C fliis inversion cannot fir c o m!*- demonstrated bv thermal expansion method* *ince the inversion lem|irr*tuxe t* onlv S*C. Iwlow the incongnicnt melting pmnt <>f 41'bOSiOj
Altlkiugh the X ray diffraction data (Table 111 agTee re* tonablv well with that of McMurdie and Bunting.* certain minor variation* are ap|*iuent, c*j< idlv with regard to d iparings A significant variation occur* to the case of 4l*b<)StO. where the relative intensities *vf the two Wrongest line* art reversed.
(2) Uod Photphofos
The existence of the five comjxAinds claimed by KruO* and the two claimed by Andress and Fiscber* and Schul/4 waa verified. Thus, in the binary* system l*bO-PjO there exist seven compounds, namely, 1:1. 3:2, 2:1. V2, 3:1, 4:1, and 8:1.
Some difficulty was encountered in preparing these etna pounds and obtaining reliable X rav diffraction pattern* Although the starling materials reacted readily. comj4eie equilifwiura was not always attained, mixed phases being com mon This difficulty was circumvented by pressing pellets ! cm. in diameter and approximately 1 cm. long under a pres *ia . of ]fXK> !b per sq. in. Specimen* were ground and re
mixed after initial calcination and {utrtml reaction and then
j*rwd into pellet* The jrllcts were fired to tcmjirfalures
where complete reactum occurred, as determined by checking
ailh X rav method* until the patterns obtained gave no
furtlier change on jeolonged heating
The thermal expansion runes are shown in Fig. 2 for
each compound exrcjit the 1:1. It was impossible to fire a
pressed lair of this c>tn|a>und f<< thermal-exjkan-.il n |Rir|xvsr,
since the large volume change in paving lhfi*ugh the tnver*iu6
at always sbuttcrrd the tar to a jaiwder. Kroll*
showed that the 4 I and 3 I cnmjx*unds had reversible in
versions at
and 177*C.. rcsjwctivdy These data were
confirmed in tlwx cxjwrimcnls, 1ml the thermal behavior
shown in Fig. 2 also indicate* inversions or discontinuities in
the o: 2 and 8. I compounds.
Differential thermal analysis data un these two compounds
showed no peals corfe'jxmding to the discontinuities in th*
thermal-ex(anskn curves. Inasmuch a* great cure was taken
to assure ctmtjiound <vmj*>silioos of exact stoichiometric
ratio and to avoid mixtures of phases and nonexpiilitarhus
conditions, there i* at present no explanation for these anom
alies.
The X-ray diffraction data for the *ewa compounds arc
given in Table lit. The pattern* of the 1:1. 3 1, 5-2. and
8 6? ; 63
25 6.61 & 91 5 07 4.80 4 72 4 ZA 4 36 3 90 3 82 3 71 3 53 3 41 3 35 3 30 3 24 3 22 3 06
7*6 6 61 6 8? 6.C7 4 82 4.72 4.68 3 83 3 79 3 69 3 63 3 41 3 34 3 22 3 2! 3 05 2.P9 2.77
Tobin 0L X-toy DiifrocAon Doto for Load fhosphot--
i /
4ismi
17*
4<*)
8
2 9*
37
33
2 93
18
68
2m
12
2 76
16
88
2 72
23
is
2 09
18
9
2 67
30
28
2 63
27
10
2 34
7
100
2 49
23
70
2 42
16
37
2 34
13
37
2 29
U
.S3
2 26
8
32
2 IS
18
43
2 13
30
53
2 09
23
36
2 <H
23
83
1 W9
23 *
36
1 22
14
3PbO-2tMJt
41
2 73
27
8
3 69
19
4
2 67
29
29
2 33
4
6
2 49
23
29
2 44
4
17
2 34
21
13
2 2V
18
13
2 27
10
35
3 20
8
ino
2 18
8
34
2 13
36
16
3 09
21
M
2 04
12
too
2 (J3
13
42
1 (90
13
36
t 926
26
21
1 WO
11
(Table Ul foniltided o fallowing page)
t 899 1.843 1 821 1.771 1.737 1 f/2 l r.ro 1 831 t r*9i 1 519 1 480 1.447 1 427 1 3H5 U'4 1 344 i ir# i zu 1 242
1.848 1 771 1 737 1.6i<9 1.670 1.650 1 A3! 1.616 i a* 1 642 i si: 1.480 1 3W 1 1*0 1 346 1.332 1 231
ru
8 9 12 7 17 to 12 6 1! 8 4 6 4 4 8 5 6 8 6
9 16 11 10 14 6 4 6 6 6 8 to 3 9 4 4
*wjgqmw
406
9#
I 1
rfu .)
