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V. t' V SILICOSIS A '\roblem of Public Telfara in St. Francois County, L'iasouri. by Stinson, Taloolm Feathley, Clarence Sisson, Tirgil Angust6, 1934 Outline I. Introduction. II Historical Sketch III. Pathology of Silicosis IT. Solutions to the problem V. Conclusion SILICOSIS A Problem of Publia Welfare in St. Francois County, Missouri. The recognition of silicosis as, a community problem is the major reason for TMiring this study* Silicosis lawsuits in St* Francois County not only involve several millions of dollars but also the welfare of several hundred families and their health and economio well being* Interest was aroused relative to the problem, when, as social workers we began work with the families in the Lead Belt District. "A strongly humanitarian turn, probably stimulated by tbe more than $50,000,000*00 In silicosis claims outstanding in this country has recently caused mining engineers to study human problems of mining el6ng with those more traditional to the profession of wresting valuable minerals from the earth." Recently the American Institute of Wining and Metallurgical Engineers in Neu Tork devoted two sessions to silicosis. Benjamin F. Tills on. Consulting Engineer of Uontelair Hew Jersey made the P S>ScL' statement that silicosis claims in gold mining alone costa $1*00 for every $5.00 cost of gold production* The rapid increase in silicosis suits is giving serious concern kf to the construction, quarry, mining, foundary, and glass industries* v At the completion of a three mile tunnel in Meet Virginia, recently, v 200 damage suits aggregating $4 million have been made against tbe $ contractors* Suits totaling over $30 million have been brought up I* In the State of New Tork in the last year o>. so. Damages litigation ^5 now pending probably totals more than $20 million, an $100,000.00 claims are being entered Instead of sms Her amounts as in the earlier days* The employers are bewildered end do not know what to do* The disease has been recognized twenty years but there la no known cure at the present date. This epidemic of law stilts is Induced in part by the growing realization among the workers of the silicosis menace, and in pert by the legal racketeers who have been stirring up trade on a contingent fee basis by getting the workmen to lodge complaints against their employers. The first trial in the Meat Virginia suits ended in a hung jury after six weeks, one man sued who had worked two days. One -- was a water boy who hever worked in tbe tunnel. It has been estlma .ed --- (though probably not authoritatively) that 90% of all men laid off by tbe National Lead Company and the St/ Joseph Lead Company have ^ law suits against the two Companies. It has also been estimated that $5,500,000*00 are Involved in the silicosis law suits in St* Francois county. 1 64541 f I t % ! 2 I An occupational disease la defined as the morbid results of Joccupational activity traceable to specific causes of labor conditio land followed by more or less incapacity for work. de term I "pneumoconiosis" meaning dusted lung is employee to designate diseas V of the lungs resulting from dust Inhalation of any sort, although I preference is now given to the use of a more definite term descripti [ of the type of dust. Among thes mor frequently used are "sillcosi I "aabestosis", "anthracosis", and "siderosio*,. signifying lungs indue [ by the inhalation of dust disease because it distinctly predisposes [ tuberculosis, oftfen being called "miner's consumption," ' According to Fancoast end Pendergrass the Pathological aspects of silicosis areas follows. The dust, in order to be harmful to the lungs, must gain entrance to the lymphatla system of the lungs. It must be taken into the lymph channels and spaoes by the phagoaytlc cells. In order for thi to take place the particles must be less than 10 microns (2500) to an inch in size. Larger particles ere lodged In the bronchial tubes end coughed up. Recent investigations show that approximately only 50*of the particles even under 10 microns In size are retained in the lungs. The dust oells lodge In the outposts of the lymphoid deposits. This initiates the Change In chemical composition of the silica partlcless into a hydrated colloid, which la now believed to be the destructlce agent to the cells, although many authorities still contend that It Is the abraaive effect of the particles which causes the damage. These dust laden cells die and dlsvharge their destructive contents to other oells, until eventually the pulmonary lymph nodes are reached. Whenever silica Is deposited a cellular reaction occurs with an Infiltration and a proliferation and eventua local necrosis, followed by healing with fibrus tissue. The pulmona lymph nodes become a lymph block In the pervascular and peribronchic lymph vessels oaused by a thickening of the lymphatic walls. The diagnosis of the occupational disease, silicosis, is based on a history of the patient, bis physical condition, and a progreasi series of X-ray photographs of his lungs, da history Includes the length of time spent In a dusty industry* the type and concentration of dust to which ha was exposed. Including the approximate percentag of free silica in the dust. It also Includes the record of the development of a dry eoughm and a history of occasional pains In the ohest which la inoident to the development of pleurisy in relation to silicosis. The strange thing about the occupational