Document e5rVByBvx40rbp2QYn7R31RRM

NO-3 MJkC MARCH 1920 CLEANAB LE COLLARS Styiisk^Sewiceabie^&omrnimi Du Pont Cleanable Collars are made in many up-to-date styles in four brands: Challenge, Blue Rib bon, Pyralin and Water Nymph. Challenge, Blue Ribbon andPyra lin brands are cloth interlined. Write for catalog. "See how closely they resemble ordinary starched cotton collars. They have a cotton interlining which is covered with a water-proof material, finished to resemble the surface of a starched collar. You can hardly tell the difference. "They will not wilt and you can always clean them yourself with a bit of soap and a damp cloth. "Wear? Longer than a starched collar and without a cent of laundry cost--and you can always clean one in a moment." E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS & CO., Inc. Sales Department, Pyralin Division WILMINGTON. DELAWARE DUPO ZINE Volume XII MARCH, 1920 Number A The Trend of Prices A survey of commodity price, movements gives illuminating information AT the end of 1919 the general average By F. LESLIE I1AYFORD have experienced a marked advance, par of prices in the United States had X JL risen to a point never before attained. Economic Statistician ILI. du Pont deNemours^Cosine. ticularly in the last eight months of 1919. Summing up the price changes in the According to the figures of the U, S. different groups of commodities shown we Bureau of Labor Statistics general wholesale prices were then find that at the end of 1919 the following percentage increases 18K per cent above their average for the year of 1913. over the price average for the same group for 1913 had occurred; From the latter part of 1015 to the signing of the armistice in November, 1918, general prices moved upward with hardly a check. During the next, few months they fell slightly and many persons were convinced that a return to the pre-war price level bad begun. But this drop was only temporary. Beginning early in the spring of 1919 the upward course was resumed and with only one set-back (in September) prices continued to advance, surpassing by the end of the year their former high Co mmo d it ie s En t e r in g Dir e c t l y In t o t h e Co s t o f Liv in g Cloths and clothing...... ................................ 236 % House furnishing goods .............. 208 % Food......................................................... ., ,134%. Fuel and lighting.................................... . 81 % records. Price Movements Co mmo d it ie s Us e d m In d u s t r y Lumber and building materials. ........ 158% t The prices of all commodities do not, of course, necessarily Chemicals and drugs .................................... 79%.. rise or fall together. A. shortage of wheat and an over-supply Metals and metal products........................... 69 % of copper might exist at the same time, tending to push the price of the one up and of the other down. The "general price Average of all commodifies.................... 1389;, level'3 Is, speaking broadly, the average of the prices of nil coin modi ties. The general price level may therefore rise even though the prices of some commodities fall, provided the Price Index Numbers prices of others advance sufficiently. This is what has happened The above conclusions with regard to the extent; to which at different times during the past five years. Indeed, the prices have risen since 1913 are based upon the price index price movements o! various groups of commodities have been numbers compiled by the U. S, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Widely different. I ndex numbers are (to define them roughly) refillive numbers, The two diagrams on the next page bring this fact out in in which data for some specific period tin this ease the. average striking fashion. These diagrams show the movements of whole of prices lor the year 1913) arc taken as a base, generally sale prices of various groujis of commodities from January, 1914, indicated by 100, and data for subsequent periods are com to December, 1919, inclusive. The changes are plotted by quar puted as percentages of this base. ters for the first three years of this period and by months for the In the case of the wholesale price index numbers of the last four years, thus enabling us to observe the general course of Bureau of Labor Statistics we are comparing monthly' prices the JlueUial.ions during the former years and the month-to- subsequent to 1918 with the average of prices for that year. month changes during the latter. The 1913 prices are represented as HK> and prices for subsequent Taking flic upper diagram, which shows the price movements months us percentages of the 1913 average. Thus, in August, uf commodities entering directly into the cost of living, we find 1919, the price index of cloths ami clothing was expressed as that since the middle of 1917 cloths and clothing have been refit - 304; this meant that prices of cloths and clothing were at that lively higher in price than the other cost-of-living groups, and t ime 304 per cent of the average prices of the same commodities that since last April both cloths and clothing and house fur for 1918 or 204 per cent above the 1913 prices (1913 prices nishing goods have had a very pronounced rise, while food arid Imving been expressed, as 100). In interpreting these price fuel and lighting have changed c?omparalively little. index numbers, then, it is to be borne in mind that they In the lower diagram, which shows the price movements of are relative to prices for 1918 and that to determine how much certain commodities used in industry, we see that since July, prices have risen it is merely necessary to subtract from the 1917, metals and metal products and chemicals and drugs have index number for any month 109 ami the result will be the dropped considerably, while lumber and building materials percentage of increase over prices for 1913. * Di rox i' mag azin e. copyrid.h-.i ivan hr 1.1. a. t]t Winmir* ft t.umpaiiy, ha:, Snl'cripiMin, HO On? ! J, ll. SHR.TZ, LAii..i K. R. MANCHESTER, Ftiimr j Ciibleiior? ni;<\ reprint, \Ulh rmlil, ;sll arliili*- ami itlij'iris!s<*'. iU<~ carrying KI,N:irwi juss will, *> ln-n 2 nv PONT MAGAZINE The w holesale price* index of the Bureau of Labor Statistics reference to the two diagrams below would impel one to believe is based on monthly quotation* of 328 commodities, a much that certain groups will fall and others rise. larger number than any of the other American price indexes. Certainly, cloths and clothing seem to have advanced so It: ik , therefore, probably Uie most reliable index of general enormously that unless extravagant spending continues to run wholesale? prices that we have in this country. its pace the demand must soon show signs of slackening and Till* Outlook Prices hi gem?ral have risen about ns Wholesale Frier Mm enirnt* Bureau nf Labor Suile-lir ^ Price Itidex Number,- Aviwag'* f< 1918 conridcrcd iif* MM> price* experience a drop. House furn i s h i n g goo<j s might be viewed hi far as they are somewhat. t he same- likely to go, so light, although the that we may now activity in dwelling fool; for a check (o house cmisfrectum the upward mnve- may be an indica meat, and very tion that the de likely for some mand fur housefm- recession. There mshm-s will con are two reasons for tinue excessive for this belief; if; The some time longer. Federal lieserve I ?\ t he case of frmd, Board has clc-li~ there may he some r.ircdy taken the drop, particularly position of oppos if exports should ing further credit fall oil. Fuel and expansion and has lighting, which have ruined discount advanced since rates to carry out 1913 least of all fu this policy; (2) in the cost - of - living creased production commodity groups is likely before mid considerably long to begin to show results in t he turning out of a ImU-K Xi.i'llI CniiiimiiJiii-'- I '-i-it in iniln-ir\ I ioriipmml wiili nf Oil O mm<idnii'i less even than the general price level, do not seem likely larger supply of io decline much, commodities rela am! they may even tively to the de rise slightly. mand for them. Of the l tirt-e O n the o t- h er groups of commod hand, there art ities used ir; indus definite influences try ami which are which may tend to shown in the dia- preveiii; prices from g r a in , diver s o falling fur.Theprir.- in ove men ts also eipal ones are: (! ) seem probable?. The considerable Metals and metal demand for eapilal, products might, and (2) the Federal easily rise, particu Treasury's policy larly in view of the of certificate bor prospect ire arge rowing; both of demand for iron which may make and steel this year. difficult any derid This group now ed credit deflation. sbinds lower, com On ! hi: whole. pared with its 1918 while it seems probable that the rise in prices will shortly be average, than any of the other groups shown in either diagram; checked, if if has not already been, and while prices may decline indeed, prices of metals and metal products at the end of 1919 somewhat, it appears doubtful if any pronounced recession is to were only half a* much above I BIB prices as was t he general he looked for in i he near future. It is more likely that during average? of ad commodities--69 per cent compared with 188 1920 prices will fluctuate not far from their present level, per cent. A rise in chemicals and drugs, which have fallen almost although perhaps somewhat below that level. It appears as much as metals and metal products, might also reasonably improbable, at any rate, that they will continue to rise. he expected. In the case of lumber and building materials, a These conclusions apply to the immediate future; that is, pronounced rise has only recently occurred, carrying prices of the current year. To forecast what course prices will follow this group in eight months from only (12 per cent above the 1913 over a long period is impossible, it is believed, however, that average to J53 per cent above it. Vet, in spite of this great prices will not return to their pre-war level for many years, if increase, price* of lumber and building materials seem unlikely at all. They are likely to remain relatively high for a long time, to recede much in the near future. An excessive building de l>uf probably not so high as at t he end of 1919. mand exists, coupled with an acbial shortage of certain build Outlook for Commodi ty Groups ing materials An increase in production or a lessening of building activity, however, might cause u drop hi price*. The wide variance in the price movements of different com Index numbers of wholesale prices of 1 wo other commodity modity groups which has already been pointed out .suggests the group* are compiled by llie Bureau of Labor Statistic*. These unlikelihood of uniform movements in the near future. Indeed, Coriirmfrd on pagf H Calling the Land to Task //ore farmers of thv Soitfhkin'l how* hwrt tmtght to rhf Utorr uvrm to (mih< / sonic- stunt!