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HHBSBir FOUNDATION FACTS September, iyey This news-letter is issued monthly to memb companies and trade associations affiliated wi Air Hygiene Foundation. Its purpose is to rept Foundation news and activities. Air Hysrie Foundation is a partnership of Industry a science organised to protect the health of t 15 million workmen in heavy industry as Are You Missing Any Bets? A safety engineer .in e company affiliated with Air Hygiene Foundation was recently obliged to design seine exhaust equipment. He spent much time and effort looking up data, none of which proved very helpful. After the installation was com pleted -- with considerable difficulty -- the engineer chanced upon two of the Foundation's engineering bulletins, "Design of Exhaust Hoods" and "Design of Duct Work for Exhaust Systems." He complained; "Why didn't somebody toll me about these bulletins?" "Why they're exactly what I wanted!" Tho bulletins were available in his organisation all the time, gathering dust on someone's shelf. Tho engineer didn't know such bulletins existed, didn't know his company was a member of the Foundation, didn't know what services the Foundation affords. Costly cases such as this are all too common. Dr. H.B. Meller, Managing Director, urges Foundation members to "cash in" on the value of their memberships. Inform all interested individuals in your company of your membership in Air Ifygione Foundation and the services they can derive through this membership. A circular describing these services is enclosed. Additional copies are available for distri bution through your organization, for bulletin board posting, etc. Incidentally, do you have a complete file of Foundation bulletins? Publication lists are furnished upon request. (See July issue INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, pp. 324-25, for a good account of the Foundation's activities during tho past year). Plans Progressing for Annual Meeting Plans arc progressing for the 4th annual meeting of Air Hygiene Foundation to be held at Mellon Institute, Pittsburgh, November 14-15. The wealth of important information for presentation forces expansion of the program from a one-day to a twoday conference this year. The program is being keyed to the thane, "Healthy Workmen Make for Healthy Business." Technical data include: Reports on Foundation's engineering research at Harvard by Philip Drinker, Chairman of the Preventive Engineering Committee; reports on Foundation's medical research ot The Saranac Laboratory and University of Pennsyl vania by Dr. L.U. Gardner and Dr. E.P. Pendergrass, respectively. Reports on latest developments in employee health protection by Dr. A.J. Lanza, Chairman of Medical Committee. Dr. Lanza will also preside at a symposium on absenteeism which will develop measures for use of member companies in reducing lost time through illness. On the managements, side, Andrew Fletcher, Vice President of St. Joseph Load Company, will point out specific dollar-and-conts savings resulting from proper health precautions. V.P. Ahearn, Executive Secretary, National Industrial Sand Association, is tv. preside at a forum designed to show the importance of employee health in all employer-employee relationships, the impact of health on labor and community relatione. The.dure C. Waters of the Foundation's Legal Committee will discuss legal trends and devolonmcnt:: of 1939 affcctinr: industrial hygiene. 03117968 AIR HYGIENE FOUNDATION 4460 FIPTM AVENUE PITTSBURGH. PA HH8B-0008081 Mr Hygiene Foundation cf 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. September 13, 1939 America, lac., CBS TO RECENT LITERATURE ON INDUSTRIAL DISEASES (.A) Nev.'S Items 521 FOURTH SILICOSIS DYIITOSIUM. ABSTRACTS OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH MEETING AT SARANAC LAKE, N.Y., TUNE 19-23, 1939. Industrial Medicine, 8, 354-61 (August <r?\ 1939). The Fourth Silicosis Symposium covers a broader scope than the fonaer meetings, including medical and engineering phases of silicosis generally, followed by results of studies of various types, and concluding with the discussion of the administrative, inruranco and compensation aspects of the subject. Excellent abstracts of the various papers appear in the above issue of Industrial Medicine and those interested in the subject are referred to that publication. The fro- ecedings of the meeting, to be published later in the year, will make a valuable addition to any industrial hygiene laboratory. More detailed inforaation %J to the date of publication, address at which to obtain it, and price will b# given in next month's abstracts. Complete abstracts of all papers will also be given here upon printing of the proceedings. 622 THIRD ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM, DEPARTMENT CF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, NORTHWESTERN UNIVER SITY MEDICAL SCHOOL. The Department is conducting its Third Annual Symposium on Industrial Disease and Hygiene on September 25 and 26, 1939, at Thorne Hall, Chicago Campus. Re gistration is limited to physicians, industrialists, safety engineers, hygien ists, personnel and industrial relations managers. The scientific sessions in clude discussions of the following subjects: non-tuborculous pulmonary diseases, kidney diseases of mid-life, soap as an agent in industrial dematitis, weldinggas and electric, and a discussion of common bsneficient uses of some poisonous metals and alkaloids. All the spoakers are v/oll known authorities in their fields. The registration fee for the two-day scientific program is $5.00 with an additional $3.50 for the banquet session at the end of the meeting. (3) Papers on Dust, Dust Diseases and General Industrial Hygiene 523 CLAUDE BERNARD'S WORK ON EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMOCONIOSIS. G. Rosen. Bull. Hist. Med., 2. 412-16 (April 1939). This is an interesting short paper on Bernard's experimental work in the 1890's. Bernard -,vas unsuccessful in experiments on rabbits over whose heads ho attached bladders containing coal dust. At the end of several days' exposure the animals were killed but dust particles could only bo found in the nasal chambers and nene were found in the larynx and there was no black pigmentation in the lungs. Bernard attributed this tc the filtering action of the upper respiratory tract. As others pointed out a few years later, Bernard's animals wore not exposed long enough to produce an accumulation of dust in the lungs. 03117969 <3 JZ< References to Recent Literature - 2 624 SILICOSIS PREVENTION. DUST CONTROL IN FOUNDRIES. Division of Labor Standards, U.S. Dept, of Labor Bulletin (No Number) 25 pp. (1939). For sale by Superinten dent of Documents, Washington, D. C. Price 10 cents. Silicosis control in foundries can be accomplished by two methods, both of vital importanco. First, preventing dust generated by industrial operations from enter ing the working atmosphere; accomplished by effective local exhaust, dust collect ing systems, and wet methods. Second, by a number of foundry practices, includ ing good industrial housekeeping, isolating dusty operations, and integrating dust control with production. This bulletin deals with simple, inexpensive methods and practices of dust control and does not describe elaborate systems that are row commercially available. It has been said that good housekeeping is the cheapest single effective dust-control measure. A number of operating prac tices are given which, if carried cn with the dust hazard in mind, will aid in reducing foundry workers' exposure to silica aust. 625 PATHOLOGY CF PNEUMOCONIOSIS, di Biasi. Deutsch. med. Wchnschr., 65, 369-372 (1939). (German). The author is connected with one of the largest hospitals in tho Ruhr coal mining area and has had a very wide experience. He stresses the fact that so far as wo know, coal dust does not cause fibrosis: tho eo-calied anthracotic fibrosis is either a silicotic fibrosis rich in coal du~t or is scar tissue of other origin, loaded with coal dust. Also there is not sufficient evidence that silicates pro duce fibrotic tissue. The author continues with a description of the patholog ical and anatomical alterations following inhalation of quartz dust and a state ment regarding their development. It is important to realise that early silico sis can develop with.-ut further exposure, aitbugh it may do so very slowly. An example is cited of a man dying of silicosis 20 years after exposure had ceased. This is explained by the fact that colloidal silicic acid is gradually evolved from tiny dust foci, ,-.nd thon leads to silicotic changes. 