disease of silicosis is the fact that a patient may be in thelater stages of the disease befor there is any notlaablc change in his general appearance. He will usually look well nourished, h::ve a ruddy complexion, and perba even gain weight with the onset of silicosis, and to the oasnal observer there seems to be no impairment in hia physical ability. * Yery earl7 In the disease a limitation is developed in the expansion of the chest. *nri_a expansion decreases as the condition , inoreases. In the later stages the chest walls are apparently fixed and the patient moves only the abdomen and perhaps the lower part of the ribs In breathing# Dysphoea or "short-windedness" has long been considered the cardi nal symptom of silicosis. In the early stages the fibrosis progresse gradually until it completely fills the alTeoli, and by the continuous displacement of normal.functioning tisane produces e progressive dyspnoea. This "short-windedness" may also tend to Increase the amount of dust taken into- the body. A man working, underground on a contract basis, will become winded bnt in order to do the contracted anoint of work will continue by mouth breathing. This eliminates a portion of the respiratory system especially provided by nature for proteotlonagalnst dust particles. Thus throug one phase of the condition ha is aggravating the condition lngereral. Pains in the chest are also a common complaint among aptI ants suffering from silicosis. These arc usually of a transitory nature and may be attributed by the worker to rhoematlsa, lumbago, or some other remote cause. Then thus pains are severe enough to cause loss of time from work It la usually a sign of Incipient tuberculosis Gastrointestinal disturbances are another common symptom of silicosis, especially In the later stages. Anont these are flatulency, constipation, pain after eating, vomiting, and others usually refered to by the man aa Indigestion, Many complain of loss of appltltc and this condition increases as the klsease progresses. None of these symptoms is a constant finding In silicosis; but in moat instances one or more of them will be found, especially in the later stages of the condition. The most significant single means used In the detection and diagnosis of silicosis is the X-ray. That this method la not infalable is pointed put by Pancoast and Fendegrana In their article on the "Bootgenollglcal Aspects of Pneumoconiosis and its LledicoLegal Importance." They report that the appearance of prominent hllum shadows and increased prominence of trunk shadows and linear markings, with or without faint haze la usually considered first stage silioosis. This appearance may be banned also by acute bronchitis, chronic bronchial oatarrah, the Infiltering type of mali gnancy, and polycythemia. All of these must ve eliminated before the patient can accurately be said to have silicosis. According to these prominent physicians this sort of X-ray is the bails of most claims for damages, but it does not represent an Incapacitating degree of condition in any way* The appearance of buds or beads along the bronchial tree in the x-ray picture marks what is commonly considered the second stage of silicosis. The condition la gererally described as general mottling and the density of both sides of the chest la about the same la the third stage these beads tand to coalesce and form aresB f narked density from one-fourth inoh to several Inches in diameter, u63e areas of density occur most frequently in the aid-section of the lung end are often referred to aa "snow-storm". These areas aoma*hat resemble a tuberculosis area but are usually distinguishable be cause they are more dense than in tuberculosis. The statement was made by one doctor that twenty to thirty per cent of the cases of silicosis throughout the world ware complicated with tuberculosis. This complication may tales place at any stage in he silicotic condition. The X-ray shows the changes described under he various stages of silicosis but in addition areas of marked denity are observed* usually less dense them when tuberculosis is not resent. The areas also have a more "cottony" or "wooly" appearance, .he areas at the base of the lungs will often have the eppearane of walled-off abscess of largg silicotic area* but in many Instancea a true diagnosis is very difficult unless tuberculosis baoili are found in the sputum. The change in the appearance of the individual is marked and may be dramatlo in its suddenness* As a rule these Oases proceed to a fairly rapid termination in a year or two. The prognosis In silicosis In Its early stage is good grpvlded the patient is removed from the dusty atmosphere* but In the later 'stages the prospeots for reoovery are not favorable. Even when re(moved from the dust exposure the disease often tents to progress and to be complicated with Infections* chief of which Is tuberculosis. The treatment reoommeded by Meriwether and Sayers is mainly preventive* and lies entirely in protection or the workers from undue quantities of dust. The only curative treatment Is removal from the dusty occupation in the early stage* but in later silicosis symptom atic treatment for relief of the patient is all that can be expected. According to D. Harrington* Mining Engineer* TJ. S. Bureau of mines* dust prevention in metal mines may be aided by the following: 1. KI ml nation of dry drills end dry drilling. 2. Ell nil nation as much as possible of drilling of upper holes when necessary to use dry drills* 3. Ho blasting should be done during the working shift. 