Document e5mD1DQ4kNDMgDOdoJeovmG2E

IJ E. P. Vi. 11 r St. Louis October 21, 1$68 Polyehlorlnrted Tlphcnyls In c?ir clT/trcn.r.;n; V. IX. Richard vmicH u r. Kelly( ;J. D.1!.. H-int *' * 0". . % C. Pay ten -*c?/,Vt " K. Screen - 1^00 . W. K. Johnson - WJOHM Attached 1j a Xaros copy of a technical paper vhleh Scott Tucker and I plc::*d up In b'asAln~eo.i recently. i'hls was provided n . by Eons Id A. Spaneer cf the Hatle.-val Agricultural Chemicals Aaaoela tlc.n. ::r. Spancor requested that the paper bo bald I 'ccnfldentHl" until such tl=s as it cay b published. Spanccr Indicated that if tMa paper vert distributed one of his principal 'sources'' would refuse eo give hia prepubllct- tlcn information In the future. . P.lacbr:uh's prcaantatton (the attached) was cade at a eeatlng of 20 to 3^ tsr.ltelsclata held at the Unlvorslty of Rochester In June. The raatlns *->aa billed aa "The first Annual Conference on Twlcolcjy? and was under./rlttan presumably by the ABC which hes had contracts as Rochester for cany yoara. Attmdajsce . was ly Invitation only. . -j . *' The casting dealt 'exclusively* with pestlcldae with fbejit one-third of tha ccpara lelainj ta msrsury. Aa far aa docbcer kno;:a the papers, lneluding .tha attached, will undoubtedly be printed aa proceed!r.gs of the conference although I eusncct Individual authors were Given permission to.publish elsewhere. In a few word'*, R1 act rough hea found Pda alone with ehlorlnaeed psstleldea In s nunbar of species cf f 1th and birds along tha Califcmla coast aa well aa In waters off Saft Callforcla and Central America. U* further reports PC3 In flah frea the Channel Islsnda and Puset Sound. Ho ?C2 was datested la the liver of tune taken In tha Oalspagcs Archipelago. Scott Tucker la going to acrutlnlaa tha analytical aspects and'particularly tha validity cf coca of tha assumptions cade by the author. Elaer f. Vhaaler Attachccnt . - * I ^77 exhimtnq.--LL RA ,, ljH.lL . * PAR 010342 1CM 01102V PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT 3m'TucUs- WATER PCB-SD0000056045 V. - - "T CL--St:.'ATK3 liyiir.'.'Ci.'LJ.'r IT r A. w. Si "I. rough . In.-,e lruir. of ~.irise nraourcri Ocpjrtmit ef .''Iriti(o.i 1 Jc.rneee Univcraity of California, ectl-elay ;/ w. AUTKACT i j Polyehlorlnaced M.'lionili . uhleh ir v'falp need plactlcltera and In the canufacturc of oony Industrial ynMvcJT, ted tl*. DOT * j | cn^vhiIi have been fotind co be widely distributed In tcrloo ecooyttcac of tl;c fictile 0ersn. "urine bfrdl contain higher content tat Iona chon (fill; tlsouwa of cht Peregrine falcon have contained toe Highest conccnCrstlocs which have neon co far recorded. The rr'''c!.l>rlote'd~/ 'Mp.'.c.iyls ho.o n't vet been detected In aarplco of airborne porclculatee llut Chtlr r' -rv.-.f d'f.rll-utlon In the 'l Indic.-tca that they art *9 - j ' d'.jic::;-j 1; vied e> r'--%eir cffwc.li u^c.i awrai prprloiljou, Incli-l.'n; r.aa, art oa yc: un'-av.-va. The OT-T caepauoda era sloe accumulating In Che ira and arc present In hi(hot concentration . ; . * '* In eorlne bfrda. Tflelr dlslribu-loa indicated that ceaara*. oroee . are net the priaary tourcea of caneanlnaclen ef cha'pelagic rpocleay :' A quantitative approach ta the protilea of aerial tranapnr! of peatlcidaa - co lha aaa haa bees rtt'c by analyitn; llta poaclcldo content of ' airborne partlrulatta. The rerulta indicate that wind traneparc .- ' j can account foe the ''...rrv.id dtvrrlVjcl'a of D57 'orpounda la the 'j Cali/emi* vacert and thne the aatau.nc of peatlcIdea encoring the tropical Atlcntie oa falleuc free ilia Xcrchdatc Trtdea la cacy-arable | J to that catering the oca froa a oajor rlvar fyacea. * .1 urotr The accumulating ofdaace that no pa'.t of tea `irld la new fvir o'f pcaclelda raiiduca, the product? af atonic cnploolona, ur af a variety a( litdwutrjal pallutaate haa produced cube la but pro found changer in our suesepta af roeteaeaa, lacladea, and cf our ova paattlca la the verld-vldt r.