*:* .........MijiyB i'-.-! * SM \ ,-s! >il * i .". i i .k* : ).: f `M-. .'< . { > * f : El i}-`. kA'AA --' '^5 - *j M Wiu3iBj. S ^SR P you have never watched a fanner trying io IP CKPHtt; 1). LOVE in South Georgia ninety-three per cent of fanners I plow, cultivate or harvest in a eut-ovnr pine use one-horse equipment; this, in :he face of a !rad, you have im idea of the troubles ho ha? to eon rend er distantly lessening labor supply and a sreadily hi creasing with. Thousands of farmers of the South have boon hard need of food and fodder. pressed to make even a scanty living on the sfinnp-infesti-d One noticeable result of j his domonstriuion reur is ihe lands of Georgia and other .sections of the Soul beast. changed attitude of tractor manufacturers toward the coastal Rvery farmer must riel his land of stumps in order to work plain of the South a vast terriiory embracing many thousands it to best advantage. The modern method is not to tell him of acres of tillable land. When the demonstration crow on the how to do it..-that's been tried - mit to show him how to do it. Georgia train reported that they plowed raw hind jxm behind So rht' Georgia State College of Agriculture worked in coni line- the stump blasters and stump pallors, tire; tractor interests saw tiun wit.1i the tinted Stales Railroad Administration and the* opportunity to introduce power machinery in tins section. rent out a special train called the "Georgia Land Gearing Manufacturers of tractors are now alert- and have already Special," carrying a crew ol blasting experts ami modern enlisted their services as promoters of stump eradication. implements along a scheduled route through South Georgia. The railroads also have shown new interest in land clearing At points announced in advance, the experts gave* actual work. Railway men know that permanent settlers can he working exhibitions. Eighteen of these field demonstrations attracted to man-made prairie? in a region of mild winter were made, showing to more than thirty-five thousand people, climate ami great, agricultural pussibilU ios, just as they realize it proved to he one of the most mtluentml projects ever launched that their former efforts to locale home-seeker* on raw, rut-over in the South to broaden lhe outlook of the farmer and show lands were nor. successful in most cases. Hereafter, the owners him the2 oiler futility of some of his life-long practices. of coastal plain lands, who solicit the aid of railroads in develop The usual method in the coastal plain has been to struggle ing their tra<-f*, will be gratified to find them insistent that an at farming for several years before making any systematic adequate acreage of cleared land on each tract he prepared effort to remove the stumps and use adequate implements. before prospectors tut*- brought to inspect- it. W hen large landowners began development work, they followed Did i he demonstration work of the Land Clearing Special pay? this practice ami naturally became disgusted. They usually Undoubtedly. This in indicated b.v the fact that nomqrous sales postponed improvements and slowed down their operations to of land chiming machinery and dynamite were made after the the minimum. As a result, little progress was made in develop train closed its tour. Local dealej-s also report that a great ing the latent po^sibilitii^ of the cul-over lands. mnnher of inquiries have come in for dynamite. Already active Throughout its entire route, the Land Clearing stumping operation? are under way in many places. Special traversed territory that had produced A not her indicat ion that the project was successful is disclosed the smallest crop in its history, because of by the fact that other coastal plain states are seeking the exceptionally heavy rains over a long co-operation of (he interests that made the Georgia Land period. The boll-weevil...the most destrue- Gearing Special possible, 'They want, in inaugurate similar L ve crop pest known in the country--had projects in their states. reduced the cotton yield about forty per The spirit of conservation prompted the Du Pont crew to turn vent, and in some of the worst affected the attention of the farmers to the possibilities of salvaging Jight- comities as much as seventy per rent. woud stumps. This was an innovation and gives a new turn to With these facts in mind it might be the advantage of using explosives, not only for getting out supposed that it: would be difficult to stumps, but for breaking them up for further use either in mak (merest discouraged farmers in a new ing fences or for use in the distillation of turpentine or even for activity. Rut it was riot. The use as kindling. There Is little doubt, that land clearing trains reception accorded this deinomdratk n will he constant factors in future develop train gave fa-oof that South Georgia ment and promotion work, realizes that the held stump both in the white pine and the is largely responsible for her yellow pine cut-over district, agricultural trouble* and because of the success of the that slump eradication is ventures in Minnesota and not only desirable but tra- Georgia. The work of the I ierahively necessary. Land Clearing ypedal in Recent, statistics show that. Tainpin* the charge Georgia will sei the pace. 4 DU PONT MAGAZINE Making Du Pont Standard Dyes How one American manufacturer of dym safeguards the interests of dye consumers through ill Technical laboratory Jk FATE share of publicity has been given tothe By 1. . PIERCE from time to time illustrative circulars, pattern fjk chemistry and manufacture of dyestuffs Xj L since America began to develop its Dye Technical Division Dyestuffs Sales Dept* cards and samples. , American dyestuffs manufacturers early real stuff Industry at the outbreak of the war. An ized that successful competition with^ foreign important phase of the business has been overlooked in giving manufacturers, by producing dyes comparable in quality with information to the public; it is the part that technical labora those of foreign importation, required profound chemical tories play in developing practical dyes and in establishing a knowledge and mechanical skill of a high order. Furthermore, trade preference for them. they knew it was necessary for them to develop a service It Is always necessary to determine whether a newly dis organization with the equipment and ability to demonstrate covered dye is worthy of commercial existence or not. Many the high quality of American products. are not. German pre-war experience has shown us that only very few of those discovered have the necessary qualifications to justify their manufacture. For dyes regularly made, the lots as they come from the plant must be tested to see that each meets the rigid requirements of its standard before it is offered to the consumer.... These determinations can safely be made only in a technical laboratory and by a staff of experienced dye chemists, who are qualified as the court of last resort to pass judgment on such questions. Dyestuffs are used for a great variety of purposes. Each has its own technique of application, its individual requirements of fastness and other peculiarities. It follows that a technical laboratory must be well equipped and that the staff must know not only how dyestuffs are made, but how each dye m used in specific industries. A common service function of a technical laboratory m to help the consumer work out life coloring problems. When he requires shades to be matched on his goods in various stages of their manufacture, and is using a special type of machine for dyeing the goods, the labors ' ' .,1,';:. tory makes trial testa on earn The E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Inc., recently opened the Dye Works Technical Laboratory, which is shown . pies of his material run in the aeeompanymg illustration. through a dyeing machine, This handsome building, with its two stories and basement, which is a model of his overlooks the Delaware river from a location just outside the own factory equipment Dye Works area of the Deepwater Point plant, New Jersey. The solution of the prob- It is an imposing structure of ornamental pressed brick, 200 feet tom thiis^ worked..out long and 80 feet deep, equipped with a steam heating plant, two systems for air ventilation and air purification for the large consumer. laboratories, besides the necessary gas, water, steira, compressed, One of the wsifhin* room. The Technical Labora tory also, as a part of Its service to ... customers, tales air and vacuum lines* The main floor contains the executive offices, library, rest rooms, locker rooms and showers and rest rooms for employees* Here, also, are offices for the use of visiting salesmen, who review MARCH, 1920 5 the work of the laboratory at regular intervals to become bettej acquainted with the new products as they are developed. At the northern end of this door is a spacious, well-lighted room, equipped with power-winding machine?