4. Much piles* ore chutes* etc. s ould be done down where the muck Is dry and finely divided. 5. Use of water sprays to moisten air in places where there is much handling or stirring of dry dusty matlerlal* this being especially the case in downcast shafts or other# main intake air courses. The use of respirators for protection against dust disease is problematic in several ways although popularly advocated. It is very difficult to devise a respirator which one be worn comfortably and vdllat the same time provide protection against the smaller and most dangerous dust particles. The positive pressure mask may be used with a fair degree of success but is not practical where the worker must have freedom of movement. It Is an expensice apparatus and cannot be provided for large numbers of men. if 5 * 'S The best type of nodern respirators If properly worn w 11 -c ove 85 to 90^ of the rtus t particles under 10 microns la site. one plant where this type is used ecoh worker la prorlded with i ;v.o masks. 0ns s the laboratory for cleaning find inspection -nils th- other Is being worn* One non Is employed for the express .urpose of taking ears of the respirators end seeinj that they r _re prorerly worn by the employees. These respirators are of the filter type, haring a woolen or felt filter throngh whioh the air into the lungs of the individual must pass. However it is very difficult to make themen sar even this type of mask and requires a constant rigilence on the part of the supervisor!. 'leanliness about the plant la one of thebest protections 'ihsinfWa3Jnate*ii8tiT!lmi Samiiinilhai1JaJ,*>0p88S!Sri0{S4 [tiesigned so that it will not harbor dust and an we easily cleaned. Inspections by responslblepersons should be a regular part of the [tlllroutins. Ho discussion of an industrial disease is couplets without a [consideration of the aethoda of compensation for death or disability | throughout the world where dust diaeoas la a problem. The Sandstone Indue try (Slllcoala) Saheae of February 1929 in England pror.des for a register, supplied by cither the employer or th- fedical Hoard, on which shall be reeo ded the date oi' commencement to work for t* a employer , his previous eraployement in the sandstone or other dusty industry, and the date of physioal examination by the radical Officer making the examination EiMS**J8fi8nifafl5 s** - workman employed in the industry on or after aprill, 1929, or in ase of has death, his dependants, will b entitled to compena-tion, Xv the death or disability is caused by silicosis. The disease nu.t '.e due to employment in the industry and will be considered eo if the worker hae ;.en earl eyed In a dusty trade for aperoid, or combined periods, of fiva ye-trs.-n^- unless the employer proves to tl..- contrary. The Scheme provideo for periodic physioal exa-.ination ~de at the works, and if a workman refuses to submit himself for excoination he forfeits the right to ooapenaatlo... On February 11, 1920, the Luvor Minister of Germany issued Q -rder making compensable d *i-lung diseases contracted in lrtaln industries* This shows a recognition of the problem by tz Oerman Government because the order of Hay 25, 1925 did not elude lllneas caused by dust. The stonemasons Act of 1911 and 1921 in Netherlands requires Vrry ato emasso:. under21 years of age to have a stonemasons card, hlch is issued to him after a free physical examination provided examination shows nothing which would make this trad* especially ``Serous to him. Stonemasons over 21 years of age are Issued cards 6 regardle. s of what the examination shows. At the end of a three year peroid the stonemasons must be re-examined and a new card issued. The examination also includes X-ray pictures of the lungs. This provides an excellent opportunity for the study of silicosis in 1 ts various stages od development*" The conclusion ia that silicosis ns an occupational disease should be assumed to be an accident for the purposes of application of the accident act. In South Africa the administration of the Miner's I-hthisia lav is vested in the Ciinerls Phthisis Board. In 1930 it was estimated that the total cost to the Companies for compensation . in miner's phthisis was the equivalent of 6 shillings and 10 pence per shift for each white employeee wording underground. In fact the cost was so great that it threatened the life of the gold mining industry in South Africa. The annual levy on each mine in the Group payed to the Miner's Phthisis Board ia $800*000 and in 19T9 two mines were forced to shut down because they oould not pay their compensation* There is evidence of the growth of an idea Among the miners in South Africa that a gold mine is a bottomless purse and that after working In the industry for a few years they should be provided with a pension whether side or sound, and retired to enjoy life. Bolivia passed aletr in April* 1928 dealing with problems of occupational diseases. Pneumoconiosis, anthracosis, leadn poisoning* ocoupatloal dermatosis* tobacco poisoning* abthrox* pulmonary sclerosis* nephritis* and pulmonary tuberculosis are the diseases which come under the law. Workers who are incapacitated as the result of one of these specific diseases shall be compensated as followsx For total permanent disability an amount equal to two years rrages; for permanent partial disability*, one years wages; and for temporary disability, half pay during the time ofdisability in addition to the cost of treatment. Compensation is to he paid ia the following instances: 1. Then the disease is contracted by the worker in t e exercise of his occupation or trade (a worker must have a physical examination before being employed in a factory, workshop* or mine.