-ar/icn. iiau let 'em aaa any ~ . ... queac in that Ideal <tal) itraa any be iri dveralkly cheated by the introduce tea . af ayathacla ckdaltala, whether thaaa tacroduerleae be picpaMfiii tr laeldeatal. The eaa la tie faalatai futart ef the v(lf>vUa ecuayatea. Tha itcoilailM af atgalfteoqc aatuala of aavaral pallutanca In zarlne ortaalana, (ollatnu vhlek are ocd^pelae aad Hereford va*.ur-lncrluble but Upld-aalubla, net aaly ellelu m Mtirulaty ebrut the lens-tarn otillratloa ef the aaa. aa a aeurce ef base* M, let aai seddtrcly rtlinl (1: fitiilm eflha elftaace turolvel af auibet af apetiea of tea birds. Thaaa caoprlae a vary lrw fraeti-ru. vf tba vetld'a vtldllfa aid deubta about their future uteU law been taatlfattf prayjateraua aad tnteaK)o oaly ? at * year* if*. . .____ ... . _. . ****'* ` * AAA 050543 . *C* I0J r -V WATER PCB-SD0000056046 rerkv.-. I t. CJ-. r*^/-I* lltlr -ovc --rrw ,ii-_-ii the uolc cv,d n'e t piv.-lieidc -jr.I.K li'l'. pf -* t 1 e 1: k: t 1011 In l(-e tinted n/vi el--.<.-:-<-rf i-.Kf (( iKfi'U/ c...-M::-d at oc^tiorm- iln- level.-. in jjpt f,v iyilcui (2,7|. In * r U <* * < ' lev I o J11I. il i tof cl.U: in-urd l.ydroeai (*,,/ ,*![* ' water It), choir lend.-ucy to pajs into the v.ipour phase ( U , 1,6,1J ), thetr per." it tener. In sella |),tO,lC<, Jnd Cliefr presence tn \-.ry l-ju concent rat 1.1.1* In ;oue urcjri draining .irc.-.a of Incentive application 117). river* do transport large nov.ti of stable, persistent pejeleldei r* the ;ca. A largo proportion * of the**- poitlcldci re idscthod to tile p.aitloc* ar p-.rt of the runoff l roa area* at application. Thu*, the Saeraac/tro .id Jan .'oai)ula riven, vhleli drain the Central Valley o< California, on* of tlx note heavily pettlcldcd area* of tho world, *nnu*lly bring about 1,904 kg of chlorinated. hydrocarbon* Into Jan rrc.-.tlico fay (2.11), and the Mississippi contribute* about 10,000 k of llu*- Culf of-l.'exlco (7,21). . .. . When the InitUult of Marino ftcsaurcet began a itudy of tho distribution of chlorinated hydrocarbon* In aarlna fish, wo expected t find, theroforo, aiueli higher level* In the flah f roa Jan franclsco boy - than-In the *rtrh "froa tho faelfle Oeean (l*|. Tlie data of Table I, hovever. ohow that collections sf "tho northern r.ieixiy *nd of tho Ingltih Solo froo tho coaital waters contained . as ouch as or a 1 tl111<"1 l? *".or* total OUT rotlduo than did tho collections ` fros Jan Traaclaco lay- Total JOT contcntritlon* war* hlghost la tho collaacloa froa woceri off las angtleo, but anchovlna froot tho Channel Island* aroo off fort Muoneeo alt* ctntalrad Algnlfleancly not* realdu* than tho snchevlaa of . ' Saa franclocs lay. Jtnce no najor river systen eators the fnelfle Oeoao froa Southern California, tho source of thoaa pesticides could tot ho agricultural drainage vacort. Jlollarl/, tho data of Table II, which tot forth tho dfottlVotioo of total COT residue*.and of polychlorinated biphenyls la several colloccloan ~of oarlr.a flth, Including 'hjner Potrh Ir:-o San Traaclsea Cay, lake, lack* Mackerel and Zngllth Jo la froa the esaico! voters of Californio, llueflo sod " .Irllxafit Tur.sa .'too water* off tajs Californio and Coacral Anotlco, and Kipjick Tuns fros JsurU .Merita and tho Central 'aelflc, a haw that aloott all total TOT residua levels tall wt:h|n tho ranjo of 0.1 and l.C parts per alllloa, v*c weight, Including that* In tho llucfin and Yollovflo Tun:*,' vhleh aril aero ` polagtc. Only ch* T*ll'' fl* Tuna fre* tho Calapsgo* region and tho Sklpjook Tuns contained lr.it total peattclde reoIdiot. Tho oojorlty of frtsh-va'cnr flah froa k'laconaln analysed by tho Vlteaualn Ccsaorvatloa Ccpartaont la ISIS eoncslned loos than 0.2 ppn of total DOT reolduo (22).