Document e76JQqQKL3jYaZvqpgX6pNGo9

FILE NAME: Shipbuilders Council of America (SHIP) DATE: 1970 Jan DOC#: SHIP001 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: US Dept of Labor Safety & Health Regulations for Shipbuilding US. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STANDARDS iga and Labor Standards Administration WASHINGTON, D .C. 20210 o f f ic ia l bu sin ess POSTAGE AND FEE S PAID u.s. d epa r tm en t o f labor iJ'fflRDXLASS MAILJ **>*-*-,.. PLAINTIFF'S fc EXHIBIT I . , - , ; * , Ofc SBC A 5102 1 5 S------------------- ------------ I Safety afnd Health Regulations for SHIPBUILDING January 1970 U.S. DEPARTMENT O F LABOR Wage and Labor Standards Administration P I IO C a i i r s c i a rv A fi 00652 Amendments to these regulations published in the Federal Register through JA N U A R Y 1, 1970, are Included in this pqmphlet. PART 1502-- SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR SHIPBUILDING Sec. 1502.1 1502.2 See. Subpart A -- General Provirfoni Purpose, scope en d responsibility. D efinitions. 1503.3 1503.4 P e n a lty . V ariation from th e regulations of this part. 1502.6 R eference specifications, stan d ard s, 1502.6 a n d codes. N otification of accidents resulting In fatalities or serious injuries. 1502.7 A m e n d m e n t of th e re g u la tio n s of th is part. Subpcrl B-- Explosive and Other Dangerous Atmospheres 1602.10 C o m p e te n t person. Subporl C-- Surface Preparation and Preservation 1602.21 150222 1602.23 1602224 1602.25 Toxic cleaning solvents. chem ical pain t and preservative rem overs. M echanical pain t removers. P a in tin g . Flam m able liquids. Subpart D-- Welding, Cutting and Healing 1502.31 1502.32 1502.33 1602.34 1502235 1502.36 1602.37 V entilation and protection In weld ing, cu ttin g and heating. Fire prevention. W elding, cu ttin g and heating In way of preservative coatings. W elding, cutting an d heating of hollow m etal contalnere and structures. a as welding and cutting. Arc welding and cutting. Uses of fissionable m aterial In ship building. Sub part E-- Scaffolds, Ladders an d Other Working Surfaces 1602.41 S caflolds o r stag in g . 1502.42 L ad d ers. 1602.43 G u a rd in g of deck: openings a n d edges. 1602.44 Access to vessels. 1602.45 Access t o a n d g u a rd in g o f d ry docks and m arine railways. 1502.46 Access to cargo spaces a n d co n fined spaces. 1602.47 W orking surfaces. Subpart F-- General Working Conditions 1602.51 H ousekeeping. - 1602.52 Illu m in a tio n . 1602.63 U tilitie s. 1502.64 W ork In confined o r Isolated spaces, 1502.65 W ork on o r in th e vicin ity of ra d a r , and radio. 1502.56 W o rk In o r o n lifeb o ats. 1502.57 H e a lth a n d sa n ita tio n . 1502 68 F ir s t aid. Subpart G -- Gear and Equipment for Rigging and 1502.61 1502.62 1502.63 Materials Handling Inspection, Ropes, chains an d slings. Shackles and hooks. Seo. 1602.64 1502.65 1602.66 1602.67 1502.68 . ,1 C h a in fa lls a n d p u ll- lll w.' H oisting and hauling equipm ent Use of gear. Q ualifications of operator*. T ab les. Subpart H-- Tools a n d Related Equipment 1502.71 G en eral p recau tio n s. 1602.72 P o r ta b le e le c tric to o ls. 1502 73-----E atid'toofcr: 1602.74 A b rasiv e w h eals. 1602.75 Pow der a c tu a te d fa s te n in g tools. 1502.76 I n te r n a l c o m b u stio n engines, ot' th a n ship's equ ip m en t. Subperl I-- Personal Protective Equipment 1602.81 1502.82 1602.83 1602.64 Eye protection. Respiratory protection. Head, foot an d body protection. Life saving equipm ent. Subpart J-- Ship's Machinery and Piping Sytli 1502.91 1502.92 1502.93 1502.94 S hip's boilerB. Ship's piping system s. S h ip 's p ro p u ls io n m a c h in e ry . S h ip 's d e c k m a c h in e ry . Svbpari K-- Portable, Unfired Pretture Vest Drums, and Containers, Other Than Sh Equipment 1502.101 P o rta b le a i r receiv ers a n d ot! unfired pressure vessels. 1602.102 D ru m s e n d co n tain ers. Svbport l -- Electrical Machinery 1502.111 E lectrical c irc u its a n d d la trlt tlon hoards. ArTHOUrr: The provisions of this P 1502 Issu ed u n d e r se c . 41, 44 S ta t. 1444; a 1, 7 2 S ta t . B36; 33 V.S.C. 941. S ource : T h e p ro v isio n s of th is P a r t ll ap p ear a t 29 F J t. 4028, M ar. 27, 1664; 26 I 6089, May 8, 1984, u n le s s oth erw ise n o ted Subporl A-- General Provisions 1502.1 P urpose, scope and respor Jellify. (a) Section 41 of the Longshoreme and Harbor Workers' Compensation J requires every employer to furnish a maintain employment and places of e ployment which are reasonably sale : his employees In all employments cover thereby (the Act applies to all Injur sustained by employees on navlga waters of the U nited States If the e ployees are employed by an "employi as defined In section 2(4) of the / i.e., "an employer any of whose e ployees are employed In maritime e ployment, in whole or in part, upon 1 navigable waters o f the United Sta (Including any drydock)." Calbeck i line L')-- vnapier aim Travelers Insurance Co. and Donovan v. Avondale Shipyards, Inc. (52 S. Ct. 1196 (1!>62)) and to install, furnish, maintain, and use devices and safeguards (with particular reference to equipment used by such employers and working condi tions established by them) determined by the Secretary of Labor to be rea sonably necessary to protect the .life, health, and safety of such employees, and to render safe such employment and places of employment and to prevent Injury to such employees. The nurpose of this part Is to make determinations under this standard with respect to ship building activity. (b) This part does not apply to mat ters under the control of the United States Coast Guard within the scope of Title 52 of the Revised Statutes and acts supplementary or amendatory thereto (46 U.S.C. secs. 1-1388 passim) including, but not restricted to. the master, ship's officer, crew members, design, construc tion, and maintenance of the vessel, Its gear and equipment; to matters within the regulatory authority of the United States Coast Guard to safeguard vessels, harbors, ports, and waterfront facilities under the provisions of the Espionage Act of June 17. 1917, as amended <50 U.S.C. 191 et seq.; 22U.S.C. 401, et seq.); Including the provisions of Executive Or der 10173, as amended by Executive Or ders 10277 and 10352 (3 CPR 1049-1B53 Comp., pp. 358, 778, and 873); or to matters within the regulatory authority of the United States Coast Guard with respect to lights, warning devices, safety equipment and other matters relating to the promotion of safety of lives and prop erty under section 4(e) of the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (43 U.B.C 1333). Also, this part does not apply to owners, operators, agents, or masters of vessels unless they are acting as "em ployers*'. However, this part Is not In tended to relieve owners, operators, agents, or masters of vessels who are not "employers" from responsibilities or du ties now placed upon them by law, regu lations, or custom. (c) The responsibilities placed upon the competent person herein Bhall be deemed to be the responsibilities of the employer. 1502.2 Definitions. (a) The term "ehall", Indicates provi sions which are mandatory. (b) The term "Secretary'' means the Secretary of Labor. (c) The term "employer" means an employer any of whose employees are employed in maritime employment, In whole or In part, upon the navigable wa ters of the United States, Including dry docks, graving docks, and m arine rail ways, and any of whose employees are employed, In whole or in part. In ship building or related employments as de fined In paragraphs (1) and <J) of this section, on the navigable waters of the United States, Including drydocks, grav ing docks, and marine railways. (d) The term, "employee" means any person employed In shipbuilding or re lated employments on the navigable waters of the United States, Including dry docks, graving docks and marine railways, by an employer as defined in paragraph (c) of this section. <e) The term "gangway" means any ramp-like or stalr-llke means of access provided to enable personnel to board or leave a vessel Including accommodation ladders, gangplanks and bTows. (f) The term "vessel" Includes every description of watercraft or other arti ficial contrivance used or capable of be ing used as a means of transportation on water, including special purpose floating structures not primarily designed for or used as a means of transportation on water. <g) For purposes of 1 1502.44, tire term "barge" means an unpowered, flat bot tom, shallow draft vessel Including scows, carfioats and lighters. For purposes of this section, the term does not Include ship shaped or deep draft barges. (h) For purposes of 5 1502.44, the term "river tow boat" means a shallow draft, low free board, self-propelled vessel de signed to tow river barges by pushing ahead. For purposes of this section, the term does not include other towing vessels. (1) The term "shipbullding" means the construction of a vessel, Including the Installation of machinery and equip ment. (J> The term "related employment" means any employments performed as an Incident to or in conjunction with shipbuilding work Including, but not restricted to Inspection, testing trials and employment as a watchman. (k) The term "hazardous substance" means a substance which by reason of being explosive, flammable, poisonous, corrosive, oxidizing, irritant, or other wise harmful is likely to cause Injury. 9 n tie 2 V-- tn o p ie r ahi <1) The terra "Competent perBon." for mai' operations, may prod/T ^du. purposes of this part means a person who gases, fumes, vapors, mists, V;J.-'iAao is capable of recognizing and evaluating which have one or more of the obi employee exposure to hazardous sub- characteristics. stances or to other unsafe conditions and 1502.3 P en alty . Is capable of specifying the necessary protection and precautions to be taken to ensure the safety of employees os re quired by the particular regulation under the condition to which It applies. For the purposes of Subparts C and D of this part, except for 3 1502.24(b) (8), to which the above definition applies, the com petent person must also meet the addi tional requirements Of 9 1502.10. (m) The term "confined space" means a compartment of small size and limited ' (a) As provided In Public Law 85any employer who, willfully, violate: fails or refuses to comply with the j visions of the regulations of- this' ] and any employer or other person willfully interferes with, hinders, or lays the Secretary or h is author representative In carrying out his du under subsection (c) of section 4L of Act by refusing to admit the Secrel or his authorized representative to access such as a double bottom tank, cofferdam, or other space which by its small size and confined nature can readily create or aggravate a hazardous exposure. (n) The term "enclosed space" means any space, other than a confined space, which is enclosed by bulkheads and over head. It includes cargo holds, tanks, quarters and machinery and boiler spaces. (o) The term "hot work" means rivet ing, welding, burning or other fire or spark producing operations. (p) The term "cold work" means any work which does not involve riveting, welding, burning or other fire or spark producing operations. (q) The term "portable unflred pres sure vessel" means any pressure con tainer or vessel used aboard ship, other than th e ship's equipment, containing liquids or gases under pressure, except place, or to permit the inspection or amination of any employment or placi employment, or who willfully hinders delays the Secretary or h is author! representative In the performance of duties In the enforcement of the regu tlons of this part, shall be guilty of offense, and, upon conviction ther< shall be punished for each offense b; fine of not less than $100 nor more tl $3,000; and In any case where such e ployer Is a corporation, the officer v willfully permits any such violation occur shall be guilty of an offense, a upon conviction thereof, shall be pi isbed also for each offense by a fine not less than $100 nor more than $3,0 Cb) The liability under this provis of Public Law 85-742 shall not affect s other liability of the employer under-! Longshoremen's and Harbor Work! Compensation Act. ing pressure vessels built to ICC regula 1502.4 V a ria tio n f ro m th e reg u ln li tions under 49 CFR Part 78, Subparts of this part. C and H. (r) The term "powder actuated fas tening tool" means a tool or machine which drives a stud, pin or fastener by means of an explosive charge. * (a) As provided In Public Law 85-' in case of practical difficulties or unn essary hardships, the Secretary in discretion may gTant variations fi the regulations of this part or parti (s) F o r p u rp o s e s o f S 1502.57, th e te r m lar provisions thereof, and permit "hazardous m aterial" m eans a m aterial use of other or different devices if w hich h a s one o r m ore of the follow ing c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s : <1> H a s a fla s h p o in t b elow 140" F ,, d o s e d c u p , -or is s u b je c t to sp o n ta n e o u s h e a tin g ; (2) h a s a th re s hold lim it value below 500 p.p.m . in th e case o f a gas o r v ap o r, below 500 fo r fum es, an d below 25 m .p.p.c.f. in case of a d u st; (3) h a s a single dose oral L D b elo w 500 m g ./k g .; (4) Is su b je c t to polym erizatio n w ith th e release of large apopjirvts o f en erg y ; (5) is a stro n g o x i- , dizing o r reducing ag en t; (6) causes first d e g re e b u m s to skin in sh o rt tim e exposure, or is system ically toxic by skin c o n ta c t; or (7) in the course of n o r- finds that the purpose of th e Tegulat will be observed by the variation ; the safety of employees will be equi secured thereby. Any person affected such regulations or his agent, may quest the Secretary to grant such vai tion, stating in writing the grounds which his request Is based. Any auth ization by the Secretary of a variat shall be In writing, shall describe conditions under which the variat shall be permitted, and shall be publisl as provided In section 3 of the Adm istrative Procedure Act (ch. 324, 60 S: 237), as amended. A properly Inde i i' *v-Jl i m e /.r -- v-n ap ier y\m record of all varlatlorS'1 all be kept In the Office of the Secretary and be open to public Inspection. 1502.5 R eference specifications, stand ards, and codes. Specifications, standards, and codes of agencies of the TJ.S. Government, to the extent specified in the text, form a part of the regulations of this part: In addition-, under "the authority vested tothe Secretary under the Act, the specifi cations, standards, and codes of or ganizations which are not agencies of the U.S. Government, In effect on the date of the promulgation of the regula tions of this part as listed below, to the extent specified In the text, form a part of the regulations of this part: unless prior thereto and as soon after the accident as feasible the employer has given oral or written notice of the acci dent to the person In charge of such o f fice in sufficient detail to permit the ac cident to be identified readily. (44 Stat. 1444; 33 US.C.930) 1502.7 Amendment o f llie regulations o f this part. The'Secretary may at any time, upon his own motion or upon written petition of any interested person setting forth reasonable grounds therefor, and after opportunity has been given to interested persons to present their views, amend or revoke any of the provisions of the regu lations of this part. Subpart B---Explosive and Other - National F ire Protection Association, 60 Hat- terym arch S treet, Boston, Maas. 03110, S u b p art B. 5 1603.10(a). Dangerous Atmospheres 1502.10 Com petcniperson. U nderw riters' Laboratories, Inc., 201 E ast Ohio S tre e t, Chicago, 111. 60611, S u b p a rt C 5} 1503.24(b) (7 ), 1602.26(a)(4); S u b p a rt H, ( 1602.72(a). United States ot America Standard Safety Code to r P ortable Wood Ladders, A14.11059, U nited StateE ot America S tandards (a) Designation. (1) For the purposes of Subparts c, D, and H of this part, ex cept for | 1502.24(b) (3) and 1502.25(a) (5), one or more competent persons shall be designated by the employer In accord ance with the applicable requirements of In s titu te . Inc., 10 East 40th Street, New York. N.Y. 10016, S u b p art E, 5 1602.42(a) (6) . American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, R ules for Construction of Unfired Pressure Vessels, American SoJlety o f Me chanical E ngineers, 346 E a st 47th S treet, New York, N.Y. 10017, S u b p a rt K. } 1502.101 (a). Threshold Values, American Confer ence of G overnm ental Industrial Hygien ists. 1014 Broadway, C incinnati, Ohio 45202, S u b p a rt C t 150a.21(b). U nited States of America Standard Safety Code for th e Use, Care, and Protection of Abrasive W heels, B7.1-1964, U ntted States of America S tan d ard s In s titu te , Inc., 10 E a st 4(rth S treet, New Y ork, N.Y. 1D016, S ubpart H. i 1602.74(c). [32 F it . 14047, O ct. 10. 