626 SILICOSIS, A CLINICAL AND ROENTGENOLOGICAL STUDY. A. Bernard-Silorata. Rass. Med. Industr., 1, 73-117 (February 1939). (Italian). Case histories of 19 male workers v.ith varying degrees of infection are given, with an account of the various difficulties of interpretation and diagnosis of the pulmonary lesions, all or a part of which were caused by inhalation of silica dust. The kind and duration of tho patients' work is commented upon in connec tion with the x-rays. Most interest is centered on the cases of silicosis with tuberculosis. The author points out the possibility that less advanced cases may be confused due to the term used ''silicosis with infection" and suggests that "silicosis with danger" or "silicosis without danger" would be preferable. :27 QUANTITATIVE SPECTROGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF SILICON IN THE BLOOD. C. Richter. Arbeitsschut2, 141-144 (1939). (Genian). The author describes carefully the analytical procedure. She examined tho blocd of 30 persons, 12 young men of various occupations, 7 invalid silicotic miners, 4 other silicotic minors and 7 other workers of whom 4 were silicotic. The sili con content found ves cumewhat higher than that heretofore reported--3 to 28 zag. silicon per 100 cc. blood--and was a little lower in the silicotics than in the others. The author adds that additional work is needed. 628 SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX IN ANTHRACOSILICOSIS. M. F. Sokoloff and J. T. Farrell, Jr. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 112, 1564-66 (April 22, 1939). The authors compare the- incidence of spontaneous pneumothorax (the presence of air or gas in the pleural cavity) in simple and in complicated pneumoconiosis. Of 507 anthracite ccal miners, .-ill incapacitated, by chronic pulmonary disease and all having anthracosilicosis, 308 (60.7^i) had a coexistent tuberculosis; one 03117970 0008087 S' <c = References to Recent Literature - 3 r ec (9 had a metastatic pulmonary carcinomatosis; and 199 wore uncomplicated. In the 2 entire series of casco studied, 22 cases of spontaneous pnouscthorax (4.3$) wore found, 8 having second- and 12 third-stage anthracosilicosis. Fourteen occurred in association with tuberculosis. Seven wore found among those having {a simple pneumoconiosis, and one in the case v.lth carcinoma. Intense dyspnea, a :* senso of impending suffocation, severe pain in the chest, a feeling of constric-* tion on the affected .aide and shock were symptoms present in many cases; small collections of r.ir produced no symptoms and the- condition was discovered only by routine x-ray. Roentgonoiogically, the condition must be distinguished from emphysematous biebs and FuLnonary cysts. While emphysema, blob formation, and pleural adhesions arc always present in nnthracosilicosis and are factors which greatly favor the development of pneumothorax, and while the frequent coexistence cf tuberculosis ana the severe accompanying cough further predispose to pleural accidents, this effect ic greatly decreased by tho always present thickened vis ceral pleura which resists tearing or perforation and thus offers an actual pro tection against the formation of pneumothorax. This explains the low incidence cf ploural perforations (4.3?,) in this group of .anthracite coal miners with enthracosilicositf. 629 MULTIPLE GIANT BULLAE ASSOCIATED "TTH ASKfSACOBILICOSIS. E.R. Wiese, C.A. Heiken and Robert Charr. Am.J. Roer.tg, *. Radium Ther., 4, 136-91 (August 1939). A case is presented of multir.le giant bullae (large blisters or vesicles filled v.lth fluid) of the lung associated with nnthracosilicosis which was observed by the authors over a period of several years. They boliove the case to be uttiquo because of the multiplicity and the size of the bullae, which could readily have been mistaken for spontaneous pneumothorax. Diagnosis was confiiaed by gross post-mortem findings and microscopic examination. The importance of differential diagnosis betv.-ccr. bvlioe and pneum..thorax is emphasized and a discussion is given of the two conditions in connection with emphysema of tho lungs. 630 AN X-RAY STUDY OF THE LUNGS OF WORKMEN IN THE ASBESTOS INDUSTRY COVERING A PERIOD OF TEN YEARS. A.U. George ur.d R.D. Leonard. Radiology. 33, 196-202 (August 1939). The authors discusu sene of the conclusions thoy have reached aftor on extensive experience examining asbestos workers. Each industry or occupation 3hould be studied by itaelf because the hazards of each vary greatly. The most important variable with occupation is the percentage of free silica in the dust which can cause the development of a silicotic condition in addition to the asbestotic one. The authors are of the opinion that asbestosis is not a progressive disease after the individual has bean removed from ti.e dust hazard. They feund also that the disease has no causal relation to tuberculosis. Unlike silicosis, X-ray appearance of tuberculosis and asbestosis are quite different. They found no clinical findings pathognomonic of asbestosis ana state that diagnosis of asbes tosis must depend alone on X-ray evidence. 631 PULMONARY ASBESTOSIS. V. A REPORT OF BRONCHIAL CARCINOMA AND EPITHELIAL META PLASIA. K.M. Lynch and W.A. Smith. Am. J. Cancer. 36, 567-73 (August 1939). The authors present tho case history of a patient with pulmonary asbestosis and carcinoma and, in addition, make a contribution to the statistics on the incidence of carcinoma and asbestosis. During the past 12 years in 2343 consecutive necropsies (36 cases of asbestosis among them) the incidonce of carcinoma was 0.30t, Omitting the asbestosis oases the incidence was 0.21$. Among the asbes tosis cases (35 in number) the incidence was approximately 6$ (2 cases), but the statistical value of these figures is questionablo because of the small numbers. The authors -also note the observation that advanced asbestosis may lead to bron chial epithelial meta?la3is uf a type encountered in other locations where cy lindrical epithelium may give rise to squamous-cell carcinoma. 03117971 .1 'C> _< References to Recent Literature - 4 532 A5EEST03IS, E.7J. Baader. Deutsch. med. Wcfcnschr., 6, 407-408 (1939), (German). A abort but excellent description of the origin, clinical aspects and diagnosis cf pulmonary asbestosis. Asbestos warts and lung cancer of asbestos workers arc discussed. It is comparatively rare to find asbestosis complicated by pulmonary tuberculosis in Germany. 633 TUBERCULOSIS IN INDUSTRY. A.R. Riddell. Canadian Pub. Health J. 30, 156-160 (March 1039). The author concludes that ''although the relation of certain occupations to the occurrence of tuberculosis is1 somewhat disquieting, industry in general does net constitute a monace in this respect." He states that "industrialization has sc raised the general standards of living as co more than counteract any adverse influence which specific industries exert." Insurance reports indicate a higher death rate rxicng industrial as contrasted with non-industrial groups in the same community. The influences, which may exart ui adverse effect on an industry's tuberculosis rating are iiscussed, particularly posture and overcrowding. The results of surveys of overcrowded plants are revealing. The importance of tuber culosis in relation to silicosis is illustrated by observations on a series of 375 cujoj which occurred in Ontario during the past 10 years and one. group in ;ne of the northern mining camps, where the transmission of tuberculosis tc con tacts was particularly noted. The economic aspect of tuberculosis exerts a se vere strain cn tho cctnr.uL.it/ ana industry, and the results of treatment so far as the individual workman is concerned are not encouraging, few ore ever again permanently self-supporting. The necessity of preventive measures for early detection of cases i3 pointed out. Such measures should include chest roentgen ograms, supplemented by laboratory facilities. 634 TUBERCULOSIS AND CAISSON DISEASE. J. Am. Mod. A3scc. {Queries and minor notes) 112, 1990 (May 13, 1939). A man who had an attack of caisson disease made 'a Imost complete recovery. At that time his lungs were noimal although no roentgenograms were taken. A year later the man developed active tuberculosis. The reply states that there is no logical connection between these two conditions; it is quite possible that pro symptom tuborculosis was present originally but not detected. 635 A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO DUST IN THE MINING AND MILLING OF PYR0PHELLITE. H.F. Easom, M.F. Trice and C.C. Carpenter. Division of Industrial Hygiene, North Carolina State Board of Health and North Carolina Industrial Com mission, Bulletin, 100 pp. (February 1939). For sole by tho Division, Raleigh, N. C. Price 50 cents. Pyrophyllite is a natural hydrous aluminum silicate containing 2055 alu&ina, 7455 silica--of which from 25$ to 35$ is quartz. It is employed in the manufacture of rubber goods, textiles, roofing paper, soap, paint, toilot preparations, and ceramic products. Exposure of workmen in mining and milling processes, which are inherently dusty occupations, constitutes a serious hazard and many of thee develop a lung condition designated as pneisnocoaiools. Tho pyrophyllito dust causes a pulmonary fibrosis v'hich appears on the x-ray film as massive t\saorlike shadows bilaterally situated in tho subapical roglon or as granular dens ities throughout tho lungs. Emphysema is common and nodulation rare. The path ology appears to bo permanent and tends to progress. Tuberculosis is not neces sarily a complicating factor. The examinations reported here cover 101 present and former employees; 35$ of those with 2 years or more oxposure showed evidence cf lung pathology. The Bulletin ol3o includes methods for dust control, numerous reproductions of X-rays and microphotographs and many plant and mine scenes. 