} 2. When the disease Is due to the type of work done by the patle.'.t during the year proceeding the disability. 4. Then the worker has not suffered from the illness oef-re taking up said work. Workers on drills launder ground workings or in ore mills or kilns* that is t ose principally exposed to pauemoconlosis will be entitled to thirty days annual holliday with full pay at the end of each consecutive year of work. workers not satisfied with their examination before and after employeoient may claim compensation from the management on presentation of another medical certificate issued by a recognized physician. 7 -ffie United States, with the exception of n few statea, la the 0'-il7 Tnglislv-spe- king country to--day w ere allloosls la not conpensatec cbco of pernenent disability ore appearing in our cole on-law courts, particularly in those atatea where no compensation ie provided, A nan faoturcr nay not recogni.no that he hne a dust hazard until he la a-aasoned into court, and finda much to his sorrow that Lis industry wea one of the oast dangerous* These cu3<-s, when handled by otic lawyers and whore the enplo. er la not able to prove beyond the shedowrn of a doubt that all precautions s.Tfl taken, are very difficult to defeat* In `iasourl, the employer nay elect to pay compensation for pncuaoco losi3 under the t'ortoan'a Compensation Laws or he ray jtand a damage suit in the counon-law courts* Hie situation in the Lead ^elt of South east Missouri la an example of the latter* Sice the curtailment of operations in the nines of the . t* Joseph Lead Company in 1930 there have be n 137 cases filed in the Circuit court of St* Francois County against the iietropoll tan Life Insurance Company* These were ca Insurance Policies carried 4,000*00* The lawyer handling oast of these cases was r* irookshlre, of Famington, wno has had 85 canes* j/he-years 1033 :nd 1934 see a doorcase in this type of suit an.! an incease in suits against the st* Joseph and Hatlool Lead companies for damages resulting from work in their minea, 15,000.00 is a vury modest claim in one of these suits, raost of them ranging froa $13,000 to $50,000*00* There la also e change In the lawyers handling t e oases* While the preponderance of coses e ainut the ifetropoll tan were handled fey* local aen, too -roatar number of th damage suits arc in the hands of St* Louis Firms of Lawyers* Pro: Tinent among the*a are the Fori a tel, tudd, "lnlro, k Habenicht firm, with R* S* Roberts as a looel associate; .-.ulvertaon, whs Is associated withChapoan in some cases. Others having coses are C* 0* Inman; Strubinger at Strubinger k '"raiSi.TM \ "array h Edwords; Gerritmen 4 Gerritzen; ilart B* Fa>;laton; Blase; Herbert; Liah h, Co nor; end Hay & Flannigan* The petition of one enso which may a taken as an example charged almost everything w ich can happen to the 1 n-;o of a human being* The diseases or conditions charged were: Silicosis, .-mauirsoconloaia. Tuberculosis, Bronchitis, Ferihrouchi tin, and 'Tonchicotosla* The suit was filed against the St* Joseph Lead, The Coe Run Lee, toe Federal Lead, end the Bonne Terre Farm and '`attic Conpenies* The Charges were: failure to provide hoods, wQ^er pipes for drills, proper wor :ing clothes, medical examination, proper changing rooms, ventllntionn, air holes underground, notices of toe dnag r of the industry, sprinkling of dusty material and men to olean the doors once per day* This case was filed In toe Ciroui Court of 3t* Francois County an January 10,1934, and transferred to the redera& Court, St*Louis District, on 1 una 11, 1934. To date there has been no daclslacon on too caso in the Federal Court* The representatives of the plaintiff are 8 :;i urghaus; for the dependent are Watt. ,1 Gentry, rerunurst lie-' si, nirby urrick, 1 Shepley. uhcss caaes are all handle i on a contin_-er.c7 fee basis, ranging ::: 331/3 ;ito 50f; of the ano urt of the damages received. The intifr laryers claim that the high fee is necesssr" because ry rust provide medical car e for their clients durir.. the tine i trial is pending. bo far re have found no instances rhere the .ant is rccei'.'ing medical's id, payed for by his laryer, cut re rz found at least one insta r.ce rhere such, a thing should be done, this case both ths plair.ti ff doctors and the company doctors report sthoio ;ical condition rhic h should have con.-tent nedical care ; neither rill do anythin about it until the case cone up trial, ir. th-amssntir.e it ' : t e client and ultir.au tely the nunit" rhich suffers. .he mead Companies elie ve that they have ron a victory in e decioio decision that a dmissitn of candidates t : the sar in the State f nissouri and disqualify ins then for cal-practice, is a function the iuprene Court of ills souri rather than the legislative body, ey believe thet tid rill enable then to have a number of the 'it: intiff laryers disbarred for unethical condict in re :srd to e silicosis suits. There is no doubt that at least 75of ese cas-s in t. e Lead Gel t have been run up or chased, rether th an allowing the clainent to cone to them seeding advice, sether or not ambulence chasing" is a charge of enough sravif to s' ir a man is a question which the Supreme Court rill