1967] this section unless the requirements of Subparts C, D, and H of this part are always carried out by a National Fire Protection Association Certified Marine Chemist. (2) The employer shall indicate on U.S. Department of Labor Form MAR-8, "Designation of Competent Person" either those employees designated as competent persons or that the prescribed functions of such persons are always carried out by a National Fire Protection Association Certified Marine Chemist in addition to his professional duties. When additions or changes are made in the per sonnel so designated, a new Form MAR-8 shall be executed. A copy of this executed form shall be forwarded to the nearest office of the Bureau of Labor Standards. g 1502.6 Notification of accidents re sulting in fatalities o r serious in juries. (a) Within 48 hours after the occur rence of an accident causing the death of an employee or resulting in an em ployee's admission to a hospital as a bed patient, the employer shall file a copy of Bureau of Employees' Compensation Form BEC--202 (approved by Budget Bureau No. 44-R 887,3) with the Field Safety Consultant of the Bureau of Labor Standards serving the area where the accident occurred (in addition to such filing as Is required by 20 CFR 31.3) (b) Criteria. The following criteria shall guide the employer In designating employees as competent persons: (1) Ability to understand the mean ing of designations on certificates and of any qualifications relating thereto and to carry out any instructions, either writ ten or oral, left by the National Fire Pro tection Association Certified Marine Chemist or Issued by a consultant or chemist who may be used by the em ploye! to make the tests and inspections required by Subparts C and D of this part. (2) Ability to use and Interpret the 4 readings of an oxygen Indicator and a combustible gas Indicator. The ability to use and Interpret the readings of a carbon monoxide Indicator and a carbon dioxide indicator, if the operations in volve such hazardous gases. (3) Familiarity with and understand- ' Ing of Subparts C, D, and H of this Part. (4) Familiarity with the structure and knowledge of the location and designa-. tion of spaces of the types of vessels on which construction work is done. (5) Capability to perform the tests and Inspections required by Subparts C, D, and H of this part and to write the required logs. (c) Logging of inspections and tests. (1) When tests and Inspections required to be performed by a competent person by any provisions of Subparts C, D, and H of this part, except those referred to in 1502.25 (b) (8) and (a) C5), are made, a record of the locations, operations performed and date, time, and results of the tests and any instructions resulting therefrom shall be recorded on U.S. De partment of Labor Form MAR-9, "Log of Inspections and Tests by Competent Person." A separate form shall be used for each vessel on which tests and Inspec tions are made. (2) T his record shall be available for Inspection in the Immediate vicinity of the affected operations while they are in progress. This record or copy thereof shall be kept on file for a period of at least 3 months from the date of the completion of the Job. Cd) Application. The provisions of this section are Intended to apply in their entirety to employers engaged in gen eral vessel construction. They do not apply in their entirety to employers whose work involves only certain por tions of Subparts C and D of this part, such as the building of some wooden vessels, where only knowledge of the pre cautions to be taken when using flam mable paints is necessary. In such cases employers may designate persons who are competent on the basis of the appli cable portions of the criteria set forth in paragraph (b) of this section. [20 F.R . 4028, Mar. 27, 1064; 29 P B . 6089, M ay 8, 1964, as am ended a t 82 K B . 14047, O ct. 10, 1907] Subparf C-- Surface Preparation and Preservation 1502.21 Toxic c le a n in g so lv en ts. 1 (a) When toxic solvents are used, the employer shall employ one or more of 4 the following measures to ^`TVua health* of employees expo..,, 'to solvents. (1) The cleaning operation sh completely enclosed to prevent tl cape of vapor Into the working (2) Either natural ventilation o chanical exhaust ventilation shs used to remove the vapor at the 4 and to dilute the concentration of 1 in the working space to a concent] which is safe for the entire work p (3) Employees shall be prol against toxic vapors by suitable re tory protective equipment in accor with the requirements of 3 1502.8 and Cc), and, where necessary, at exposure of skin and eyes to cc with toxic solvents and their vapc suitable clothing and equipment. (b) The principles In the thre limit values to which attention i rected in 1502.5 will be used b: Department of Labor in enforce proceedings in defining a safe conce tion of air contaminants. Cc) When flammable solvents used, precautions shall be taken li cordance with the requirement 5 1502.25. 182 F.R. 14047, O ct. 10, 1967] 1502.22 Chemical paint an d pres tive rem overs. (a) Employees shall be prob against skin contact during the han and application of chemical paint preservative removers and shall be tected against eye injury by goggl face shields in accordance with th qulrements of 1502.31 fa) and ( (b) When using flammable painl preservative removers, precautions be taken in accordance with the req ments of 1502.25. (c) When using chemical paintj preservative removers which co volatile and toxic solvents, such as zol, acetone and amyl acetate, the visions of 1502.21 shall be appllcat (d) When using paint and rus movers containing strong acids or ,, lies, employees shall be protecte suitable face shields to prevent chei bums on the face and neck, (e) When steam guns are usee employees working within range o blast shall be protected by suitable shields. Metal parts of the steajr. Itself shall be Insulated to protec J operator against heat bums. |  1502.23 MechanicK%iuint remover*. (a) Power tools. (1) Employees en gaged In the removal ot paints, preserva tives, rusts or other coatings by means of power tools shall be protected against eye Injury by goggles or lace shields in accordance with the requirements of 1502.81(a). (2) All portable rotating tools used lor the removal of paints, preservatives, rusts or other coatings shall be ade quately guarded to protect both the op erator and nearby workers from flying missiles. (3) Portable electric tools shall be grounded In accordance with the require ments of 5 1502.72 (a) and (b). <A) In a confined space, mechanical exhaust ventilation sufficient to keep the dust concentration to a minimum shall be used, or employees shall be protected by respiratory protective equipment In accordance with the requirements of 5 1502.82 (a) and (d ). (b) Flame removal. (1) Hardened preservative coatings shall not be re moved by flame in enclosed spaces unless the employees exposed to fumes are pro tected by air line respirators in accord ance with the requirements of $ 1502.82 (a). Employees performing such an operation in the open air, and those ex posed to the resulting fumes, shall be protected by a fume filter type respirator in accordance with requirements of paragraphs (a) and (d)(2)(lv) of *1502.82. (2) Elaine or heat shall not be used to remove soft and greasy preservative coatings. (c) Abrasive blasting--(1) Equipment. Hoses and fittings used for abrasive blasting shall meet the following require ments: (1) Hoses. Hose of a type to prevent shocks from static electricity sh allb e used. (il) Hose couplings. Hose lengths shall be Joined by metal couplings secured to the outside of the hose to avoid erosion and weakening of the couplings. (ill) Nozzles. Nozzles shall be at tached to the hose by fittings that will prevent the nozzle from unintentionally becoming disengaged. Nozzle attach ments shall be of metal and shall fit onto the hose externally. (lv) Dead man control. A dead man control device shall be provided at the nozzle end of the blasting hose either to 6 provide direct cut off or to signal the pot tender by means of a visual and audible signed to cutoff the flow, in the event the blaster loses control of the hose. The pot tender shall be available at all times to respond Immediatelyto the signal. (2) Replacement. Hoses and all fit tings-used for abrasive blasting shall be Inspected frequently to insure timely replacement before an unsafe amount of wear has occurred. (3) Personal protective equipment. (i) Abrasive blasters working in enclosed spaces shall be protected by hoods and air fed respirators or by air helmets of a positive pressure type in accordance with the requirements of 5 1502.82(a). (li) Abrasive blasters working in the open shall be protected as indicated In subdivision (1) of this subparagraph ex cept that when synthetic abrasives con taining less than one percent free silica are used filter type respirators approved by the Bureau of Mines for exposure to lead dusts may be used in accordance with 1502.82 (a) and (d ). (Ill) Einployees, other than blasters, Including machine tenders and abrasive recovery men, working In areas where unsafe concentrations of abrasive ma terials and dusts are present shall be protected by eye and respiratory pro tective equipment In accordance with the requirements of 5| 1502.81 (a) and (b) and 1502.82 (a) and <d>. (iv) The blaster shall be protected against injury from exposure to the blast by appropriate protective clothing, In cluding gloves. (v) Since surges from drops in pres sure in the hose line can be of sufficient proportions to throw the blaster off the staging, the blaster shall be protected by a safety belt when blasting is being done from elevations where adequate protec tion against falling cannot be provided by railings. [29 F.R. 4D28, M ar. 27, 1904; 29 FJR. 6089. May 8, 1664, as am ended a t 33 F.B. 14047, Oct. 10, 1987J 1502.24 Painting. (a) Paints mixed with toxic vehicles or solvents. (1) When paints mixed with toxic vehicles or solvents are sprayed, the following conditions shall apply: (l) In confined spaces, employees con tinuously exposed to such spraying shall be protected by air line respirators In accordance with the requirements of fil5D2.82(a). (il) In tanks or compartments, em ployees continuously exposed to such Title 29-- Chapter XIII srs spraying shall be protected by air Hue (4) Exhaust ducts sU: dls respirators In accordance with the re clear of working areas and awa quirements, of 11502.82(a). Where me sources of possible ignition, F chanical ventilation Is provided, em tests shall be made to ensure tl ployees shall be protected by respirators in accordance with the reoulrements of S 1502,82 (a) and (e ). exhausted vapors are not accum in other areas within or around t! sel or dry dock. (Ill) In large and well ventilated areas, (5> All motors and control equ! employees exposed to such spraying shall be protected by respirators In accordance with the requirements of } 1502,82 (a) and (e). (2) Where brush application of paints with toxic solvents Is done in confined spaces, or other areas where lack of ven tilation creates a hazard, employees shall be protected by filter respirators in ac cordance with the requirements of ; 1502.82 (a) and (c). (3) When flammable paints or ve hicles are used, precautions shall be taken in accordance with the require ments of S 1501.25, (4) The metallic parts of air moving devices, including fans, blowers, and Jettype air movers, and all duct work shall be electrically bonded to the vessel's structure. (b) Paints and tank coatings dissolved in Highly volatile toxic and flammable solvents. Several organic coatings, ad hesives and resins are dissolved in highly toxic, flammable and explosive solvents with flash points below 80 F. Work involving such materials shall be done only when all of the following special precautions have been taken: (1) Sufficient exhaust ventilation shall be provided to keep the concentration of solvent vapors below ten (10) percent of the lower explosive limit. Frequent tests shall be made by a competent person to ascertain the concentration. (2) If the ventilation fails or If the concentration of solvent vapors rises shall be of the explosion-proof typ< shall have nonferrous blades. Pi air ducts shall also be of nonferro terlals. All motors and associated < equipment shall be properly mail and grounded. (6) Only non-sparking paint b spray guns and tools shall be Metal parts of paint brushes and shall be insulated. Staging sh erected in a manner which ensuri It is non-sparking. (7) Only explosion proof light proved by the Underwriters' Labor, for use in Class I, Group D atmosi or approved as permissible by th Bureau of Mines or the U.S. Coast ( shall be used. (8) A competent person shall i all power and lighting cables to < that the insulation is In excellem dition, free of all cracks and worn that there are no connections i fifty (50) fe et of the operation, th a are not overloaded, and that the suspended with sufficient slack to pi undue stress or chafing. (0) The face, eyes, head, hands a other exposed parts of the bodies o ployees handling such highly vc paints shall be protected. All Too shall be non-sparking, 6uch as ru' rubber boots or rubber soled, shoes out nails. Coveralls or other outer < ing shall be of cotton. Rubber, r than plastic gloves shall be used be of the danger of static sparks. above ten (10) percent of the lower ex plosive limit, painting shall be stopped and the compartment shall be evacuated until the concentration again falls below (10) No matches, lighted cigar cigars, or pipes, and no cigarette lig or ferrous articles shall be taken the area where work is being done ten (10) percent of the lower explosive (11) All solvent drums taken int limit. If the concentration does not fall compartment shall be placed on when painting Is stopped, additional ven ferrous surfaces and shall be ground tilation to bring the concentration down the vessel. Metallic contact sha to ten (10) percent of the lower explosive maintained between containers limit shall be provided. (3) Ventilation shall be continued drums when materials are being tr ferred from one to another. after the completion of painting until the space or compartment Is gas free. The final determination as to whether the (12) Spray guns, paint pots, metallic parts of connecting tubing , be electrically bonded, and the bo: space or compartment is gas free shall assembly shall be grounded to be made after the ventilating equipment vessel. has been shut off for at least ten minutes. (13) All employees continuously Title 29 Chapter Xlil compartment in wrfffiP&such painting is 1502.31 V entilation an d p ro tec tio n in being performed, shall be protected by welding, cutting nnd h e a lin g . air line respirators in accordance with the requirements of |^Bo2.82(a) and by (a) Mechanical ventilation; require suitable protective clothing. Employees ments. (l) For purposes of this sec tion, mechanical ventilation shall meet entering such compartments for a limited time shall be protected by filter the following requirements: cartridge type respirators in accordance (1) Mechanical ventilation shall con with the requirements of 1502,82 (a) sist of either general mechanical venti and (e). lation systems or local exhaust systems. (14) All employees doing exterior (ii) General mechanical ventilation paint spraying with such paints shall be shall be of sufficient capacity and so ar protected by suitable filter cartridge type respirators in accordance with the re quirements of 1502.82 (a) and (e) and by suitable protective clothing. [29 F.B. 4028, M ar. 27, 1984; 29 F J t. 8089, May 8, 1964, as am ended a t 32 FJJ. 14048, Oct. 10, 1987 J ranged as to produce the number of air changes necessary to maintain welding fumes and smoke within safe limits, (ill) Local exhaust ventilation shall consist of freely movable hoods in tended to be placed by the welder or burner as close as practicable to the 1502.25 Flam m able liquids. () In all cases when liquid solvents, paint and preservative removers, paints or vehicles, other than those covered by 1502.24(b), are capable of produc ing a flammable atmosphere under the conditions of use the following precau tions shall be taken: (1) Smoking, open flames, arcs and 6park-producing equipment shall be pro hibited in the area. (2) Ventilation shall be provided in sufficient quantities to keep the concen tration of vapors below ten (10) percent of their lower explosive limit. Frequent tests shall be made by a competent per son to ascertain the concentration. (3) Scrapings and rags soaked with these materials shall be kept in a cov ered metal container. (4) Only explosion proof lights, ap proved by the Underwriters' Labora tories for use in Class I, Group D atmos pheres, or approved as permissible by the TJ.S. Bureau of Mines or the UJ3. Coast Guard shall be used. (5) A competent person shall Inspect all power and lighting cables to ensure that the Insulation is in excellent condi tion, free of all cracks and worn spots, that there are no connections within fifty (50) feet of the operation, that lines are not overloaded, and that they are suspended with sufficient slack to prevent undue stress or chafing. () Suitable fire extinguishing equip ment shall be immediately available In the work area and shall be maintained in a st.ate of readiness for instant use. Subpart D- -Weldlng, Cufiing and Heating work. This system shall be of sufficient capacity and so arranged as to remove fumes and smoke at the source and keep the concentration of them in the breath ing zone within safe limits. (iv) Contaminated air exhausted from a working space shall be discharged Into the open air or otherwise clear df the source of Intake air. (v) Ail air replacing that withdrawn shall be clean and respirable. (vl) Oxygen shall not be used for ven tilation purposes, comfort cooling, blow ing dust or dirt from clothing, or for cleaning the work area. (b) Welding, cutting and heating in confined spaces, (1) Except as pro vided In paragraphs (b) (3) and (c> (2) of this section, either general mechanical or local exhaust ventilation meeting the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section shall be provided whenever weld ing, cutting or heating Is performed in a confined space. (2) The means of access shall be pro vided to a confined space and ventilation ducts to this space shall be arranged in accordance with 1502.40(b) (1) and (2). (3) when sufficient ventilation cannot be obtained without blocking the means of access, employees in the confined space shall be protected by air line respirators In accordance with the requirements of 5 1502.82(a), and an employee on the outside of such a confined space shall be assigned to maintain communication with those working within it and to aid them inanem e rgency. t (c) Welding, cutting