03117972 HMBB-00080 HMBB-00080^ References to Recent Literature - 5 636 OCCUPATIONAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS OF MORTALITY. M. Greenwood. Brit. Med. J., pp. 862-6 (April 29, 1939). (British). This Chadwick lecture is based upon the occupational decennial reports of the Registrar-General with special reference to the last of these reports which deals with the years 1930-2. The first of the series was the work of William Farr in 1851. ills successors Ogle, Tatham and Stevenson, each in hi3 turn added something to the method and value of the reports. In the hands of Dr. Stocks the latest report contains many now and important characteristics. The primary object throughout has been to show the influence exerted by occupation upon health, as measured by mortality. Industrial diseases have thus been exposed, in particular those duo to inhaling dust, of which silicosis is the outstanding example. By grouping occupations into great social classes the influence of prosperity or want is displayed; and this influence is further established now by including information about the wives of occupied men. Clearly, if both tho wives and the men exhibit a similar tendency to succumb to some cause of death, v;e cannot fairly ascribe this tendency to 3ome occupational exposure of the man. We have rather to study the social and geographical environment in which the wives share. Here the density factor known as housing, still plays an important part, even though less manifest than in the days of Simon and Chadwick. We haTe to rely even today upon mortality to measure good or evil influences, as we sadly lack information concerning morbidity, and means for correlating sickness with occupational factors. 637 OCCUPATIONAL MORTALITY: THE REGISTRAR-GENERAL1 S DECENNIAL SUFFLMBir, ENGLAKD AND WALES, 1931. Editorial, Am. J. Cancer, 36, 110-116 (May 1939). This edlorlal makes available in an American journal some of the results of the excellent study made by the Registrar-General's office. (Sec preceding abstract,) Tables aro presented shoving standardized morbidity ratios at agos 35 to 65 for cancers of various sites by sox, social class and by marital status for the females. Some of the discussions and conclusions from the original article are quoted. 638 DISABLING MOREIDITY AMONG EMPLOYEES IN THE SOAP INDUSTRY, 1930-34. H.P. Brinton and H.E. Seifert. U.S. Public Health Reports, 54, 1301-16 (July 21, 1939). This paper deals with sickness and nonindustrial injuries causing disability lasting 8 calender days or longer among persons engaged in tho soap industry. The annual number of casos per 1000 was 76.0 for males, 98.1 for females, while the annual number of days of disability per person was 2.70 and 3.41, respective ly. The average number of days per case was 35.5 among males and 34.8 among females. Frequency rates by occupation among males ranged from 31.8 for office workers to 134.9 for soap handlers and process laborers. High rates were asso ciated with stronuous manual labor and low rates with white-collar and super visor/ occupations. 639 THE AGE BREAK IN THE INDUSTRIAL POPULATION OF RECKLINGHAUSEN. H. Niewohner. Arc. f. Hyg., 122, 1-19 (1939). (Gonnan). The laborer reaches his working peak at 40 years. In Geroany today there is a great deal of interest in this "age break" and possible methods of delaying it. It is not known how much weight to assign to natural physiological aging, and how much of the process is duo to the years of hard work preceding the break. The author presents statistical material on tho age breaks among miners and among persons not perforating manual labor, but many of his conclusions aro not well founded. If a more thorough comparison had been made with other groups, it would be found that many of his conclusions would apply to all workers and not only to miners. 03117973 y808000~88f!N References to Recent Literature - 6 640 THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT AND ITS RELATION TO OTHER PERSONNEL ACTIVITIES. H.W, Lawrence. Ind. Med. 8, 342-7 (August 1939). Compensation laws, benefit plans, sick and accident insurance, are all bringing to the employer tie realization, in a financial way, that human failure is a matter of cost in a manner very similar to machine cost. This is why -che med ical departments have assumed so much importance during the past few years. It is t brought the medical department that the best relationships can be built up between employee and employer. The medical department has a vital interest in workmen's compensation cases, in industrial and public relations, in employment and rehabilitation, in preventive activities of the safety and health department and in the training and educational departments. Industrial physicians must be well trained and capable not only in medical practice but in htsaan relations as well. 641 WATCHING OVER HEALTH. A.G. Hammer. Nat. Safety News, 40, 34, 35, (September 1939). The industrial physician makes his chief contribution toward a higher health level in ths employees through complete physical examinations. A program for employee examination is proposed and described in this paper. 642 DUST IN CSMEHT PLANTS. *. Anselm. Zoncnt, 28, 15-21, 30-35 (1939). (German). The discussion includes the sources of cement dust, methods of collection and precipitation, distribution of particle sizos, distances carried in normal klr currents, etc. A study of the health of the cement plant workers showed twt none had acquired active or inactive pulmonary tuberculosis during decade* ot exposure to the dust. Sir.ce cement dust does not contain free silica* tout rather calcium silicates which are strongly alkaline in reaction, this du4 seems to have exhibited protective effects. 643 THE CEMENT BURN. J. M. Meherin and T.P. Schciaaker. J. An. Med. Assoc., 112. 1322-1326 (April 8, 1939). The author finds the literature on cement burns meager. He presents In a table an average composition of Portland cement (lime 62$, silica 22$, etc.) and con crete (gravel 55$, sand 29$, cement 9>9, water 8$), The pH of cement In solution varies between 11.b and 12. Five definite factors occur in the production of the bum: (1) abrasive action while manipulating concrete, (2) friction, (3) heat of solution, (4) narked hygroscopic action, and (5) alkaline corrosive action. Sixty cases ore reported which had a total disability of 640 days, or an average of 10 days each and an avorage treatment of 14 days each; seven re quired hospitalization, of which 6 were infected although infections occurred in a. total of 13 cases. Pain was the chief symptom bringing the patient eo ths doctor's office. Cement burns are theoretically preventablo by the use of dry boots and gloves, frequently changed, showers and compulsory bathing, and the application of heavy petrolatum where practical. Treatment consists in prompt lavage with water, never with chemical neutralizers. The crust which foias is usually loosened within 24 hours by soothing ointment, leaving a fairly clean, ragged but simple ulcer. Once clean granulations appear, cod liver oil in oint ment proved satisfactory. 644 AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE AS AN ANALYTICAL TOOL FOP. THE LOCALIZATION OF MINERALS IN BIOLOGICAL TISSUES. G.H. Scott and D.M. Packer. Anatom. Record, 74, 17-29 (May 25, 1939). The apparatus is described and illustrated. Its principles and application to the examination of biological tissues are discussed. 03117974 HMBB-0008P References to Recent Literature - 7 645 DETERMINATION OP THE FINENESS OP PORTLAND CEMENT. NOTES ON THE WAGNER TURBIDI METER. T.W. Parker and R. W. Nurse. J. Soc. Chem. Ind., 57^, 436-438 (1938). (3ritish). The authors describe some modifications of the American Wagner turbidimeter apparatus and methods. The British Standard sieve No. 300 (separation at 70 microns) is used with 1.0 gm. of cement and 250 cc. of kerosene in the determin ation of sieve residue. In the preparation of the suspension 0.3 mg. of cement is made into a paste with 5 drops of oleic acid and 5 drops of kerosene on a polished porcelain tile, then made up to the standard volume with kerosene; a mechanical rotary shaker for the settlement coll is substituted for manual shak ing; a Cambridge Unipivot microammeter with a range of 0.60 microamperes is used in the determination of the turbidity. A standard sample of cement obtained from the Bureau of Standards showed a specific surface of 1890 sq.cm, per gm. by the above modified method, as compared with 1900 reported by the Bureau. 646 DETERMINATION OF THE -SPECIFIC SURFACE OF POWDERS. II. P.C. Canaan. J. Soc. Chem. Ind. 58, 1-7, (1939) (British). The permeability method for specific surfaces of powders is shown to give an accuracy of 5# on particles down to an average size of 2-3 microns, independent of their shape and size distribution. The limitations of the method and its merits compared to alternative methods are discussed. The method was previously described by the author in the first paper of the series, noted in Abstract 35, 1939. It is the only one of the available methods -which gives accurate measure ment of small size particles, the size range which makes the largest contribution to numbers and total surface of powders or dusts. 