* for yarns. In this room operators prepare, wind and accurately weigh the yarns used for dye-testing. They also make the small bows 01 yarn used on sample cards. As soon as all the necessary machinery is installed complete sample cards will he manu factured in this department. At the southern end of the corridor is the analyti cal laboratory with facilities for identifying unknown dyes and for deter mining various chemical properries of dyestuffs not included ir the work of the dye-testing laboratories. The laboratory o]x?raiiorm and equipment on the upper ilooj are more interesting to the visitor. He is likely to notice? first that the architects have provided abundant air space; each room, except for glass partitions, ten feet high, separating ii from communicating rooms, is open to the roof, affording nec essary ventilation for the chemists who are conducting their tests with heat and steam* A large laboratory at the northern end of this floor is devoted to dye-testing. Definite amounts of dyestuffs are applied to 10-gram skeins, the. operations being conducted in small por- The .beakers, are. ....... .... ____...__ ... w ovens and when the dyeings are finished the skeins are dried in a large hot air oven. Each worker has his own table space and desk and devotes his attention wholly to the testing operations. . The chemists in charge have their office in u readily accessible room adjoining the laboratory. This enables them to supervise, all dye-testing operations. steps down the corridor on the west side h the paper ' with miniature beaters, driers and a line for heating small test lots of paper pulp and suction ' '* ' ' " ' ' ~ , Samples .............______ . : the paper y have a definite idea oi how fee can utilize ' ' ~s mill* Later on, a larger beater and a will be installed in the basement, and *' ' * ` * books $f --IB \ % Across the corridor is the Lake Laboratory, where dyestuffs are converted into pigments for paints, printing and litho graphic inks, wall papers and other uses. The room contains full equipment for testing and applying dye pigments in a practical way. There are paint grinders; ink grinders, litho graphic stones, offset presses, half-tone presses and all the minor adjuncts of these industries. With equipment of this sort, the technicians in charge are able to render service of a high order to any consumer who requests it. Down the corridor to the southern end is an experimental dyehouse fitted with the dyehouse equipment used in all classes of textile mills--machines designed to dye loose stock, hosiery, cops, tops, warps, pieces, yarns, or any other forms of materials used in the textile trades. These machines are not full size, but are practical working models, capable of handling, on the average, ten pounds of material. The equipment also includes hydro-extractors and driers. In addition to the jigs and jad- ding machines, there will soon be installed two calico printing machines with steamers, which will make possible extensive work along the lines of textile printing. In the basement are the heavier pieces of machinery, such as leather drums, glazing machines, paper beaters and a paper machine with its calender rolls, the heating system, the machin ery that supplies the building with its compressed air and vacuum service lines, and a photographic dark room, equipped with photo-mierographie apparatus and a projector. Ultra violet lamps of different types have also been Installed for rapid color fading tests. The entire personnel of the Technical Laboratory has been carefully chosen. Each member of the corps has had. long practical experience, together with the necessary scientific training for his particular line of work. Considering the highly technical nature of the work and the range of problems sub* I * Is the office of Its director, which of the leather laboratory, and just er laboratory, a mmiaf,ire tannery, with and vats. The operators make dye teste on ' ad by a shaking' machine. The Mputting room, but ' ' ' ... ement. where the vih: .._ ... .. laboratory. ;1 Yam-wiyiding and sample card room , "nutted by" the many consumers of Du Pont dyestuffs, it will be plain that the Company has exercised wise forethought in procuring the best talent obtainable. Continued on page 16 DU PONT MAGAZINE Speaking of Umbrellas Thanks iu Pyndifh the lately "rainstickhas found its place in the sun ~I ON AS llamvuy was a brave- man, He appeared venienily when in service, and reduced to small compass when I j I on the 8lreei-H of London in the year 1750, and was the sun-god ruled. rl'.o first ihigUsh citizen So curry an umbrella. This Men curry umbrellas merely for protection, but women for * daring man braved the prejudices of a people loath to tunately have u liner artistic sense that calls for beauty as well change custom; and. an ho walked under his possible as utility. Thus when parasols or umbrellas, carried by the rain-shed, endured Che scoils and derision of ids Mows. fair sex, are not filtering the sun-rays or .sheltering the own *s When you lake your umbrella from the ruck...or ers frun rain, they servo... they must serve--as object* of even by some mischance an umbrella not yours be adornment. assured that you now go forth unabashed only because As with isvery other invention that has lived, the character I lor more than thirty years one man find tired with patience the insults and jostling* of the crowd. Like a saint of an olden day he endured stones and sticks, east by the mob, and triumphed only because of his per istic improvements took on 1 he nature of refinements. Cover ings id fine texture were developed, rods and ribs were lacquered, and the umbrella began to assume a more ornamental design. For feminine indulgence came silk coverings, limited only in sistence. By his courageous introd net-ion of the device the variety of colors and patterns by the imagination and skill he popularised the umbrella. of the makers. Tins event marks the development of the umbrella But through all these years what of the handle? In the begin from the parasol. The latter was in use for thousands ning, the handle was simply a straight rod, or one curved at the of years before people recognized Hie necessity of a end to meet the need of the carrier. Wooden handles, carved portable device to ward oil' lho assaults of Jupiter and possibly ornamented with bone or ivory to vary the tone, Pluvius. were first used. Then, fora time, to satisfy woman's caprice, The word "parasol" moans to "ward off the sun/' came the luxurious silver or gold handles. But all these lacked am! the word "umbrella" simply means a "diminutive I he varieiy of color and design, the elegance and individuality, shade." Wu might rightly criticise the descriptive she desired accuracy of the names, yet the similarity of i heir mean .lust as manufacturers had gone to great lengths to meet the ing hears out the statement- that the parasol and the feminine whim for covers, they were now equally concerned to j: umbrella had a common ancestry, secure a type of material that would permit of a corresponding ^ There is every evidence that from the beginning the diversity nf treatment in making handles that would as truly parasol was used primarily as a decoration and only incidentally please. After experimenting with many materiaIk , Pyralin as a protection. This is was finally selected its not remarkable because it : best adapted for making -would be natural to give .. , ornamental handles. particular attention to ''' Pyralin Is a highly the covering and supports desirable material for this of the sunshade, whim li purpose because of its vens used in processions, durability and great va on feast days, to provide1 riety of color and design. shade for the heads of An unlimited number of 3*oyal parsonages. Gou- si quently, when the para sol was int ended to min V_ colors and combinations ... ,k can be made, and the tips . . and. ferrules are often ister to the comfort and made of Pyralin to match vanity of persons of higit the handles. In this rank, rich fabrics and material all the beauties jewels entered into its I of natural wood are ob~ composition. Let us omit the details of the transition from a covering of skins or leal her, through the pe riod of oil cloth, silk, calico and alpaca in what i" If tained with the graining | faithfully imitated, J The uncommon versa| tility of Pyralin is evident I to everyone who looks at V\ | the reproduction of ivory, j.j pearls, semi-precious ever order they were used. Then again, wo will merely mention the gloriol l s contrivanee of | stones and tortoise shells f d as they are herewith ij Illustrated, \ :.j Because Ivory from ele~ ivory rod and handle and i phant tusks Is expensive ribs covered with rich silk, is it existed in India Pyralin handles may fee hod in wonderful variety. Reproduced by courtesy of Edward Jordon-KJel Co,, New York City does not prevent one from having in an umbrella the ;* pparent birth place handle al! the beauty of of the sunshade. The real point nf interest is that through; al! Uud. earnnl polished or un liquated rarity. Pyralin embodies all the ages the materials used have been chosen to add a greater the graining, the delicate creamy shadings t-iuii. are character degree of utility or beauty to the parasol and particularly to istic of real i vory. glorify the covering, because for centuries the parasol was The pearls are not only reproductions; they are beautiful, decorative only when it was open. sob-toned creations of many hut's. The agate, the jade, the It; remained lor the ingenuity of more modern minds to con aquamarine, the tourmaline--all are duplicated in Pyralin. trive the umbrella as an apparatus that could be carried eon- Few people imagine t Hal Pyralbi which can be made Into so MARCH, 1920 7 nmny forms ts at. the outset a vegetahie ])rriurt. It does nm of plasticity by heating in hot water or on a steam table, so that .