or heating of metals of toxic significance. (1) Weld ing, cutting or heating in any enclosed spaces aboard the vessel Involving the metals specified in this subparagraph shall be performed with either general mechanical or local exhaust ventilation meeting the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section. Cl) Zinc-bearing base or filler metals or m etals coated with zinc-bearing m a-' teri als. (II) Lead base metals. (III) Cadmium-bearing filler mate rials. (Iv) Chromium-bearing metals or metals coated with chromium-bearing materials. (2) Welding, cutting or heating In any enclosed spaces aboard the vessel In volving the metals specified in this subparagraph shall be performed with local exhaust ventilation In accordance with the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section or employees shall be pro tected by air line respirators In ac cordance with the requirements of 1502.82(a). Cl) Metals containing lead, other than as an impurity, or metals coated with lead-bearing materials. (ii) Cadmium-bearing or cadmium coated base metals. (ill) Metals coated with mercury bearing metals. (iv) Beryllium-containing base or filler metals. Because of Its high toxicity, work Involv ing beryllium shall be done with both local exhaust ventilation and air line respirators. (3) Employees performing such opera tions in the open air shall be protected by filter type respirators In accordance with the requirements of paragraphs (a) and (d) C2) (iv) of 8 1502.82, except that employees performing such operations on beryllium-containing base or filler metals shall be protected by air line res pirators In accordance with the require ments of $ 1502.82(a). (4) Other employees exposed to the same atmosphere as the welders or burn ers shall be protected In the same manner as the welder or burner. (d) Inert-gas m etal-arc welding. (1) Since the Inert-gas metal-arc welding process involves the production of ultra violet radiation of intensities of 5 to 30 times that produced during shielded metal-arc welding, the decomposition of chlorinated solvents by ultraviolet rays, and the liberation of toxic fumes* and gases, employees shall not be permitted to engage in, or be exposed to the process until the following special precautions have been take n : (1) The use of chlonL^ved sol shall be kept at least two hundred feet from the exposed arc, and sui prepared with chlorinated solvents be thoroughly dry before welding li mltted on such surfaces. (11) Helpers and other employe the area not protected from the a screening as provided in 9 1502. shall be protected by filter lenses me the requirements of 9 15C2.81 (a) an When two or more welders are ex to each other's arc, filter lens gogg a suitable type meeting the requirei of 5 1502.81 <a) and (c) shall be under welding helm ets or hand s'. to protect the welder against flashe radiant energy when either-the ti Is lifted or the shield Is removed. (ill) Welders and other employee are exposed to radiation shall be suJ protected so that the skin Is co completely to prevent burns and damage by ultraviolet rays. We helmets and hand shields shall be of leaks and openings, and free of h reflective surfaces. (iv) When Inert-gas metal-arc Ing is being performed on stainless the requirements of paragraph (c) ( this section shall be met to pr against dangerous concentration nitrogen dioxide. (e) General welding, catting and, ing. Cl) Welding, cutting and he not Involving conditions or material scribed in paragraphs (b), (c) or 0 this section may normally be done ' out mechanical ventilation or respiri protective equipment, but where, be< of unusual physical or atmospheric dltlons, an unsafe accumulation of taminants exists, suitable mecha ventilation or respiratory prott equipment shall be provided. (2) Employees performing any ty welding, cutting or heating shall be tected by suitable eye protective e ment in accordance with the reo ments of 5 1502.81 (a) and (c). [29 F.R . 4028, M ar. 27, 1904; 29 F.R., May 8, 1964, a s am e n d e d a t 32 FJR. Oct. 10, 1987] 1502.32 F ire prevention* (a) When practical, objects t welded, cut or heated shall be mov i 48 CFR 148.02-20 c o n tain * C oast ( regulations p e rta in in g to w elding an d ci while explosive* and dangerous cargo being handled. 9 Title 29-- Chapter AMI circuit. Electrodes s M # not be struck against a cylinder to strike an arc. (3) Fuel gas cylinders shall be placed with valve end up whenever they are In use, They shall not be placed In a location where they would be subject to open flame, hot metal, or other sources of artificial heat. (4) Cylinders containing oxygen or acetylene or other fuel gas shall not be taken Into confined spaces. (c) Treatment of cylinders. Cl) Cyl inders, whether full or empty, shall not be used as rollers or supports. (2) No person other than the gas supplier shall attempt to mix gases In a cylinder. No one except the owner of the cylinder or person authorized by him shall refill a cylinder. No one shall use a cylinder's contents for purposes other than those Intended by the supplier. Only cylinders bearing Inter state Commerce Commission identi fication and inspection markings shall be used. <3> No damaged or defective cylinder shall be used. Cd) Use of fuel gas. The employer shall thoroughly instruct employees in the safe use of fuel gas, as follows: (1) Before connecting a regulator to a cylinder valve, the valve shall be opened slightly and closed Immediately. (This action Is generally termed "cracking" and is Intended to clear the valve of dust or dirt that might otherwise enter the regulator!. The person cracking the valve shall stand to one side of the outlet, not in front of it. The valve of a fuel gas cylinder shall not be cracked where the gas would reach welding work, sparks, flame or other possible sources of ignition. (2) The cylinder valve shall always be opened slowly to prevent damage to the regulator. To permit quick closing, valves on fuel gas cylinders shall not be opened more than 1Vz turns. When a special wrench is required, It shall be left In position on the $tem of the valve while the cylinder Is in use so that the fuel gas flow can be shut oft quickly In case of an emergency. In the case of manifolded or coupled cylinders, at least one such wrench shall always be avail able lor immediate use. Nothing shall be placed on top of a fuel gas cylinder, when in use, which may damage the safety device or Interfere with the quick closing of the valve. (3) Fuel gas shall not be used from cylinders through torches or other devices which are equipped with shut-off valves without reducing the pressure through a suitable regulator attached to the cylinder valve or manifold. (4) Before a regulator Is removed from a cylinder valve, the cylinder valve shall always be closed and the gas released from the regulator. (5) If, when the valve on a fuel gas cylinder la opened, there Is found to be a leak around the valve stem, the valye shall be closed and the gland nut tightened. If this action does not stop the leak, the use of the cylinder shall be discontinued, and It shall be properly tagged and removed from the vessel. In the event that fuel gas shoutd leak from the cylinder valve rather than from the valve stem and the gas cannot be shut off, the cylinder shall be properly tagged and removed from the vessel. If a regulator attached to a cylinder valve will effectively stop a leak through the valve seat, the cylinder need not be removed from the vessel. (6) If a leak should develop at a fuse plug or other safety device, the cylinder shall be removed from the vessel. (e) Fuel gas and oxygen manifolds. (1) Fuel gas and oxygen manifolds shall bear the name of the substance they con tain in letters at least one (1) Inch high which shall be either painted on the manifold or on a sign permanently at tached to it, (2) Fuel gas and oxygen manifolds shall be placed In safe and accessible locations in the open air. They shall not be located within enclosed spaces. (3) Manifold hose connections, in cluding both ends of the supply hose that lead to the manifold, shall be such that the hose cannot be Interchanged between fuel gas and oxygen manifolds and sup ply header connections. Adapters shall not be used to permit the interchange of hose. Hose connections shall be kept free of grease and oil. (4) When not In use, manifold and header hose connections shall be capped. (5) Nothing shall be placed on top of a manifold, when in use, which will damage the manifold or interfere with the quick closing of the valves. (f) Hose. (1) Fuel gas hose and oxy gen hose shall be easily distinguishable from each other. The contrast may be made by different colors or by surface characteristics readily distinguishable by the sense of touch. Oxygen and fuel gas hoses shall not be interchangeable, A single hose having more than one gas I tile 2 V-- L n a p te r A in passage, a wall failure of which would permit the flow of one gas Into the other gas passage, shall not be used. (2) When parallel sections of oxygen and fuel gas hose are taped together, not more than 4 inches out of 8 Inched shall be covered by tape. lsted against the max i( - , countered to ground. ^ *' <b) Welding cables and e (1) All arc welding and cutti shall be of the completely flexible type, capable of han maximum current requlremen work in progress, taking Into ac (3) All hose carrying acetylene, oxy duty cycle under which the a gen, natural or manufactured fuel gas, or cutter Is working. or any gas or substance which may (2) Only cable free . from Ignite or enter into combustion or be in any way harmful to employees, shall splices for a minimum dlstan (101 feet from the cable end be Inspected at the beginning of each the electrode holder Is ccnnec shift. Defective hose shall be removed be used, except that cables wil from service. <4) Hose which has been subjected to ard Insulated connectors or wil whose insulating quality Is equs flashback or which shows evidence of severe wear or damage shall be tested to twice the normal pressure to which It Is subject, but In no case less than two hundred C20D) psl. Defective hose or hose In doubtful condition shall not be of the cable are permitted. (3) When it becomes nece connect or splice lengths of cab another, substantial insulated tors o f a capacity at least equl that of the cable shall be used, used. (5) Hose couplings shall be o f the type that cannot be unlocked or disconnected by means of a straight pull without rotary motion. (6) Boxes used for the stowage of gas hose shall be ventilated. (g> Torches. (1) Clogged torch tip openings shall be cleaned with suitable cleaning wires, drills or other devices designed for such purpose. (2) Torches shall be Inspected at the beginning of each shift for leaking shut off valves, hose couplings, and tip con nections. Defective torches shall not be used. (3) Torches shall be lighted by fric tion lighters or other approved devices, and not by matches or from hot work. Ch) Pressure regulators. Oxygen and fuel gas pressure regulators Including their related gauges shafl be to proper working order while In use. [29 F J l. 40aa, Mar. 27, 1964; 29 FJR. 0089, M ay 8, 1964. as am en d e d a t 32 FJR. 14048, O ct. 10, 10071 nectlons are effected by means lugs, they shall be securely together to give good electrical and the exposed metal parts of shall be completely insulated. <4> Cables in poor repair sha used. When a cable, other t cable lead referred to In subps (2) of this paragraph, becomes the extent of exposing bare cor the portion thus exposed shall tected by means of rubber and tapes or other equivalent insult (c) Ground returns and grounding. (1) A ground retu shall have a safe current earn pacity equal to or exceeding the i maximum output capacity of welding or cutting unit which it When a single ground return ea' ices more than one unit, Its sale carrying capacity shall equal o the total specified maximum capacities of all the units which Ices. (2) structures or pipe lines 1502.36 Are-welding a n d catting. (a) Manual electrode holders, (l) only manual electrode holders which are specifically designed for arc welding and cutting and are of a capacity capable of safely handling the maximum rated current required by the electrodes shall be used, (2) Any current carrying parts pass ing through the portion of the holder which the arc welder or cutter grips in his hand, and the outer surfaces of the jaws of the holder, shall be fully insu- pipe lines containing gases or fit liquids or conduits containing t circuits, may be used as part ground return circuit, provided pipe or structure has a current capacity equal to that required paragraph (1) of this paragrap (3) When a structure or pip employed as a ground return It shall be determined that the electrical contact exists at al The generation of an arc, sparki at any point shall cause rejectlo i oi not less than l^o x 2% Inch lumber. (4) Trestle ladders and base sections of extension trestle ladders shall be so spread that when in an open position the spread of the trestle at the bottom, Inside to Inside, shall be not less than 5 Vi Inches per foot of the length of the ladder. (5) The width between the side rails at the bottom ol the trestle ladder or of the base section of the extension trestle ladder shall be not less than 21 inches for all ladders and sections 6 feet or less In length. For longer lengths of ladder the width 'shall be increased at least 1 Inch for each additional foot of length. The width between the side rails of the extension section of the trestle ladder shall be not less than 12 inches. (6) In order to limit spreading, the top ends of the side rails of both the trestle ladder and of the base section of the extension trestle ladder shall be bev eled, or of equivalent construction, and shall be provided with a metal hinge. (7) A metal spreader or locking device to hold the front and back sections in an open position, and to hold the extension section securely in the elevated position, shall be a component of each trestle ladder or extension trestle ladder. (8) Rungs shall be parallel and level. On the trestle ladder, or on the base sec tion of the extension trestle ladder, rungs shall be spaced not less than 8 inches nor more than 18 inches apart; on the extension section of the extension trestle ladder, rungs shall be spaced not less than 6 Inches nor more than 12 Inches apart. (8) Platform planking shall be In accordance with the requirements of paragraph (h) of this section, except that the width of the platform planking shall not exceed the distance between the sfderalls. (10) Backrails and toeboards shall be In accordance with the requirements of paragraph (1) of this section. <e) Painters' suspended scaffolds. (1) The supporting hooks of swinging scaf folds shall be constructed to be equiva lent in strength to mild steel or wrought iron, shall be forged with care, shall be not less than % inch In diameter, and shall be secured to a safe anchorage at alt times. (2) The ropes supporting a swinging scaffold shall be equivalent in strength to first-grade % Inch diameter manlla rope properly rigged into a set of stand ard 6 inch blocks consisting of at least one double and one single block. (3) Manila and wire ropes shall be carefully examined before each opera tion and thereafter as frequently as may be necessary to ensure their safe condi tion. (4) Each end a t the scaffold platform shall be supported by a wrought iron or mild steel stirrup or hanger, which in turn is supported by the suspension ropes. (5) Stirrups shall be constructed ao as to be equivalent in strength to wrought Iron % inch in diameter. (6) The stirrups shall be formed with a horizontal bottom member to support the platform, shall be provided with means to support the guardrail and mid- rail and shall have a loop or eye at the top for securing the supporting hook on the block. (7) Two or more swinging scaffolds shall not s t any time be combined into one by bridging the distance between them with planks or any other form of platform. IB) No more than two men shall be permitted to work at one time on a swinging scaffold built to the minimum specifications contained in this para graph. Where heavier construction is used, the number of men permitted to work on the scaffold shall be determined by the size and the safe working load of thescaffold, (9) Backrails and toeboards shall be in accordance vjlth the requirements of paragraph (J) of this section, (10) The swinging scaffold platform shall be one of the three types described In subparagraphs (11), (12> and (13> of this paragraph, (11) The ladder-type platform con sists of boards upon a horizontal ladderlike structure, referred to herein as the ladder, the side rails of which are paral lel, If this type of platform is used the following requirements shall be met: <i) The width between the side rails shall be no more than 20 inches. <li> The side rails of ladders in ladder- type platforms shall be equivalent in strength to a beam of clear straight- grained spruce of the dimensions con tained in Table E- In 5 1502.88. (Hi) The side rails shall be tied to gether with tie rods. The tie rods shall be not less than %o inch in diameter, located no more than 5 feet apart; pass through the rails, and be riveted up'tight against washers at both ends. (iv) The rungs shall be of straight- 16 grained oak, ash, or hickory, not less than iy a inches diameter, with % Inch tenons mortised into the side rails not less than % Inch and shall be spaced no more than 18 Inches on cen ters, (v) Flooring strips shall be spaced no more than % Inch apart except at the side rails, where 1 Inch spacing Is per missible. (vl) Flooring strips shall be cleated on their undersides. 