Document e5XyV5aqYQr702YeGxjX6gGJG

._ API BULLETIN ON PRECAUTIONARY LABELS API Bull. 2511 Third Edition August 1969 Guide for the Preparation of Precautionary Labels for Petroleum Products I For general This is not information only. an API Standard. Ii AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE Division of Environmental Affairs 1271 Avenue of the Americas New York, N. Y. 10020 .-_.___- ........... .-------. ..-.__..- -.-_____-... ._ _ ... ~- .. CONTEhTS PACE .I GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 nr . PETROLEUM PRECAUTIONARY LABELING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 I11. DEFINITIONS O F PRECAUTIONARY TERMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rv. PREPARLNG PRECAUTIONARY LABELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7 V. LABEL CONTENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Name of the Product., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Signal Word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Statement of Hazard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Precautionary Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Emergency Action and/or First Aid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Container Handling, Storage & Spill Cleanup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I' Poi'sonI Y Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Labeling of Experimental Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 VI. AEROSOL CONTAINERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 . VI1. FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 VI11. A P I SPECIMEN LABELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Antifreeze. Methanol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Antifreeze. Permanent Type (with sodium arsenite) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Antifreeze Permanent Type (without sodium arsenite) . . . . . . . . . . . . Aromatic Naphtha (extremely flammablc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aromatic Naphtha (flammable) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aromatic Naphtha (combustible) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aromatic Petroleum Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... Asphalt, Petroleum, Cutback (extremely flammable) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asphalt. Petroleum. Cutback (flammable) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asphalt. Petrolcum. Cutback (combustible) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Benzene (Benzol) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Calcium Sulfonates (23% or more) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Calcium Sulfonates (under 23 % ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cutting Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline. leaded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline. unleaded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline Pump Label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gear Lubricant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... 3 11 15 16 16 12 12 12 13 17 17 18 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 15 . ..... 4 AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE .. Kerosine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leaded Lubricants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Methanol Antifreeze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mineral Seal Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mineral Spirits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Naphtha. Aromatic (extremely flarnmable) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Naphtha. Aromatic (flammable) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... PAGE 15 15 15 16 16 12 12 Naphtha. Aromatic (combustible) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Naphtha. PetroIeum (extremeIy Qammable). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 18 Naphtha. Petroleum (flammable) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Naphtha. Petroleum (combustible) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Permanent Type Antifreeze (with sodium arsenite) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Permanent Type Antifreeze (without sodium arsenite) . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Petroleum Asphalt Cutback (extremely ffammable) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Petroleum Asphalt Cutback (flammable) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Petroleum Asphalt Cutback (combustible) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Petroleum Naphtha (extremely flammable) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Petroleum Naphtha (Qammable). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Petroleum Naphtha (combustible) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 19 Sodium Sulfonates. oil soluble (12% or more) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Sodium Sulfonates. oil soluble ( 5 1 2 % ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Stoddard Solvent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sulfonates. Calcium (23% or more) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 13 Sulfonates. Calcium (under 2 3 % ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sulfonates. Sodium (12% or more) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 19 Sultonates. Sodium (5-12%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Toluene (Toluol) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Xylene (Xylol) (flammable) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Xylene (Xylol) (combustible) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 20 20 20 .. PRECAUTIONARY LABELS I. GENERAL .P Historically, the American Petroleum Institute has had a continuing interest in the safe use of petroleum products. Safe use is an integral part of realizing the social and economic benefits of petroleum. Experience has shown that an effective aid in safe use is a simple system of precautionary labels applied to the containers of products which may be hazardous. The policy of the American Petroleum Institute with respect to precautionary labcling of petroleum products is expressed in the following statement: Voluntary industry activity possesses the great advantage of flexibility to meet changing conditions. Specific, detailed, and rigid regulations enacted as law cannot be revised promptly to keep pace With development of products and usages. If any'legislation is deemed necess a r y to supplement voluntary industry activity, it should be of the enabling type which would authorize an administrative agency after public notice and public hearing to formulate, promulgate, and amend minimum requirements governing the use of precautionary labels. As a guide for the preparation of petroleum precau- The petroleum industry recognizes the value of pre- cautionary labels on contakers of commercial products when thek normal use and handling may constitute a Fs l a w c a n t ne-ccident hazard. t tionary labels, the API Committee on Precautionary Labeling has prepared this bulletin of principles and suggested wording of labels for certain products. The bulletin is presented with the fullest rea!ization that it Through the American Petroleum Institute, the industry is working on labeling problems along the lines cannot take the place of proper education in the safe use which are being followed by other