Document e5qKw2kLb7B3oJK3ZD9od9Ze9

3746 . Federal Keister / Vol, 51. No. 18 //Wednesday, January 29, 1988 / Proposed Rules doth. These Include gtats fibers, . somewhat less suitable Ilian (boss noted coramlc fibera, carbon fibers, organic .above. These include various plastic and fiber*, quartz fibeie end cotton fibers. vitrified day pipes. Replacement fibersiro- aibetlo* In cloth All of the substitutes considered are use* depend upon the apedfic well established In the pipe market and applies Hon. can be Joined to or replaced existing Substitute* appear lobe avsOahie for aabeslofr-bement pipe sections. almost ell hlgh-tempereture applications d. Hoofing fell. Asbestos roofing felt I* of asbestos doth. If asbestos cloth were used for built-up roofing, primarily on not available. KPA expects that the flat roofs -Bullt-ap" refers to the fallowing substitutes would replace practice of layering fell lengths on top of asbestos cloth as follows: each other with hat roofing tar or Fiberglass doth products: SO to 60 asphalt mopped between layers of percent adhesion end additional weather Aramld doth producta: 20 tn 15 protection. percent. Currently, less Iban 10 percent of Carbon/graphita cloth products: 5 to roofing fell sold contains asbestos, tO percent. Ceramics and silicon-baaed clnlh Organic fell, fibrous glass felt, and single-ply membrane roofing ell Have products: to to IS percent greater snares of the fiat roof market Becausu of their temperature and fteme resistance, Bsbesios clothing products protect wearers from fire end beat However. subsHtnte products have been developed far asbestos clothing products Aramld doth products can substitute Tor asbestos In protective garments, but ere more expensive. Some other textile products made without asbestos are leas expensive than the counterpart product made with asbestos doth. Substitute products foresbestos clothing Include noraex. fiberglass, end telex. Asbostos clothing has been replaced by subnUtutes in most or all firefighting end Industrial application*. c. Asljcslos-annenl pipe andfittinge. Product* in this category ore manufactured for various uses. Most pipe is used to carry water or sewage. A small amount Is used to carry chemicala or is used sa air ducts Pipe varies la construction depending on use sad such factor* us how deep tl will be buried, the rets el fluid transmitted end whether It is under pressure. EPA believes that at least eno suitable substitute la available for each of the many pipe typos and else*. Based on information from manufacturers. EPA concluded (hat operation and maintenance costa and service life of uli products are essentially similar. Asbestos-cement pipe does nol dominate any segment of tbc pipe market, but to popular for certain applications such as carrying water al low pressure, if (his rule Is promulgated. EPA expects that the following substitutes will repines asbestos-cement: pipe ae follows: than asbestos felt. Of these three well-established products, fibrous glass (alt most closely approximates asbestos roofing felt In purchase and installation prices and service life- Organic fdt has a lower purchase price, but ha* lower insulation value end moisture resistance and a somewhat shorter service life. Single-ply membrane rooting consists o( u laminate of a modified bitumen or polymeric system such as polyvinyl chloride or ethylene propylene diene monomer. A typical product consists of a five-layer laminate composed of a thick plastic core protected on each surface by e Inyer of modified bitumen and an outer film of polyethylene. The purchase price nf single-ply membrane roofing Is several limes that of asbestos felt, is about as expensive tc install, but la expected to have a longer service life, Singie-ply membrane also hoi the advantage of not requiring the use of hot asphalt during instsflatton. a. FlooringJell andfoil-backed vinyl cheat flooring. Asbestos flooring felt was used as e hacking for vinyl sheet flooring products. The fell corners dimensional stability and helps prolong floor life when moisture from below the surface Is a problem. EPA does not biiltcre that flooring fait la currently being produced tn the U.S. A Targe number of non-esbeetoa vinyl flooring products have entered the market in the last 5 years. Thee* products Indude theel backed with fell containing fibrous glass: cellulose, polyethylene or polypropylene fibers, ceramic fibers, and plastic foam. Also available are unbacked sheet and PntyvTny! eWorld tPVCt pipe----rx pereser numerous traditional flooring products Ductile iron ptpe^..----............. as psrosn* such ea ceramic Ifiea. capering, end ftestresaed concrete pqin__----..4.1 percent Reinforced concrete pipe.....-- .0.15 percent wood flooring. Among these many ' products, coeiumer* will find adequate These estimates are only approximate lubiritvtsa for cup particular use of and do not take Into account other asbestos eantatiring frit or fett-backed - possible substitutes that KPA considered .flooring.. EPA has found that price dtrfarenliuls between asbeato* end non-asbestos vinyl sheering are negligiMe. Overall, the backing is a small pari of llm total cost for vinyl sheet products. Maintenance and service life are not mdleriafly.effected by the bucking. The wide range of prices found among various vinyl flooring products urn mostly attributable to the colors end patterns of the vinyl a* well at the wear-layer thickness. f. Vinyhttfbestoi floor tile. Vinyl- asbestos floor tile Is used in numerous applications, but hss been especially popular for use in heavy traffic areas such os In atone, kitchens, and entry ways. Addition uf liber contributes to abrasion and Indcntatloe resistance, dimensional stability, and resistance tn moisture, host, and oil. Currently, the most settable available substitutes for vinyl-asbestos floor tiles are various asbostos-fres vinyl composition floor tiles. In place of asbestos fibers, manufacturer* are ustng nynthrtlc fibers Including fibrous glass, polypropylene, polyethylene, and cellulose. There are also several types of vtnyt tile* that contain various fillers and resins tn place nf fiber, Many nonasbesint vinyl tile products nave born an tho market for only few yunr*. Consequently their service fives err. not well established. Borne industry unntacl* believe the (ton-asbestos tiles will last as long as the asbestos tiles, while others believe service lives will ba shorter. EPA currently assumes that service lives of the arm-asbestos tile* will ba about one-third shorter than fnr the usbastos tiles. g. Asbestos-cement sheet. There ere a number of cast competitive substitutes for asbestos-cement sheet. These include both products using substitute fibers and ether jfroducl substitutes. Gloss-reinforced concrete Is sullahln for most corrosion and haal-resisUmt applications where asbestos-cement sheet is now used. Glass-reinforced' concrete is widely available at a price that has been declining relative to that of asbestos-cement sheet- Cement-wood board la suitable for the general construction appUcaHohs of asbestoscemenl sheet. The use of restns end surface coattngi with osment-wood board mukos the product suitable In weather-resistant applications. In the aiding market, asbestos-cement products have no cost advantage over galvnnlxed steal, aluminum, or concrete. However. asbestos-cement sheet may have sraaler-oenosion resistance than tha other prodaetatacooling towers, polyvinyl chloride products or oaramie FMSI 02437