112) The plank-type platform con sists of planks supported on the stirrups or hangers. If this type of platform is used, the following requirements shall be met: (i> The planks or piank-type plat forms shall be of not less than 2 x10 Inch lumber. Ill) The platform shall be no more than 24 Inches in width. (Id) The planks shall be tied to gether by cleats of not less than 1 x 8 inch lumber, nailed on their undersides at intervals of not more than 4 feet. (iv) The planks shall extend not Iqss than 6 Inches nor more than 18 Inches beyond the supporting stirrups. <v) A cleat shall be nailed across the platform on the underside at each end outside the stirrup to prevent the plat form from slipping off the stirrup. (vl) Stirrup supports shall be not more than 10 feet apart. (13) The beam-type platform consists of longitudinal side stringers with cross beams set cm edge and spaced not more than 4 feet apart on which longitudinal platform planks are laid, if this type platform Is used the following require ments shall be met: (i> The side stringers Bhall be of sound, straight-gTatned lumber, free from knots, and of not less than 2 x 8 Inch lumber, set on edge. (ID The stringers shall be supported on the stirrups with a clear span between stirrups of not more than 16 feet. (Ill) The stringers shall be bolted to the stirrups by U-bolts passing around the stirrups and bolted through the stringers with nuts drawn up tight on the inside face. (iv) The ends of the stringers shall extend beyond the stirrups not less than 0 Inches nor more than 12 Inches at each end of the platform. (v) The platform shall be supported on cross beams of 2 x 6 Inch lumber between the side stringers securely nailed thereto and spaced not more than 4 feet 1 on centers. ', ' (vl) The platform sha; than 24 Inches wide. (vli) The platform sha! boards % Inch In thlckn than 6 inches in width, together, and extending ; face of the stringers. <viii> The ends of all pi shall rest on the top of th! shall be securely nailed, ar mediate points In the lengi form shall there be any cb| (f) Horse scaffolds. (1) 'l, dimensions of lumber usee, structlon of horses shall be 1 with Table E-3 In 9 1502,61 (2) Horses constructed other than lumber shall strength, rigidity and secui of horses constructed of lu (3> The lateral spread of t be equal to not less than i the height of the horse. (4) All horses shall be kepi pair, and shall be properly se used in staging or ta local they may be Insecure. (5) Platform planking sha cordance with the requiremei graph (h> of this section. (8) Bankrolls and tcebo&rdi accordance with paragraph section. (g) o th er tapes of secj Scaffolds of a type for which tlonx are not contained In ti shall meet the general requli paragraphs (a), (h) and (1) c tlon, shall be In accordance w nixed principles of design arv constructed in accordance will standards covering such equip (h> Scaffold or platform <1> Except as otherwise pr paragraph (e) <11) end <15 section, platform planking si not less than 2 x 1 0 Inch Hunt form planking shall be etraigl and free from large or loose may be either rough or dresse (2) Platforms of staging sh less than, two 10 Inch planks except in such cases as the st: the vessel or the width of t ladders make it Impossible t such a width. (3) Platform planking sha beyond the supporting member.* end by at least 8 inches butt ii shall project more than 12 incl the planks are fastened to, the s member*. Title 29-- Chapter XII! structure as a ground clrcuft. (4) When a structure or pipe line la continuously employed as a ground re turn circuit, all Joints shall ba bonded, and periodic Inspections shall be con ducted to ensure that no condition of electrolysis or fire hazard exists by vir tue of such use. (5) The frames of all arc welding and cutting machines shall be grounded either through a third wire In the cable containing the circuit conductor or through a separate wire which Is grounded at the source of the current. Grounding circuits, other than by means of the vessel's structure, shall be checked to ensure that the circuit between the ground and the grounded power conduc tor has resistance low enough to permit sufficient current to flow to cause the fuse or circuit breaker to interrupt the current. (6) All ground connections shall be Inspected to ensure that they are me chanically strong and electrically ade quate for the required current. (d) Operating instructions. Employ ers shall instruct employees In the safe means of arc welding and cutting as follows: (1) When electrode holders are to be left unattended, the electrodes shall be removed and the holders shall be so placed or protected that they cannot make electrical contact with employees or conducting objects. (2) Hot electrode holders shall not be dipped In water, since to do so may ex pose the arc welder or cutter to electric shock, (3) When the arc welder or cutter has occasion to leave his work or to stop work for any appreciable length of time, or when the arc welding or cutting machine Is to be moved, the power supply switch to the equipment shall be opened. (4) Any faulty or defective equipment shall be reported to the supervisor. (e) Shielding. Whenever practicable, all arc welding and cutting operations Ehalt be shielded by noncombustible or flame-proof screens which will protect employees and other persons working In the vicinity from the direct rays of the arc. 129 F.R.. 4028, M ar. 27, 1964; 29 F.R. 60S9. M ay 8, 1904, as am ended a t 32 FJR. 14048, O c t 10, 1987] 1502.37 Uses of fissionable m aterial in shipbuilding, (a) In shipbuilding and related activi ties involving the use of an exposure to sources of Ionizing radiation not only on conventionally powered but also on nuclear powered vessels, the applicable provisions of the Atomic Energy Commis sion's Standards for Protection Against Radiation (10 CFR Part 20), relating to protection against occupational radia tion exposure, shall apply. (b) Any activity which involves the use of radioactive material, whether or not under license from the Atomic En ergy Commission, shall be performed by competent persons specially trained In the proper and safe operation of such equipment. In the case of materials used under Commission license, only per sons actually licensed, or competent per sons under direction and supervision of the licensee, shall perform such work. Subparf E-- Scaffolds, Ladders and OUier Working Surfaces 1 5 0 2 .4 1 Scaffolds or staging. () General requirements. (1) All scaffolds and thefr supports, whether of lumber, steel or other material, shall be capable of supporting the load they are designed to carry with a safety factor of not less than four (4 ), (2) All lumber used in the construc tion of scaffolds shall be spruce, fir, long leaf yellow pine, Oregon pine or wood of equal strength. The use of hemlock, short leaf yellow pine or short fiber lumber Is prohibited. (3) Lumber dimensions as 'given In this subpart are nominal except where given in fractions of an inch. (4) All lumber used In the construc tion of scaffolds shall be sound, straight grained, free from cross grain, shakes and large, loose or dead knots. It shall also be free from dry rot, large checks, worm holes or other defects which im pair Its strength or durability. (5) scaffolds shall be maintained In. a safe and secure condition. Any com ponent of the scaffold which Is broken, burned or otherwise defective shall be replaced. () Barrels, boxes, cans, loose bricks, or other unstable objects shall not be used as working platforms or for the support of planking Intended as scaffolds or working platforms. (7) No scaffolds shall be erected, moved, dismantled or altered except un der the supervision of competent persons. <8> No welding, burning, riveting or open flame w o rk shall be performed on any staging suspended by means of fiber rope. (9) Lifting bridles on working p lat forms suspended from cranes shall con sist of four legs so attached that the stability of the platform is assured. (10) Unless the crane hook has a- safety latch or Is moused, the lifting bridles on working platforms suspended from cranes shall be attached by shackles to the lower lifting block or other positive means shall be taken to prevent them from becoming accidentally disengaged from the crane hook. lb) Independent pole wood, scaffolds. <1> All pole uprights shall be set plumb. Poles shall rest on a foundation of suffi cient size and strength to distribute the load and to prevent displacement. (2) In light-duty scaffolds not more than 24 feet in height, poles may be spliced by overlapping the ends not less than 4 feet and securely nailing them together, A substantial cleat shall be nailed to the lower section to form a support for the upper section except when bolted connections axe used. (3) All other poles to be spliced shall be squared at the ends of each splice, abutted, and rigidly fastened together by not less than two cleats securely nailed or bolted thereto. Each cleat shall overlap each pole end by at least 24 inches and shall have a width equal to the face of the pole to which it is attached. The combined cross sectional area of the cleats shall be not less than the cross sectional area of the pole. (4) Ledgers shall extend over two consecutive pole spaces and shall over lap the poles at each end by not less than 4 Inches. They shall be left In position to brace the poles as the plat form is raised with the progress of the work. Ledgers shall be level and shall be securely nailed or bolted to each pole and shall be placed against the inside face of each pole. (5) All bearers shall be set with their greater dimension vertical and shall ex tend beyond the ledgers upon which they rest. (6) Diagonal bracing shall be provided between the parallel poles, and cross bracing shall be provided between the inner and outer poles or from the outer poles to the ground. <7) Minimum dimensions and spacing of members shall be In accordance with Table E -l In | 1502.68. (3) Platform planking shall be In accordance with the requirements of paragraph (h) of this section. (9) Backralis and toeboards shall be In accordance with the paragraph <J) of this seCJ i.ru (c) Independent pole m etal (1) Metal scaffold members maintained In good repair an corrosion. (2) All vertical and horizon bers shall be fastened togethe coupler or locking device which a positive connection. The Ich vice shall be of a type whicl loose parts. (3) Posts shall be kept plum erection and the scaffold shall sequently kept plumb and rigid 1 of adequate bracing. (4> Posts shall be fitted wi supported on a firm foundatloi tribute the load. When wooden used, the bases shall be fastened (5) Bearers shall be located at of posts, at each level, and at ea< mediate level where working p are installed. (6) Tubular bracing shall be both lengthwise and crosswise quired. (7) Platform planking shall accordance with the requirem paragraph (h) of this section. (8) Backralls and toeboards ; in accordance with the requlren paragraph (1) of this section. (d) Wood trestle and extension ladders. (1) The use of trestle ; or extension sections or base sec extension trestle ladders longer 1 feet is prohibited.- The total he base and extension may, howe more than 20 feet. (2) The minimum dimensions side rails of the trestle ladder, base sections of the extension ladder, shall be as foliows: (i> Ladders up to and includlnj 16 feet long shall have side rails less than 1%) x 2% inch lumber. (il) Ladders over 16 feet long i to and including those 20 feet Ion have side rails of not less than. 1 inch lumber. (3) The side rails of the ext section of the extension trestle shall be parallel and shall have mir dimensions as follows: (1) Ladders up to and including long shall have side rails of not les l9io x 2 lA Inch lumber. (il) Ladders over 12 feet long a to and including those 16 feet lorn have side rails of not less th an l'K* Inch lumber. (ill) Ladders over 16 feet long a Title 29-- Chapter XIII (4) Table E~4 In f 1502.68 shall be used r.~- a guide in determining safe loads for scaffold planks. (1) Barterails and toeboards. (1) Scaffolding', staging, runways, or work ing platforms which are supported or suspended more than 5 feet above a solid surface, or at any distance above the water, shall he provided with a rail ing which has a top rail whose upper sur face is from 42 to 45 Inches above the upper surface of the staging, platform, or runway and a midrail located half way between the upper rail and the stag ing, platform, or runway. 12) Rails shall be of 2 x 4 Inch lumber, flat bar or pipe. When used with rigid supports,1taut wire or fiber rope of adequate strength may be used. If the distance between supports is more than 8 feet, rails shall be equivalent In strength to 2 x 4 Inch lumber. Ralls shall be firmly secured. Where exposed to hot work or chemicals, fiber rope rails shall not be used. (3) Ralls may be omitted where the structure of the vessel prevents their use. When rails are omitted employees work ing more than 5 feet above solid surfaces shall be protected by safety belts and life lines meeting the requirements of 1 1502.84(b), and employees working over water shall be protected by buoyant work vests meeting the requirements of 1502.84(a), (4) Employees working from swinging scaffolds which are triced out of a verti cal line below their supports or from scaffolds on paint floats subject to surg ing, shall be protected against falling toward the vessel by a railing or a safely belt and line attached to the backrall. (5) When necessary, to prevent tools and materials from falling on men below, toeboards of not less than 1 x 4 inch lumber shall be provided. (j) Access to staging. (1) Access from below to staging more than 5 feet above a floor, deck or the ground shall consist of well secured stairways, cleated ramps, fixed or portable ladders meet ing the applicable requirements of } 1502.42 or rigid type non-collapslble trestles with parallel and level rungs. (2) Ramps and stairways shall be pro vided with 36-lnch handrails With midrails. (3) Ladders shall be so located or other means shall be taken so that it Is not necessary for employees to step more than one foot from the ladder to any Intermediate landing or platform. (4) Ladders forming integral parts of prefabricated staging are deemed to meet the requirements of these regula tions. (5) Access from above to staging more than 3 feet below the point of access shall consist of a straight, portable ladder meeting the applicable requirements of 1502.42 or a Jacob's ladder properly secured, meeting the requirements of 1502.44(d). J29 F.R. 4028, M ar. 21, 1904; 29 F.R. 6089, M ay S, 1004, as am ended a t S3 F.R. 14048, Oct. 10, 1067] 1502.42 Ladders. () General requirements. (1) The use of ladders with broken or missing rungs or steps, broken or split side rails, or other faulty or defective construction la prohibited. When ladders with such defects are discovered, they shall be im mediately withdrawn from service. In spection of metal ladders shall Include checking for corrosion of Interiors of open end, hollow rungs. (2) When sections of ladders are spliced, the ends shall be abutted, and not fewer than 2 cleats shall be securely nailed or bolted to each rail. The com bined cross sectional area of the cleats shall be not less than the cross sectional area of the side rail. The dimensions ef side rails for their 'total length shall be those specified In paragraphs (b) or (c) of this section. (3) Portable ladders shall be lashed, blocked or otherwise secured to prevent their being displaced. The side rails of ladders used for access to any level shall extend not less than 36 inches above that level. When this Is not practical, grab falls which will provide a secure grip for an employee moving to or from the point of access shall be Installed. (4) Portable metal ladders shall be of strength equivalent to that of wood ladders. Manufactured portable metal ladders provided by the employer shall be In accordance with the provisions of the United States of America Standard Safety Code for Portable Metal Ladders, A14.2. (5) Portable metal ladders shall not be used near electrical conductors nor for electric arc welding operations. () Manufactured portable! wood ladders provided by the employer shall be In accordance with the provisions of the United Btates of America Standard Safety Code for Portable Wood Ladders, A14.1 Title 29-- Chapter Xlll (b) Construction of portable wood elected ladders up to 30 feet in length, (1) Wood side rails shall be made from W est Coast hemlock, Eastern spruce, Sitka spruce, or wood of equivalent strength. Material shall be seasoned, { '1 (11) Cleats shall be of not \es 1 x 4 Inch lumber. (Hi) Cleats shall be nailed to ea with five IOd common wire n; fastened with through bolts or fastenings of equivalent strength. straight-grained wood, and free from shakes, checks, decay or other defects which will impair Its strength. The use [29 F.R, 4028, M ar, 27, 1064; 39 F i May 8, 1964, as am ended, a t 32 r a , Oct. JO, 1987] of low density woods is prohibited. (2) Side rails shall be dressed on all sides, and kept free of splinters. (3) All knots shall be sound and. hard. The use of material containing loose knots is prohibited. Knots shall not appear on the narrow face of the rail and, when In the side face, shall be not more than fa inch in diameter or within l/z inch of the edge of the rail or nearer than 3 Inches to a tread or rung. (4) Pitch pockets not exceeding Vs Inch in width, 2 inches in length and fa inch in depth are permissible In wood side rails, provided that not more than one such pocket appears in each 4 feet of length. (5) The width between side rails at the base shall be not less than U fa inches for ladders 10 feet or less in length. For longer ladders this width shall be Increased at least fa Inch for each additional 2 feet of length. (6) Side rails shall be at least 1% x 3% inches in cross section. (7) Cleats (meaning rungs rectangular In cross section with the wide dimension parallel to the rails) shall be of the material used for side rails, straightgrained and free from knots. Cleats shall be mortised Into the edges of the side rails fa inch, or filler blocks shall be used on the rails between the cleats. The cleats shall be secured to each rail with three lOd common wire nails or fastened with through bolts or other fasteners of equivalent strength. Cleats shall be uniformly spaced not more than 12 inches apart. (8) Cleats 20 Inches or less in length shall be at least 2% 2 x 3 Inches in cross g 1502.43 G uarding o f deck op and edges. (a) When employees are work the vicinity of flush manholes and small openings of comparable size deck and other working surfaces, openings shall be suitably cover guarded to a height of not less 30 Inches, except where the use of guards is made impracticable by the actually In progress. (b) When employees are wo around open hatches not protecte coamings to a height of 24 inch around other large openings, the of the opening shall be guarded li working area to a height of 36 t inches, except where the use of guards is made impracticable by work actually In progress. (c) When employees are expose unguarded edges of decks, platfo flats, and similar flat surfaces, more 1 5 feet above a solid surface, the e shall be guarded by adequate guard) meeting the requirements of 1502.4 (1) and (2), unless the nature of the a in progress or the physical condit prohibit the use or installation of s guardrails. (d) When employees arc working r the unguarded edges of decks of ves afloat, they shall be protected by fouoj work vests, meeting the requirement 1 1502.84(a). (e) Section of bilges In which f plates or gratings have not befen insta shall be guarded by guardrails ext where they would interfere with the w in progress. If these open sections ar section. Cleats over 20 Inches but not a walkway at least two 10-lnch pla more than 30 inches in length shall be at placed side by side, or equivalent, shal least 2!