- Mor*#vr, fish froa 0 serosa la Vltcanotn which drained on orchard where chlorinated hydrocarbon* had been letcnalwty applied ewer tho yotrt concalnod lower pootleldo raoldua than did the sLarlno fish froa tho fnelfle Ocooa (17). That a erublnod observation* Indlesco choc It f* very unllkoly that pcitloldos la oar1 no fish havo orlglsaccd only Is tiMtsl voter* erntsclsrcod ky local agricultural runoff. , j J i * Tho palycKlorlnstcd biphenyls (PC*) occurring la flah and othor aarlna | organtsoe sro ajaunod to bo industrial pollwcsato. They sro osod excenelvely In ladvatry plostlcltcrt cad In tho nanufsetoro of points, resins, oloetrlcal luoliisn tad othor product*, and trs available la railway car aaouat*. Sisco ILay a\ 0 vary srjhlo, rratac degradation, hovo significant vapour pro*surra, art paarly galohlf U wocor and highly arlubla la lipid, II is inowltiblo tbs: tkoy should ha ooaoontrotod la bijlagical aysteno. Their chcaloal erveevr* la -* j i 1 PR 0505*4 SC* 051031 f WATER PCB-SD0000056047 i )4 ! Vl .ff-.i' -I V. ;i t* .). w /j f* * ' 31 ;? '- f. ' . u v_7 - m, 1 j j ; / j`,, >v-c rc|.ecr." siotlar (n that of several elilurtr.aced hyuioc-rhon pcstirfdc* lncJw^l"C P`'T -' J i lie. l-enn no UecneUI-riues, sa tl-.-.i It is to bw expected that (Irf.y would VmiIiavo clolLnrly In their ^vcn-.'nl s thrrm-h eve; y* tru, Tlwy aro 1it^la]>* Cvit CO iu.3 when inhaled J< vapours (C,7j| and ll.e wore lu-avijy chlorinated ejjponomi havu irratec tuxicl'.y. Thulr presence in concentrations as hl;h a( _ one part pet oillloa on m uet vtiche tas's, and several (n't higher a lipid weight basis, In spades which are used as Uuaan food, should be a uttar el ton?iderable conerrn. At the present tine it is not entirely clear how the PC* enter oarlnc few/ chains, hut chop could easily be introduced into the a exosphere as vapours duung n.innf..ccucl"t pretence, when high Ccoperaturce increase _ vapour ptes.ure, or bp gradr.ss volst i lisacion over a period of doe or avm when oaccrlaif contalnln; tnen are incinerated. ' / The *ret prate d born evident in chroostegraU of our extracts of urUe fish and birds but reual.T-d vn tdcr.di led until late ia 1)67. Cxtrscta of tlssuae- - and of an unhacched cX.Z of a Peregrine Falcon, a species vhase dee lino and local -extinction has frequently been attributed te pesticides, eentaiaed exceptlonallp hich mounts of the unhna.-n compounds (11). Attempts te idendfp the* were ' unsuccessful until reports appeared froa iveden I JO] aad fto* Crest Ccltela (16] - that PCI had been identified in wildlife vith tUa use of mass speetrogrsphy ud gas-llquld ehronacography, tespectively. the published chrezntcgra* (14)'vea virtually identical with chose we Usd obtained i.-os tho Peregrine ral^eo. ait tacts. b j`7* Tho coa=e:clci TCI preparadone are aixturea of several coopounds. J30 these, those havin' the following retandea ti.noe relative te p.p'-DOK e* -L. DC-100 and <57-1 coluaos hare l-eca detected la aarlns fish aod blrdsi -_ ` O DC-3301 1.15. 1.0. 1.7). 1.41, l.JO, 1.90, 3.41, 3.M. 5.53 dieldrlo: 1.00; p.p'-ODOt 1.17; p,p'-OOT l.M . . .- <37-lt 1.10, 1.33. l.*0. 1.45, 1,21. 1.14, 1.59, 3.13, 3.1*. 4.14 d laid rial 1.49; p.p'-POOt 1.75; p.p'-DOT: 1.91. The t a tent tea ties* ef the three principal peaks are vstdrrllned. italler values for tho DC-100 ccluu have eeea reported ftca aitaell ul seal* fre* tbs iorik Aclantlc (13|. Iscsusa of the similarity of rector too tlcae, it .1* evident that large txovnta f TCI will Interfere with tho drternlaacian of p,p'-00a *"4 p,p'-QOT on DC-100 teluons sod with p,p'-CD3 oo QT-l coleast. Ceave'rseiy, in pony extracts,' ' ' -the PC* -content ea* bo de'earvined e.ly afcct Dr>9 and DOT hava bee* removed by sapoelilcatloa with alcoUolic KOU. The quantitative oeaxurt=cnCi of tho fC* so peii vers osde ee fellr.-ss it was <imc4 that each produces the tes peak height 1* the elrctrou captutt detector ee the sane acounc. by.eeigUt, ef p.p'.OOt "After eenadng the eontrlauiiens ( the Individual peak*, the tats! vae aeltlplled by 4.2. Keaaurerenes ef standard soluriaas by this sethod yielded reselt* class te tlx predicted valcas and to those obtained by reneuriof the total kale(q emcent vith the oleteeewleoecrlc detetcer. '- lUasnreeoAU ef the TCt In tSu fi-ti extract* were nil fre* peeled extroete. ,-v Oolite.the DOT toxpounds, the ?CBa. appear to be reJaUvoly -xe abundant ls a*- - 7RA 050545 JCM 0510)2 -tv, WATER PCB-SD0000056048 1 '1 1 4 * J j. > t t 'I v3 1 I 7/ If. h- f ! -I w v./ ' rnn:l- = : Hsy, but cncl.