-tern possible that a material, *o hard, so wonderfully colored it can bo bent, shaped or formed in whatever way is desired. and polished, could trace its origin to Hie soft, 1 leery product Tills combination of eharaeter1sties--durability, w<>rking of the southern eottonJields. Yen the base of byrahn ts cotton, qualities and variety in uppea ranee..-gives Pyralin standing and, curiously, in one stage of its rank among the do Luxe mate manufacture it its converted into rials from which parasol and high-grade white tissue paper. umbrella handies are made. I -mhrella handles from tissue Because Pyralin does not chip paper! The idea seems grotesque or crack it is an ideal material enough, hut- it is only one of on which to engrave monograms many similar wonders that clicm- in any style or combination Teal science has developed. of letters. The touch of beauty The process of mamifaeuirmg that a monogram gives to a iVrulin has been previously de handle is but one of many other scribed in those pages. The point decorative ideas that can be won ` i present in Loros L is that Pyralin derfully wrought out in Pyralin. is furnished Co the iimn ij factor or s Thus, finally, through the evo of parasol and umbrella handles lution of the handle, the umbrella, in the form of thick sheets ur or the parasol--originally ungain r> ris, of such dimensions as are ly and used only when necessity best adapted for handle-making. demanded--has come to be an How t hese sheets and rods are article of beauty as well as utility. cut and fashioned into handles of No longer is it considered an all shapes is another story; but Of unuu>il beauty are the trsii|fht handle* nmdc of Pyrnlin incumbrance, but ratheran attrac b is in order here to remark that I'yralin possesses exceptional Reproduced by courtesy of I he Art 1 fmhrrlla New York City Company, tive and necessary accessory of the wardrolie. The beauty of working qualities. It is tough and strong; will mu. crack nr Pyralin has been mi important factor in redeeming the parasol splinter; is free from grit, and ts ill lake an extremely high polish. and the umbrella from the commonplace. It has widened won I i cart he cut, sawed or worked in a lathe very much in the same derfully the scope nf decorative effects to he obtained; there is manner as wood. Moreover, it can be reduced to varying degrees practically no limit to the variations possible in Pyralin. A Combination Ambulance and Omnibus Only a slight change is necessary to convert this i twice-passenger 1ms into an amimlance for four A GREAT manufacturing plant must be self-contained. f\ Every emergency must be provided for in its own equip- -i- j L ment. Probably the least used yet, most necessary item is the plum, ambulance, and almost every large plant has one. Making an ambulance self supporting by increasing its utility L an efficiency problem that the Stand arc! Oil Company of New Jersey has solved very happily. Al most any large* manufacturing concern can do t lie same. T he i 1J list ra ti ous show an O l d s in o h 1 l e Economy Truck f has sis iiited with a hodv built by (hell. H. Bab cock Company, of Watertown, New York. This job is a combi nation ambulance and omnibus. It is used regularly as an omnibus to ,V !ii . M : \ l -: 11,1 j \ r-, lIU-: .i.il.r n *< ii \ n u 11 l<>>! I s <1. I?- .ini-)i cun:ii u'.'up.m' *. carry workers back and forth through the plant or wherever they may be needed. As the body is eight feet back of the driver's seat, about twelve men can he carried comfortably on Jong upholstered seats. Pour litters are carried under th^ ^nts. Two of these rest upon the scat bases and bottoms when the seats are reversed. The other two are suspended from the ceiling by straps and hooks. There is a water tank and a first aid equipment compartment. As the illustrations show, the truck body can he converted from nn omnibus to an ambulance and back again in a jiffy. The l L II. Bab cock Company uses a high grade of Du Pont Fabrikoid and other leathersubstltu tes for bodies of this type. These ma terials are ideal for the service required of them; for, as they are quite impervious, they are thor oughly sanitary. The entire inte rior of these vehi cles can be washed with soap and water or with sterilizing com pounds, affording opportunity for a splendid precau tion in ambulance ,ork. A leather substitute material will not absorb dust and germs, and none of the liquids likely to come in contact with it will either pene trate or stain it. In addition, it is tough, wear-resisting and per fectly adapted to rugged service in industrial use. 8 DU PONT MAGAZINE Three "Smash-Ups" That Found the Answer Mow the Craftsman Auto Finish stands the accident test *T has been my duty at different By A. If. 13 FRWALD shell, so these parts could be straightened. We times to demonstratethe Crafts- found the Fabrikoid adhered strongly to these ,iriari Fabrikoid Auto Finish to many parts, and were surprised to find that it still retained its flexi thousands of ear owners seeing it for the first bility, as we supposed after having undergone the rough usage, t ime. Those who slop to talk about it almost etc., that the oil would he done and leave t he Fabrikoid stiff and invariably ask the following questions and easily broken. As manager of the Trimming Department and usually in the; same sequence; swing these things, T am sure strong for the Fabrikoid both for Isn't it beautiful? top use and covering Is it: leal.her? work on automobiles. Does it stay like that? "Tiie time in com How do you clean if? pleting the wrecked The answer to the first question is obvious. "No" suffices for ear, including rebuild the serfaid. "Yes" for the third. "Any way you please" is a ing the top, was about safe answer for the fourth. There was another question that nine days, with two many people asked anil we could not answer until recently. men working at one "What happens to the {"raftsman Fabrikoid Finish in ease of time, and at different a smash-up?" times." On thi> Santa Ire Trail For many months we were wishing for something to happen to After the above some of the curs finished with Craftsman Fabrikoid, so I hat we repairs were completed and the pilot was able to leave the hospi could answer this question from experience, but although the tal the car proceeded West. About fifteen miles west of Win number of cars so finished increased rapidly, i hey all seemed to slow, Arizona, after floundering through oceans of mud, the bear charmed lives--they run into nothing bul admiration. ear became mired-in, immediately preceding a blinding snow When we had almost given up hope about: the first of blizzard. The pilot, who had just stepped out of the car, was December to be exact... throe different cars covered with the unable to find it again, so intense was the downfall. After Craftsman Auto Finish all met, with serious accidents. circling around for hours he lay clown exhausted, and as he The first car damaged was, properly enough, the first eur thought, to die, but he was found the next morning, still alive ever finished with Craftsman Fabrikoid, a Hi17 Cadillac road by some miracle, and was sent to a hospital in Los Angelos. ster which was covered October 1, 1S>18 This car is familiar to The car, after being marooned in the mud and snow for some many motorists because it lias been run and exhibited in cities days, was towed to the railroad and shipped by freight to Now and towns all over the country. York City on December 5th. 1 received it there exactly one The finish was in its four- .. month later and found it. covered with frozen mud from bottom tceiilh month of service, and . to top, and all over the top. its condition was such that the had been exposed to nil . ' entire unloading crew at the freight station, about fifteen men, kinds of weather during ` were unable to move it a single inch, nor was the sendee station 23,000 miles of travel, /' * - - truck able to pull it from the box car until some of the mild was when the car, which was / . thawed with hot water. at this lime headed The unloading crew at the 36th Street automobile house in for California on what New York includes several humorists. One of them said: was to be a eoast- w ``There's only to-coasfc round trip, ...... one place in the collided with a truck world where they loaded with lumber in have that kind of the vicinity of Denver mud; that's in Ari Colorado. What hap zona, I came from pened to it is told there.1* in the following "You'll be dis letter from Mr. appointed when Hoist, manager of you go back," said 1 he Trimming another. "All the Department of Arizona mud m now the ("adillne Garage at Denver:-- in New York.