>32 x 3% Inches In cross section. laid across the opening to provide a i (c) Construction of portable wood walking surface. cleated ladders from 30 to 60 feet in (f) Gratings, walkways, and catwa length. (1) Ladders from. 30 to 60 feet In which sections of gratings and Iad< in length shall be in accordance with the have not been installed shall be ba specifications of paragraph (b) of this ceded with adequate guardrails. section with the following exceptions: 139 F.R. 4038, M ar. 37, 1964; 29 F J t. f| (1) Ralls shall be of not less than 2 x 6 May 8, 1964, as am ended a t 33 T S.. 14! inch lumber. Oct. 10. 1987] | Title 29-- Chapter XIII 1502.44 Access to vessels. Inches in height shall be provided be () Access to vessels afloat. The em ployer shall not permit employees to board or leave any vessel, except a barge or river towboat, until the following re quirements have been met: (1) Whenever practicable, a gangway of not less than 20 inches walking,sur face, of adequate strength, maintained In safe repair and safely secured shall be used. If a gangway Is not practi cable, a substantial straight ladder, ex tending at least 36 inches above the upper landing surface and adequately secured against shifting or slipping shall be provided. When conditions are such that neither a gangway nor a straight ladder can be used, a Jacob's ladder meeting the requ.rements of paragraph (d) (1) and (21 of this section may be used. (2) Each side of such gangway, and the turn table if used, shall have a rail ing with a minimum height of approxi mately 33 inches measured perpendicu larly from rail to walking surface at the stanchion, with mid rail. Rails shall be of wood, pipe, chain, wire, or rope and shall be kept taut at all times. (3) The gangway shall be kept prop erly trimmed at all times. (4) When a fixed tread accommoda tion ladder is used, and the angle is low enough to require employees to walk on the edge of the treads, cleated duckboards shall be laid over and secured to the ladder. (5) When the lower end of a gangway overhangs the water between the ship and the dock in such a manner that there is danger of employees falling between the ship and the dock, a net or other suitable protection shall be rigged at the foot of the gangway in such a manner as to prevent employees from falling from the end of the gangway. () If the foot of the gangway Is more tween the top of the bulwark and the deck. (9) Obstructions shall not be laid on or across the gangway. (10) The means of access shall be ade quately illuminated for its full length. (11) Load's shall not be passed over the means of access while employees are on it. (b) Access to vessels in drydock or be tween vessels. Gangways meeting the requirements of paragraph (a) (1), (2), (8), (9) and (10) of this section shall be provided for access from wing wall to vessel or, when two or more vessels, other than barges or river towboats, are lying abieast, from one vessel to another. (c) Access to barges and river tow boats. (1) Ramps for access of vehicles to or between barges shall be of ade quate strength, provided with side boards, well maintained and properly secured. (2) Unless employees can step safely to or from the wharf, float,' barge, or river towboat, either a ramp in accord ance with the requirements of subpara graph (1) of this paragraph or a safe walkway In accordance with the require ments of paragraph (a) (7) of this sec tion shall be provided. When a walk way is Impracticable, a substantial lad der, extending at least 36 Inches above the upper landing surface and ade quately secured against shifting or slip ping shall be provided. ''When condi tions are such that neither a walkway nor a straight ladder can be used, a Jacob's ladder In accordance with the re quirements of paragraph (d) of this sec tion may be used. (3) The means of access shall be in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (a)(8), (9) and (10) of this section. (d) Jacob's ladders. (1) Jacob's lad than one foot away from the edge of the apron, the space between them, shall be bridged by a Arm walkway equipped with railings, with a minimum height of ap proximately 33 inches with mid rails on both sides. t7) Supporting bridles shall be kept clear so as to permit unobstructed pas sage for employees using the gangway. ders shall be of the double rung or flat tread type. They shall be well main tained and properly secured. (2) A Jacob's ladder shall either hang without slack from its lashings or be pulled up entirely. 1502.45 Access to and guarding o f drydocks and marine railways. (8) When the upper end of the means (a) A gangway, ramp or* permanent of access rests on or flush with the top stairway of not less than 20 Inches walk of the bulwark, substantial steps properly ing surface, of adequate strength, main secured and equipped with at least one tained In rafe repair and securely substantial handrail approximately 33 fastened, sha 1 be provided between & floating dry dock and the pier or bulk head. (b) Each side of such gangway, ramp or permanent stairway, including those which are used for access to wing w alls, from dry dock floors, shall have a railing with a mid rail. Such railings on gang ways or ramps shall he approximately 42 inches In height; and railings on per manent stairways shall be not less than approximately 30 or more than approxi mately 34 inches in height. Rails shall be of wood, pipe, chain, wire, or rope and shall be kept taut at all times. (c) Railings meeting the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section shall be provided on the means of access to and from the floors of graving docks. (d> Railings approximately *42 inches In height, with a mid rail, shall be pro vided on the edges of wing walls of floating dry docks and on the edges of graving docks. Sections of the railings may be temporarily removed where necessary to permit line handling while a vessel Is entering or leaving the dock. (e) When employees are working on the floor of a floating dry dock where they are exposed to the hazard of fall ing Into the water, the end of the dry dock shall be equipped with portable stanchions and 42-inch railings with a mid rail. When such a railing would be impracticable or Ineffective, other effec tive means shall be provided to prevent men from falling into the water. (f) Access to wlngwalls from floors of dry docks shall be by ramps, permanent stairways or ladders meeting the applica ble requirements of 5 1502.42. (g) Catwalks on stUes of marine rail ways shall be no less than 20 Inches wide and shall have on at least one side a guardrail and mldrail meeting the re quirements of 1502.41(1) (1) and (2). (28 P i t . 4002, M ar. 27, 1664; 29 P i t . 6089, M ay 6, 1961, as am ended a t 32 P i t . 14048, Oot. 10, 1967] g 1502.46 Access to cargo spaces and confined spaces. (a) Cargo svaces. (1) There shall be at least one safe and accessible ladder in any cargo space which employees must enter. (2) When any fixed ladder Is visibly unsafe, the employer shall prohibit Its use by employees. (3) Straight ladders of adequate strength and suitably secured against shifting or slipping shall be provided aa necessary when fixed ladders In cargo spaces do not meet the require subparagraph (1) of this ps When conditions are such that ladder cannot be used, a Jacob meeting the requirements of 5 li may be used. (4) Fixed ladders or straighl provided for access to cargo spa not be used at the same time thi ment, materials or other lo entering or leaving the hold, using these ladders to enter or 1 hold, the employee shall be req Inform the winchman or th signalman of his intention. <b) Confined spaces. (1) Me one means of access shall be pro a confined space in which emplo working and In which the wc generate a hazardous atmospher space except where the structuri rangement of the vessel makes t vision Impractical. (2) When the ventilating di qulred by these regulations mi through these means of access, tt shall be of such a type and so ai as to permit free passage to an er through at least two of these m access. 1502,47 W orking surfaces. (a) When firebox floors preser ping hazards of exposed tubing missing or removed refractory, su planking to afford safe footing s laid while work is being carried on the boiler. (b) When employees are workln or elsewhere at elevations more feet above a solid surface, either s< or a sloping ladder, meeting the r ments of this subpart, shall be i afford safe footing, or the employe be protected by safety belts and 1 meeting the requirements of 1501 Employees visually restricted by t hoods, welding helmets, and t goggles shall work from scaffoli from ladders, except for the lnlt` final welding or burning opera! start or complete a job, such as th tion and dismantling of hung scaf! or other similar, nonrepetitlve brief duration. (O For work performed In res quarters, such as behind boilers between congested machinery un piping, work platforms at least 20 wide meeting the requlremei 5 1502.41(h)(1) shall be used. Be may be omitted if bulkheading. - r -- machinery units, or piping afford proper In safe condition, Temporary lights shall protection against falling. not be suspended by their electric cords (d) When employees are boarding, unless cords and lights are designed for leaving, or working from small boats or this means of suspension. Splices which floats, they shall be protected by buoyant have insulation equal to that of the cable work vests meeting the requirements of are permitted. 1 1502.84(a), (3) Cords shall be kept clear of work 132 PA . 14049, Oct. 10, 1967] ing spaces and walkways or other loca tions in which they are readily exposed Subpart F-- Genera! Working to damage. Conditions 1502.51 Housekeeping. (a) Good housekeeping conditions shall be maintained at all times. Ade quate aisles and passageways shall be maintained In ill work areas. All staging platforms, ramps, stairways, walkways, aisles, and passageways on vessels or drydocks shall be kept clear of all tools, ma terials, and equipment except that which' Is in use, and all debris such as welding rod tips, bolts, nuts, and similar mate rial. Hose and electile conductors shall be elevated over or placed under the walkway or working surfaces or covered by adequate crossover planks. (b) All working areas on vessels and dry docks shall be kept reasonably free of debris, and construction material shall be so piled as not to present a hazard to employees. (c) Slippery conditions on walkways or working surfaces shall be eliminated as they occur. (d) Free access shall be maintained at all times to all exits and to all fire-alarm boxes or fire-extinguishing equipment. (e) All oils, paints, thtnners, solvents, waste, rags, or other flammable sub stances shall be kept In Are resistant covered containers when not In use. (c) Exposed non-current-carrying metal parts of temporary lights fur nished by the employer shall be grounded either through a third wire in the cable containing the circuit conductors or through a separate wire which 1b grounded at the source of tne current. Grounding shall be in accordance with the requirements of 1502.721b). (d) Where temporary lighting from sources outside the vessel is the only means of Illumination, portable emer gency lighting equipment shall be avail able to provide illumination for safe movement of employees. (e) Employees shall not be permitted to enter dark spaces without a suitable portable light, The use of matches and open flame lights is prohibited, (f) Temporary lighting stringers or streamers shall be so arranged as to avoid overloading of branch circuits. Each branch circuit Shall be equipped with overcurrent protection of capacity not exceeding the rated current carrying capacity of the cord used. [29 F A . 4020, Mar. 27, 1964; 29 F.R. 6089, May 0, 1964, as am ended a t 32 F.R. 14049, Oct. 10, 1967] 1502.53 Utilities. 1 (a) Steam supply and hoses. (1) (29 F.R. 4028, Mar. 27. 1964; 29 F A . 6089, May B, 1994, ae am ended a t 32 F A . 14049, Oct. 10, 1967] Prior to supplying a vessel with steam from a source outside the vessel, the employer shall install a pressure gauge 1502,52 Illumination. (a) All means of access and walkways leading to working areas as well as the working areas themselves shall be ade quately Illuminated. (b) Temporary lights shall meet the following requirements: (1) T e m p o r a r y lights shall be equipped with guards to prevent acci dental contact with the bulb, except that guards are not required when the construction of the reflector is such that the bulb Is deeply recessed. (2) Temporary lights shall be equip ped with heavy duty electric cords with connections and insulation maintained and a relief valve of proper size and capacity at the point where the tem porary steam hose joins the vessel's steam piping system or systems. The relief valve shall be set and capable of relieving at a pressure not exceeding the safe working pressure of the vessel's system in its present condition, and there shall be no means of Isolating the relief valve from the system which It protects. The pressure gauge and relief valve shall be located so as to be visible and readily accessible. I (2) Steam hose and fittings shall have a saiety factor of not less than five (5). (3) When steam hose Is hung In a bight or bights, the weight shall be re- on lleved by appropriate lines. The hose shall be protected against chafing. (4) Steam, hose shall be protected from damage and hose and temporary piping shall be so shielded where passing through normal work areas as to prevent, accidental contact by employees. Cb) Electric power. (1) When the vessel Is supplied with electric power from a source outside the vessel, the following precautions shall be taken prior to energizing the vessel's circuits: (i) If in dry dock, the vessel shall be adequately grounded. (li) The employer shall insure that all of the vessel's circuits to be energized are In a safe condition. (ill) All circuits to be energized shall be equipped with overcurrent protection of capacity not exceeding the rated cur rent carrying capacity of the cord used. (c) Infrared electrical heat lamps. (1) All infrared electrical heat lamps shall be equipped with guards that surround the lamps with the exception of the face, to minimize accidental contact with the lamps. [39 FJ&. 4028, M&r. 21, 1964; 29 F.H . 6089, May 8, 1964, as am en d ed a t 32' T.R. 14049. O ct. 10, 19371 1502.54 W ork in confined o r isolated spaces. When any work Is performed In-a con fined space, except as provided in 1502.31(b) (3), or when an employee is work ing alone in an isolated location, fre quent checks shall be made to ensure the safety of the employees. 1502.55 W ork on or in the vicinity o f radar and radio. (a) No employees other than radar or radio repairmen .shall be permitted to work on masts, king posts or other aloft areas unless the radar and radio are secured or otherwise made Incapable of radiation. In either event, the radio and radar shall be appropriately tagged. (b) Testing of radar or radio shall not be done until the employer can schedule such tests at a time when no work Is In progress aloft or personnel can be cleared from the danger area according to minimum safe distances established for and based on the type, model, and power of the equipment, g 1502.56 W ork In or on lifeboats. , (a) Before employees are permitted to work in or on a lifeboat, either stowed or In a suspended position, fy . shall ensure that the boat1' ; Independently of the reteasini prevent the boat from fallin accidental tripping of the reles and movements of the davits or of a boat in chocks. <b) Employees shall not be j to remain in boats while the 1 being hoisted into final stowed <c) Employees shall not be j to work on the outboard side boats stowed on their chocks u boats are secured by gripes or i secured to prevent them from outboard. 