- srosc.-.cv In Ye'.suf l.- T.,;,o cjix-n cff Cn`-1 Arc-rlct Iniicitc-i a wide ct'gripnicj l nls'.ritutlon. " Cc.iccfitr j tlon.i of the enlorinx ted hydree jrtena, both peiticld* ond fc~ J tend to i; an or:tr of ta,-.nl tude hlrhcr In iar-l.-.c bird* than In flan. jn J* " Table III ere lie cod the cocsl DOT and PCB cor.ccn:rx:loiis in tlsjuciand In entire birds cf several soccles. Table TV lists :ne DlTT and PCB eont.-.: of these e*cs so far analyse*. Tho latter values will eventually be also'* expressed os parts per million, lipid weight. Prom the data In Tables III and IY 1: Is evident that both DOT and the polyehlorlra:cd blpnenyis are widely distributed aaor.g marine birds, uhleh are the terr.i.-.al carnivores of a complex variety of food chains la the sea. Sooty and slender-billed shearwaters are pelagic species which breed In h'ev Zeulcnd and Australia, respectively and unich spend the southern winter- in the r.rrthern Pacific. Rhinoceros Auklets ar.d Ancient Kurrelecs breed cn the coasts of British Columbia ar.d Alaska, thereat Klttlwakes, rulear* and Red Phara 1 cocs treed in Alaska and the Canadian Aj-ecic. All of these " specimens tore collected in California, so CMC It. Is not clear hoy such DDT and PCB the birds had Invested on their breeding ;rounds. In the pelagic bird species, in most of the fish from the ocoan and in the other specimens frea areas Peseta frea sites of application, such as Baja California, the ratios of DDT to PCB are of Che sere order of sagnltcdc and eost values ere between 5 and 15. If both PCB end DDT vere dispersed around the vorld by the sar.e transport systca, their relative concentrations In 'remote* areas would very lll:sly be similar. Additional data art needed to ahppcrt this hypothesis; egga froa trepleal regions and froa Antarctica have been obtained and will eventually ba analysed.. . i 3 In many of the specimens froa San Francisco Bdy tnd San Megs'Bay this " ratio Is close to cne. Absolute cs-nce.-.trttldia of PCB also tend to be higher, suggesting that the nese Important sources of eeataalnatlcn are local. . The sample sites of Tables ZZZ and ZY are very small; cany staples, however, remain to be analysed. Only tentative suggestions can tc cade frea the data, but a consistent pcctem la evidanc. Thus, the Vcatem Cull egg from San Francisco Bay and Che Pigeon Guilleeot egg 1'" the coast near San rrsr.clsco contained core PCB chan the egg of each apecies frea the Fare Ilona. Of the two night haren eggs analysed, cne had an "ocean* proflie high DDt, Iqm p, p1 -DOT and DOD, high DDT/7C2 raele; the other hed a bay* profile. The Caspian and Forster** Tama nest eld* by sldo on the dikes In San Diego Bay. yet the 0OT/7CB ratio la cuch lobar In the Caaplan Tama, which feed primarily alcng the coast, than In the'Forster*s Terns, which feed along tM brackish and fraah-watar dikes and canals. The two California Peregrin* Falcons had both been feeding In San Francisco Bay prior to cepturoj In both tho ratios of DDT to P<3 are near unity, i, a - * Tha higtruOT'concentrations recorded in the Cersuda Petrel 2.7 and in Che Skua fro* Antarctica , which are species of tha high sees, also indicate that coastal regions rare not the primary source of contamination. A quantitative spprccch to the problon of aerial transport of pesticide ovor tho aoa has boon cado by measuring poatlcldo concentration* m airborne pea osos** sen o3 ion r WATER PCB-SD0000056049 i i < \* I rl (?;) 0 "tr til- p;- 7rar. Cp'dl-erg, Criffln -"d ril<e, Jt *cil.V' 1 1lu- o*i f Oc-.anogr.ipli/ h.vre collected .i<r'-orric partltul.Me utter J ejh tcrren.