have to cide. It is also a desst a le question es to rhether or not a oiesale attach on busines s is an ethical proc dure. until tueie ct -------- -- -- ---- --w -- --uj -- -- a---- -- -- have drag.ted through th. proc edure of rt decision. yaturaily they do not feel that they can do Ln ;a for a community rhere tneir very ;Xistence is threaten-:.rl ,y : damage suits. They state that there nay be some silicosis in 3 district but iis very difficult to detect the just and th.e 'ust cases. Even if they feel a case is just they cannot make out oi* court settlement because this would only add amonition to i vuns of th* lurye.s on other suits pending. rorksrs them elves rill be t e ultimate losers in this drama. If t ey lose t..eir suits the. rill receive nothin':, :a cos ides, rill never able to yet a job with another big - ..era tion. Eiu business ril_ certainly sti.l; to et er on such ' h.le ss 1 r. attack a. this one. If they rin their ruits the lerye: 11 re tair. alar-e portion of th. damages, end the money ron by .. cl a i.ucnta rill fil er thro'.urn their hands in much to same that the big 'eyes they received in the past have dene, t one instance can be cited rhere the rorker is planning a treated y his lawyer*s aoctor rher. his suit is ron. Te '.'est assured th.at the fees for this treatment rill not he :-ll. As long as the cases are in t..3 courts re cannot e:::ect in the ray of business recover r ranore' activity un the 9 i , part of the mines In the Lead. Belt* It also seems possible that should a large number of oases be lost by the Companies it would be impossible for them to remain in business at all. In this case the one cource of income for the Flat Hirer District will be entirely eliminated, so we aee that the workers are not looking far into the future when they allow themselTes to ve 1 involved in such a matter* Perhaps some of the dasea have merit but suoh an attack which may result in breaking the companies la a poor way to bring about better working conditions and better medical care for. corkers In the Lead Belt Dlstriot* Hite: The following data lnolndes a list of cases filed in the Circuit Court of St* Franooia County, the Clrouit Court of st* Louis, and the Federal Court, St* Louis Dlstrlot, against the St* Joseph end Netloal Lead Companies, end the metropolitan Life Insurance Cases in the St* Francola County circuit Court* There are duplications showing how these cases have been filed, re-filed, and transferred from one court to another. This Is one phase of the time constiming elements of damage suits in the oourts* hie metropolitan life cc..:?. Brooktls r.ire ft - T? ft Roger's Zroolcskire Roberts Zroon::s;:ire ft * n tt Ko' erts Brookshire Robetirts Broonkshire i t TT Robeflrts Brooks .ire Hay 2. Flannigan 5: Cullendine tt Jrookskire Davos i Damron Roberts 3rookshire Tt f * ft Tt tt ft J. D. Dalton 1/11/30 John P. Benoist 1/11/30 Don D. IlcClanahan 4/ 1/30 Lee Porter 10/7/30 Hoah Kay 10/7/30 Charles Tinsley 10/7/30 JohnT. Hurray John Eell 4/1/31 i/Z/Sl Mrs. TTadlou 0/30/31 Janes Fingers 10/7/31 Elza Eurgess 10/7/31 Joe Briley 10/7/31 Janes Ilelson 10/7/31 John Thornton 1C/7/31 Eesr.er Young 10/7/31 Gentry rreeman 2/4/31 Pleasant Keith 4/2/31 John T. Hurray 4/10/31 Gentry Freenan 6/18/31 Harman C. ChristianlC/7/31 Wilfred Roderick 10/7/31 Otis Welker 10/7/31 W. T. Doughty 10/7/31 William Willis 10/7/31 George Bichardson 1/7/32 Minnie B. Wadlow 1/7/32 Ilorman E. Colenan 1/8/32 Dorsey Barnhouse 1/8/32 William Chittenden 1/8/32 Victor Krasky 3/7/32 Tine McClain 3/7/32 William P. Spradling 3/7/32 Elisha Wallen 4/8/32 Clarence Henson lo/U/sa Sterling La Chance 10/13/32 Sidney H. Strickland 10/14/32 W. S. Scnden 10/H/32 W.T. Jones 10/14/32 Frank Graf 10/27/32 J:hn C. Spray 10/27/32 Rex underwood 10/27/32 Fred Copher 10/27/32 Geo. A. Mckinney 10/27/22 John Sales 10/27/32 Charles R. Moss 10/27/32 2 Metropolitan Life ~olloy Cults Continued) wariiStatter Richard ihlte & 7h e lice Id L'ayford Borns "hapnan, 'avis Slohard Toung T5-mroh Burt rhite Prookshire Leon Voaaek 1/6/ A3 1/6/33 1/11/33 1/11/33 1/13/32 ft* V Otis ffelker H T. Farris Charles lienee T lra&n Faulkner Joe Sony Em. T J.'oughty Alfred C. Lillians Jease F Rhodes John ?m rard James alley Uavid Todd Kilburn Former Sugene Filllans 1/26/32 Alvin Orr Charles tfnfleet olarenoe R Tullooh Chaaaan Truaan Ticker Alfred Sapaw Archie C Riohardeon Hugh Highley Ste* H. Hiney Alfred H. Bone Roman a. Abney James C. Clants Clenwood Castile Itary Huskey 4/7/33 Gladys Tatea <4 Alma Tatea by Karria Tiller 4/11/33 James Taxon Haul C. Tarren 10/11/32 -roha.'.bo John Calth John Corooran Curtis Johnson Clarence Anderson 13/12/33 R. 5. Roberts " John CoCoy " Josc.-h Tucker B^rl3 Fomron -ris !'ckillnn Roberts Robert Irodley Brookshire "red "opher 10/11/33 10/16/33 1/10/34 3 Life ! nsur ccs "aits (Contd. ! Brookshire *alTia " Slso* * Front Rouyon ft ~llliaa 7ar-direr ft Roberts Bosh Ferrell ~terlicg La Ohanoe "roofcshire John Hudson Rugene r. rilliaaa C Lee "Tinker i'aul RoCarron Roberts Robert rraddy Proofs!" Ire m Odres Hodge s Julius Ue^oy * Herbert Saapbell ft Owen T* "urray M m Eugene ^llllaas F. arJl Outherlsnd tm John 7. Uharwood ft Phillip Jarrette ft Soria "illIsas * John ffeadow* m Rolln Farton t Healey Sweariagisi ?hrclfc',ld J.nea 1 Thoopaon ~ha:3in Tart Fyington ft Paul t.larren If Ton Hint on ft Slaranoe P h&derson ft harle* Rooper n Shsrles r. Barnee m John Haile * John "o"oy ft Jurtls Johnson ~aTiS < "-nrzii alez Sondrrtoh -is ?