1502.57 Health and sanilatio (a) No chemical product, si solvent or preservative; no s material, such as cadmium or zh steel, or plastic material; and n material, such as welding fllle which is a hazardous materia the meaning Of 5 1502.2( b) , shal until the employer has ascerta potential fire, toxic, or reactivity which are likely to be encounter handling, application, or utiliz such a material. <b) In order to ascertain the as required by paragraph (a) section, the employer shall ob following items of information w applicable to a specific product terial to be used: (1) The name, address, and t< number of the source of the lnfc specified in this paragraph, pi those of the manufacturer of the or material. (2) The trade name and synoi a mixture of chemicals, a basic si material, or for a process mate! the chemical name and sj chemical family, and formula foi chemical. (3) chemical names of haz&i eredients, including, but not lli those in mixtures, such as thos Paints, preservatives, and solve alloys, metallic coatings, fllle i and their coatings or core flu I (iii) other liquids, solids, or gsj abrasive materials). j (4) An Indication of the pel by weight or volume, which eacl ent of a mixture bears to the w'' ture, and of the threshold llmilj each ingredient, In appropriate title 29-- Chapter Xlll welds, deformation and Increase In overstresses and bends or springs the length or stretch. hook. (3) Interlink -wear, not accompanied (3) Hooks shall be Inspected period by stretch m excess of 5 percent, shall ically to see that they have not been ben* be noted and the chain removed from by overloading. Bent or sprung hook: service when maximum allowable wear shall not be used. at any point of link, as Indicated In Table 0 -9 in 1502.68 has been reached. 1502.64 Chain falls and pull-lifts. (4) Chain slings shall be removed from service when, due to stretch, the Increase In length of a measured section exceeds five (5) percent; when a link Is bent, twisted or otherwise damaged; or when raised scarfs or defective welds appear. 15) All repairs to chains shall be made under qualified supervision. Links or portions of the chain found to be defec tive as described In subparagraph (4) of this paragraph shall be replaced by links having proper dimensions and made of material similar to that of the chain. Before repaired chains are returned to service, they shall be proof tested to the proof test load recommended by the manufacturer. (6) Wrought iron chains In constant use shall be annealed or normalized at intervals not exceeding six months when recommended by the manufacturer. The chain manufacturer shall be con sulted for recommended procedures for annealing or normalizing. Alloy chains shall never be annealed. (7) A load shall-not be lifted with a chain having a kink or knot in It. A chain shall not be shortened by bolting, wiring or knotting. 1502.63 Shackles and hooks, (a) Chain falls and pull-lifts shall b* clearly marked to show the capacity ant the capacity shall not be exceeded. Cb) Chain falls shall be regularly In spected to ensure that they are safe, particular attention being given to the lift chain, pinion, sheaves and hooks for distortion and wear.. Pull-lifts shall be regularly Inspected to ensure that they are safe, particular attention being given to the ratchet, pawl, chain and hooks for distortion and wear. (c) Straps, shackles, and the beam or overhead structure to which a chain fall or pull-lift Is secured shall be of adequate strength to support the weight of load plus . gear. The upper hook shall be moused or otherwise secured against coming free of Its support. (d) Scaffolding shall not be used as a point of attachment for lifting devices, such as tackles, chain falls, and pull-lifts unless the scaffolding Is specifically de signed for that purpose. [29 F.R. 4028. Mar. 27, 1904; 29 F.R, 6089, May 8, 1984, a s 1am ended a t 33 F J t. 14049, Oct. 10, 1987] 1502,65 Hoisting and hauling equip ment, (a) Derrick and crane certification: (1) Derricks and cranes which are part (a) Shackles, (l) Table G-10 m of, or regularly placed aboard, barges, i 1502.68 shall be used to determine the other vessels, or on wlngwalls of floating safe working loads,of various sizes of drydocks, and are used to transfer ma shackles, except that higher safe work terials or equipment from or to a vessel ing loads are permissible when recom or drydock, shall be tested and certifi mended by the manufacturer for specific, cated In accordance with the standards Identifiable products, provided that a provided In Part 1505 of this chapter by safety factor of not less than five (5) persons accredited for that purpose. Is maintained. (b) Hooks. (1) The manufacturer's recommendations shall be followed in determining the safe working loads of the various sizes and types of specific and Identifiable hooks. All hooks for which no applicable manufacturer's rec ommendations are available shall be tested to twice the Intended safe working load before they are Initially put into use. The employer shall maintain a record of the dates and results of such tests. (2) Loads shall be applied to the throat of the hook since loading the point (2) Subparagraph (1) of this para graph shall take effect 180 days after the effective date of this amendment. . (b) The moving parts of hoisting and hauling equipment shall be guarded. (c) Mobile crawler or truck cranes used on a vessel: (1) The maximum man ufacturer's rated safe workingloads for the various working radii of rthe boom and the maximum and minimum radii at which the boom may be safely used with and without outriggers shall be con spicuously posted near the controls ant Title 29-- Chapter XIII r- shall be visible to the operator. A radlua (1) Loads (tools, equipment `i Indicator shall be provided. materials) shall not be swung (2) The posted safe working loads of pended over the heads of emploj mobile crawler or truck cranes under the (j) Pieces of equipment or s conditions of use shall not be exceeded. susceptible to falling or disloi (d) Accessible areas within the swing shall be secured as early as posslfc radius of the outermost part of the body (k) An Individual who Is famll of a revolving derrick or crane either the signal code In use shall be : permanently or temporarily mounted, to act as a signalman when tl shall be guarded In such a m anner as to operator cannot see the load bel prevent an employee from being In such died. Communications shall be a position as to be struck by the crane means of clear and distinct v or caught between the crane and fixed auditory signals except that vei parts of the vessel or of the crane itself. nals shall not be permitted. (e) Marine railways: (1) The cradle (l) Pallets, when used, shal or carriage on the marine railway shall such material and construction be positively blocked or secured when In maintained as to safely supp< the hauled position to prevent It from carry the loads being handled o being accidentally released. (m) A section of hatch throug [33 F.R. 14049, O ct. 10, 16071 1502.66 Use o f gear. (a) Loads shall be safely rigged before materials or equipment are betaf lowered, moved, or otherwise manually or by a crane, winch, 1 derrick, shall be completely open being hoisted. (b) Plates shall be handled on and off hulls by means of shackles whenever possible. Clips or pads of ample size shall be welded to the plate to receive the shackle pins when there are no holes in the plate. When It Is n ot possible to make holes In or to weld pads to the plate, alligator tongs, grab hooks, grab clamps or screw clamps may be used. In such cases special precautions shall be taken to keep employees from under such lifts. (c) Tag lines shall be provided on loads likely to swing or to need guidance. id) When slings are secured to eye- bolts. the slings shall be so arranged, using spreaders If necessary, that the Pull Is within 20 degrees of the axis of the bolt. (e) Slings shall be padded by means of wood blocks or other suitable material where they pass over sharp edges or corners of loads so as to prevent cutting or kinking. (f) Skips shall be rigged to be han beam or pontoon left In place a to an opening shall be sufficiently locked or otherwise secured to pr from being unshipped. (n) Hatches shall not be op closed while employees are In the of the hatch below. (o) Before loads or empty Uffch are raised, lowered, or swung, cle sufficient advance 'timing shall t to employees In the vicinity o operations. <p> At no time shall an emplc permitted to place himself In a haz position between a swinging load fixed object [29 PM. 4028, Mar. 27, 1904; 29 PJ May 8, 1984, a s a m en d e d a t 32 PM Oct. 10. 18B7] 1502.67 Qualifications of o p en (a) When ship's gear Is used t materials aboard, a competent shall determine that the gear Is p dled by not less than. 3 legged bridles, rigged that It Is In safe Conditlc and all legs shall always be used. When that It will not be overloaded by i open end skips are used, means shall be and weight of the lift. taken to prevent the contents from fall (b) Only those employees who ing. stand the signs, notices, and op (g) Loose ends of Idle legs of slings instructions, and are familiar w In use shall be hung on the hook. signal code In use, shall be perm (h) Employees shall not be permitted operate a crane, winch, or other to ride the hook or the load. operated hoisting apparatus. 27 Title 29-- Chapter XIII (c) No employee known to have defec (d) No minor under efghteen (18) tive uncorrected eyesight or hearing, or to be suffering from heart disease, epi lepsy, or similar ailments which may suddenly incapacitate him, shall be per years of age shall be employed In occu pations Involving the operation of any power-driven hoisting apparatus or as sisting In such operations by work such as hooking on, loading slings, rigging mitted to operate a crane, winch or other gear, etc. power operated hoisting apparatus. 1502.68 Tables. TABLE E-l DIMENSIONS AND SFACINO OF WOOD IND EPEN DENT-POLE SCAFFOLD M EM BERS Structure! M em bers L ig h t d u t y (U p to Its p o u n d s p e r sq u are foot) H eight in feet H e a v y d u l y (25 to 7J p o u n d s p e r sq u are foot) H eight Infect 24 o r less 24-40 40-60 24 o r less 24-40 40-60 Poles or uprights (In Stringers (not su p porting bearers) (in in ch es)----.. P o le s p a c in g --lo n g itu d lP o lo spacing--tra n s v e r s e ly L e d g e r sp ac in g --v e rtic a lly (In fe e t)................................... 2 x 4 -- - __ 2 X 6................ 2 X 0 - ............. 1 x 6 ....... ........ 1x4-- .-- 7 J 4 ................... 6% m i n .......... 3 x 4 o r 3 x 6 ~ 4 X 4 . . . . . . __ 2 x 6 ................ 2 I 6................ 2 x 6................ 1 1 6 ...... ......... 1 x A 1 X6 ............... 1 x 6 ................ 7 H ................... 7M ................... 7M la ta-* -- 7 ....................... 3 X 4______ 1 X 6-- ___ 1 X 0__ ___ 1. Atdf M ............... 4 x 4______ 2x8 . 2X8. ... 4x6 2 x 10 2xg 1 I 9 - .. 1x0 1 x 6-- ' 1X 6 7 7 10. . . . 10 4M ............... m TABLE E-2 SPECIFICATIONS FOR SIDE RAILS OF LADDERS Length (in tost) Cross section (In Inches) At ends At center I t . -- . ............ ........ 16............................. 18 .. 20 2 4 .-.- .......... l x 2 H l|il3 1J4 x 3 !H x3 lM xJM 1Mx 3H 114x4 VA x 4 1J4X4H TABLE E-3 SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF HORSES Structural members H elghtm feat Up to 10 10 to 16 16 to 30 Inckii Legs.____ _____ 2x4 Bearers or headers. 2 x 6 f 2x4 Crossbraces.......... < or l I xB Longitudinal braces... . . . . . . . 3 x 4 Indtu 3x4 3x3 1 ( 3x4 3x6 Inchet 4x6 4x6 Sxfi 2xfi Tllla 29-- Chapter XIII TABLE E-4 SAFE C EN TER LOADS FOR SCAFFOLD PLANK OF 1,100 POUNDS FIBRE STRESS Lumber dimensions In lushes i A B AB A B A B A B Span In Feet . _ o TO* X Xt- a Xo ci H H X aK MX OQ H u ao M K #S H WX W N no 6 _ .............. ... 259 809 528 907 807 s ______ ____ 192 232 393 500 606 f 10..... ....................... 153 339 316 100 181 12._____ . . . . 128 153 263 333 404 t I t ______ ___ 133 225 289 M9 16..... ..........-- 116 137 250 303 (A)--Rough lumber. (B>--DreMed lumber. f TABLE g - i MANILA ROPE ' | {In pounds or tons o f 2000 pounds) 0-- i A A . Circum Diameter S in g le Leg ference in inches i, . - i 60 r 45 30 i.......... ..... j 3/4 1 1-1/8 1-1/4 1-3/8 1-1/2 1-3/4 2 2-.1/4 2-1/2 2-3/4 3 3-1/4 3-1/2 3-3/4 4 4-1/2 5 5-1/2 8 e - i /2 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 15/32 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4 13/16 7/8 1 1-1/16 1-1/8 1-1/4 1-5/16 1-1/2 1-5/8 1-3/4 2 2-1/8 120 lb s . 200 270 350 450 530 690 880 1080 1300 1540 1800 1 .0 Tins 1 .2 1 .3 5 l.S 1 .8 2 .2 5 2 .6 3 .1 3 .6 204 346 467 605 775 915 1190 1520 1870 2250 2660 3120 1.7 2 .1 2 .3 2 .0 3.1 3,9 4 .5 5.4 6.2 lb s. Tons 170 282 380 493 635 796 973 1240 1520 1830 2170 2540 1 .4 1 .7 1 .9 2 .1 2 .5 3 .2 3 .7 4 .4 5 .1 lb s. Tons 120 lbs 200 270 350 450 530 690 830 1080 1300 1540 1600 1 ,0 Tot 1 .2 1 ,3 3 1 .5 1 .8 2 .2 5 2 .6 3 .1 3 .6 29 Title 29-- Chapter XIII ` TABLE O -J BATED CAPACITIES FO R IMPROVED PLOW BTOEL, INDEPENDENT W IR E RO PE CORE, WIRE ROPE AND WIRE HOPE SLINGS (In tons of 2000 pounds) Rops Dia. Inches 1/4" 3/8" 1/2" 5/8" 3/4" 7/8" 1" 1-1/8" SINGLE LEG Vertical A B C A .59 1.3 2.3 3.6 5.1 6.9 9.0 11. 6x19 CLASSIFICATION .56 1.2 2.2 3.4 4.9 6.6 8.5 10. .53 1.1 2.0 3.0 4.2 5.5 7.2 9.0 .44 .98 1.7 2.7 3.8 5.2 6.7 8.5 Choker B .42 .93 1.6 2.5 3,6 4.9 6.4 7.8 C .40 .86 i b 2.2 3.1 4.1 5.4 6.8 1-1/4" 13. 1-3/8" 16. 1-1/2" 19. 1-3/4" 26. 2" 33. 2-1/4" 41. 6x37 CLASSIFICATION 12. 10. 9.9 15. 13. 12. 17. 15. 14. 24. 20. 19. 30. 26. 25. 38. 33. 31. 9,2 11. 13, 18, 23. 29. 7.9 9.6 11. 15. 20. 25. (A) - Socket or Swaged Terminal attachment. (B) - Mechanical Sleeve attachment. (C) - Hand Tucked Splice attachment. Title 29-- ^Chapter X III TAflMC CAl'Af'lTlK a FOR lM rR O T tf^ l'lj f ^ 'E5 HLFN<3B14I>Eri:f,D:i5MT * * * * * r F <tn to n ! Of 3009 p o o o ill) _______ TVQ - LES BRIOLE OR BASKET BITCH Rope D ili Inchoe Vertical *8 C -- ux* ~ i . i i7 i 3/fl" 2.6 2.5 l / j " 4.6 4.4 5/6'* 7.2 6.6 3/4" 10. 8.7 7/6" 14. 13. 1" IS. 17. 1-1/6*' 23. 21, TTo 2.3 3.9 6.0 B.4 ii. 14. IB. A 60 d * V \ e r r r i AB c AB C 6x18 CLASSIFICATION 1.0 -- r r .92 ,83 2.3 2.1 2,0 1.8 4.0 3.6 3.4 3.2 6.2 5.9 5.2 5,1 6 .9 B.4 7 .3 7 .2 12. 11. 9.6 9.8 >5. 13. 12. 13. 10. IB, 16, 16. .70 l.S 3.1 4.8 6,0 9 .3 13. 15. .73 1.6 3 .a 4,2 - 3.0 7.6 10. 13. 308 _ r1-- - ^. 7,..i * Lj _ ' .59 1.3 2.3 3.6 3.1 6.9 9.0 11. .36 1.2 3.2 3.4 4.9 6.6 8.8 20, .53 1.1 3,0 3.0 4.2 3.5 7.2 0 .0 1-1/4* 26. 2 4 . 1-3/6" 32. 29. 1 -1/3" 3 a. 35. 1-3/4" 51. 4 7 . 2" 6 0 . 61. a-j/4 " S3. 7 6 . 6 x3 7 CLASSIFICATION 21. 23. 23. 2 6 , 30, 33, 41. 4 4 . 53. 87. 6 6 . 72, 2 1 . 16. 19. 17. 25. 22, ,22. 21. 3 0 . 26. 37. 25, 41. 35. 36. 3 3 . 5 3 , 46. 47. 43. 6 6 . 57. 5 B 34. (A) - Socket or Swtftd T t r i i u l Attachment. (B) - Mechanical Sleeve Attachment. fC) - Rend Tucked Splice Attachment. Kill-- l IS. 13. 16. 16. 21. 19. 29. 26. 37. 33. 47. 4 1 . 12. 10. 15. 13. 17. 15. 3 4 . 20. 30. 26, 38. 3 3 . i Title 29----Chapter XIII BATED TABLB G-4 CAPACITIES FOR IMPROVED PLOW STEEL. FIBER ROPE AND W IRE R O PE SLINOS (In tons of 2000 pounds) CORE, W IRE Rope SINGLE LEG Oia. Vertical Choker Inches A B C A B C 1/4 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/8 .55 1.2 2.1 3.3 4.8 6.4 8.4 10. 6x19 CLASSIFICATION .51 1.1 2.0 3.1 4.4 5.9 7.7 9.5 .49 1.1 1.8 2.8 3.9 5,1 6.7 8.4 .41 .91 1.6 2.5 3.6 4.8 6.3 7.9 .38 .85 1.5 2.3 3.3 4.5 5.8 7.1 .37 .80 1.4 2.1 2.9 3.9 5.0 6.3 1-1/4 12. 1-3/8 15. 1-1/2 17. 1-3/4 24. 2 31. 6x37 CLASSIFICATION 11. 9.8 9.2 13. 12. 11. 16. 14. 13. 21. 19. 18. 28. 25. 23. 8.3 10. 12. 16. 21. 7.4 8.9 10. 14. 18. (A) - Socket or Swaged Terminal attachment. (B) - Mechanical Sleeve attachment. (c) - Hand Tucked Splice attachment. itte z v -- v n a p te r aiii (top* Ola. Inehe* 1/4 3/8 l/a 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/8 table o-s rated capacities ro n w r n o v r n plow STr.r.u rmriR c o n r. -wins * r r M.tNoi fte tr>aof SfflOpowndu) ISO _ BRIDLE or basket BITCH Vortical AB c A 60 [AtA 1 AB c ,1sx _ 1 *9 c 30 r r rn * 8C i . i 1.0 2.4 2.3 4.3 3.9 8.7 8.2 9.8 8.8 13. 12. 17. IS. 21. 19. .99 2.1 3.7 s.s 7.8 10. 13. 17. 6x19 CLASSIFICATION .93 2.1 3.7 s.a 8.2 11. 14. 18. .C8 *85 .77 ,72 1.9 l.s 1.7 1.8 3.4 9.2 3.0 2.8 5,3 7.8 4.8 6.8 4.7 8.7 4.4 6.3 10. 8.0 0.1 8.4 13. 11. 12. 11. 18. 14. IS. 13. . .70 .34 l.s 1.3 3,6 2.1 4,0 3.3 S.S 4.8 7.3 6.4 9.4 8.4 12. 10. .51 .*9 1.1 1.1 2.0 1.8 3.1 9.8 4.4 3.9* 3.9 3.1 7.T 8.7 9.1 8.4 6x37- CLASSIFICATION 1-1/4 as, 22, 1-3/8 30. 27. 1-1/2 35, 33. 1-3/4 48. 43. 3 62, S3. 20, 21. 24, 28. 28, 30, 38, 41, 49. 33, 19, 17. 17. 16. 23. 20. 21. 19. 27. 37. 24. 33. 23, 34, 22. 30. 48. 43. 43. 39. (A) Sect[t or Gvfcged T*ll attichMat. (B) (C) - Heellanleal 8Leer* ettaetUMBt, Bloc Tueked Spile* *ttec a**at . 14. 12. 17. 15. 20. IT. 37. 24. 13. SI. 11. 2,8 13. 12. 18. 14. 21, 19. 38, 33. T able 0 - * --N o iib e b abb S pacdhj o r U-Bolt Wh i R ope C u ra Improved plow steel, rope diameter. Inches * H.................. t2 1 iLj Number otollpa Minimum Drop Other spinacchinesg, forged material S8 4 4 3 3 H 4 4 6 6 K 4 5 6 6 e a< 5 7 7 J? 6 7 m 6 8 9 T hree clips shall be used on wire site less then HIcch diameter. 33 ( l i n e jy--- <nopier y\m N otainal 8 i* o C hain S to c k Inch* * 1/4 5/16 3 /8 * 7/10 1 /2 9/16 5/8 3 /4 7 /8 1 1 -1 /8 1-1/4 1-3/8 1-1/2 1-3/8 1-3/4 1-7/8 2 TABLE G-7 WROUGHT IRON CHAIN (la pounds or tons of 2000 pogndsj S in g le Leg Y,G r : ...n . n 60 AQ .. ] 45 A!. ___1 1060 1655 2385 3250 2 .1 2 .7 3 .3 4 .8 6 .5 8 .5 1 0 .0 1 2 .4 1 5 .0 17.8 2 0 .9 2 4 .2 2 7 .6 3 1 .6 1835 2865 2 .1 2 .8 3 .7 4 .6 3 .7 8 .3 11,2 14.7 17.3 2 1 .4 2 5 .9 30.8 3 6 .2 4 2 .0 4 7 .9 54.8 1500 2340 3370 2 .3 3 .0 3 .8 4 ,7 8 .7 9 .2 12.0 14.2 1 7 .5 21.1 2 5 .2 29.5 3 4 .3 3 9 .1 4 4 .8 30 1060 1655 2385 3250 2*1 2 .7 3 .3 4 .8 6 .3 8 .9 1 0 .0 1 2 .4 1 5 .0 1 7 .8 2 0 .9 2 4 .2 2 7 .6 3 1 .6 These s ir e s of wrought iro n ch ain are no lo n g e r anufaotured in th e U nited S ta te s . 