647 CLEANING AND STERILIZING GOGGLES AND RESPIRATORY EQUIPMENT. National Safety Council, Industrie! Data Sheet No. D. Gen. 16. Nat. Safety Newt, 40, 36 (Au gust 1939). The principal hazards of unclean equipment are infection, denaatitis and raehes cue to contact with the contaminated surfaces. Cleanliness insures the preven tion of these conditions and insures proper operation of valves, filters, screens, etc. The method recommended in cleaning material of rubber, metal, plastic, tex tile, leather or fabric construction is scrubbing in a warm soap and water solu tion. The use of solvents such as carbon tetrachloride, gasoline and naphtha is not recommended. Several methods of sterilization are suggested, the one to be followed depending on the type of material. A mmber of other pertinent sugges tions regarding the use and care of respirators is included. 648 ABC's 0? INDUSTRIAL DUST CONTROL. PART II. TYPES OF FR0BLSMS ENCOUNTERED. Roy P. Warren. Occupational Hazards and Safety, 1^ 11-3 (August 1939). Regarding reasons for the installation of dusT control equipment, industry might be divided Into two groups: first, those to whom the search for dust control is retroactive, or who have suffered financial loss from litigation, fires, explo sions; second, those desiring only increased quality, reduction of losses or gain in operating facilities. It is pointed out that the reasons of those in the second group are just as important and beneficial as those of the first group. The great increase in the Installation of dust control equipment has been due in a large measure to the realization on the part of management that the equipment usually pays for itself by one means or another. 649 AN ALL-GLASS FLOWMETER WITH INTERCHANGEABLE ORIFICES. Chem. k Indus., 58, 514515 (May 27, 1939). (British). Describes and illustrates a flowmeter of detailed construction that is easily cleaned and filled. 03117975 References to Recent Literature - 8 HUBB-0008088 650 ADEQUATE VENTILATION AS A PROFIT BUILDER. Fred. Merish. Steel, 3 pp. (July 10 1939). ' During a recent study of ventilation in industrial plants, 70# of the plants visited were found to be using some fom of obsolete or inadequate ventilating system. Industrial ventilation is an important part of plant operation that management has many times overlooked. _There are numerous evidences of increased production, reduced cost, and better product in addition to better working con ditions that have been brought about by comparatively inexpensive installations of certain types of ventilating equipment. Installations should bo supervised by expert ventilating engineers as the problems connected with them are sometimes more difficult than appear on the surface. '(('Ill'll 651 EFFECTIVE EC-IA.U3T CY3T3AS. J.M. Kane. Nat. Safety News. 40, 26-7, 70. (August 1939). In many cases exhaust systems when installod are not completely satisfactory because certain basic concepts are not clearly understood or the importance of some details not fully appreciated. Major items in this category are: (1) the proper U3e of blast gates in the branch ducts; (2) the factors involved in pro viding for additional future capacity; (3) necessary specifications for design and installation of systems; and (4) the hazard from recirculation of cleaned air from dust collectors removing injurious dusts. (C) Papers on Industrial Poisons. Cancer, Dematitis, etc. j 652 TEE PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SMALL AMOUNTS OF LEAD: AN EVALUATION OF THE LSftD HAZARD OF THE AVERAGE INDIVIDUAL. A.S. Minot. Physiol. Rev. 18, 554-577 (October 1930). This is an excellent summary of recent investigations in regard to load poison ing. It covers briefly most of the important problems related to the stibjeot, such as distribution of load, a survey of normal load exposures, sources of "normal" lead, ind the like. There is then a discussion of the amount of lead causing poisoning, and the methods of absorption. There is also a discussion of the biochemical and chemical action of lead on the body. The article is prac tically entirely a summary of the existing literature and as such is extremely well written, with the important references and, on the whole, a good evaluation of divergent points of view. As it is written by on investigator who has con tributed valuable material to the problem, it is a very convenient way to become readily ana authoritatively conversant with the present knowledge* 653 PATHOLOGIC CHANGES IN RATS AND IN DOGS FED DIETS CONTAINING LEAD AND ASSBCC COMPOUNDS. COMPOUNDS USED: LEAD ARSENATE, ARSENIC TRIOXEDE, CALCIUM ARSENATE, .'ND LEAD ACETATE. L.L. Firmer and H.O.. Calvery. Arch, of Pathol. 27. 433-46 (March 1939). This paper gives a preliminary and incomplete report of experiments that were carried out on young rats and dogs. Lead and arsenic compounds were added to on otherwise normal diet. The positive gross and microscopic findings were as follows: The rats that received 1.28 gm. of lead acetate over a period of 6 to 7 weeks were undernourished and the hair was dull. There was an. average decrease of 17# in h'encglobin accompanied by a decrease in the number of red and white colls. Basophilic stippling was observed in the rod cells. The weight of kid ney, spleen and heart was increased. The long bones were fragile. Microscopic study revealed a heavy deposit of lead in all the bones. Animals receiving 3.53 mg. of load arsenate ovor a period of 10 to 12 weeks wore essentially nor mal on macroscopic and microscopic examination. Rat3 given 107 mg. of arsenic trioxide over a period of 6 weeks showed hyperplasia of bone marrow. Rata given 107 mg. of calcium arsenate over a period of 6 to 7 weeks showed edema of the 03117976 References to Recent Literature - 9 abdominal subcutaneous tissue and an increase in weight of spleen and kidney, 13 and 31# respectively. Dogs whose intake of lead acetate averaged 1.5 mg. per kg. per day showed signs of an invclvment of the central nervous system. The tooth were spotted and the bones showed a deposit of lead. In the dogs receiv ing loss lead acetate, .0.33 mg. per day, there wore no central nervous system symptoms. The bones were found to be brittle and there was a decrease in the size of marrow cavity. Kidney changes were present. The authors concluded that small amounts of lead and arsenic added to the diet acted as tissue poisons. 654 BASOPHILIA AFTER DRINKING LEAD-CONTAINING WATER. A. Winkler and K. Yiicsbrock. Ztschr. f. Kyg. u. Infect. 121. 433-37 (1939). (Geman). The authors examined the blood of school children in two villages. In the first village the water contained up to 2.3 mg./l. whereas in the second, where the water was filtered, only small amounts were found. In the latter village only 9 children's blood showed 300-500 punctate erythrocytes per million, and 3C9 had values below 3C0. In the first village 13.9# of the chilarenhad 300-500, 6.4# had 500-1000, and 4# had over 1000. The highest value found was 2300. 655 CO.'TTRQL OF LEAD IN THE STEEL PLANT. E.D. Martin. Metal Progress, 35, 457-63 (May 1939). * Lead, in concentrations as low as 0.2.5% in steel, imparts to the metal certain beneficial qualities without the sacrifice of ossential properties. The manu facture ar.d use of the lead-steel alloys has lod to the necessity of adopting certain rules pertaining to hygienic conditions in the plants. The first pgrt of this papor is devoted to the elementary principle of lead absorption and?lead poisoning in the body, following which is a discussion of the air sampling apparatus and technic that are generally used. In one particular plant lead sea- pies at a number of points showed the most hazardous locations where it wan necessary to install local exhaust ventilation to bring the average exposure below dangerous levels. Measurements were made out-of-doors also to estimate possible atmospheric pollution by the steel plant. The result of the surrey and the application of the methods of dust and ftmte control showed that it is not unreasonably expensive to control an occupational hazard. A succeeding article is to tell of the problems involved in the plants of users of leaded steal, such as in welding, burning and handling. 656 BENZINE POISONING. Edited by B. Behrens. Samm. v. Vergiftsf. 9, Bull. No. 10, 69-74, 133-150 (1938). (German). One of the authors, H.H. Janson, doscribes observations on neuritis ischiadica and traumatic epilepsy after acute benzine poisoning. In the first case there was injury to the nerves of the legs with almost no tendency to heal. The second case was considered as one of epilepsy directly related to tho poisoning. The third was a case of early travsaatic epilepsy after acute benzine poisoning as a result of prolonged injury (localized). Another author, y. Q,ueasel, des cribes a case that was first thought to be one of disseminated cord disease from acute benzine poisoning. Somo years later Quensel had the opportunity of examining tho patient again. A section showod the prosence of centers of multi ple sclerosis. On the basis of these findings, the disease and accident history, a connection between the benzine poisoning and the sickness was not accepted. The appearance of multiple foci of softening after acute benzine poisoning thus has not boon proved. 657 THE USE OF BENZENE IN RUEBER SOLUTIONS. Koldehofe. Arbeitsschutz, pp. 90-82 (1939). (Geman). The author experimented on the use of rubber solutions with benzene and benzine as adhesives. He concluded that seams could best be made with rubber-benzine solutions, but a specially strong seam is achieved by employing a 12# benzene solution. Tho German artificial rubber "Buna" needs benzene or toluene. 