-cr an Tiirh ' Gregory ratheza Shannon ft It ft m Roberts RrooJc3hlre If ft ft If John liunless lewis `llnton U-rtiu -lexacder Seorge Brown -lea ;o .dr7toh Sharles F. Farnes Tohn naile ''red Stout r.onte 2. Soffnan George R. Taughn Clarence Talrert David 3* Underwood Geo. 7. Snith Lemuel 3. Pzrta 1/3/22 4/7/22 </V~ fOK/f* 12/12/22 10/14/32 10/14/22 ee lO/Z'/ZZ If It t * t ft , 1/3/21 1/11/23 t * * m tf If w t 4/l2/.2-cha. of cue 5/22/22 13/11/23 If * If *e 4/1G/34 4/12/34 m t it ft STTjzr. _cittct tee st. jostph lead czrv^rr itd stbstd sirs. Brookshire Baa Morris l/ll/30 Tnman 4 Ernest L. Arnold Horaafield (legal Guardian) 6/12/50 Cooney 4 James R. Shelton Hollaed (Infant) bj Kenneth Tanner 8/25/30 Bn If. Hunger 1*. Harty 2/4/31 Iron Kt. Roberts ?'<o 0. Jacks on 5/20/31--Deslo^e-- appeal for oocoans. "rookshire Cttis MoSride 10/7/31--Deelogs Dari s ^-lpha Hay Orlfford 12/11/31- appeal for oomp. Brookshire Geo. HoClary 5/19/32- Boa Run- Comp. Gus McMillan 9/26/32- " * 7h pman 4 Otis Rodgers 10/28/32-" St/ Joe-Doe Run-Fadei-al- Hulvcrts.a daaages --thews It Carl H. Pemberton 12/l7/30-Doe Run- Comp. Charles E. Hudson 10/19/31- * " * Brookshire Tenry Chittenden 12/18/31 " Sulvartson fai. Montgomery 8/19/33-31. Joe-Doe Sun- damagea Fenn 4 Pleasant G. Keith 11/7/33-3t/ Joe-Doe Sun- damages Burghouoe 91111am Ira Lincoln 12/9/33- Tederal-B. 7. F4C- dama ;ea St. Joep Doe Run John Buff 12/13/33- St. Joe-Doe R- Federal- LaHotte-damage Joe L. Deremo 2/10/34 St. J- D.R.-Fed.-Ref.T4C.-daa. Jacob C. Horls * " Tlctor Teay John 'Williams 3.3l/34-Bbe H.-appeal from J.P. Court Hulvertson Charles fortner 4/5/G4-~t.J.-D.R.-Fed.- Damages Geo. 9. Henderson LaKotte-* Marion Enlaw Cesloge Betty Jane Reed D. R. Martin Alexander Lee Dix ft Je f Tur-buugh f D'. H. Heiney m Stere Pashla m Wilburn Sarner- m Lc'is He eg m Henry Brown n Charles ^och n James foods m Erneat Tripp Lallotte i Henry Eishon l/l0/2l D. R..-- Ted/. n Sllllaa Turder w * Geo. 77. Henderson Laaotte * * Ernest Tripp ft Ben Laoh-nce "osec 7eta.iti-n D. R. Jane : food 7m. iFury Bror.n 2 - 1 * J . Xk l * i.* * J Suitertaon ft ft ft 1* *t m ft Fcun fIt. rurgh-uo *" is * m IV T ft ft t Hary noarc -t. Joe Tama a 1/10/ "ertrude Llx T. R. " ft i^rfien '*rye t y TlHian E G-mblin it m R. L. Hobert* * La*." It Joe La aha oe Fed ft Jeff Tombaugh " ft * ft Seas Toes * r w * Jcaae L. Boring " " B.r.77" Ben 2 le Oharlca a. Tele are" pw n t it m r-lC.wood Lar.gley Felix Campbell ** " ft m f ft n 2. L. Elllaan ft# m n Karlan '"bodes " ft it m *t ft ft ft ft Ben La. Chanoe Joe La Ohanae 2. 1. Roberts -rfien Tiye "m. S. Csablin ftft "Laft s. --- 4/3/04 n ^ At * ft * ft ft it ft t Fori8tel, ~ufi.fi. Elsire, Setenloht,Hoy Oiofcson "n Jk Roberta Trecry 3. Sngleaaa * 7tea Elders ft ft ft *t rr=. Tanfilrer ~Iley "tohison " ft 4/10/ -.-5 t It L-vld T. Underwood - Joo Sr.le7 w ** 4/ .1/~4 Scary Thl te den - ft ft ^rookshired Elulre, Eeber.1 aht. Soy Eiotaon " * IT Strubingerd Strubinger # milsa C. FIndie " Joe CartIn r&rbury John H. "dgar " ?hi-ll-a 4 rhllllps redrl:h, Omen, Teo. Regal " 4/12/04 3.R. m" 5/0jt4/24 " 33//229/24 Henry & Renners 0. C. "naan Ee-bert Logan " - 7/123/J4 the "atloal Lead A St. L. *R Brook-hire vl-ude Thriatinn ** Pinot ffardan 10/7/21 policy 1/8/3- P 10/1 o/32 Pnl rertaon Otis R. Rodgers 10/28/32 "aaa *ea 3roo*3hir" Ctia ScErlds 10/7/31 policy "liharrtaor. A Richer*son * 2obert3 t-ylor 5iith ndre Paris 2/4/31 Rtere Rose 1/7/33 -lrin Whltshread 1/1-/33 pv m m .Th_3acn Jwffieo Floors 3/30/_3 -otloa on Rottrta Virgil 0* Gregor "dsard lUliaan Tlurer.os Loiter 4/3/3 m 9/:7/;j r Olio] p w :e nr A ~or Porker */l >/3* -11113 - Ihuraon dtOn' ( rorictel, uss Sluirr, TT-benioht, ^Roberts Ren La Plant 4/10/34 - "alt^r ? ~ella Brookshire - noney R*d 4/8/33 i'-r'.ur. John *? -Ldrid 9/27/.-3 Oivll motion i In T4591- !0 T, "'unt* 9/37/33 Civil -itio in *4591- 750 C_S~S ITT TEE ST. LOUIS 7IRCUIT COURT DEFEUDSUTS ~T. JOE LEAD CO. 2o3521 198926 198926 195395 198302 195225 194857 1J4860 194916 194411 194412 192479 83 84 85 86 87 89 90 91 192136 37 23 19260 61 6263 192049 190435 36 37 38 19o277 78 75 80 81 82 83 84 85 150405 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 189956 188673 22 Geo. W. Uagel Joseph A. Williams Calvin S. Black Joi n Link Jam*, a Hulsey Jo8eph E. Lawson Aud Yount Henry Cloeman Herbert 'ampbell Joseph F. Portell Earl C. illbrlght Andrew J. Fulkerson Otia Ferrel William Doty Fred Copher Fred Dunoan Olale Lupky Geo A. HoKlney Willian 0* Wren Harvey Briley Coses Sebastian Steve Rashit Roy Hughes Cary D. Ho ore Gertrude Dlx Ernest Tripp Joe Lachanoe Tirgil Croaa Martin Alexander William Henry Brown W1 liam Montgomery Lena Does Fred TTlghley James Roods James Brook Edward Paul Leonard Henry Wilson William Burns William H. Gaablln Jess Turnbeaugh, William Cortee Lee Asher Ben Laohanoe Dan Whittier .urden Fry Geo. W. Henderson R. L. Roberts Hick Cason William Tripp Larkin Coore Chas. Furtner Lee Dix 19-:J55 56 57 58 lc-^e 27 23 30 3*T 1ft w 4. 192413 192244 192204 192175 76 77 7' 79 80 81 82 83 192140 41 42 192063 69 70 71 72 195138 39 9* 91 92 195225 26 27 195089 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 194507 194413 194200 tt rr; or. lottio circuit oo-r? r^T'L l oc. Renjanin pierce Joaeph Sayle.a Junes Ransoa Dolth Harahall Olen Citson Jodie Aowell Howard HoClanahan Frank Herr J-ae LToCoy ales Jilli&m "owe 13 ?llliaa f Shannon Curcon Pryor "oa<?r Shannon John 7. Aldhridga John Hotley Fran* aoe Flhert SoBrirta Chas. Vilaon Hart on Hlaharlln 3T. H. Kllnan Hikel Sales John Seal VlUl&a Bnhottoa 7111ian Eaquette Chus. a* Bayleaa altert Darbln 2. 