34 K oninal S ize C hain S to c k Inch. 1 /4 3 /8 1 /2 5 /8 3 /4 7 /8 1 1 -1 /8 1 -1 /4 1 -3 /8 1 -1 /2 1 -5 /8 1 -3 /4 TABUS G -S ALLOY STEEL CKAIH (In tons of 2000 pounds) S in g lti Leg cj> 1 ......J 60 AL ___1 45 A L , ___ 1 1 .62 3 .30 5 .6 2 8 .25 11 5 14 .3 19 .3 22 .2 28 .7 33 .5 39 .7 42 .5 47 .0 2 .8 2 5 .7 0 9 .7 5 1 4 .2 5 1 9 .9 2 4 .9 3 3 .5 3 8 .5 4 9 .7 5 8 .0 6 8 .5 7 3 .5 8 1 .5 2 .2 7 4 .6 5 7 .9 0 1 1 .6 5 1 6 .2 2 0 .3 2 7 .3 3 1 .5 4 0 .5 4 7 .0 5 6 .0 5 9 .5 6 2 .0 30 n 1 .6 2 3 ,3 0 5 .6 2 8 .2 5 1 1 .5 1 4 .3 1 9 .8 2 2 .2 2 8 .7 3 3 .5 3 9 .7 4 2 .5 4 7 .0 35 table a-e maximum allowable wear at any point op link Chain site In Inches Maximum allowable wear in frac tion of Inches .........................-- H.... .......... .. ........................ . 94............. .................... ....... u ......................................... {*"....... ................................. 1U ________________ ___ T __________ ___ ____ __ iy.............. ......................... ij^.......... ................ .............. ifi ...................................... ?s< 9l*it4 Hi Hi B! H 'Hi SAFE TABLE a-IO W O R K IN G LOADS F O R SH A CK LES [In tons of 2000 p o u n d s] Material aloe (Inches) Pin diameter (Inches) Safa working load K.......... ....................... 1.4 H .................................... H !(.........-....................... . H 2.2 3.2 f i .................................... 1 4.3 1 ................................. 1H 3,6 ................. -.......... IK 6.7 ................................... 1H 8-2 1M............................ m .......... -...................... I1KH 10.0 11.9 IK .-- , .......................... 2 16.2 2.................................... . 2H 212 TABLE 1-1 F IL T E R L E N SE S FO R P R O T E C T IO N A G A IN ST R A D IA N T E N E R O Y O peration Shade No, T o rc h B ra z in g _______ ____________ -- L ig h t c a t tin g , u p to I in c h ................. M e d iu m c u ttin g , 1-6 in c h e s ...... ............ H e a v y c u ttin g , o v e r &I n c h e s .... . . . __ Light gas w e ld in g ,u p U>H I n c h ,. ., . M e d iu m gas w e ld in g , H-M In c h .......... H e a v y gas w elding, o v e r H In c h ____ Shielded M etal-A rc W elding M- to $4a-inch electrodes Inert-gas M etal A rc W elding (N on- ferrous) Ha- to fa -m ch electrodes. Inert-gas M otal-A rc W elding (F er rous) Ha- to46a-itich electrodes. Shielded M etal-A rc W elding; to H -to o h e le c tr o ir a ................. 91 e- a n d 9S-inoh e le c tro d e s ............. A to m ic H y d ro g e n W eld ltic.................. C a rb o n A rc W e ld in g --- ............. --... 2 3 or 4 3 or 4 4 or 5 5 or 6 4 or 5 &o r 6 6 or 8 10 11 12 12 14 10 to 14 14 [2 6 F .R . 4 0 2 8 , M a r. 27, 1004; 2 9 P H . 0089, M a y 8. 1964, aa a m e n d e d a t 3 2 P R , 1 4 050, O c t. 10. 1967] Subpart H-- Tools and Related Equipment 1502.71 General precautions. (a) Hand lines, slings, tackles of ade quate strength, or carriers such as tool bags with shoulder straps, shall be pro vided and used to handle tools, materials, and equipment so that employees will have their hands free when using ship's ladders and access ladders. The use of hose or electric cords for this purpose is prohibited. Cb) When air tools of the recipro cating type are not In use, the discs and tools shall be removed. (c) All portable, power-driven circular saws shall be equipped with guards above and below the base plate or shoe. The upper guard shall cover the saw to the depth of the teeth, except for the mini mum arc required to permit the base to be tilted for bevel cuts. The lower guard shall cover the saw to the depth of the teeth, except for the minimum arc required to allow proper retraction and contact with the work. When the tool Is withdrawn from the work, the lower guard shall automatically and instantly return to the covering position. (d) The moving parts of machinery on dry docks shall be guarded. (e) Before use, pneumatic tools shall be secured to the extension hose or whip by some positive means to prevent the tool from becoming accidentally discon nected from the whip. , (f) The moving parts of drive mecha nisms, such as gearing and belting on large portable tools, shall be adequately guarded. (g) Headers, manifolds, and widely spaced hose connections on compressed air lines shall bear the word "air" in letters at least 1 fnch high, which shall be painted either on the manifold or separate hose connections, or on signs permanently attached to the manifolds or connections. Grouped air connections may he marked in one location. Ch) Before use. compressed air hose shall be examined. Visibly damaged and unsafe hose shall not be used. [29 F.R. 4023, Mar. 27, 1904; 29 F R . 6089, Moy 8, 1984, aa am ended a t 33 F R . 14060, Oct. 10. 1967] 1502.72 Portable electric tools. | (a) The frames of portable electric tools and appliances, except double In sulated tools approved by Underwriters' Laboratories, shall be grounded either 36 i m e (tr-- w n a p iv r #*m through a third wire In the cable con taining the circuit conductors or through a separate wire which is grounded at the source of the current. (b) Grounding circuits, other than by ' means of the structure of the vessel on which the tool is being used, shall be Checked to ensure that the circuit be tween the ground and the grounded power conductor has resistance which Is low enough to permit sufficient current to flow to cause the fuse or circuit breaker to interrupt the current. (c) Portable electric tools which are held in the hand shall be equipped with switches of a type which must be man ually held In the closed position. (d) Worn or frayed electric cables shall not be used. [29 F A - 4028, M ar. 27. 1664: 29 F A . 6086, May 8, 1964, a s am en d ed a t 82 P A . 14050, Oct. 10, 1687] 1502.73 H and tools. (a) Employers shall not issue or per mit the use of unsafe hand tools. (b) Wrenches, including crescent, pipe, end and socket wrenches, shall not be used when Jaws are sprung to the point that slippage occurs. (c) Impact tools, such as drift pins, wedges, and chisels, shall be kept free of mushroomed heads. (d) The wooden handles of tools shall be kept free of splinters or cracks and shall be kept tight in the tool. w 'V' / revolving cup guard or a band Type in accordance with the provisions o United States of America Star Safety Code for the Use, Care, and tection of Abrasive Wheels, B7.1 other portable abrasive wheels use* external grinding shall be provided safety guards (protection hoods) me the requirements of paragraph (t this section, except as follows: (1) When the work location mak impossible, In which case a v equipped with safety flanges as desc: in paragraph (f) of this section shs used. (2) When wheels 2 inches or 1 diameter which are securely mounte the end of a steel mandrel are used. (d> Portable abrasive wheels usee internal grinding shall be provided safety flanges (protection flanges) rr ing the requirements of paragraph of this section, except as follows: (1) When wheels 2 inches or les diameter which are securely mounte< the end of a steel mandrel are used. (2) If the wheel Is entirely within work being ground while In use. (e) When safety guards are requi they shall be so mounted as to mainl proper alignment with the wheel, i the guard and Its fastenings shall bi sufficient strength to retain fragment the wheel in case of accidental breaks The maximum angular exposure of grinding wheel periphery and sides si 1502.74 Abrasive wheels. not exceed 180 degrees. (f) When safety flanges are requir (a) Floor stand and bench mounted they shall be used only with wh< abrasive wheels used for external grind designed to fit the flanges. Only saf ing shall be provided with safety guards flanges of a type and design and prope (protection hoods) The maximum assembled so as to Insure that the pie angular exposure of the grinding wheel of the wheel will be retained in case periphery and sides shall be not more accidental breakage shall be used. than 90 degrees, except that when work (g) All abrasive wheels shall be clos requires contact with the wheel below inspected and ring tested before mou the horizontal plane of the spindle, the lng to ensure that they are `free fr angular exposure shall not exceed 125 cracks or defects. degrees. In either case the exposure (h) Grinding wheels shall fit fre shall begin not more than 65 degrees on the spindle and shall not be for< above the horizontal plane of the -spindle. on. The spindle nut shall be tightei Safety guards shall be strong enough only enough to hold the wheel In pis to withstand the effect of a bursting (1) The power supply shall be s wheel, fleient to maintain the rated spin (b) Floor and bench mounted gTinders speed under all conditions of norr shall be provided with work rests which grinding. The rated maximum speed are rigidly supported and readily adjust the wheel shall not be exceeded. able. Such work rests shall be kept a U) All employees u s i n g abras distance not to exceed Vs inch from the 1 wheels shall be protected by eye prot surface of the wheel. tion equipment in accordance with (c) Cup type wheels used for external requirements of { 1502.81 (a) and ( grinding shall be protevtod by either a except when adequate eye protection \ Title 29-- Chapter Xltl afforded by eye shields which are perma nently attached to the bench or floor stand. JS9 F.R. 4028, Mar. 27, 1864; 29 F.R. 6089, M ay' 8, 1964, as am ended a t 32 F.R. X4050, Oct. 10, 1967] 1502,75 Pow der actuated fattening loots. (a) General precautions. (1) Powder actuated fastening tools shall be tested each day before loading to ensure that the safety devices are In proper working condition. Any tool found not to be In proper working order shall be immedi ately removed from service until repairs are made. (2) Powder actuated fastening tools shall not be used In an explosive or flammable atmosphere. (3) All tools shall be used with the type of shield or muzzle guard appro priate for a particular use. (4) Fasteners shall not be driven into very hard or brittle materials, such as cast Iron, glazed tile, surface hardened steel, glass block, live rock, face brick or hollow tile. (5) Fasteners shall not be driven Into soft materials unless such materials are backed by a substance that will prevent the pin or fastener from passing com pletely through and creating a flying missile hazard on the opposite side. (6) Unless a special guard, fixture or Jig is used, fasteners shall not be driven directly into materials such as brick or concrete within 3 inches of the unsup ported edge or corner, or into steel sur faces within % inch of the unsupported edge or corner. When fastening other material, such as 2 x 4 inch lumber to a concrete surface, fasteners of greater than %2-lnch shank diameter shall not be used and fasteners shall not be driven within 2 Inches of the unsupported edge or corner of the work surface. (7) Fasteners shall not be driven through existing holes unless a positive guide is used to secure accurate align ment. (8) No attempt shall be made to drive e fastener into a spalled area caused by an unsatisfactory fastening.. (9) Employees using powder actuated fastening tools shall be protected by eye protection equipment in accordance with the requirements of $ 1502.81 (a) and <b). (b) Instruction of operators. Before employees are permitted to use powder actuated fastening tools, they shall have been thoroughly instructed by a com petent person with respect to the require ments of paragraph (a) of this section and the safe use of such tools as follows; (1) Before using a tool, the operator shall inspect it to determine that it Is clean, that all moving parts operate freely and that the barrel is free from obstructions. (2) When a tool develops a defect dur ing use, the operator shall immediately cease to use It and shall notify his super visor. (3) Tools shall not be loaded until Just prior to the Intended firing time and the tool shall not be left unattended while loaded. (4) The tool, whether loaded or empty, shall not be pointed at any person, and hands shall be kept clear of the open barrel end. (5) In case of a misfire, the operator shall hold the tool in the operating posi tion for at least 15 seconds and shall con tinue to hold the muzzle against the work surface during disassembly or opening of the tool and removal of the powder load. (6) Neither tools nor powder charges shall be left unattended in places where they would be available to unauthorized persons. 1502.76 Internal com bustion engines, other th an sh ip 's eq u ipm ent. <a) When internal combustion en gines, furnished by' the employer are used in a fixed position below decks, for such purposes as driving pumps, genera tors, and blowers, the exhaust shall be led to the open air, clear of any ventila tion Intakes and openings through which it might enter the vessel. lb) All exhaust line joints and connec tions shall be checked for tightness im mediately upon starting the engine, and any leaks shall be corrected at once. (c) When Internal combustion engines on vehicles, such as forklifts and mobile cranes, or on portable equipment such as fans, generators, and pumps exhaust Into the atmosphere below 'decks, the com petent person shall make tests of the carbon monoxide content of the atmos phere as frequently as conditions require tj insure that dangerous concentrations do not develop. Employees shall be re moved from the compartment Involved when the carbon monoxide concentra tion exceeds 50 parts per million (0.005 %). The employer shall use blowers sufficient In size and number and so ar ranged as to maintain the concentration me t't-- Lnoptcr aim below this allowable limit before work is resumed. (33 FJt. 1*050, Oct. 10, 1961} Subpart I-- Personal Protective , Equipment 1502.81 Eye protection. (a) General precautions. Cl) All eye protection equipment required by these regulations shall meet the specifications prescribed by the American Standard Safety Code for Head, Eye and Respira tory Protection, Z2.1. (2) Eye protection equipment shall be maintained In good condition. (3) Eye protection equipment which has previously been used shall be cleaned and disinfected before it is issued by the employer to another employee. (4) Employees who wear corrective spectacles while engaged In eye hazard ous work shall be protected by eye pro tection equipment of a type which can be worn over personal spectacles, except that glasses with prescription .ground safety lenses may be worn In lieu of cover goggles when such glasses provide suitable protection against the hazard involved. (b) Protection against impact. (1) In any operations such as chipping, caulking, drilling, riveting, grinding, and pouring babbitt metal, in which the eye hazard of flying particles, molten metal, or liquid chemical exists, employees shall be protected by suitable face shields or goggles meeting the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section. (c) Protection against radiant energy, (1) In any operation in which the eye hazard of injurious light rays or other radiant energy exists, depending upon the Intensity of the radiation to which employees are exposed, they shall be pro tected by spectacles, cup goggles, hel mets, hand shields, or face shields equipped with filter lenses meeting the requirements of paragraphs <a) and (c) (2) of this section. (2) Filter lenses shall be of a shade number appropriate to the type of work to be performed as indicated in Table I - l in 8 1502.68 except that variations of one or two shade numbers are permis sible to suit Individual preferences. (3) If filter lenses are used in the goggles worn under the helmet, the shade number of the lens in the helmet may be reduced so that the sum of the shade numbers of the two lenses will equal the value shown in 'idule 8 1502.68. [29 FJR. 4028, M ar. 27, 1984; 39 F. May 8, 1664, as am e n d e d a t 32 F f O ct. 10, 1987] 1502.82 Respiratory protection <a) General. (I) All resplrato tective equipment required by thes lations shall carry the TJ.S. But Mines approval for the use for w is intended. Respiratory prc equipment shall be used only for tl pose Intended and no modification; equipment shall be made. (2> Respiratory protective equ shall be Inspected regularly and taine d In good condition. G as mat isters and chemical cartridges si replaced as necessary so as to I complete protection. Mechanical shall be cleaned or replaced as nec so as to avoid undue reststar breathing. (3) Respiratory protective equl which has been previously used si cleaned and disinfected before it is by the employer to another emi Emergency rescue equipment shi cleaned and disinfected- Immec after each use. (4) Employees required to use ratory protective equipment approv use in atmospheres immediately da ous to life shall be thoroughly tral: its use. Employees required to use types of respiratory protective ( ment shall be Instructed in the us limitations of such equipment. (5) When an air line respir&l used, the air line shall be fitted pressure regulating valve and a which will remove oil, water, anc particles. The air Intake shall be a source which is free from all con nants, such as the exhaust from lnl combustion engines. 