** "Mr. Geo. M. Parris drove the Another man Du Pom. Fabrikoid Company's Fahri- said: "What an koid covered Cadillac Roadster into awful state that our garage on the morning of Novem car's In." The an ber 12, Hill), in a most deplorable swer cams back condition. quickly, "Yes, it's "Beginning at the front of the car, the radiator shell nf. top front was The Car with its Craftsman Fabrikoid Finish in ' the middle of Arizona." mashed in, the filler plug lorn off, the hood was buckled together, We spent the next day at the Cadillac Service Station washing the eowi was mashed, buckled, bent and broken, the windshield the car with n hose and then with soap and warm water. The was twisted and broken into several pieces, ami lastly the top next morning wo gave it a light coat of Harrisons French Wax was a twisted broken mass of iron and wood, but fortunately Finish which was rubbed down immediately' with a soft cloth. the Fabrikoid was not torn, except for a few small places on the By 9,30 a, in. on January 7th we had the car in front of the cowl, which wore easily repaired. Grand Central Palace ready for the inspection of visitors to the "The Fabrikoid was taken off the cowl, hood and radiator New York Automobile Show, and the first words of the first Ma r c h , 1920 man who stepped beside it were "isn't it beautiful?" It was beautiful, although nothing but water, soap and wax had touched it after its hath of Arizona mud, and dcspilt? the fact that some of that mud was sill] on it in places where we eouk! not see it in the dark basement in which the ear was washed, I took advantage of the daylight to give the car a thorough examination. The visible damage to the finish consisted in a few torn places cm the outside edges of the fenders. At the top of the cowl, flying glass from the broken windshield had shaved chi' the coating of the Fahrikoid and cut into the material In a few spots that were hardly noticeable. Where the plate glass side windows, in breaking, had torn through the Fahrikoid, it was noticeable where the tears had been pulled together and fastened down. There was absolutely nothing to show me that the Fahrikoid had been taken of!' and put hack on the cowl, hood and radiator shell. I had not seen Mr. Hunt's letter at that time, and. can hardly yet believe that this could have been . done so perfectly. The finish was not spotted anywhere either from the frozen mud' that had been on it for a month or from the oil that had leaked out of cans in the turtle hack. There was the same original evenness of lustre on the finish all over the car and the same flexi bility and life that the FabrF koid had possessed,originally. This was as true of the material over the hood and radiator as over the parts that were not subjected to heat. The second car damaged was a Cadillac roadster belonging to Henry B. Day, of Los Angeles, California, and the third car was a Willys-Klught limousine that also belonged in Los Angeles and for which Mr, Day had furnished the Fahrikoid. Mr. Day tells the story of these accidents in the following letter written December 4,19191 "I want to Ml you about an experience I had recently with my Craftsman Fahrikoid car, I found that one feature of this body covering which I suspected would be a disadvantage had proved to be a decided advantage, .... "About two..weeks .ago,...in .a ..terrific jam, I .was back of a. street car when it stopped. The car suddenly started In reverse and backed into me, pushing my ear thirty feet and tipping it on two wheels. It broke a rear fender very badly, broke the door and scraped the whole rear panel. The rear fender was badly damaged so that 1 thought it would be necessary to put on a new one. I put the car into a shop, took a crow bar and sprung the rear panel with just a slight pressure. It snapped back into place all over the entire panel. (revered, A street ear hit the rear end of the limousine and drove it against, a telephone pole. A hole was punched in the body, and by the rear window a hole, about eight inches in diameter, was tom in the fabric. The top is covered with black baby alligator grain, Craftsman Fahrikoid, and a patch was put in on this. Where the new and the old pieces were joined, they used shoemaker's heed bull, applied with a plumber1* iron. The patch cannot be noticed oven close up. "Where the 976 color, Moorish, baby alligator grain, Fabri- koid was used on the center of the body, a new'piece about eighteen inches kmg was put in. Without taking the fenders off, they were hammered out and show no marks whatever. The hole punched in the body was hammered out and soldered and did not have to be finished up like a paint job would. "The ear was tied up about three days, and the cast was approximately $,10.00. I f this had been painted, the car would have been tied up six weeks and the cost would have been in the* neighborhood of five or six hundred dollars, as a new panel would have had to be put in the back end and also on the top, and probably the fenders would have been so badly broken that it would have been necessary to put on new ones. This is an advan tage to the man owning thecar. This ear belongs to the Los Angeles Athletic Taxi Company, and is used as a business Craftaman FabHkofd Finish on this saved money and time proposition. It gave them overfiveweeks' use 4 of the car which they would not have had otherwise, and saved considerable expense. "These were features I was very much afraid of on body covering, but here are two instances where they have stood the test, "I thought this information might be of advantage to you. The only difficult feature would be in matching colors, so no matter what color is used on the body, the fenders and pans should be done in black Fabrikoid, as the color does not change at all on this, and one fender, no matter how old, can be re covered and matched up with the others," The record of the three accidents mentioned here is such that question number 5 can now be answered with the utmost assurance to anyone who wants to have the -Craftsman Auto Finish on Ms car. In ease of accident this finish will suffer less unit mm be more wily repaired than the ordinary finish. The car itself will suffer less because of the protection given by the finish and the owner will be deprived of the use of Ms car for a much shorter time. The Fabrikoid makes a smooth finish over dents and buckles, when they are pounded out, and entirely hides these evidences of accidents. on the inside of the door, hammered the metal, without taking off any of the covering. It left a crease about the width of a lead pencil across the covering the full length of the ear, but it did not break the fabric at all at any place on the body or door, I rubbed this crease with a mixture of alcohol and machine oil, and not a mark now shows on body or door, "The rear fender had to be re-covered, as the fabric was badly ^~ ' }, this meant that all the fenders had to be 3 "p. I had them re-covered in black, , I would have had to put on a new ; the metal from breaking sharp or t same is true of the body--In other i scrim would to a wood body, only it 1 affords more protection, ippened to one of the limousines we had The Trend of Prices Continued from page 2 are farm products and miscellaneous commodities. Neither of these groups is shown in the diagrams presented here, because of the difficulty of classifying them either as articles entering directly into the cost of living or used in industry. Of these two groups, farm products, which had risen by December, 1919, to 144 per cent above their 1913 price average, might reasonably be expected to fall somewhat. The group of miscellaneous com modities stood in December at 120 per cent above the 1913 price average, somewhat lower than the general price level, but the heterogeneous nature of this group predudes any forecast of its probable movements. 10 DU PONT MAGAZINE The Aristocrat of the Forest This article is the eighth of a scries on woods and wood finishing. It describes tlm oak OW often, while strolling through the By S. L. JOHNSTON iary rings. In the oak, however, in addition to H forest, have vuii observed saint- hoaryheaded oak and repealed, "Tall oaks from little acorns these rings, Nature forms a series of fine hair like rays radiating from the center. These pith rays, so called, are not found in other woods; at least, they are not developed j/row!" The quotation suggests the rugged strength that has io a noticeable extent. given this aristocrat of the forest a standing preference in the The wood is comparatively compact and dose grained, minds of people throughout- the ages. The oak tree hears its alt hough ns slight porosity causes it to be generally termed as m. |1fS.u] family aloft- as if it held \n disdain the chestnut. the ash open-grained wood. Oak is strong, heavy ami tough. Further and other hardwoods of less imposing appearance. Tins may he cmh- the ohwrver's fancy. hut no one will dispute that the wood of the oak, made ready lor the oraiis- numN tools, is more; commonly chosen for use in homes of wealth and rohm*- mont that any other, _ 'The oak is imiqu- in that it may he found growing as far north as the Valley <'f the Hi, Lawrence and as fnr sonUi as Florida. This wide disirihu- uon speaks for the hardiness of the U*ee despite variations of temperature. Probably t he largest- stands of oak are found in the Appalachian regions, where the t reo attains its greatest size: and uniformity of growth. Like all living organisms, the oak run adapt itself to varying conditions, bur those necessary for its proper growth are a rich loamy soil with a constant supply of soil-moisture, good drainage and plenty of overhead light. These conditions are not always present, hut it in characteristic of tlm oak to ding io life in spite of handi caps. Even on rocky cliffs, although they do not. thrive well in such places, they persistently and effectually wage iheir battle for life. Nature has endowed the oak with certain characteristics which establish [1 an the ranking hardwood of the country. Resistance to diseases common to nmny woods is an aitribute that adds to the enduring qualities of the oak. more, it possesses a durability that enables it, when In-contact with the soil, io resist decay to a remarkable degree, A p pares dly t be same qualities which enable the grow ing oak to withstand adverse climatic c o t m hi ions are still present in the lumber. Although most of the oak lumber marketed is used for railroad ties, ship ami bridge timbers* barrel staves, farm implements and other articles of miscellaneous manufacture* such as loo! handles, the better grades, repre senting a small percentage of the out put, are utilized in the furniture trade and for interior finish. The wood finisher is concerned only with the I latter. The wood for finishing purposes may he prepared in two varieties of grain, plain sawed or "quartered." The difference in the grain depends on the manner of cutting. Quartered oak may he produced from either red or white oak by sawing the log nearly horizontal to the pith rings. By this method the log is