3. Black R07 Hetcalfa Omcrr Hash Oscar Loi2a Gillian a, Henroid Lee Haves Henry 0. Call J-ae a 7. Bannister Oeorge O. Swearingt Jose h La.son roaauth"7an Sickle Falttr gnnnlnrham Hlliot C. Louis ?anl "taphens John !! Hotau^fc Joseph Sue11 r Juaper Thosuxa Thoaas B1 gn. -ldney Leigh Orville Albert Hick P&r&sxeznk Joe P.edfern 71U laa i. Bates .rchie A. Setser John H* Stotler 194:: 31 2-y a ;ai'. * arson 02 Oscar Henry 03 30335 7 lease lone* di^aader Thonrore 58 / Decker 5 h John Odder 303146 Barney <7. L_xton 47 'oloo-n 'Icyelaad Saith 43 "lisha Lawson -13716 40 -Ion t. 5atrace Joe Riohurdson 41 ~lltur Skargs AT. 7eo. Rice 43 Tinoent H. TTattlnger 44 Robert H. Eotley 45 f dw&rd Gemblln 230880 81 82 32 34 85 85 Tin-' r H. Ecnor Harrison Eartin Heeler Leonard Jackson Oscar Rorwlne -ood Ddward T. Conoak Hillard Halter Lawson Henry S. Hutch Ins 87 7- non Dalton 88 Lesley ^ordon 89 Claranos Bannister 90 Sdward L Bannister 91 Robert Shelley 92 Horry H. Rudy 92 John Thlldera 94 Henry 3* Gordon 231119 .ndre B. 5Liliana 231119 Joseph Slnse 200267 Seo. Rennie 1S903T John -i. EoHelly 198237 John 1. Link 03 Frances Hurt 04 Ociar Stewart 06 197G08 3: 197484 Llwia "lo'.olson Fran! ^aher )! H. Derbln Fried! Bowns 197246 Geo. Sante 195733 Le**l3 h. Head 34 25 36 37 33 10:329 30 195135 :6fti Lewis Tandiver 0h&8 Bharcs ^ert I>-braya re albert Thits Francis Sl.-.ston ITlchael Lacy 'll Lilian Donald J. Bash John Earray :>.lvln -'oHenry 19 P.073 74 lsoaie i: 7 > 4*> i cl 22 w%> 14 197014 15 19.9 5* u 43 190277 189956 133623 22 204617 138711 12 13 19P067 151037 192142 193063 64 193395 96 97 93 5.193939 40 41 1.5014 15 202542 IJW L 4 \ ^ .* * X -- *-- */J -fcctel E* bright Pita ''ort;loyd Fafcnestoat 'lllla.i Oiotson Edward B MllllajBS wlllard S. Stereo* illard Caitar "r-vooec 'Sunn Thoaaa Tana Pi-rrae L. Hutchina Janea 0. Eitol*;ell la anzo Fred 3. Hofcblia Fred "ighler L.rvia roore Chaa. rartaer Lee Dlx . -Lex Voaoh Edvard Tillman Claud Tiix Caraon Pryor Je a Lands Elizabeth ^urt K. 0. 2alllager John Boatwright Franses ^. Lindsey 3aa JajenaJty iTlocto3 Poolllyto H. B. Uantz " J. Bylngton T. X'. "a^lerse rhas. E. Kill R-3tne TTlchola .n George Tiefenauer Fred Slrolua Thomas igacw ~al 7 Burlbau s. ccpea"' iw the 'ST. LQT7I2 F'i^-p^-LC'.URT. ;,,93-- L*ch A Gor.nor-- L. Grorer rdgar- 3/4/33- T 7/3/33-deaure submitted )394- do )j95- do 3396- Garritzen ft Gerritzen 5397- do ;399- Hulvertson )400- ITorist-.l )466- Gerritzen f. Gerritzen iitfc r:nn 7ilae fry or alfred real l/~/34- de-.ure to submitted 3/4/33- T not at issue 3/4/33- T do James `I. Gardner 3/4/33- T not at issue Lina Legrand 3/4/33- T 3/4/34- not at issue 3/5/34-L'otion to strike submitted Geo, 0. oaylaas 3/4/33- T 3/4/34- Got at issue James G. I'.Ltohell 3/4/33-- T 3/4/34- not at issue Paul uavis 7/6/33- T 7/6/33- do 10397 9/ll/33-demure eto. submitted not at issue AprlaenxanKdeerrrW, Powell daoo )469 3470- " John Seel iiikel Sales 10471 Inman .0472- Strubinger 4 Strubinger 473- Inman ,474- " 10475 " 10476- Koristel 10477- Inman 10478- renn 1047^- Inman 10480- r.urruy 4 Edwards 13481- Gerritzen < Gerritzen P.arrin Eequdtte `"-len Gibson Charles Lee rohie East'r Kalph Bash Pierce Hutchins Ira Hartin Francis Wann Geo. Lawson -ilizabeth Hurt James Staples do 7/6/33- do 7/6/33- do 10397 not at issue dO -4*4-- do do do do do do do do do do tSlEl- Hulvertson rreS^igiile^^i/^/^S-p^etitioa filed simmons 10526- " Ij605 21ase smith Hanhy sly Pullen issued, for defendent. returnable 9/12/33 9/11/3 - demure filed, not at issue 8/"3/23-p do 3/5/34-de-mre submitted 10/12/33- x do 10441 3/5/34- demure submitted 10606 Lich & Connor Raymond Kerman 10/12/33- do 10441 2/9/34- motion to strike file 15607- Blase Walter Cunningham 10/12/33- do 10441 10608- Leich X flnnor Jesse Jones Do '0609- Doff Marshall do P P P P I i I I I I I I I 2 "-TIOT'.Ji 1,7..V 10613 13611 13612 10613 10614 13613 10616 10617 10618 10619 10020 10661 10662 10663 10797 1070* 10843 10844 10845 109-6 10876 10377 10378 10879 13880 10881 10832 10 383 10 >94 10.52 Leich 4 Connor * n rt m ft 01-re m Leloh 4 Conner ".l ft ae * Feft nn Blase Perm Eulvcrta an It m m snix ft ft If f* ff t 2-gle3ton Fenn 10-33 10030 1099* `; 10098 Hurltertooa Oerritzea A Gerritzen Hulvertson John V Stotler do 10441 Osa_ r He nx7 do OenJa.rLn ?lero do Joseph V. Buyleae do ..rchie .vetser do Eoenuth Tan 0 l?kle do James Ramaja Charles E. Hill Raatus Hlcholaon Geo. Tiefcnauer do do do do riohael L-oey do Nanais Sari Lindsay 11/2T/J3- T do 10441 * i11 iso Clold Fahneatook do Franala Hurt 3/8/34- T John 1* KcKelly 3/8/34- T do 10441 do H* 0. Bollinger 4/17/34- do -Ibert Ouxtin do Caosr lolda do C. E. Flack do Sobert 0. Motley 5/3/34 do waiter 2. tataon do -udrew B. llli&ms do nibur Oca ~ga do Xoe Richardson do Georre Sloe do Tlncent J. Uattln^ly do Edward 'amblin do Thomas Beak 5/12/34- do fllllsm Parker 6/12/34 from Circuit 'ourt of St. Francois Co-nty will la Jhunaaa do do Hooer h. 6/16/34 do 10441 Lina i.