0 37 5.79 4 90 4.75 4.40 4.10 9.72 3.47 2.38
3.87 4.no 4 46 4 35 4 29 4 17 4 00 987 3 79 9 52 3.40 3 33 3 27 320 3.14
9Q
6.71 4.72
4.00 3 40 3.12 9.05 2.84
6 97 5.04
5.01
4 77
4 00 4 33
4 13 3 87
3 72 3
3.56 3.4ft
3.39
3.34 3 27 3.19 3 12 3.06
7.14 0 91 4 82 4 72 4 17 3.63 3.48 3.13 3 05 2 95
mwre.jipmmi ijM^'Lifi
ui i *n
LIA24A08
AAm
Journal of The American Ccramit Society--Ar&U and Hummed
Tab!* 16 (coocfvdtd)
///,
*(**.)
t/f*________________________iff*
4 2 9 4 13 6 6 23 19
ft
10 11 19 7 27 21 64 20 48 11 77 77 56 49
29 29 91 7.8 12 61 1.4
2PbOPA
3 35 3 18
3 10
3 07 2 98 2 90 2,71
2.54 2.46
20 100
13
5PbO-2FA
3.07 3.00 2.7ft 2.72 2.09 2 S3 2 49
2.16 2 14 2.07
2.04 2 01
1.977 1.945 1.922
100
33 27
60
33 6 8
93 13 49 39
13
5f9t
U
3Pto PA
2 75 2 47 2 25
2 04 05
1.HT4
1.752
46 90
100 16 14 7.1 f.ft
1 32 2 21 1 30 2 12 1.907 1 (C 1.749 IM 1.589 1206
1 861 1811 1.781 1.7)0 1.067 1 047 1037 1 5J 1514 1.48ft 1 428 1.391 1 377 1.338
1.7*4 1 667 1 3m 1 377 1.549 1 546
4PbQ-PA
10
3*
06
:.945
15
2.90
91
I 914
IS
2 90
87
1 KK4
94 7
2 88 2 K!
WO 29
1 1 834
44
2.77
37
1.794
0
2 S3
7
1.76ft
13 7 7
2 49 2 29
229
7
12 6
1.004 1.58ft
i s
19 04 25
2 20 2.16 2 12
7 7
7
1 542 1 519 I 506
26 34 26
3 09 2 06 2 01
7 44
1.499 1.410 1.399
99
1.971
16
1381
37
1.901
34
1.296
STbO r/\
ft19
4
2.90 2.94
4 too
t ,007 1 023
2 06
14
t.500
4 4
2.56 2 IS
33 4
1.366 1 554
4
4 54 17
2 03 1M 1.909
1 941
4 7
23 10
1 526 1.421 127ft
4
1.704
IS
Vol 43, No. 9
4 4 10 18 8 6 4
4
27 7 8 7 9 8 19 U 7 < 9 7 19 >
1.2 I2 2.7 14 10 0 7.1
27 21 27 12 23 22 16
9 10 9 28 7 6 13 7 6 6
29
A
*,
f
r
i
ww
' '*?jug*
nmmpn
sauw
......... .. LIA2AA 09
September 1900
Dilatometru and X-Ray Data for Lead Compounds /
457 .
1:1 compounds were very ctmplicated. omtaimng a large number of peaks. In general, the cimfuundf with * higher kad content Rave somewhat simpler patterns, but this was not due **klv t<> the increasing alwrptiun <d X rayt as the kad content increased, as shown by the fact that the 2:1
ai.d 3:1 cntupHinds had a lirafikr pattern than the 4;1 compound.
It is obvious that there was one extremely strong re flection be the 3:1 compound and in the data given in Table III it seems that ail other peaks wire of relatively tow intensity. To Wing tbe 2.-.Va u. line cottt|4vtely onto the strip chart, a time constant of !G and several nickel foils had to be used. If the standard conditions jceviously dcscrilied were used (scale factor of 4, multitier of 1. and time constant of 4), the second strongest 3 12-a.u. peak would have an intensity of S3 against 440 for the 2.25-*.u. line.
* %
P) Load SCtopkiphaft and Uod ftsrosCcaie
The thermal-expansion Whavi* and X-ray diffraction dal* f* the 5:1:1 a'ltipmoos are shown in Fig. 3 and Talde IV, rejprrtiitlr. The thermal crjaiwoo of the tx*<rulie*te is considerably kss lb/ - that of the silicophosphate over the same temperature range.
V. Summery and Cenclutfow*
(1) Aggregate thermal-expansion data on kad silicate,
lead phosphate, kad borosilicate. and kad sdicoj4*>j*h4te
compounds show that the jer cent expansions range from
about 0 6 to about i.4 in tbe interval fn*a mnn tempera
ture to 700*C.
(2) The existence of several kad compounds has bee*
Rf X lifMta *.
(w J*VO' hOi $<Oi md
5*0 XO.r.Ok
suitsInitiated and X-ray diffraction data which ran hr used
* f<* their identification haw been provided.
Set *0
The voters *ff paidut for the Hiuiriil asst*anre i4 the Lead
Industries Asv>ulk which made posubk the jrcuiaUt)> and publishingo4 tbc-e dataou lead e>jcnpound*
4U*>
61 6 (9 4M 4 35 4 21 4 (JO 3 K7 3 71 3 56 3 43 3 29 sa 3 16
4 90 4 25 4 CM 3M 3 36 3 31 I *3 2U
Tobte fV. X-Roy Diffroction Doto foe leod SiWophosphcte ond lead BorosiKcot* /'/ 4 U
iPbOftOi-SO,
4
3 11
17
2 09
4
3 ;*
S
2 00
6
2 99
11
1 949
4
2 94
6
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