-i co.vrcil with glycerin vtilch 'ot Wen cinwi< ej *a .terl^p* pier f" JollA. Out! cullrcird " tu-h jcri-rn* )n sivrral arr/<i pf cite fjrJ4 |UHj prv**l7 bt.n thown la eu.'.raiu. tlx ctncral tele li. cvrc.'ntrjtlana OMth hi(i.tr tl'- expected on tlic b.isi* f 111 rv.tur.'.l <1 ittril.v: ion (31J. Tale he* been extensively weed a* e d'.lvc.-it (or prsc*cldcs, la .-.ddlllen ta atSer industrial t-pMcntlons. Moreover, the rate at which t^le hae seen deposited on glaciers :!r* ** ilio-i a s lgni f 1 e-.ie tnercsir otter 19*0 (31). Analysis ( the alrborsa dutt ealleetH o.n the Seripp.i Tier thov:d that-pesticides, psedosinacely p.p'-DOT . were presan: in cer.cenc r.i t lam ranging f job one ta eighcy-enc part* per allllan, eorrrtpor.flng to A re.nn value o( 7 x 10 1 gra=u per cuhic aeter a( ir. The aetheJ Iractianates ug.tlnst those esterlil* carried as particle* led than. ' several olera ar present c: valours. TM* value 1* therefore t lover Halt _ * of ths aeaunc o i ehlarlr.stcd liyU toe a r Iron a la the air. ha rci peaks were ^ observed In (he chrouatograca of the duec extract*. Them vara thee peeled, concencrasad, and lapsnlilod in oroer ta degrade OOT snd 003. 7C3 wa* sot 1* prtsenc In the aapenl/led extract* and a ncslnun eooeentratloe a( J pph vaa calculated far the dwat sonnies', 10,000 cleaa lawet llvaa that n( the cecal peatlcf-fn*. Sine* the radar, sf PCS cn 0DT observed in fish and bird* la rwch higher. It ' vauld appear chat the ?C3* renaln a* vspawet ia the air and d* Ml sdvnrWta . i patclsulac* eactcr. In Che near future vj hope ta obtain air snap tea adilah ' " have been patted through a culd ehsxitr la vhich pels, pottle Idea and aeba* . - caapoundi present a* vapeura would ciadeaso. -* .4 * . ' o'*'*j The wlnda *C the Set Ippa pisr la La Jell* are predominant ly landward'4ithr . t.i ur.knovn frtetlan of air f ran naerhw agricultural areas. Allueutgb the lttk _ i of V.nsvlrdga shout air clrnlatlot pattern* and fallen: rtet Nlat dlfflrelt ~ -< i tt tec present tire a calculation a 1 the asausta of p-atleidta hrnnght to (be ceattal vater* ai California by vic.da, tueh a tr.'-irpirt 17:1c* could account ? for the unexpected geographical dlatrlLucloa of the 0OT cocpoemda in flab. . The Selaoee research Covne.11 of tho United Kingdom hod oarller toutltd a dollar tcruea an tha eoattrn tip of the Island of lathadn* La so accnmpt ' ta eslleet eatrattrrettrial dust at eutiarite origin. The Jterchaaa* Trades * ac Harbtdas have blova ever 3004 bllosttira af cha tropical Atlantia sad It was cherelata considered highly unlikely that any dust accumulating ee tho screen could be t* continental origin. This aaswepcloe was, bwtvtr, In error, sines al|nl(lcanc tenacities of alrlone partlcslats ssterlal word collected on the actcco which upee niaeraloglcal aud biological etnoinatlnn ptrved to ho eeec likely fro Africa and lumps, rollout rotas et tha dust ever the . ctaplcal AcJUotie sod ltd contribution tn the bnctse ted 1 seed vers calculated (t{. Cm taaplas warn iak*i,otly otf< avo Liable tn wo (ac trulyit*. Thu ene- cancraclnea f Mttltlfu i* thn duac ranged frt* lets than m pare par blLlln* tn 1M pph. Villi' to swerace valee n( *1. Kncvlcdgc of thn fallnut racn over ' the ad-tan ibis p as ibid an tiliatti el thd quantity of pascldfon entering thn Cinplenl Atlwlt betvreen thn Caustnr and 30* . This flguru, n nfnfaun value I nlncn tbs ixwvrty nf very sull partlcnlacn nacarlal* veu Iw, van *00 diagrams ) o year, which ctcptras with the veins of i, W kllngreM catering San. yraeelsen. day la thn San Jnt^vlt and Setrar<nca llvurr (III. 1* cannot he enecludcd that thua neatleldnn had originated e-ly In Africa! (bn DOT iuUmi occuvrlstlng o . M* 034347 1CM 0310)4 WATER PCB-SD0000056050 'i /< U w / j. (he rare rad declining Eeru*da Petrel (J2| lC,,e Imk ` tn vor)4. ' . Cr** *"r ;rt af Koot af the chlorinated lt)frojft>vin content of the ynrtleulcic oaterlal ai ratine air 01 r.r'' T. hovrver, the i*rj* propoit l*i ( Ike tol.il OUT In o*rlne fish end 'bl r*. The perec nt .