first cut into four set-lions, hence the word "quartered," and boards or veneer cut from each section. Handled in this way, the pith f rings, also culled `'silver grain" or `Takes/' are brought out io the best advantage. These flukes give the individuality to quartered oak that distinguishes it from all other woods, and when properly finished produce a When si is attacked by disease, it- is but slightly affected. Most wood-destroying insects also gi ve this wood a rat her wide her! h. While oak and red oak stand out prominently among the several species. As standing timber there is iso very great dif particularly pleasing appearance. Cutting to the "quarter" necessitates some waste lumber and makes quartered oak more expensive than the plain cut. This has brought about l he use of very thin cuts of wood called ference in the; appearance of these two. Both have tall, clean, rugged trunks terminating m a comparatively small rounded rrown. The trunk or barrel of each is fairly uniform in size, with but a slight taper toward the top. Quite mil tirally there iosfseoamche veneer. The veneer is glued to a base of Jess expensive wood, giving t he appearance of solid oak at a lower cost. The praetue of veneering is extensively followed in the furniture Industry* although the higher grades of furniture are constructed of solid variulion In their respective sizes, but the average2t$-reinches m species attains a height of S5 feel with a trunk diamHer. The difference between the two species becomes readily ilist.inguislmble in The cut lumber. Red oak, as its name implies, oak. Furniture made of solid oak possesses massive beauty and strength. Borne of the period and Renaissance styles, and most of the mission styles, are executed in oak. The wood and its treatment play an important part in the proper interpretation is of a reddish color and possesses a relaiively porous grain. of the design ami effect desired. While oak is light in color and slight 1} more compact in text tire Ax interior trim oak affords a va than red oak. The grain or riety of applica figure of the oak tions. Paneled is the mark that walls of oak are tion of annual distinguishes it from all other woods. Trees grow by the addi popular for libra ries, dens, livingroams and dining rooms. These are finished, of course, ofGrain quartered oak Characteristic comb rain Vimk'lll Of nttdllh MARCH, mo ac&igUto. For all the purposes mow. fckrned plain or tpartur^awed white oak or red oak may be used. White oak is more desirable than red oak on account of its lighter color, greaterstrengfch and hardness, ana, mtturalfy, it is the more expensive. But. red oak possesses the same relative prefer. as its white brother, and its uses are just as diver. sifted. The finishing possibilities of this wot.. are excellent. It has the right demit \ and texture of grain to become an excellent iDiTicg medium and it responds readily to uva-nc -it with stains, fillers, varnishes, waxes and oils. Their use permits of a wide variety of color effects, ranging from the delicate i-rnys =u-d `Tamest to the darker . browns an.I mi Do., effects. Here, again, we find a peemlmDy of the wood; seldom if ever Ls it finished in imiiutinn of mahogany. This is nor because the wood does not lend itself to such treatment, but 11 i`:\iz is itself distinctive. All the effects applied are designed for use on this wood. Other woods it:. :ii(i: iy are finished in imitation of oak. !s ; mural finish is perhaas rhe mo.-a popular. It is used isors. furniture and office fixtures, To obtain this effect h k 1 is first filled with Du Pom Wheeler's Paste Wood Transparent), then finished with Du Pont Wheeler's , or Du Pom .Shellac and Du Pont Bridgeport `d Prepared Wax. A floor varnish is used to finish fumed finish was originally produced by subjecting: h \ to the fumes of ammonia in. n specially constructed m hoxf" Tins D an experts! w ami tedious method, pid advance in the art of wood finishings however, has ited the necessity of the fuming box, fur the effect o\v lie obtained by the use o! our fumed oak acid owed with finishing coals of Wmiderlae. This type has gained immense popularity through the modern finishing, and is i yphied by n uniform brown color, . nished in a flat or semi-gloss effect. -IlcatH grain finish h produced hy using gray acid stain, Acd by un application of Wonderlac. This effect is parttc- ising for the sun parlor, living room or bedroom, also a variety of brown effects, ranging from own to a deep mission tcine. These are produced by use of Du Pont Bridgeport Standard Penetrating ain & Waxed Finish, and may be completed with a corresponding shade of Wheeler\s Paste Wood Filler and WheokuD Varnish. Jf a smooth filled effect is not desired, the finish may be completed by apply . ing shellac and prepared wax directly over the \ stain. In order to assist those desirous of using oak for interior work, doors or furniture, our Archi tectural Service Bureau, Paint and, Varnish Division. Wilmington, Delaware, will be glad to give full particulars in regard to any type of finish, furnishing literature and finished panels so that the work contemplated maybe completed properly and satisfactorily. This service applies, no! only to the finishing of woods, hut to painting and interior deco ration in general, and carries with it no obligation. Saiiai-- S8M---- There's an air of dignity to a dining room finished m oak 12 MJ PONT MAGAZINE Midway's Midnight Sun Totally Eclipsed by Dynamite After all other means of extinguishing the spectacular gas-well fire held been abandoned, 150 pounds of dynamite conquered the blaze AN you visualize an enormous gas torch blazing 200 feet enough to prevent the gas from the well breaking through to C into tiie air with flame that could be seen for HO miles? the flame above. The heat from the flame was m intense that, Can you imagine the tremendous pressure of a gas well, in order to get the fire-lighting equipment* dose enough to be estimated at 100,000,000 cubic feet a day, discharging gas froemffective, the men had to work behind metal shields and under a easing with such force that: the noise could he heard 9 miles showers of water from 3-inch lines. away? In July of last year, in the Elk Hills district of the "The manager of the Producing Department, two ixdonels of Midway field of Cali the United States Army and the superintendent of the Midway fornia, the Standard Oil District were at Hit? Company's Hay No. f scene of the fire. The suddenly leaped to life army officers considered while being drilled and the advisability of using gassed so furiously that a 6-ineh army field- it set itself ablaze and piece for snuffing out furnished the people of the blaze, hnt decided that section with a that the flame was too spectacle..that .has. fitly large for ihe use of such been called "Midway's a gun. At this point Midnight Sum11 Un the Hivision sit \ ieri o- questionably, it was the tendent suggested the largest gas fire in the use of dynamite, his history of California theory being that after and one of the largest in the sham, mml uml the United States. water had subdued the The methods em lower flames the concus ployed to extinguish sion of the? dynamite this fire are of particular would break the stream How ihr- rtjpecl acular r as torch ippctikcri for ten nights Interest. The details of gas long enough to are quoted from the allow the flames at, the Daylight view of the bm~nirift jjaiswell before dynamiting Standard Oil Bulletin, top to burn out before through whose courtesy wo are permitted to present the the intercepted stream of gas from the well could again reach accompanying illustrations ami story: them. This plan seemed so feasible? that it was tried out, in `The well was drilling with a rotary at 2135 feet in 10-inch connection with the use of large streams of carbon tetrachloride, casing, the 121 } and 10 inch strings of casing having been on the morning of August 5, When the charge of dynamite was landed, when what appeared to be water-sand was encountered. exploded there was a deep red glow, a black pull and the big To teM. this sand for water the mud was bailed out to relieve fire was out. the pressure? and allow any water present to accumulate in the "The equipment used, which is shown diugraramatically, hole. During the course of hailing the well blow out and the consisted of 20 boilers, 21 three-inch lines, 9 four-inch lines, enormous how of gas began. 