03117977 ol)8f)00-BflH lN*l U j) '\ v / t References to Recent Literature - 10 558 CASE OF POISONING ?Y NITR03ENEENE. L. V'elterskirchen. Wien. klin. Wchnschr. 52, 31? (1939). (German). A man was severely poisoned by taking a tenspoon of nitrobenzene, but improved rapidly after he was given an intravenous injection of chromosmon (aethylc-ne blue) with 33# dextrose and 0*2 mg. strophantin, 6D9 ACUTE AHS3JIC POISONING. V/. A. Porter. Virginia Mod. Monthly, 56, 148--151 (March 1939). Besides the usual treatment of arsenic poisoning Porter used 800 international units of vitamin S]_ daily. The salient feature in the patients receiving the vitamin was the absence of diarrhea. It is his belief that the use cf vitamin Bi has a definite place in the treatment of toxic neuritis from metal poisoning. Prompt inprovement of neuritic pains occurred after the vitamin B]_ had been ad ministered for only a few lays. 660 ACUTE ARSENIC POISONING FROM POTATO BUG INSECTICIDE. II. Symanski. Sama. v. Vcrgiftsf,, 12, L-3 (February 1939). (German). A man sprayed an arsenic insecticide for about three hours. That night he vomit ed and had diarrhea; the noxt morning he was unable to cut bread as usual for his 1-uich, but could do other work. The aift became weaker and lacked feeling; he could lift it from the shoulder but could not bend it. When he was examined about two weeks later the aim was colder than the loft, weak, and somewhat re duced in circumference. Sensibility was decreased. These symptoms were somewhat less pronounced three months later. The findings are given in detail. | 661 DAMAGE TO THE MURRAIN AND POLYCYTESHA ASTER CARBON MONOXIDE INTOXICATION. F. Dittmar. Deutsch. ned. V/cnnschr. 65, 5C0-02 (1939). (Gorman). The paper concerns a fireman who vos repeatedly exposed to small concentrations of fumes and carbon monoxide. He shewed symptoms of a true polycythemia: en largement of the spleen, increase of basal metabolism, erythrocytosis {6.91 million), leucocytosis, lymphopenia and thrombocytosis. There were also symptoms of injury to the midbrain: nervous irritability, insomnia, disordered gait. The author points out that the polycythemia cannot be considered as an adequate phys iological regulation against the carbon monoxide anemia. Its occurrence with the symptoms of the midbrain refers to an irritation of the nervous centers; addi tional observations concerning this coincidence are necessary. 662 CIRCULATORY REFLEX OF THE CAROTID SI!JUS IN CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING. H.W. Kayser. Arch. f. exp. Path. 190, 248-55 (1938). (German). At b0-,i carbon monoxide saturation, complete occlusion (by clomping) of the caro tids in cats results in decreased blood pressure and heart rate. This apparent reversal of the usual response of the circulation (via the carotid sinus) to such stimulation is shown to disqppear after atropia, cardiazol, coremin or vagutony, and is therefore to be ascribed to disturbances in the heart muscle, the vessels or the sensory endings in the carotid sinus. A similar apparent re versal of the reflex function of the carotid sinus is attainable by clamping the carotids in cats which are anemic or have* increased intracranial pressure; the 3amc procedures cause this anomalous response to disappear as in carbon monoxide poisoned cats. The suggestion is made that carotid occlusion in cots already suffering from reduced vocygen supply to the medulla results in sufficient anox emia of this area to excite strongly the vagus center, impulses from which mask the usual carotid sinus reflex. It is striking that simple reduction of oxygen in the inspired air intensifies the normal carotid sinus reflex, never producing the apparent reversal described. 03117978 riw iiti-m itfS f) References to Recent Literature - 11 663 EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OH RESPIRATION DURING CARBON MONOXIDE COMA, ITS MODIFICA TION BROUGHT ABOUT 3Y BILATERAL VAGOTOMY-, TREATMENT WITH METHYLENE BLUE AND IN HALATION OP CARBON DIOXIDE. L. Di Frisco. Folia wed. 17, 173-181 (1939). (Italian). In experiments on rabtits during carton monoxide cona, there was no CheyneStoices respiration, only a simple dyspnea v.lth increase of frequency and depth of respiration which became slow and arrhythmic in the pre-torminal stage, Bi lateral vagotomy slows the respiration, intravenous injection of methylene blue has nc effect, tut inhalation of carbon dioxide increases the respiration rate ana improves the general state. 664 NEPHROSIS DUE TO CAR30N TETRACrLORIDE. H. Smetana. Arch. Intern. Med. 63, 760-777 (April 1939). This is a review of 3 cases of toxic nephritis, two of them fatal, duo to inhala tion of carbon tetrachloride vapors, with an excellent discussion and review of the literature, and also some excellent illustrations of renal pathology. The author concludes that in addition to hepatic damage, carbon tetrachloride poison ing sometimes causes alarming renal symptoms such as oliguria or anuria, nitrogen retention and subsequent hypertension; tho urine contains albumin, white blood cells, red blood cells, casts and bile. The anatomic basis for the clinical raiv 0 oi symptoms is nephrosis, characterized by, (1) distention of the spaces of Bow- man with albuminous precipitate, (2) by swelling of the lining cells, and swell ing and vacuolation af the cells of the proximal convoluted tubules, (3) by*4a- goneration and neurosis of the colls of tho distal convoluted tubules, and these of the loops of Honle, with desquamation, and (4) by tho presence of gram* ular, hyaline and cellular casts in the tubules, with plugging of thsir liana* Concretions are present, the nature and significance of which are obseuwt*. Var ious clinical and pathological features of carbon tetrachloride poisoning are discussed. 665 AMOUNT OF PHENOL IN THE BLOOD IN EXPERIMENTAL POISONING BY CARBON TETRACHLORIDE, CHLOROFORM AND i HOSPHDRUS AND IN MECHANICAL INJURY TO THE LITER. D. Yanaglhare. J. Chosen Med, Assoc. 2, 37-57 (January 20, 1939). (Japanese). In experimental poisoning as well as when the bile duet is ligated, free phenol in the blood increases gradually. Tho amount of conjugated phenol, however, shows no noteworthy change, ibecretion of phenol in the urine decreases. With an Ecfc's fistula and the hepatic artery ligated in a dog, free phenol in the blood increases, the conjugated phenol falls. Thus it would seen that the de toxification of phenol is not a specific function of the liver. 666 METHODS FOR THE DETECTION OF TOXIC GASES IN INDUSTRY. VI CARBON BISULPHIDE VAPOR. Groat Britain, Dept, Scientific k Industrial Research, 8 pp. (May 1939). (British). This is the sixth in a series of descriptions of simple methods for detecting various gases encountered in industry. The method for carbon bisulphide does not differ greatly from the other methods previously noted. Semples of tho air aro drawn by means of a handpump of dofinitc capacity, through a bubbler of alc.-.h.l containing the reagents -- diethylamine and copper acetate -- and the mixture allowed to stand. The color, caused by the compound diethyldithiocarbanate is compered to standards previously made from dilute solutions of carbon bisulphide in .alcohol. Concentrations down to 1 part in 120,000 can be estimated by tho method and tho tests can be made by non-technical personnel. Concentra tions of the gas in the range of 1:15,000 to 1:30,000 have been shown to be slightly tv,xic and a preferable limit would be 1:100,000, 03117979 HiioB-000809? References to Recent Literature - 12 667 DETECTION OF CARBON BISULPHIDE. A. Castiglioni. Z. anal. Chem., 115, 257-59 (1939). (German). The reaction between piperazine and carbon bisulphide can 'oe used to advantage for the detection of the latter; in concentrated solutions in alcohol a pale yellow precipitate of piperazine-carbon bisulphide i3 formed. Tho tost will serve to detect 0.5 mg. of carbon bisulphide at a dilution of 1:2000. 568 RADIUM POISONING FROM WATCH DIAL PAINTING. J. Am. Med. Assoc. (O.ucries and minor notes) 112, 1855 (May 6, 1939). A woman has necrosis of the mandible and superior maxillae. Until 12 years ago she v.-orkod at radius dial painting but was tested then and found negative. If other causes ere eliminated, radium should be suspected, and her body tested for radio-active 3ubotmcos. There is a/IIst of references. 663 BLOOD CHANGES DURING EXPERIMENTAL POISONING EY BARIUM SALTS. G.G. Zolezzi and A. Stazzi. Med. del lav. 30, 44-55 (1939). (Italian). Experiments on raboits with barium chloride and barium nitrate. Minimum, toxic and fatal doses ore listed. The smallest ones incite blood changes, larger ones at first have a vasomotor effect, and later a hemolytic one, leading event /5\ ually to anenia. 