--Grand 7/'/3d do Jesse Bandy 7/14/34 do r :ht: ~r. lcttit tzdzp^l :ousi v-t-hdvxt 'T. jos Lr^D so. LD095- Toristsl, Ralph Durun 9/20/32-p lot at issue 10111 it 0 o /larence "orter 9/?9/32-p 3/7/31- Fotion to strike file 10112 Leslie . F.otinson 9/29/32-p- l/2``/34- Potion to strike sustained in "art overulei la part 2/20/24- Plaintiff grinted 20 more days to plee 10114 10118 Irvin L* ilitchell 9/29/32-p 3/7/33- Do above He..ry v^neen 9/30/22-p 3/7/33- So above 10119 Jula LaKose 9/20/22-p 3/7/ 3- ' atioa to strike fi 2/00/34- Plaintiff granted 20 more days to plea 13120 Frank ?lade 9/30/32-p 2/7/33- '.Tot.ion to strike fl 10121 Sam Hayen 2/14/34- "ranted 23 add. da 3/33/30-p 3/7/33- !'otion to strikefil 2/23/.4- Or nted 23 a C. Da 10182 :'art 2 aggieton ristop her Haulsey ll/20/32-p9/ll/ -3- -mended petition 1 2/14/34- -newer filed 10200 John Oompton 12/l3/22-p 9/II/23- -mend6d pet filed 3/5/34- Motion to make de fault sutQi ted 10242 " James B* H l'ert l/13/33-p 9/ll/33-2aended pet filed 3/5/24-"otlon to default sub 10236 Hay A Flannirsn- ''allJfl K&.ria/2/33-p 9/2:/33-%,rotion to strike aui 10268 Hulvertson Dan ,7hittier 4/28/32-f 6/27/33- Plea of ft* Joe to Jurisdiction sustained T/5/33-riea to Jur* and 1044 3 Herbert- Tirgil 'roaa demure sustained 6/28/v3-' 6/28/33- Transcri t r' 00 on removal from Oirsuit 'ou St* L. filed b7 deftndent l/'2/34- Plea to Jur. sustained 10442- Hulv rtaon- 'Tertru'e Lix 6/28/33-f Do 10441 10445 Herbert lay TTu^ea 6/23/33-7 6/23/33 Do lc/4/33- Plea to Jur.a-jstaj 10433 I naan Jam z 0. Door-. Plea to Jur.of St* Jo- Leac 7/22/23-p 7/""/33-Pet filed-sunmons issued for def.- P.eturna If 8/11/ .5- .'emure pen ing 10-.94 Inman J--sel- 31-renae Durden 7/l2/33-p 7/23/33- "'ot at issue 10511 Hul7cr*30u IToaea Sebas^i.n 3/14/33-p 8/l4/32--ot at issue 10312 * Hill 1-a Bums 3/14/33--p Do 66 ~t. -.era In ^e'aral Tourt 10525-Eulre rts on "red HI *.lc7 12/6/33-1 2t. rran:oia Co. filed by def. Io67l-Inaan * jhn Ho Thur oh 12/6/33 so 10802-Hnlvertson Lena ~o sa 3/19/34 do 19804 tl Ilia 'urterO/l9/34 do o3o ?e;*n S U-rv "oore 3/9/34 do JoL; uff do 10839 Gillian Ira Linooln 4/16/34 1 0 10840 Plesesnt G. JTelth 4/16/J4 do m. Huiv rtson Henry Sohwent martin alexnrder 6/lI?34 do 10926 Jilliu.u Henry Brown do 10927 Churle:- Traci- 6/11/T4 do 10928 t'arion "nlow do 13929 1.TS31 10:22 10933 Siltur rar.xer R. H. Hiney Geo. H. Henderson Ben La Thur.ce do do do do lo934 Steve do 10935 Be tty Jane Reed do 10936 Hrneat Tripp do 10837 * Jeff Turab nu-gh- do 10938 Jumea Toodo do 10939 ,,mi" Jess L. Borein^ dO 10940 Felix Tampbe11 :.0 10941 " Charles a. Celooure do 10942 " 10943 " Joe Daremo :. * ill -.an do do 10944 " J j ovls do lo945 ' 10946 " 109,7 ' "lenwood L-c.-ley "mit 7. Ra.^sdule Hurion ZZosa do do do 10948 " 10949 " Benjaniu Sale Bert >?Mte do do 10950 Zdw rd 9 & Brooks ire Geo. Sikes do "Am?; "TTLr: bt ::t. JO- LS-3 10382 Sulvertson- 'llllaa Trip 4/2 3/33- do 10368- Ton renovnl- 9/2/33-3.-1 (dlonlasod by plal. tiff without prejudioa. 2oat payed by plaintiff) 10447- "ulvertaon Steve Taahl- 6/28/23-T- 1/22/34 plea to Jurisdiction sustained. 3/lo/34- settled. Eeaand.-d do 10382 10669 " 'iTllliaa .''ontjar::cr~12/6/-3-r froa St* Francois Sol 2/l4/34-2ettled. Reminded t9.nl.r4 state 00 rt ooat payed by defendant 10301 * in Oirouit Colrt of St* rrancois To* Henry "lah m 6/9/34-2 from St. F. Co. 10803 " G/27/34- Settled. Oo 10669 Tpaea Sebastian 3/9/34-T from St. F. Co. 6/27/34- Settled, do 1066 Cooks: T-'' T :'="- B L. Geo ge -laxier Tdition of mings Forcible iners Therat^eusis of Internal Diseases #* Silicosis 3. , D. Appleton a.; Go. 7. 5pp. 772,75--122. LL. _11 - tins: 1. `Public Keultk bulletin no. 137--July 1229 * W a 2. The Health of Workers in Dust;* Trades, "'as-.ir rc.:, B 'J. 2. lov't Printing Office 3. 'ulletir. of U. 5. Bureau of L-.bor Statistics, -o. ! " ^ Q Proceedings of the sixteenth annual rn.esti.;:_: of the Intematiosl Association of Industrial Accident boards and Coamissions tWashington, U. S. Gov`t Prill ring Office, 193C) H 4. U. S. Bureau of Mines Bulletins ^ a, Supers,.R. R. , Meriresher, F. 7., Lsnsa, A. P^ "Silicosis and Tuberculosis Anonr Miners of |H the Tri-otate District of Oklahoua, Kansas a d Missouri--11,"for pear ended June 1929, Tec/. _ paper 552, 1933 , 28 pages. I b. Sayers, R. R. "Physicological Factors of Mine 7entilstion" 1. C. 619a, 17pp. c. Sabers, R. R. "Dffect of Abnormal Air Condition. or. 'line Workers" I. C. 6245, 19SC, 22pp, B d/ _pers, R. R. "Hffect of *.7orkera of Ai: tio.-s*' I. C. 6439, 1951, 33pp. Ie. Farrington, D. ''Metal Mine Ventilation. and i Relation to Safety and Zffi ier.cp in Mining Operations" P. L. 2133, 1920, 8pp. f. "arri rton, D. "Dust and Health of Miners", 1924 g. Harrington, D "Occupatiocl Diseases os sili cosis in Construction Operations and its Prevention" *n. Myers, 7J. M. "Solubility of Finely Divided Pock Dust in ?&ter, Kerosene sr.d Alcohol" BIBLIOGRAPHY (Continued 111* Magazines: 1. American Journal of Public Health,'Aug, ,27 . "Stcrioscopic Exray Examinations of sandstone Quarry Workers" 2 American Journal of Publlo Health, Junc( f29 "Status of Silicosis" m 3. American Journal of Publlo Health, Aprilf30 "The Effeot of Dust on the Lungs" 4. Business Wce* Sept* 2, 1933, "Silicosis ?Jenace" 5. American Journal of Publlo Heelth, Oct* *32 "Observations end Studies on Silicosis by Dlstonacotu Silica" 6* Industrial Hygiene Magazine, "The Roentgenological Aspeota of Pneuaoconleais and Its Medico-Legal Importance* 7# Labor Revie*, Nov* 1928* "Legislation In Occupelonal Diseases in BollTla" 8* Labor Revier, July 1929* "Silicosis Among Rock Dwellers, Blasters and Excavators in N. Yn City" 9 Literary Digest, March 10, 1SS4; 10* Scientific American, 143: 252-3, Oct. '31, "Taming A Deadly Occupational Disease" ir* Newspaper Articles* St* Louis Poso-Dispatch, April 21, 1934, p. 5a. "Lawyer Tells How Silicosis Suits Developed here After Friend Died of Disease." V Pamphlets: I* Metropolitan Life Insurance Co "Silicosis"