13 pumps, several large tanks, 100 barrels of carbon tetra ''The top of the 121 `-inch casing was equipped with a heavy chloride and 150 pounds of dynamite." gate-valve and it 6-mch flow-limp which extended to the side This interesting use of dynamite suggests another emergency of the derrick. The drill use in connection with ing crew attempted to fires. At the time of get the well under control the San Franebeo earth by dosing the 121 a-iuch gate-valve, but the shale quake numerous tires broke out in sections of and sharp sand earned by the stricken city where the stream of gas cut out the seat of the valve the earthquake had bro ken water-mains. The while it wm being dosed. fire -fighting department This gate having failed, was powerless to use its there was no alternative most effective weapon. other than letting the A Du Pont representa well blow until more? fil tive volunteered his serv lings could be attached. ices to the acting chief, After blowing for an who had requested that hour, the drillers said men with experience in that the 6-inch flow-line handling explosives be became red-hot for two sent to him. He realized feet at its end, due to the that the only way the fire friction of the shale and could be checked was by sand on the pipe, and it ignited the enormous stream of gas. the use of explosives. Dynamite was rushed to the city. The rep "By the usual methods of employing steam, mud and water, resentative, with full authority, directed the task of demolish the lire was extinguished for fifty feet from the ground, but the ing buildings. Three city blocks and several buildings which gas continued to burn above the effective zone of steam and stood between brick structures were: blown down, cheeking the water, as the boilers could not maintain sufficient pressure long progress of the fire, until a change of the wind saved the day. MARCH, 1920 n PATHFINDERS A Hair Omameiil De Luxe Ornamental hair combs were to vogue whm our great grandmothers attended balls and danced the minuet. The con temporary patterned shawls and hoopskim <>f that day have long since disappeared, but the crowiling beauty of the hack-comb is such that Fashion has decreed to revive its popularity. In the olden days combs were made of bone, tortoise shell, silver and gold--sometimes studded with precious gems. The comb you see illustrated has all the grace of line found in those of a hundred years ago. You would lay a bet that it was wrought out of tortoise shell. But it isn't.. The comb is made of Pyralin, although no one would suspect it even upon close exam ination. It came to us as an Import from the land where one is accustomed to picture the beautiful Senortta with a rose between her pearly teeth and a comb in her coal black hair. Just now fashionable shops are showing a variety of combs in every shape, size and design, but all of them carry to some extent the Spanish motif. In London, too, it is reported that ornamental combs -of enormous size and exquisite patterns arc being worn by beautifully gowned women. Pyralin is bringing the backTM comb back. Their First Problem A young couple, just starling in house keeping in a Mew England town, experi enced some trouble in placing their furniture. They had purchased mahog any furniture for the dining-room, and the expressman had just delivered Aunt Esther's wedding present, a serving table--finished in golden oak. How to make use of the serving t able was a problem; it did not harmonize with the mahogany at all. Should it be discarded? The practical young man was loach to do this and sought the advice of a friend who recommended reiiuLshing the table. So he submitted the problem to a paint dealer "You pan easily change the golden oak finish to mahogany," re marked the dealer with a smile, ns he handed out a small can of Brown Ma hogany Stain Finish. `Musi, apply two coats of this material to the table," he added, "and your problem will Vie solved." The young man did so and the result was a finished p?Y*re of beautiful ma hogany-colored furniture quite in keeping with the buffet, extension table, china closet and chairs. "A road isri'l necessarily the right rouil because it is wel l jheateiF; some one remarked. Pal blinders travel litem only to locate tlieir points of depar ture, There must, be a belter way! So I hey seek it--and find it--and write their names in bolder type on history's page. There are well-known uses for Du Pont products; and then there are scores of uses that few people know about. Some one has discovered them out of the beaten paths. If you have found the better way we have space on this page to record your findings.--Editor* Proh-ninji Job Travoiorri In most well-organized factories the job order has become? indispensable to insure co-ordination of work and practical efficiency. Each job must have its written, order, and each order must travel with the job until it is finished. So these orders are sometimes re ferred 1 o as job travelers. Theytravelthrough foun dries and machine shops; they are handled by work men with greasy hands, and, naturally, they get soiled, dirty, illegible, a condition that results fre quently in delays and costly errors. A. mid-western automobile factory has remedied this trouble by a protective device which is a flexible card holder made with a back of Fabrikold or rubbercoated cloth and a front of Transparent Pyralin Sheeting. The back is turned over the edge of the? sheeting and stitched down as shown in the accompanying illustration. When the ticket is inserted in the pocket, like a letter in a window envelope, the order detail is always kept legible, and as the holder itself is proof against water, grease and stains, the ticket conus through untorn, unsoiled and in lit c ondition for filing. Job travelers are also made visible on both front and back sides by substituting a piece of Transparent Pyralin Sheeting lor the Fabrikold hack piece, but this is necessary only when the job ticket is printed on both sides and contains essential information for the workmen. Automobile companies find it profitable to use a portion of their scrap Pyralin and Fahrikoid for making these useful factory accessories. And Now Bathing Shoes Right now at Palm Beach and later on at Al.kint.to Oily you may see them-- black, blue, green and red bathing shoes of Fahrikoid. You need not look for any _ onestyle/or ] references vary. Bathing Shoes may be had S in bools, oxfords and onestraps. The dainty Annette KoJlcrmann you meet on the beach will probably be wearing the kind that in her judgment is I he mast becoming. You're familiar, of course, with the older types of bathing shoes, from ordi nary tennis stoics ami worn-out dancing pumps to the ultra-ultra satin and sateen beach slippers with their canvas soles, made specially for the purpose, and priced accordingly; but if you're looking for all the elegance and style of the higher- priced satins In a moderate-priced shoe, the Philadelphia-made product, known as Bun Fast Bathing Shoes, will likely be your choice. The uppers are made of heavy-weight Fabrikold, which retains its shape, because it m impervious to moisture, and never loses its original color, because the color pigments are sealed into the pyroxylin coating, which is not. affected either by the action of sun or salt water. Moreover, the Fabrikold is grease- resisting, dustproof, sanitary and readily eloaimhle. Your Patent Leathers The polished surface of the best of patent leather shoes will crack; for the surface Is an enamel--and manufacturers haven't yet been aide to produce an enamel that will withstand continued bending strains. Over the instep cracks are more* likely to appear than itl any other place, and, unfortunately, that is a con spicuous part of the shoe But don't throw away a good pair of shoes just because n crack develops. So king as the crack doesn't extern! through the leather itself, there's no reason for despair. Some one has dis covered that if u little Du Pout Leather licnewer is applied over the crack the shoes are made presentable again. This leuihcr renewer can also ho used to renovate worn, diseolored or shabby upholsteries for automobiles, automobile tops, handbags and other a ri.ides, whether they are made of leather or leather sul>stituios. It produces n waterproof, glossy, black finish that will not rub off, and it is easily applied, if the user will follow the simple directions given on the package. u DU PONT MAGAZINE Wrecking Shipwrecks With Dynamite How Uncle Sam's submarine divers treat the ships of misfortune in the interest of safe navigation ROBABLY mop.i readers I urn* delimit' idea* about, the this vessel, which was of heavy construction. On account of its Puses of dynamite on land, such an blasting mm-stinnps, position directly in Baniegat lnk*t, in comparatively shallow ditches and boulders on the surface and coal and mineral water, the vessel hail to he destroyed completely. *>res in nmte workings far below. Also, during the war, when At the same time the Sumner was being removed, the Sait Gorman submarines were preying on the passenger and cargo Saha, a vessel 300 feet long, with a gross tonnage of 245* ions, boats of the Allies, emery mic read the thrilling newhuapor was also being blasted to pieces. This unfortunate ship was lories of the use of high-explosive- bomb* dropped from am nia ties and depl h bombs dropped from submarine destroyers. But. how many people know about Shiv under-valor use of sunk by a submerged mine in the fid! of 191s, with the loss fd' twenty-eight lives. The wreck lay in thirteen fathoms of wafer, ten and one-half miles from Barnegai. Light. In a single dynamite for desi roving derelicts and wrecks that menace navigation along the Alfamic Co h k IV The most troublesome phase of blowing up a derelict at sea is to rind it when you want to but not unexpectedly. Smne 1 ones only a spar is visible above the water to indi cate the presence of the submerged hull that any passing ship may rant to its o u t . destruction. Wmd and waves, tides and mi i urrents froqiu^nt 1 v .*. " y Mich derelicts hundred. = ! miles before die wre : hr-; crew can locate it : explode the charge Bun will .send it safely to I >n y .loins' locker. day this wreck was removed by the use of 1550 pounds of 80 per cent gelatin dynamite. Last June another large wreck, three and one-half miles from BrigantineShoal buoy, was broken up with dynamite. It was the ill-fated steamship Aimirante, which sank following a collision with the IJ. S. Steamship Hlsco on September 8, 1918. The Aimirante, a 400-foot ship of more than 5,000 gross tons, fay in about ten fathoms of water, with the mast protruding But dttUH.ilisIniig above the water. wrecks along the Unusual conditions were encountered Atlantic ('-oast is in blowing up the Almirante, equally important The diver's investigation of the and no less inter wreck disclosed a number of esting. even if the holes in the upper deck and posit ion of the un fortunate. ship is sides of the vessel. Probably a submarine chaser or perhaps known. Frank 4. an aircraft patrol had attempted Khem, of I >el aware to destroy the wreck and had f'ii.y. Delaware, will cell you so if you ask him. lie The ill-fated Sun Saha ius it appeared! hefarw I he accident. only partially succeeded with their depth bombs and aerial bombs. On account of their is a deep-sea diver work, the removal of the wreck a n d su b m a i 1 n e was a difficult task. The shat blaster employed by the* United States Engineer Oill-e. at tered eomiiUun of the hull made it necessary to destroy the Wilmington, whose duty is to destroy wrecks tlmr menace vessel piecemeal, which required the use of pounds of navigation along the coast from Seaside Bark, New .Jersey, to Du Pont HO per cent nitroglycerin dynamite, or three limes as < 'ape Charles, Virginia. much as would ordinarily he needed. But the work was done. Take the case of the U. S. Transport Sumner, a ship 351 feet Now vessels have? a clearance of more than 55 feet.. long, with a gross tonnage of 345IS tons. About: four years ago The removal of wrecks at a distance1 from shore can be accom i his vessel was steaming north from the Panama Canal Zone to plished only in calm weather. The diver, with his charge, selects New York, carrying nearly 500 passengers, many of whom were lus position in the wreck, places the charge, and h hauled to the women. (MV Barn e-gat Shoals, New Jersey, it grounded during surface, whereupon the crew rows away, a distance of from 500 a heavy storm, and the rescue of she passengers was accom to 1500 feet. A moment later the wires are attached to the plished with extreme1 difficulty. The wreck, which lay three- blasting machine. 