670 THE INFLUENCE OF DIET ON THE CHRONIC TOXICITY OF SELENIUM. M.I. Smith. U.. Public Health Reports, 54, 1441-53 (August 4, 1939). [ Experiments made on rats show that the toxicity of naturally occurring foo^ selenium is largely dotermined by dietary factors. A level of intake of Mien- ium, which is highly toxic and tissue-damaging when fed in a diet of low pro tein-high carbohydrate content, i3 only slightly haimful, if at all, when fed in a diet of high protein-low carbohydrate content. Available ovideuce indicates that the toxicity of selenium, within certain limits as to levels of intake, is determined more by the protein-selenium ratio than by the selenita level. No mention is made of any possible connection between the protein content of the diet and the absorption of selenium by means other than in the food. 671 TOXICOLOGY OF DINITSOTOLUENE AND PATHOLOGY IN EXPOSED WORKERS. Courtoia-Suffit Arch. Malau. profess. 294-7 (1939). The principal toxic effect of dinitrotoluene results from tho inhalation of its vapors. Tho rate of absorption in workers who are chronic alcoholics is greatly increased. The principal effect is on the nervous system and the blood. The author reviews his experience with this chanical in powdor mills. 672 SKIN INJURY FROM DICHLGRODIETHYLSULFIDE REMAINING UNDER A FINGER RING. E. Gillert. Med. Klin., 35, 428 (1939). (German). A druggist working with a substance containing dichlorodiethylsulfide neglected to remove his ring when washing. A severe inflammation broke out a few hours later, beginning at the ring, and he was incapacitated for 4 weeks. 673 TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENE OF CHROMIUM. J.A. Labat. Bull. trav. soc. phaim. 3crdcaux, 76, 191-201 (1938). (French). The toxicology of chromium compounds is reviowed. Tho destruction of organic natter with aitric-sulphuxic acids, oxidation of trivalent chromiua to dichroraate with sulphuric acid, silver nitrate and potassium thio sulphate, and tost with diyhonylcarbatidc to produco a red color arc described. 03117980 KMflB-u0B809 References to Recent Literature - 13 674 APPARATUS FOR MICROANALYSIS OF GAS. C.H. Prescott, Jr. and J. Morrison. Ind. and Eng. Chen. 11, 230-33 (1939). This article describes modem refinements of apparatus and technic for the rapid analysis of minute amounts of gas. On samples of 5 to 25 cu. mm. at nor mal temperature and pressure, analyses may be made with errors for each component within 2% of the total sample. The errors are within 5$ on quantities of gas as small ns the proverbial limit of 1 cu. mm. The methods described are available for water vapor, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, oxygen or methane. One hour is required for a complete general analysis. Under special conditions the least detectable quantity of a component may be pushed to a limit of 0.025 cu. ran., equivalent to the carbon monoxide in 1 sq. cm. of a mono-molecular film. 675 A NEW INFLAMMABLE VAPOR DETECTOR. R.B. Brock. Chem. and Ind., 58, 286-287 (April 1, 1939). This detector is not new in principle. It is, however, a new portable model of the Redwood Hydrogen Flame Apparatus. The si2e has boon reduced to overall di mensions of 15-1/2" long by 15" high by 5-1/2" and to a weight with accessories of 16 pounds. The ease of manipulation of the fittings and of all other opera tions ha3 been greatly increased. The Redwood Detector which is described in detail in Sir 3ovington Redwood's book "Petrolea and its Products," has been used in Great Britain for over 30 years, mainly for the determination of petro leum vapors, and still scans to have extensivo U3e in that country. In the. United State?, the Redwood Detoctor is practically unknown; in this country* electrical detectors of the hot filament type hav been developed during tbi last 10 years to such c 3tage of perfection, that they surpass any other type in accuracy, compactness, ease of operation and safety. Therefore, it la doubtful that even the present improved mudel of the Redwood Detector will find aai^ users hero. 676 CONTRIBUTION TO THE PATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF SALT MINE WORKERS. L. Reale. Rasa. Med. Industr., 10, 17-27 (January 1939). (Italian). A clinical .study was made among 800 workers in a salt mine in Cagliari. A com parison of the v ious common illnesses among the workers and a control group is reported and a description of a well defined dermatitis localized strictly in tho lower limbs is given. The effect on the upper respiratory tract and the di gestive system cited by some authors was not observed. It is maintained that the dermatitis ccmes from tho necrotic, caustic and mechanical action of tho salt coming in contact with the skin but since there ere not many preventive measures v/hich can bo taken, tho author suggests cleanliness, and elimination of excessive contact of moist skin with the salt. 677 HEALTH INJURY IN MANUFACTURE OF BATH SALTS. P. Roasing, Aerztlich. Sac brerstand.-Ztg. , 45, 57-58 (1939). (Goman). Two workers engaged in making a bath powder fell ill with bronchitis, gastritis and diarrhea. The symptoms are traced to the sodium bicarbonate, sodi\s borate and sediun hyposulf&to which the workers shovelled in a poorly ventilated roc*. 678 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE IN THE PREVENTION OF DERMATITIS. G.C. Harrold. Occupational Hazards and Safety, 1, 24-7 (August 1939). Previous articles of this series have discussod mochanical cleanliness within the plants, as well as personal protective devices in cunaon use. This covers the general subject of personal hygiene and sanitation rathor than enviroanental sanitation. Given the proper equipment with which to work and the proper cleans ing agents, towels, etc., it is up to tho worker to moke proper use of the* in the prevention of industrial dermatitis. A careless, sloppy approach to- any . peration will intensify occupational hazards involved. Suggestions are given as 03117981 References to Recent Literature - 14 HHBB-U008H to the providing of proper facilities for the employees. Washrooms should be adeo.uate and properly equipped. The selection of the soap should receive care ful attention, and a good description of this subject is given. The value of good personal hygiene in the prevention of industrial dermatitis cannot be over emphasized. 679 DERMATITIS CAUSED BY A NEW INSECTICIDE. L. Schwartz and L.H. Warren. TJ.S. Pub lic Health Reports, 54, 1426-35 (August 4, 1939). Experiments on animals with most of the insecticides show that they are toxic and irritating to the skin, and in sufficient concentration are capable of pro ducing death. The petroleum distillate which is usually used as a solvent for the insecticide is also toxic end, if not specially treated, is irritating to the skin. The new insecticide reported here is a product known as alpha naphthyl isothiocyanate, usually mixed with pyrethrum to obtain the toxic effect. Workers in the plant manufacturing the product became seriously affected with dermatitis until the processes were enclosed and extreme precautions takon to prevent skin contact. It is recommended that dermatitis producing insecticides such as this one should be properly labeled when sold to the public. 680 CARCINOGENIC AGENTS PRESENT IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND INCIDENCE OF PRIMARY TUMORS IN <=r\ MICE. J.A. Campbell. Brit. J. Exp. Path. 20, 122-132 (April 1939). (British). The author has continued hie rose-arch on substances that might induce lung tumors. He employed chimney 3oot and soot scrapod from exhaust pipes of engines busing heavy oils. Rats wero exposed to those dusts for 10 minutes an hour for 6 ^ours, 5 lays a week for 1 year. The death rate of both groups was well within tht lial its of that for the controls but the number of lung tumors was somewhat higher. Of those exposed to exhaust pipe soot, 33% living 10 months or more developed tumors. The most active substance tested so for is dust frea tarred roeds* Data are also given on mico whose skin wa3 pointed with "tar" from these substances. 681 MORTALITY FROM CANCER OF THE SKIN IN RELATION TO MORTALITY FROM CANCER OF OTHER SITES: AN ANALYSIS OF OCCUPATIONAL MORTALITY STATISTICS 0? ENGLAND AND WALES, E.K. Conrad and A.B, Hill. Am. J. Cancer, 6, 83-97 (May 1939). The authurs present many tables showing the relation between mortality from can cer of the skin and from cancer of other sites. They break down the occupation al distribution within each of five social classes and fail to confiim the report ed Inverse association between the above forms of cancer. In fact the data sug gest that occupations shuv.lng a high mortality from cancer of the akin and lip tend also tw show high retes for cancor of other sitos. 682 OCCUPATION IN REGARD TO CANCER OF TEE EYE AND ADNEXA WITH PRACTICAL POINTS FOR THE OPHTHALMOLOGIST. L.A. Lane. Am. J. Ophth., 22, 267-273 (March 1939). In an earlior paper (title will be given on request) the author presented a study of cancer of the eye in different occupations. In the present one, data on 500 cases are given regarding distribution in different groups, types of lesion, anatomic location, etc. Workers exposed to sunlight (plus tar or choaicals in some cases) had a rate of 20.4$; a large group necessarily l\mped to gether a3 miscellaneous accounted for 72#. The author urges that more careful occupatiunal histories be taken in cancer of the eye cases--not only description of the exact job but length of time held and previvus jobs. Follow-up work in eye clinics is said t-' be less extensive than in most cancer clinics. 683 POSSIBLE NEPHROSIS FROM PAINTS. J.Am.Med.Assoc. (Queries and minor notes), 112. 