-.;e (. 00C t la lover In flak froa .tan fr-mtUe# C*y and Tu^et Sound; OJT and ODD are cooMuriilvely sure abundant. UOt. however, coxyrlie* only 221 of the total DOT reaidv* entering Jan rr*ncia<* Cay Ir tlie Jan Joaquin tlrer (2) and in . htttoa awd, wfierc anaerobic condition* eigne pcovall, OUT can ko expected.t* ha converted :a 009 raclier than to OPC (13,29). Tram <u*-v_:li*o and Intcec toxicity itvdici it has keen concluded Chet OOC la relatively haralcaa. kaecat * reacareh at the Patuxent Ulldlile Ccaeareh Center, ho*.-aver, Sava Indicated that the texiciiy of DOS ta hir-Jn la no eh higher than expected and aay he about or.a hall that of p,p`-0T (21). Like p.p'-OOT, y,p`-OOI to capthlo.ef Inducing liver epoxtdaec e.ixynca (11). Such cnaync* degrade *z horaanoi'^y hydroxylocIn; then (19) and thetehy nay affccc calcium oecaheltam, da evidcac* of eb.-roriial ealclua retabollia ha* yee keen okiervcd ta aeo bird*, hue a olgnlflcaat decreatc In <ct*hell weight at acvoral ktxda at prey la IrltJin after the Second k'orld far 1* evidence a( a fundamental- chan(a. La.the aavlroaaanc (20). . Tha offaet* af tha 901 ceopeunda upon natural population* remote. uakkoca. \ha highest concentration* to far recorded vetd La oa adult female ?*t*griM falcon from Callfcrnia, where tha apecloa ha* rcccacly under{*ne a aharp.;. decline (22), .. V. U Application af tha ptrxiatcnt klHifci and the relaaaa af nondegradabl* - vaota produce* into the environment have frequently keen Juttlflad hy argvuoct* that point out the: local population* af org.iiUtu* rex*in relatively uncontimlaatad and eh*', atpaclally In the cate af ch* chlarlnatcd hydroeackoa Lntactleld**, eve* the peraioccnC eor-peund* dliappear vlth tlate. It ta abundantly'clear thar' chaoa argueonc* haw* ketaee nlxle.-dlng, Irrelevant, and wrong. Pollutants de (o overyvhert, TV*** which are n#*-pol*r, vatar-inteluhl* aod which have . finite vapour prciauru* will ovontually appear In uric* food chela*. TV* SOT compound* aiU ch* polychlorinated biphenyl* have already dan* t# am alarming degree, ^ * n* QS09* o .**" OSJOjf r i1 i WATER PCB-SD0000056051 .W / TAJ LX I .eilt.i collection: of rortl.crn Anchovy (fn^r-noilt Tirifji) ,*4 _lli Solo (yortohrr^ vc. nln:.) from Sjj rcj/.ciico lLty a.u. Cilifomfo ml vitm. <* / -* - / / S?o tie# / loctltey, Xto X* / / K4rch4f Anchffj t I Mean Wt Cc) y,y,-0Otk TmiI WT* / ! / / / t/ . ' ' o Sill rroncltco Ilf July 21, IMS Son rronotoeo toy XovuUex 4, 1*S Mooctrty Nnvtafctr 30, IMS Horrt Soy ' j-jbo it, ists fort ItuonoM fotruory 24, 1144 17 ' 21 . 30 *21 13 12,4 . (4-22) 0.21 O.OS 4.0 (2-3) 0.11 . O.OS 14,S (21-33) 0.40 03.11 23.1 (11-33) 0. <3 o.i: 11. t 2.44 (2.0-21.3) 00.77 o.si O.ll O.li 0.04 o.fO:: 0.74-T 0.22 .M 3.04 * 1.00 - Torolnol *l#4 Loo An(clo, Jvroy 23, nts Cay11*4 SU ' Su Soy JoXy 23, XStS 44 m IS 11.7 (0.3-20) 10.2 1.1 * 14.3 (3-33) 0.14. 0.02 14.0 i.i o.'ss 0.07 So* TiimIm* Soy loyiiXtr 4, )9t9 . 33 17.3 (7.3:33) 0.13 O.OS 0.33 o.u lot fiafUooo * myfcft .lo IMS - MMMyoy , + Ittnory 15,1144 13 231 )173-300) 13 * X1S (11-202) 0.12 9.03 0.11* .. 00.04 0.33 0.13 0.74 *9.11 * (too 1. V. R)*krM?fc, K<noX, 0., 3. Kortlt, Jr., h4 0. S. Olttct o In yrtytratlM. DOT too Moot InoXwto tfco (vt luttn o( DOT, f^'-iwr w .* * ^ flU 050341 sen osioso r- i i WATER PCB-SD0000056052 o TACLC I. tr*rlu4 n4 ,?'-crT inJ tSelr p4p'-0Ji} Pip1*W3 . It rfcrirat Cv*r: p.jt'-DOt,. .f'-OOt wet vei(b: putt par nilllm, auai, tttMatd trrr, Unit* ... . c.`Wn<i i Fftft OSOSSO oi*0*1 r WATER PCB-SD0000056053 DD" * and ,..lj-'1iln,l.-.rcd TA8LE II O'CK) tf-ldurj in aariac flak. ^ Spaalaa, lafalicy, data n Mean Vt. Tatal X KS oor/rca ` () DOT 7.9'- M! . Xartbara Anakavy * ', * Terminal 7aland Juna 23, U43 44 11.7 .14.0 - U (4.3-20) >l. 1.0 14 Shlnnr fire* ' Ian Frtnclaca lay . 14 Octakar 20, 1343 3.3 1.0 (4-0) 40.1 21 1.2 0.4 Im fr?cl*C-2y 0tabr 20, 1343 San 2r:i;tlaca *y 4', 1343 Cnjllih Sala . ' 10 24.7 1.4 (10-41) 40.3 u 13.1 1.1 (1-493 +0M 33 *0.4 r.i a * . *_ *' , . 