1 hen the blaster quickly thrusts down the eighths of a mile off shore, was a menace to fishing boats and rack-bar sending the electric current- to explode the heavy other craft, entering and leaving Barm-gat. Bay. After efforts charge within the vessel. With a roar ihe explosion throws frag had been made in vain to float the ship from its position, the ments of the wreck, iish and huge volumes of water hundreds Wilmington oflke of the l.L S. Engineering Department was of foot in the air, presenting a spectacle not unlike the geyser ordered to remove it by blasting. "Old Faithful" during one of its mightiest efforts. It is truly Dynamite was brought from Barm-gat City in December, I h i h , a wonderful exhibition of the power of dynamite. But. few hut weather conditions wore unfavorable for the work at. that, people, aside from the blasters and Hie men who direct- the lime, so the explosive was buried in a huge sand dune until work, ever have tin opportunity to see a spectacle of this kind. the weather cleared, whereupon it was exhumed, placed in Advance announcements are not made public. position and detonated with perfect results. A charge of 1:1,450 Thus the use of dynamite serves to dear the channels and pounds of (SO per cent gelatin dynamite was used to break up highways of the sea from what is, perhaps, their greatest danger. Ma r c h , enro i> Do you realize the deepseated satisfaction which Cadillaeengi neers, designers and craftsmen are deriving from rheovationthatisbeing accorded the Type 59 at the motor carshowseverywhere? It is to them a compensation for yearsof patient and pains taking devotion to an ideal, which money could not measure. It is something of the same satisfaction that conies, when recognition arrives, to the man who has produced a great play, or painted a great picture, or done any other worth-while work in which money is not the sole reward. If that seems a far-fetched comparison, remember that the men who compose this group of Cadillac craftsmen, are artists, at least, in that they cannot conceive of standards too high, or too line, for the Cadillac. They know of no goodness too good, no beauty too beautiful, to he incorporated in this car of their creating. Of course there is a sense in which they know in advance --after building more than ei gl lty thousand Cadillac cars of the same type---that their latest creation is bound to receive a royal welcome by discriminating people. Nevertheless, they are the servants of their public, and the reward is not complete until that public has said: This is the best and the most beautiful Cadillac you have built. The reward has come to them in such overwhelming measure, in Type 59, that we are moved to remind you again, that if you hope to own a Cadillac car during the year 1920, you owe it to yourself to talk with your Cadillac distributor at once. CAD 1 LLa C Aa To TO B C a R C O AA PANYf D ' T H O t T. .AA ? C H I C A N - k M DU PONT MAGAZINE Milking; On Poni N`o;iiis of i!cnioiiihr;mrt; Standard Dyes (Continued from page 5) A competent staff of demonstrators regularly call on the trade, and also keep in close touch with the work of the labora tories. In their work in the field they frequently come upon difficult technical problems. In such cases they return to the laboratory to carry out special work on these problems. Thus in definite, practical ways the Du Pont Technical Laboratory is a serv ice Institution. The company policy has always been to make quality products, and to render to its Customers a full measure of service; This laboratory has been established the better to maintain this policy as It relates to the DuPont dyestuffs industry. No finished dyestuff is offered for sale to a customer until it has been thoroughly investigated with regard to Its shade, strength, solubility and general working qualities. Each product has its own standard, or type, and absolute confor mity to this standard is required before any lot can be approved for sale. The Technical Laboratory is held responsible for the maintenance of these standards. It stands between the plant and the customer, furnishing a service that insures the high quality demanded alike by the manufacturer and by the consumer who uses the dyes. It is quite evident that the work of this Technical Laboratory, covering as it does the control of shipments, matching cus tomers' samples, working out coloring problems and supplying advertising mat ter or information for salesman and con sumer, holds a place of great Importance in the development of the dyestuff indus try in America. In widely separated sections of the country the plan of planting memorial trees in honor of the American soldiers who died in France is gaining favor. Con siderable publicity has been given to the Idea by the American Forestry Associa tion which is registering all memorial trees in a national honor roll at Washing ton and urging that our national roads be flanked with such trees to take on the character of roads of remembrance. The Botary Club of Tampa, Florida, reportsthat memorial treeswill be planted along the West Coast Road for every soldier who went into service from Hills boro County. A welfare association at Middletown, Ohio, will plant 1,000 trees along the Dixie Highway next spring. The National League for Women's Service, at Chattanooga, Tennessee, will establish a road of remembrance leading out of that city. The Women's Club of York, Pennsyl vania, will plant memorial trees along 25 miles of the Lincoln Highway in that vicinity. And in Minneapolis, a road of remem brance between two city parks is being laid out. Trees will be planted ml92I. Now, before spring opens the buds of trees, is the time to set out memorial trees. Even large trees may be dug up and transplanted while they are dormant, but after the buds have started most trees will not stand transplanting. Great care should be taken in any event to set out memorial trees in a way to insure a sturdy, vigorous development, and this, of -course,...depends...very largely.on...the., subsoil conditions where the trees are planted. If the soil be loamy and porous, trees may safely be set in spade-dug holes; but if the subsoil is hardpan or T'BE Waldorf-Astoria 1 does not rely upon the history of its greatness to attract guests. It is a greater hotel today than ever before. fefdf 'W rtrtfj ^*4.^ ftfr^ihs IfosflffsA clay, the best insurance that can be given for the thrifty growth of a memorial tree is to plant it in a hole that has been excavated with dynamite. In such holes the soil is pulverized" and loosened -to make room for a normal, healthy root system. The roots should radiate beyond the limits of the hole excavated to ac commodate it when the tree was planted. ~Cuse DU PONT ANTOXIDE for all new buildings and structural steel and iron to resist the ravages of RUST and CORROSION It is not a linseed oil preparation, but a compound of rustinhibitive pigments and a varnish-like vehicle that produces an impervious coating of high abrasion-resisting power. Made in four colors and packed in gallons, five gallons, half-barrels and barrels E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc. Sales Department, Paint and Varnish Division Wilmington, Delaware I- * s AND VARNI ' TO DEALERS We have started our coun try-wide advertising cam paign to increase the use of explosives on the farm. Get in line for the explo sive trade in your locality. Inquire of our Sales De partment for particulars. the trees planted today in honor of our heroic soldiers and sailors will have grown into beautiful, sturdy and last ing memorials if the trees are planted today in blasted ground. TREES THRIVE AND LIVE in blasted ground because the roots penetrate deeply and widely into the mellowed soil. The explosion breaks up the compact subsoil, aerates the ground and puts it into an ideal condition for root development,--the foundation for sturdy, healthy, long-living trees. Com mercial orchardists, horticulturists of national fame and widely known nurs erymen approve of planting trees in blasted ground. PLANT TODAY--BY EXPLOSIVES to insure the life of memorial trees. Nursery men, landscape gardeners and "tree doctors" have planted trees by explosives for years. It is the way to plant all trees--for all purposes. Insist on this method and get satisfaction-- now and twenty years hence. Our booklet Handbook of Explosives tells how to plant trees in blasted ground. A copy will be sent on request. E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc. Sales Department, Explosives Division WILMINGTON, DELAWARE o WORLD WAR 1917 - 1918 CHAS. M. WELLS cao j Sv 429 INF;