1 (6) In all cases, when an emplo stationed outside a compartment, or space as a tender or safety ms men working inside In an atmos Immediately dangerous to life, the t shall have Immediately avallabli emergency use replratory prot equipment equivalent to that rec for the men in the compartment. ' a tender is stationed outside a com ment for men working inside in a mosphere not immediately dangert life, the tender shall wear resplr protective equipment equivalent to required for the men In the com l i n e Z7-- ^ n a p i e r aiii ment If he 13 exposed for prolonged fort and possible injury after a prolonged periods to the same concentration of at single exposure or repeated short ex mospheric contaminants. posures. (b) Protection in atmospheres immedi (2) When employees are exposed to ately dangerous to life. (1) Atmospheres a gaseous contaminated atmosphere not Immediately dangerous to life are those immediately dangerous to life, they shall which contain less than 16.5 percent oxy be protected by respiratory protective gen, or which by reason of the high equipment approved for use in the type toxicity of the contaminant, as in fumi and concentration of the gaseous con gation, or high concentration of the con taminant as follows: taminant, as with carbon dioxide, would (1) In high or unknown concentra endanger the life of a person breathing tions, a hose mask or an air line respi them for even a short period of time. rator. The use of either a hose mask or (2) In atmospheres immediately dan an air line respirator in. lower concen gerous to life the only approved types trations Is permissible, of respiratory protective equipment are (11) In concentration of ammonia the following: of less than 3 percent, or of other gases (i) Self-contained breathing appa less than 2 percent, by volume, a canister ratus, in which the wearer carries with type gas mask equipped with the proper him a supply of oxygen, air, or an oxy type of canister. Different canisters are gen generating material. approved for specific use against the (it) Hose mask with blower, in which a following gases or groups of gases: acid hand or motor operated blower supplies gases, hydrocyanic acid gas, chlorine gas, air at high volume and low pressure organic vapors, ammonia gas, carbon through a large diameter hose through monoxide, or combination of the above. which the wearer can draw air in case (lii) In low concentrations (less, than the blower fails. 0.1 percent by volume), a chemical car (ill) If there is known to be more than tridge respirator equipped with the type 16 percent oxygen and less than 2 per of cartridge approved for use against the cent gas by volume, a gas mask equipped particular gases or groups of gases listed with a canister approved for the par in subdivision (11) of this subparagraph. ticular type gas involved. (d) Protection against particulate N o t e : A g a s m a s J t o f f e r s a b s o l u t e l y n o p r o contaminants not immediately danger t e c t i o n I n a n a t m o s p h e r e d e f i c i e n t I n o x y g e n . ous to life. (1) When employees are exposed to unsafe concentrations of par (3) Work In atmospheres immediately ticulate contaminants, such as dusts and dangerous to life shall be performed only fumes, mists and fogs or combinations of in an, emergency, as when rescuing a solids and liquids, they shall be pro man who has been overcome or when tected by either air line or filter respi shutting off a source of contamination rators, except as otherwise provided to that cannot otherwise be controlled. the regulations of this part. When an employee enters such an (2) Filter respirators shall be equip atmosphere he shall be provided with ped with the proper type of filter. Dif and use an adequate, attended life line. ferent filters are approved for specific (4) In the vicinity of each vessel in protection against groups of contami which there is a danger of employees nants, as follows: being exposed to an atmosphere imme (i) Pneumoconiosis-producing dust diately dangerous to life the employer and nuisance dust filters which provide shall- have on hand and ready for use respiratory protection against pneu respiratory protective equipment ap proved for such use, When such equip moconiosis-producing dusts, such as ment is required, one or more persons aluminum, cellulose, cement, charcoal, shall be thoroughly trained In the use coal, coke, flour, gypsum, iron ore, lime of the equipment. stone and wood. (c) Protection against gaseous con (ii) Toxic dust filters which provide taminants not immediately dangerous respiratory protection against toxic dusts to life. (1) Gaseous contaminants not that are not significantly more toxic immediately dangerous to life are gases than lead, such as arsenic, cadmium, present in concentrations that could be breathed for a short period without en dangering the life of a person breathing them, but which might produce discom chromium, lead, manganese, selenium, vanadium, and their compounds. (iii) Mist filters which provide respira tory protection against pneumoconiosfs- AO Title 29-- Chapter XIII producing mists, chromic acid mists, and disinfected before they are Issued nuisance mists. Uv) Fume fil ters which provide respi ratory protection against fumes (solid employer to another employee. (d) The employer shall a: through means, such as vendors o dispersoids or particulate matter formed by the condensation of vapors, such as those from heated metals and other sub stores, or otherwise, to make safety readily available to all employees shall encourage their use. Meti stances) . caps from which the covering has (v) Filters which provide respiratory worn shall be Insulated when emp protection against combinations of two are working on exposed energlzei or more of the contaminants described cults of the vessel's electrical system In subdivisions <1) through (lv) of this (e) Employees shall not be perr subparagraph. to wear excessively greasy clothing (e) Protection against combinations performing hot work operations. of gaseous and particulate contaminants (f) Employees shall be protect not immediately dangerous to life, (1) When employees are exposed to com binations of gaseous and particulate con taminants not immediately dangerous to suitable gloves when engaged In o tions hazardous to their hands. 129 F.R. 4028, Mar. 27, 1964; 29 FIR. May 8, 1904, a s a m e n d e d a t 32 FJR. : life, as in. spray painting, they shall be Oct. 10, 1967] protected by respiratory protective equipment approved for use in the type and concentration of the contaminants, as follows: (i) In high or unknown concentra tions. a hose mask or an air line respira tor. The use of either a hose mask, or 1502.84 Life saving equipm ent. (a) Buoyant work vests. (1) Buo work vests shall not meet the reqr ments of these regulations unless proved by the U.S. Coast Guard. (2) Prior to each use, buoyant c an air line respirator is permissible In vests shall be Inspected for dry lower concentrations. (ii) In concentrations of gaseous con taminants of less than 2 percent by volume, a canister type gas mask with a combination canister approved for the particular type of gaseous contaminant as specified In paragraph (c) (2) of this section and a filter for the particular type of particulate contaminant as specified In paragraph (d) Cl) of this section. (ill) In low concentrations of gaseous contaminants (less than 0.1 percent by volume) a respirator equipped with the type of cartridge and filter as specified In subdivision (ii) of this subparagraph. 1502.83 H ead, foot and body protec tion. chemical damage, or other defects wl may affect their strength and buoyai Defective buoyant work vests shall be used. (b) Safety belts and lifelines. Safety belts shall be equipped with 1 lines which in use are secured witl minimum of slack to a fixed structure (2) Prior to each use, belts and li lines shall be inspected for dry i chemical damage, or other defects wh may ' affect their strength. Defect belts and lifelines shall not be used (3) When employees are working any location requiring a safety belt a a lifeline, care shall be exercised to sure that the lifeline Is not cut, pinch (a) When employees are working In or led over a sharp edge. In hot w< areas where there Is danger of falling operations or those involving the use objects they shall be protected by pro acids, solvents, or caustics, the line sh tective hats. be kept clear to avoid Its being burr (b) Protective hats shall meet the or .weakened. In order to keep the 11 specifications contained in the United line continuously attached with a mi States of America Standard Safety Code mum of slack to a fixed structure 1 for Head, Eye, and Respiratory Pro attachment point of the lifeline shall tection, Z2.1. Hats without dielectric appropriately changed as the work p strength shall not be used where there gresses. Is the possibility of contact with electric1 (c) Life rings and ladders. (1) conductors, least three 30-lnch Coast Guard appro' (c) Protective hats which have been life rings with lines ettached shall previously worn shall be cleaned and kept in easily visible and readily acce: ' Title 29*--Chapter XIII ble places aboard each vessel afloat on determined that the work Is completed which wort Is being performed. Life and all employees are out of the boilers. rings shall be located, one forward, one aft, and one on the gangway, except on vessels under 200 feet In length, In which [29 F.R. 4028, Mar. 27. 1984; 29 F.R. 8089, May 8, 1904. as am ended at 32 F.R . 14051, Oct. 10, 1907] case one at the gangway will be sufficient, (2) At least one life ring with a line attached shall be located on each staging float alongside a vessel on which work Is being performed. (3) At least 90 feet of line shall be attached to each life ring. Life rings and lines shall be maintained in good condition. (4) In the vicinity of each vessel afloat on which work Is being performed there shall be at least one portable or perma nent ladder of sufficient length to assist employees to reach safety in the event that they fall into the water. [29 -F.R. 4028, Mar. 27, 1964,' 29 F.R. 6069, May 8, 1904, a s am ended a t 32 F.R. 14050, Oct. 10, 1887] Subpart J-- Ship's Machinery and Piping Systems 1502.92 S h ip 's p ip in g system s. is.) Before work is performed on a valve, fitting, or section of piping In a piping system where employees may be subject to Injury from the direct escape of steam, or water, oil, or other medium at a high temperature, the employer shall Insure that the following steps are taken: (1) The isolation and shutoff valves connecting the dead system with the live system or systems shall be secured, blanked, and tagged Indicating that em ployees are working on the system. This tag shall not be removed nor the valves unblanked until it Is determined that this may be done without creating a hazard to the employees working on the system, or until the work on the system Is completed. Where valves are welded 1502.91 S hip's te lle rs . instead of bolted at least two isolation and shutoff valves connecting the dead (a) Before work Is performed In the system with the live system or systems fire, steam, or water spaces of a boiler shall be secured, locked, and tagged. where employees may be subject to In (2) Drain connections to atmosphere jury from the direct escape of a high on all of the dead Interconnecting systems temperature medium, such as steam, or shall be opened for visual observation water, oil, or other medium at a high of drainage. temperature entering from an intercon (32 F.R, 14031, May 10, 1967] necting system, the employer shall insure that the following steps are taken: 1502.93 ' Ship's p ro p u lsio n m achinery. (1) The isolation and shutoff valves connecting the dead boiler with the live system or systems shall be secured, blanked, and tagged Indicating that em ployees are working in the boiler. This tag shall not be removed nor the valves unbianked until it Is determined that this may be done without creating a haz ard to the employees working in the boiler, or until the work in the boiler Is completed. Where valves are welded In stead of bolted at least tw isolation and shutoff valves connecting the dead boiler with the live system or systems shall bet secured,locked, and tagged. (2) Drain connections to atmosphere on all of the dead interconnecting sys tems shall be opened for visual observa tion of drainage. (3) A warning sign calling attention to the fact that employees are working in the boilers shall be hung In a conspic uous location in the engine room. This sign shall not be removed until it is Ca> Before work Is performed on the main engine, reduction gear, or 'con necting accessories, the employer shall ensure that the following steps are taken: (1) The jacking gear shall be en gaged to prevent the main engine from turning over. A sign shall be posted at the throttle indicating that the Jacking gear is engaged. This sign shall not be removed until the jacking gear can be safely disengaged. (2) If the jacking gear Is steam drlv- .en, the stop valves to the jacking gear shall be secured, locked, and tagged indicating that employees are working on the main engine. (3) If the jacking gear Is electrically driven, the circuit controlling the jack ing gear shall be deenergized by tripping the circuit breaker, opening the switch or removing the fuse, whichever Is ap propriate. The breaker, switch, or fuse location shall be tagged indicating that Title 29-- Chapter XIII employees are working on the main engine. (b) Before the jacking engine Is op erated. the following precautions shall be taken: (1) A check shall be made to ensure that all employees, equipment, and tools (b) Portable, unflred pressure vea not built to the code requirement paragraph (a) of this section, and 1 prior to the effective date of this reg tlon, shall be examined quarterly t competent person. They shall be t jected yearly to a hydrostatic pres: are clear of the engine, reduction gear, test of one and one-half times the w< and Its connecting accessories. Ing pressure of the vessels. (2) A check shall be made to ensure that all employees, equipment and tools are free of the propeller. (c) Before work Is started on or in the Immediate vicinity of the propeller, a warning sign calling attention to the fact (c) The relief valves on the portt unflred pressure vessels in paragrt (a) and (b) of this section shall be to the sale working pressure of the ' sels, or set to the lowest safe worl pressure of the systems, whichevei that employees are working in that area lower. shall be hung In a conspicuous location (d) A record of such examinations i in the engine room. This sign shall not be removed until it is determined that the work is completed and all employees tests made In compliance with the quirements of paragraphs (a) and of this section shall be maintained. are free of the propeller. (d) Before the main engine Is turned over (e.g., when warming up before de parture or testing after an overhaul) a check shall be made to ensure that all employees, equipment, and tools are free of the propeller. 1502.94 Ship's deck m achinery. (a) Before work is performed on the anchor windlass or any of its attached accessories, the employer shall ensure that the following steps are taken: (1) The devil claws shall be made fast to the anchor chains. C2) The riding pawls.shall be in the engaged position. (3) In the absence of devil claws and riding pawls, the anchor chains shall be secured to a suitable fixed structure of the vessel. 1502.102 Drum s an d containers. (&) Shipping drums and contain shall not be pressurized to remove tt contents. (b) A temporarily assembled pr surized piping system conveying haza: ous liquids or gases shall be provic with a relief valve and by-pass to p vent rupture of the system and the escs of such hazardous liquids or gases. (c) Pressure vessels, drums and cc talners containing toxic or flammal liquids or gases shall not be stored used where they are subject to op flame, hot metal, or other sources of ar flcial heat. (d) Unless pressure vessels, drums a containers of 30-gallon capacity or o\ containing flammable or toxic liquids gases are placed In am out-of-the-w Subpart K-- Portable, Unflred Pressure area where they will n ot be subject Vessels, Drums, and Containers, physical injury from an outside sour Other Than Ship's Equipment barriers or guards shall be erected to pi tect them from such physical Injury. 1502.101 Portable air receivers and (e) Containers of 55 gallon^ or me other unfired pressure vessels, capacity containing flammable or to: (a) Portable, unflred pressure vessels, liquid shall be surrounded by dikes built after the effective date of this regu pans which enclose a volume equal to, lation, 6hall be marked and reported least 25 percent of the total volume indicating that they have been designed the containers. and constructed to meet the standards Cf) Fire extinguishers adequate of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Rules for Construc number and suitable for the hazard sh: be provided. These extinguishers sh; be located in the immediate area whe tion of Unflred Pressure Vessels, 1963. pressure vessels, drums, and contain! They shall be subjected to a hydrostatic containing flammable liquids or gases a pressure test of one and one-half times stored or In use. Such extinguish! the working pressure of the vessels. shall be Teady for use at all times. Title 29-- Chapter X Subpart L-- Electrical Machinery 1502.111 Electrical circuits and dis tribution boards. (a) Before an employee is permitted to work on an electrical circuit, except when the circuit must remain energized for testing and adjusting, the circuit shall be deenergized and checked at the point at which the work is to be done to insure that it is actually deenergized. When testing or adjusting an energized circuit, a rubber mat, duck board, or other suit able insulation shall be used underfoot where an insulated deck does not exist. (b) Deenergizing the circuit shall be accomplished by opening the circuit breaker, opening the switch, or remov ing the fuse, whichever method is ap propriate. The circuit breaker, switch, or fuse location shall be tagged to in dicate that an employee is working on the circuit. Such tags shall not be re moved nor the circuit energized until It is definitely determined that the work on the circuit has been completed. (c) When work is performed Immedi ately adjacent to an open-front energized board or in back of an energized board, the board shall be covered or some other equally safe means shall be used to pre vent contact with any of the energized parts. vr