1854 (May 6, 1939). A girl with nephrosis has been for several years a painter in a furniture factory where she uses lacquers, turpentines and oil paints but has done no spray paint ing. Nephrosis alone is seldom 3oon as the result of exposure to oeazene; it is usually accs-moonied by anemia, leucopcnia, etc. It is possible that turpentine may cause tha trouble but this cannot bo stated definitely. 031179S2 nwiiiJ-utfOSr References tc Recent Literature - 15 684 DERMATITIS PROM RED LEAD. J. Am. Med. Assoc. (Queries and minor notes), 112, 1749 (April 29, 1939). ------ A man employed painting metal with red lead for 6 months developed a general erythematous and intensely pruritic dermatitis that covered almost the entire body. He stopped work immediately, but in spite of constant care and hospital ization, it was 1 year before the condition cleared up. By patch test he was found to be definitely sensitive to the paint he had been using. The reply points out that red and white lead are not widely employed in paints now; some of the pigment3 substituted are listed as well as the solvents. Dermatitis due tc systemic lead poisoning has never been reported. 685 I. THE DETERMINATION OF RESPIRATORY QUOTIENT IN REST AND WORK. II. THE COMBUS TION PROCESSES IN LONG-CONTINUED ffiAVY WORK. III. WORK CAPCITY AND NUTRITION. IV. HYPOGLYCEMIA, WORK CAPACITY AND FATIGUE. V. RESPIRATORY QUOTIENT AND OXYGEN CONSUMPTION. E.H. Christensen and 0. Hansen. Skand. Arch. Physiol., 81_, 137-189 (1939). (Scandinavian). The helmet method of Krogh and Liadhard gives more reliable respiratory quotient values with untrained subjects than the Douglas method, but over long periods the >: latter method i3 simpler and sufficiently accurate. Simultneous determinations cf blood carbon dioxide and lactate show that the respiratory quotient attained 10 to 15 minutes after beginning work measures metabolic processes reliably. Throe well-tminod subjects worked for 160 to 100 min. at a rate of 1120 kgpt/mla. An increasing proportion of fat was used as time went on but even at the end| ^ when blood sugar was 52 mg #, 40# of the energy was being derived from carbofp- drate. The proportion of carbohydrate used depends on the available supply tad on the work intensity. These subjects when on a high carbohydrate diet oosftd carry on this work 2 to 3 times as long as when on a high fat diet. flnrTflSjnwl ingly, sugar ingestion during work increased the capacity for work. Relief eeae before the rise in respiratory quotient. It is suggested that under suoh condi tions fatigue may depend on cerebral symptoms associated with hypoglycemia. In submaximal activity constant values for blood lactate and carbon dioxide may be attained, and the respiratory quotient then measures metabolic processes. When blood lactate is increased the respiratory quotient, when a steady state Is attained, exceeds the rosting level. If constant values ore not attained, as in maximal work, tho extra respiratory quotient of work and recovery depends on in creased lactic acid combustion. Ketone bodies, which are readily utlllzable by muscle, may be supplied by the liver when the carbohydrate supply is low. The re duced capacity for work under such circumstances may depend on the limited capa city of the liver for mobilizing ketones. 686 I. HXLSE FRJKJJJINCY AND BODY POSITION. II. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION IN VARIOUS BODY POSITION. III. CIRCULATORY INSUFFICIENT IN 7SX STANDING POSITION WITH NORMAL ARTERIAL PRESSURE AND REDUCE) MINUTE VOLUME. IV. THE DEPJNDHWK 0? THE PULSE FREQUENCY DURING WORK ON BODY POSITION. S. Asussen, E.H. Christensen and M. Nielsen. Skand. Arch. Physiol., 81, 190-239 (1939). (Skandinavian). When the body is supported passively at an angle of 60 with the hoed up, systolic blood pressure is unchanged, pulse rate increasos at once and minute volvoe 4^ creases. v<'ith the head down at the some angle, the pulse rate is Isas than in the horlz -ntal position and minute volume is the same as in the horizontal posi tion. All those changes are associated with distension In the one case, and collapse in the other, of veins in the legs. The response of the pulse to changes in position is an important element in the compensation for changes la venous pres sure arising from pooling of blcod in the veins below the heart. A suddenly pro duced hyperemia in the legs produces in the erect posture a groat decrease In systolic blood pressure. This depends on the combined effect of posture and of 03117983 References to Recent Literature - 16 M u j)W o HtfoS-utiHSiW' hyperemia in the extremities. The effect is small in the horizontal position cad may bo absent in tho hoad-downwards position, where the effect of anoxemia is opposod by tho hydrostatic factor. Symptcms of circulatory insufficiency were seen in the orect posture: absorption of water from the gut and renal excretion were reduced. The diminished minute volume must be looked upon not as a regula tory adaptation but as a disadvantage. Arterial blood pressure is maintained by restriction of blood supply to the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract. Experi ments with arm work in various body positions proved that, just as in rest, the pulse rato depends to a considerable extent on the hydrostatic displacement of blood: tho blood depots cannot fully compensate for the pooling that occurs when the body is passively supported at an angle of 60. 637 RELATIVE ROLES OF EXTREMITIES IN BODY HEAT DISSIPATION--NOJMAL CIRCULATION AND PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE. C. Shoard, G.M. Roth and B.T. Horton. Arch. Phys. Therap., 20, 133-142 (March 1939). Continuing the work started about two years ago, the authors present additional observations shoving the importance of the extremities in the control of body heat loss whon the external temperature, or the internal heat produced, is changed. Alterations of atmospheric humidity had little or no effect upon skin temperature of the extremities. The reactions of persons affected with peripheral vascular disoases differed from those of noraal persons and the differences are held to ba of considerable importance in medical diagnosis and treatment. 688 ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC CHANGES DURING WORK PERFORMED WHILE WEARING A MAX. iJ OBSERVATIONS ON HEALTHY MEN. H. Zottel and A. Fink. Klin. WchnschT. 18. 4&fi (1939). . Examination of the literature on electrocardiographic changes during woifc vfttfc- nasks show that there is little agreement on tho subject. The present authors examined 20 young persons wearing masks, who ran for 1 minute with and without a 23 lb. weight. Changes were observed in both casos, but were especially great when the extra weight was borne. Changes were acceleration of pulse, increase of systolic blood pressure, usually a shortened conductance time, eto. The authors believe that the changes are due to lack of oxygen, not to defective respiration from stenosis (stricture air passagos). 689 POSSIBLE HEAT STORKE WITH APHASIA. J. Am. Mod. Asecc. 112, 1989 (May 13, 1939). (Queries and minor notes), A man digging a collar in the hot sun suddenly lost consciousness, s conditio* which persisted for 4 days. At tho hospital he had a subnormal temperature and excessive sweating. On regaining consciousness., ho was found to have motor aophasic, apraxia, paragraphia and partial auditory aphasia but not alexia* Right hemiparesis and hemisproxla were present. No renal, cardiac or other organic symptoms were present. The symptoms have not changed in 6 months slnoe the eod- ient. In the reply it is stated that heat stroke probably is not responsible un less tho man was perfectly free of organic disease before the coma. With heat stroke, the temperature would be 104-106 with coma axvi increased spinel fluid cell count. Ordinarily in boat stroke there is widespread ganglion cell damage giving rise to hemiplegia, paraplegia, ataxia and aphasia as well as convulsions ana psychosis. The case described presents the typical picture of heat tion, not heat stroke. 690 EXTR3J2 -riPERFYRZXlA AND PROLONGED CONVULSION ACCOMPANYING HEAT STROKE. C;C. Fitzgibbon. Calif. & West. Med., 50, 360 (May, 1939). A min working all day with the temperature at 105 in the shade had heat stoke with continual convulsions. The axillary temperature was above 110--as high as the thermometer wouli go, and he seemed on the point of death. The convulsions lasted 1-1/2 hours until they were relieved by treatment with ice packs, saline 03117984 Hwij6~'0u08n: References to Recent Literature - 17 injection, 3-3/4 gr. sodium amytal, followed by corsmin, caffein and metrazol. In 1 hour he was better and complete rocovery took place after a week in the hospitaJ Blood and neurological findings aro given. 691 REACTIONS 07 07FICE WORKERS TO AIR CONDITIONING IN SOUTH TEXAS. A.J. Runmel, F.E. Giesocke, W.H. Eadgott and A.?. Moses. Heating, Piping and Air Cond., 12, 323-329 (May, 1939}. -- Despite the intensity and duration of summer heat in San Antonio, Texas, the most comfortable effective temperature for office workers (71.5) was found to differ but little from that in coolor regions in which similar studies have been made during the past 10 years. As a rule, women preferred c temperature 2 higher than men. Little trouble is said to have been experienced from "entrance shock," regardless of outside temperature, so long as the indoor effective temperature was not below 71.5. "Warm shock" on leaving the cooled office was more impor tant, affecting practically the entire eroup, and in some persons lasting several hours. General reaction to 3um..:er cooling was favorablo in 67# of the subjects, unfavorable in 10% and indifferent in 23%. 