3) 1.2 0.94 ? 4a . a -- In Fra.-iclata lay July 29, 1943 # Sm rrMtlita lay Xaudubat 4, 1943 li 14.) 0.3) 23 (34)3) 40.07 u 13.3 0.33 .24 (7.3-33) O.U 0.U 0.11 3 3 ' Saa rraatiica Hektakly, Dac. 1, 1943 Kaataray Mn| 13a Jack XMlanl . . Cluadd lilaadd Iwlit 33, 1943 14a - - . N;t final January 29, 1944 13 233 0.19 (173-304) 40.04 13 ' 19)' (99-242) 0 3.74 +0.14 3) 11. 0.34 (43-141) 40.10 . ' a 22 791 0.10 (113-330) .10.03 43 * 0.03 4 70 0.04 19 * ", 37. 0.0* U '. - i .. 23 0.34 1.1 PM 030391 . SCM 031030 ~r WATER PCB-SD0000056054 1I t i J* r *. f i 1V > >ij a. 1 <~.! j t4 T4 '1 ii * 11ti*i .11 ^Vj :J ^ il if J. *' * *4 {.'- I *f : r-\ *$ r **j i* *+ 1 */ -t * 'S - `3 r^ .< :<4 !1 //. ... .. . / -)' ~ ' Hjka " . . .* ' Qi.mnal 7tlan4a rcbruJry 24, 1345 . nwia r=A* ' . r/.ru; n. eotlnu< J * ' - `- i jw 1.1 (61-177) . -1'1 ' ' V .-" <4 0.12 13 . l4j niicli 7-- 0.54 43 0.04 14 9.24 " Livac a Tcllavlla Tana U*a*4 Urtf1 0 * :* svipjac* Tu* * . . Ltvir^ *. Hut Alt* UvrH a Utl .' .3 * -- 0.22 -41 0.13 * - -- 0.04 . 4 . 13- MM 13 MM 3-- 13 23 12 M 0.07 U `NOa 0.02 0.42 0.1* 30 0.04 >7 . 13 " 1. 0._0J7 23 0.1 o.i 0.031 14 0.014 *8 >10 0.034 9.023 0.02* 9.004 U 21 NO NO >10 >20 * frtm fciaabfuc* M !< f24JCaacitraiaaa la vat val(kt, jw ' all) 1m. Mttat, t<Wr4 MtMi MX clUm llaita . - - ** k hnktn *lwy (ZitrravUt wr<M. Rlwt ftrck (Cr*tf*c*ner wtruin). facllat Salt ffar--*rvt wtwlva). raclfla Jaal'Xackcral (Trachvwa tWMtriw>. Uaka <f>rlvctlm rrglmjnf). :iM(la IUm Otomi thTwa). TtlUafUTM tThttmui ilkaaafM). illalack Tana (Cvchrwwaa #*!<). * lilt {MllW| liji CallfinU) Awg. it, ItU Turn CdiHX** *. I, IMS V.O. Mt 4atc<t4r lui tku 0.01 - * MR 050332 3lOjf I I j I* I WATER PCB-SD0000056055 TA3LT Jl, conunurd Central /strict (90* V, i* H) AuC. 13, 1JG3 Hawaii, nfvctJttr, 1343 ' Calapac** l*land, Kve*!*<r and Decenter, 1J43 'jp* fjiiii,' Ecuador, Spek 1, 1143 ' ,j . .............. - ' -. -I j .i PM 030531 IC* 031040 1 L A. WATER PCB-SD0000056056 > 4 .{ 4 \ 1 1 *. l-JU r- I / < i. ; . " -i . ' TXll.t III ' DOT* an! l'Cl rijtduc: In Marla* Mrtls* -,ni ir *V larccrine rilean*' ' ' - laaiilir, lit. latal OOTC Z DOC ' 7CI 007/KJ Caaaln'i Awltlai^ j.i 0.14 24 Kurralt*. Mut^ fofoar* ,. 0.7] 0.42 2.4 *? T 0.U 5. 74 0,00 S. II 0.24 10 . * bi Ciibfifi* 0.79 * 79 0.10 4 Xhlnararaa A,,klat* ` * '4 tl*iW*r-k(lJ4 ahairvatar* . 2.2 22.0 iMir ilcitviur^ 12.3 Utj ih*ar.-iui^ W.3 lirttrlM filcM^ Iciiit M<rU| mcm4 . yar foili, nlgraac tcm Arcrla . 104 27 * 92 . 94 a 0.24 2.1 1.2 0.9 7 99 22 * ` U, `1 1 12 7 - 4.3 liii'il mmU, laaacar* California ` . ' 11 * 29 ; 10.3 . 1.2 Irui: agacla, aOwlc California 1U -90 109 * 1.0 . . i trm UMkrM(ll at al. (24) n4 llaahrevsb, Elrrra uj llama* (221 i hr tttln UH n:(|ic Partsrla* at p.c'-OOT, 'o.o'-m,-ctc'>esz, c,c'>ooc; r*tu car auiiw, wt i|kci 4 ft**h*raMha* aleuMrua. afolt (aaala, foralia* Itl**4a, Afril, IM4| at lrt<Wtr?ly *ntvut. tinnttfj for, I. IW| fi folum r)rt|H. Kaiur*; *47. Xrr. 1, 19M| c* rhaforiUHM foHtrrica. Kaararar lay* fcr, 1, lM4f hi C<rrrMr<-n ewmaerraca. Tlaotarar for, fo*. 1, 11M| . fttflay ttaaterer i>7i Dm. 12, 1944) JJ Ufflmn triim*. ' Kaararar tar, Ca*. 1, 19C4; `41 fra* kUthraash, Cirrta <*4 forma* (22), SCM '091041 CM 090994 ~r I ( WATER PCB-SD0000056057 *i.*v I X \ .< f- I I 1 .f j TAMS If MT rCS content In <C* { sever*! V(rW epcclei* i . Spaelaa, laaallcy a r#tji I ica DOT/J^i U/T ;F.f'' DOC . liU('l Cintrui^ (rMlacrocsras nMclHatw) . 7a rail an IalaiUa ' Pelagic Camarm*. (Plialxtxaru xiLKisai/ ' taa Mataa Ca. Calif. 17 2 Mint Urla aalcc . /arallan Ttlaaia ` 4 PleMa CaUliaM ' Cgi*wt err 11* ruaUaa lalaala ' 1 . Saa Kataa Ca. . ' . 1 * * * 32* 51 113 2.1 * * 121 (125-130) 50 . . . 42 (44-73) . * 2.X. 1; 4 , . 1545 H (532-5421) # 110 103 . 33 n * : 530 (344-1010) 5.1 : *a * 20 ._ 3.3 42 2.7 * Ciaala'i AaUat ' rtrtMrialwi iImIcm * ' Panllf* uimtiM a . ** * *- * .. * - bmum iU kOp ayllaitaHa . . . '. * . , * * *. .l . . 147 n (127-147). a . ` 423 ' -* 33 -. * 15 (32-10) . . - * 11 a ' . , . 111 3.1 ' * . * NM49 Cm* i 233 M . m 2.1 \ ' * . tm Iraaaiaaa t<r . X t* i *a _ . . . 451 07 ** . 1.15 5U O30SSS . *" a* . * # * a- * *` * .' * ** # N* tCM 031042 r I j i l^ZZ~ WATER PCB-SD0000056058 TAIUZ I.', ttulUwi IU(k><r^r4 Xi(h; fiacaa ,'.V<t1ttf I'TttlXKK Su rniidict. Ity CJpla Tara n<rrrrorfia <a*la 1 )*i 19 3)0 1.4 . 1 *49 99 24 94 . . Im rrtadiu 1*7 a .1 12)9 t) Cl 310-1322) 5m Dicta Ity . J 1* JO II on-itj*) Taracara Tara li!C1 <fUL*l ' 5u Plata Lay *' - 2 (49 If 0)4-732} Uaat fa era I . (flTiira nlcrfiari Li]< Callfarata ' '0 * 3 90 " <29-27} *a 44 10) 1.7 ((*0-3)0) <1.9-2.0) . 1010 030-1(00} 1.4 a a .1 IK <n-i)7) 4 . .i 9.4 0 . ; 9.1 (1.2-3.0} * "' 10 4 Taratrlaa falaaa* Talc# ix-raerlw^a # -' ' t* 't * laja Callfarata 1 (190. w. 472. 10 . a4 a: uiil'ai(rt;rw<( H iMflu paalaO f fO Mlyidi >p'*000 (MMt iw(U (r U U U40' <1 fraa Uukft^*, ltma( htM (22). * ' 090)1* ** )I04| r WATER PCB-SD0000056059 r^-CTEtCtl (1) ACEEE, f., JC., ICT.OZA, M., OKXXX, K.c. J. ,'tr. 7oM 0\m. il (1)39) 271. - (2) EAU.CT, T./-., IIA-TOJK, J.X., J. linic. L*. M. A*r. 1+*. Civil tnjr*. 52 (1)07) 27. * . |3) 1x7.TUA, K., L^ZIU/TTA, 2.7., TlM tl, D., Af?l. Kierab. 13 (11(7) <7. -. (.) w.v.\r, :j.c., /.cm, r., j*., cotjctt, x.e., j. Ar. r*4 aa. 1 (1)00) 104. .. ' (3) KSCVU, H.c.-, Actrt. r.-. j*.. Lorcra, c.j., ituou; H6 (1)0*) -U*0. . I*J tsisux, x.c.i Acwr, . JR-, sam, c. a., iooza, m., j. .Ecm. Cr.toMl. 2i. (1)33) 1033. - (7) 3=zidc:)/xj:, a.v., oixtouor. c.c., xalvjuka, t.i., uanctoe, J.J., CXEEf, I.S., Public Jlecltb t*rt. |2 (1)7) 13*. - l*) JCjcrrr, a.c.. deucet, a.c., faciic, o.w., cxima. j.j., .v auiue, E.9., Rri.'vjo*. J.t.r., c*ciu. c,ak1iu. juw ' * 21 (1)47) *43. .. ; (3) OxwaxtllM ( TS.mIwU Halt Vtlgas, *1 (`i--Ut m 71iritb*U . lial: YiImi, f-tti :a Cm(<(i< M CmwmuuI U4gtrUl' . iRnltu) 1)44. : (10) 7/UCT, J.E.*. <U7CUCX, J.tf., TVJCOX, H.*., TmtlcUccKattU. J.,-. ; 1 4 (1)C) 30. . * (11) C1UXTT.. J.tf-Ck aus, T.H.. TIMlItt, L.C., 4t. 7#*4 Cna. J4 4 * (1344) 310. (u) vjjxzs, c.r. , LiarTCtSTTin, t.r., j. ocm. cumi. j* (lXi) 103*. ` * . .. (13) HUB, A.T., IfAesoni, K., Kitur* 22 (1M7) 1274.. *. U1 S3UXS, gr.c., smss*. j.*.. tattox, j.o'c., icc ill (D47) 227. (13) JORJOI, I.T., COOQKAC, C4LDKEC, B.S., klitu 121 0)47) 340. * . ` ** (14) itanrsrm*. i.f., axousos, j.f., rvmcun, r.w., scnou, ll, 31ot ill (1)4*) U10. .. . - (17) H0C3XT, *.J., tttLH, J.K., KTWU1. C.*., r(U14 Mmit7 J. 1 * . 4 (1)M) 27. *. (It) JCAS9, K.C. VOOUaS, E.A., )! JH (1347).324. (19) FCASALL, .*., Ikt( Hi (1947 ) 303. - '. ... (20) JUDCUm, 0.A., l4(n JH (1)47) 204. . (U) .xiraaoBSi, wccrr, *.j., curra, j.j., colsum, E.r., . . ItlUtt ill (1)44) 1333< - * (a) utnara, *.#., ximz, hewas, s.c., u (23) iitduoa, :san., .*., MAatut, o.J., J*-, olcoxt, i.s., * lUuw 114 (2*473 349. . (14) nitOMI, I.V., X2X2H, 1.3., MAXTU, O.J., J*., OlOOTT, la rrtftfilU*. . . , (33) 1AX, I.I., Cj;rM ?r*prrtl ( 1*4((1a1 Owittlf, IMjJmU, Kv Tbck, (1943). . - ------------ .. PU 030997 * .. ` ' *ll 091044 r WATER PCB- u HCrUin.'Ctl, continued (26) TATTON, J.O'C., r.UZICKA, Kari.rc 2n (1967) 2*6. (27) TUXIfSOS, O.R., Wlaconain Conacrv.-.ii in Oeparuicnl Survey /Upotc, February 1*, 1966. . (28) United Stataa Department of the Interior, Ffh and Wtldllle Service; Wildlife Research Probjuas rro-raea rro;r* 1966 Resource Publication (2, Vashinjton, 0. C. (291 VTJJE-XYER, C. , Science _1!2 (1966) 9*7. ' (30) vaiX'u.rvK, 0., J. Aaa. Off. Anal. Chca. 10 (1967) 1069. (31) V2KOOS, It.. Clims, J.J., C0l.O3r.RC, r.O., environ. Set. Teehaol 1 (1967) 923. . (32) VUMTtR. C.r., J*., UIXCATt, 0.8., telenet U5 (1568) J79. (33) The National Selcnee Poundetlon, (crane CP 0362) provided financial support. I thank P. I.. Aaoa, K. C. Coldberj, S. C. liarnan, K. .V. Klrven, H. 3. Olcott. P. Relche and C. L. Rudd for ll.cir eaalatanca. The Konaanto Chcalcal Coapeny (onerously - provided aamplca of Arocior 125* and 1262. Pftft 030338 SCI* 0910** % WATER PCB-SD0000056061