692 STIMULATION OF RESPIRATION BY OXYGEN LACK. T. Benzinor, E. Opltz and W. Schoedel. Arch. ges. Physiol. (Pflugers) 241. 71-77 (November 9, 1938). (German). Experiments were carried out on dogs narcotized with morphine and pernocton, the sodium salt of butyl bromallyl barbituric acid. By means of morphine-peraooloa narcosis, tho sensitivity for carbon dioxide of the respiratory center of dajjt* can be greatly reduced. The stimulation of rospiration by oxygen lack remains constant. In such an animal tho rospiration is regulated by tho perlodlo oxygen lack resulting from the presence of nitrogen in tho alveolar spaces. The length of tho pauses in the periodic breathing increases with Increasing oxygen content of the inhale! air. The authors state that similar results are obtained If, instead of decreasing tho sensitivity for carbon dioxide, the tension of carbon dioxide is lowered (hypocapnia through hyperventilation). 693 ACCLIMATIZATION OF THE HUMAN ORGANISM TO LOW ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURES. J. Goebel and S. Marc2ew3ki. Acta Biol. Exptl. 1, 87-9 (1938). (Polish). Dogs were out in low-pressure chombers at a pressure of 210 an. mercury (altitude of 10,000 isetors) for 10 hrs. per day over periods of two months. Blood pH fell from 7.35 to 7.05, alkali resorvo was reduced from 40.4 to 32.8 ml. of carbon dioxide.per cent, oxygen capacity and the number of red blood cells Increased con siderably. Intravenous Injections of 50-100 mg. or oral administration of 0.5 g. per kg. body weight of amonium chloride In normal dogs produced increased red cell count and oxygen capacity. The adaptation of these dogs to conditions of low barometric pressure took place much mure quickly. 694 SYPHILIS, MALARIA AND HOOKWORM DISEASE AS INDUSTRIAL HAZARD IN THE SOOTH. C.F. Holton. South. Med. Jh, 31, 1011-1016 (1938). The author has routinely token Wassermann tests of all workers sent to him for treatment of industrial accidents. He believes that syphilis, malaria and hook worm dull the mind and tend to make tho patients accident prone. In one plant, of 300 Negroes tested, 100 gave positive reactions. A clinic was sot up in the shop, treatments given, and any worker refusing treatment was discharged. In the past 8 years the number of accidents has dropped markedly and the plant now pays the lowest insurance rate possible for the industry. Malaria is increasing in the South. It is so enervating that workers suffering from it are not efficient and frequently need to take time off, Hookwora also decreases the workers' gen eral health. Tho author believes both of those diseases are much more prevalent than is generally realized. 03117985 r?r^s References to Recent Literature - 18 695 SYPHILIS CONTROL IN A CUBIC CAL INDUSTRY. G.:I. Gehimsnn. An. J. Syph., Con., Ven. Lis* 22, 623-30 (1938). The author, as meaical director of the duPont Company, supervises the health of 40,000 workers, and he writes of the problems involved in syphilis control. Syphilitics must not be allowed to work where conditions nay aggravate the dis ease, end must not work with materials (such as cellophane) that might spread in fection among the general public. The syphilitic in a modern, sanitary plant is not considered likely to infect his fellow workers, and he does not seem more prone to such complications as infections or poor union of fractures. Corneal ulcers, however, do soon more common infected persons. Since 1934 the company has had its own serological laboratory where on average of 100 Kahn tests have been made yery day. All new employees are tested and many others retested annually. Old employees who become infected cannot remain unless they take ade quate treatment. The company new gives free treatments to all who cannot get proper treatment elscv.hore. This practice was begun when it was found that send ing 'workers to their own doctors or to clinics did not have satisfactory results. 696 INCIDENCE OF AIR-30RNE BACTERIA IN THE MAJOR SURGERY OF THE MULTNOMAH COUNTY SPITAL. Q.M. Nisbet and J.W. Brooke. Surgery 4, 755-61 (1938). Blood agar plates were exposed in the 3urgery For 30 minutes, then incubated. The authors find that the nuaber of air-borne bacteria in the major aurgery-;of the Multnomah County Hospital is roughly proportional to the number of people present in the surgery and to tho activity on the floor proper of the surgejjr* The greatest proportional rise in incidence is manifested by tho streptococci end by staphylococcus albus. 697 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES OF DISINFECTORS. K. Wiese. Veroffentlich. Qeb. Volkageeundhoit. 52, No. 8 (1939). (German). The author collected information from the literature, from industrial organiza tions, and from health unit personnel. Persons performing disinfection of pre cincts evidently seldom suffer infectious diseases themselves--not one serious case was discovered in the last 10 yeors. Perhaps a specific iHaunity la ac quired by subclinicol infections. Among the chemicals employed, mercury causes skin diseases as do cresol compounds; chloremia causes irritation of tho mucous membranes, formaline causes chronic eczemas. None of these disorders were severe enough, however, to cause any man to change his occupation. Mem employed in estroylng infected animals, however, wore more exposed to danger. 598 A CASE OF WEIL'S DISEASE CAUSED BY LEPTOSPIRA SEJROE, ACCOMPANIED BY MENINGITIS AND PARALYSIS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES. V. Hortensen. Ccaapt. rend. Soc. biol., 130, 1510-12 (1939). (German). The author's patient was a farmer who suffored high temperature, headaches, vomiting, and pains in the back and extremities, along with marked Jaundice. Meningeal symptoms persisted after the others had disappeared. On the 20th day, paralysis of the legs developed but this was somewhat improved the following day and 2 months from the onset, the patient was almost well. The serological tests gave strongest reactions with Loptospirae Sejroe. 699 ANTHRAX IN MINK (MUSTELA VISION). A.W. Greener. J. Ityg., 39, 149-153 (March 31, 1939). (British). A short description of anthrax outbreaks on mink farms in England. The danger to humans working on infected mink skins is p inted out. ^ M117986 y y HMBB-000809R H 6B -oou8fj: References to Recent Literature - 19 700 TOBACCO POLYNEURITIS. P.7. Kepp. Dtsch. Ztschr. f. Nervenhlk. 146, 182 (1938). (German). A man, aged 25, worked for 2 years filling cans with tobacco extract and solder ed thma. In this occupation he was exposed to the tobacco vapors and soiled his hands and work clothes with the fluid. Thore were no major complaints during the first year of this work. During the second year nausea and vomiting, severe headache and profuse diarrhea occurred, disappearing immediately when he stayed --t homo for a couple of days. During the last weeks before his admission to the hospital he experienced nuabness in aims and legs, weakness and unsteadiness, and finally, attacks of flexor spasms la arms and legs. The examination showed sluggish pupillary reflexes, atactic gait, ataxia in finger-to-nose test and hoel-to-knec test, and decreased power in both legs. Pain, tomperaturo and touch sensations were found to be decreased in hands and feet, also in the re gion of the left ulnar and both percneul nerves; tendon reflexes were weak and Romberg positive. Electrical stimulation of the muscles gave normal results. No scotomas were found but an eosinophilia of 13$. All signs disappeared in a month under bed rest and Vitomin B treatment. 701 INDUSTRIAL EYE ACCIDQJTS. T.R. Yanos. Rev. Cubana de Oto-Neuro-Oft., 7, 57-78 3 (1938). (Cuban). This is a comprehensive treatise on the management of industrial eye injuries, with tables to calculate the percentage loss of vision, visual field and ocular motility, ana a formula to detexmine the total percontage disability. A fe# schedule for various ophthalmologic services i3 also given. The author concludes by outlining a number of tests to unma3k malingering. 702 0W 0? THE COMMITTEE FOR COMBATTING NOISE IN INDUSTRY. Arboitsachutz, pp. 8612? (1939). (German). This is a series of papers on various phases of control of noise in industry. Discussion of noise in several typos of plonts is offered, much of it very in teresting. In one paper a description of the anatomy and physiology of hearing is described, with the effoct of noise upon this sense. 703 DOWN DRAFT REMOVES FUMES, Anonymous. Nat. Safety Nows. 40, 84 (September 1939). Description is given of unique facilities for removing fumes during spray paint ing. The painting is done over a 7 x 12 fo'<t erating in the floor through which the air is exhausted at 200 ft. per min., sufficient to eliminate the necessity cf a booth or partition of any kind around tho operation. The fiae-laden air Is washed with a chemically-treated water spray in a tank directly below the grat ing. Exhausting downward makes it unnecessary for tho operator to ever get in a position where he can inhale the fumes. 03117987  (h <r~ G $ T. d/08900-ggR M