industries through their respective associations, and .the Institute is co- operating with other groups actively concerned with the preparation and use of precautionary labels. II. PETROLEUM PRXCAUTIONAPCYIABELS The great bulk of petroleum products present no hazards in normal handling, storage, and use. With many, flammability may be the sole risk, and the extent to which this risk is present is roughly indicated by the predominant use. The labeling principles presented herein are directed to those products, currently being produced both in increasing variety and volume by the petroleum industry, whose nature requires special precautions for handling and use. Through the medium of such labels, it is hoped that precautionary information may reach all thosc who apply, store, or handle these products. By this means, they may be better safeguarded at all times. Thus, precautionary labeling is a proper part of petroleum refining and markcting. The preparation of a generally serviceable, informative precautionary label is not a simple task. Petroleum products may have diverse uses. One or more of these uses may involve greater personal hazard than do others. In such cases the label must be an intelligent selection, representing both the major hazard and the normal use and handling. The handling oE pctroleum products has already been the subject of federal, state, and municipal legislation. All such statutory requirements must be considered. Usually the precautionary label supplements thc statutory requirements. These, however, may be conibincd occasionally, ;is in the wording for fuei containing tetraethyllead (TEL) and/or other lead antihock compounds, where both flammability and the lead notice are combined. Where needed, the Department of Transportation's red diamond must also be affixed as a further indication of a flammability classification. The effective precautionary label is a true estimate of personal hazard based on experience; laboratory testing, especially biological testing; and the inherent chemical and physical nature of the product. The use of precautionary labels for relatively harmless products or the use of unnecessary warnings defeats the true purpose of this plan. It fosters user disregard of all labels ana actually promotes careless and improper handling. & cautionary wording should-be s e J g w L l h o s e who no: -B J J . . l G Y i l 5 T ~ t h eproduct but also have_: b r o a s p i n t a n c e with its field of use. With t h e ~ ~ ~ ~ l % ~ ~ f o l gluidoinwi i principles are suggested: 0 All precautioIiary statcmcnts must be brief, accurate and expressed in simple, easily understood terms. T,>Precautionary labeling should call attention not on]: o hazards arising out of the inhcrcnt properties of : petroleum product, but also to hazards arisins out o reasonably anticipated conditions of storage, handling and use. 5 .. *6 AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE 3. The possible need for a precautionary label must be detcrmjned for each individual product. This may also be true of each degree of refinement. Impurities may contribute to the hazard and should not be overlooked. Mixtures OE two or more products or mixtures with one or more additives should be considered individually. The hazard of the mixture cannot always be safely defined either from the nature of the components or by analogics baGd on the chemical structure or on the behavior of otheunixtures. 4. Precautionary statements should represent the best knowledge of the product and its behavior. If these data are not adequate, the label should recognize this, and the experimental nature of the product should be indicated. 5 . Variety in the statements for similar hazards must be minimized. Uniformity in lanpage to indicate the same hazards and the same degree of hazard is most desirable. It fosters understanding by all through association. 6. Precautionary labels are primarily intended for use on containers. In the petroleum industry, they are pre- pared for use on barrels and smaller units. Thus, the quantity is of moment when considering the wording re- lated to predominant use. Also, the label design and layout should be such that it is easily recognizable as a warning and is distinct from other markings. 7. It is equally important that bulk shipment customers be inform Because it D WCbLulk s h i p f i t s , many compniRlTdtise the customer of the, hZ!E'iFcious PEOR-re ur DY a u p ~ TFarning label on the invoice. 111. DEFINITIONS OF P'RECAUTIONARY TERMS Statutes and regulations making precautionary labeling mandatory mark its evolution from the earliest beginnings. Complementary to the development of such codes has been the definition of terms used in specifying such labeling. This part of the development has received extensive study by all groups engaged in such work. Accurate understanding of the many terms associated with hazard definition is a requirement of label preparation. The following definitions are provided as guides to those preparing labels and are the basis for the general recommendations which comprise API Bulletin 25 11. In general, they encompass the modes in which petroleum products are hazardous and the types of material which exhibit such behavior. In many cases they are exactly the same as definitions included in laws or in other manuals on label preparation. 1. Cornbusrible liquid: Any liquid which gives off flammable vapors over a temperature range above 80 F to 120 F, inclusive, as determined by flash point, Tagliabue Open Cup* (ASTM D 1310-67). (See VII. Flammability Classification, p. 11). 2. Container: An individual receptacle, such as a bag, box, barrel, bottle, tube, can, carboy, cylinder, or drum, which is used to store or dispense a hazardous substance. It does not include tank trucks, tank cars, pipelines, or equipment or devices used to hold hazardous substances during the process of manufacture. 3. Corrosive (physiological) : A substance which in contact with Living tissue causes destruction of the tissue by chemical action. The term shall not refer to action on inanimate surfaces. 4. Dusf: Solid particles generated by handling, crushing, grinding, rapid impact, detonation, and decrepitation of organic or inorganic materials such as rock, ore, metal, coal, wood, and grain. Unless very fine, dust does not diffuse in air but settles under the influence of gravity. 5 . Economic poison: 1, Any substance or mixture .9., f substances intended for preventing, destroying, re~ Hereinafter. the Tagliibue Open-Cup hlethod is referred to as Tag Open Cup. pelling, or mitigating any insects, rodents, nematodes, fungi, weeds, or other forms of plant or animal life or viruses, except viruses on or in living man or other animals; and, 2, any substance or mixture of substances intended for use as a plant regulator, defoliant, or dessicant. 6. Extremely fIammable liquid: Any liquid which gives offflammable vapors at or below a temperature of 20F, as determined by flash point, Tag Open Cup (ASTM D 1310-67). 7. Flammable liquid: Any liquid which gives off flammable vapors over a temperature range above 20 F to 80 F, inclusive, as determined by flash point, Tag Open Cup (ASTM D 1310-671. 8. Fumes: Solid particles generated by condensation from the gaseous state, generally after volatilization from molten metals and the like, and often accompanied by a chemical reaction such as oxidation. Fumes tend to flocculate and sometimes coalesce. 9. Gus: A normally formless fluid which occupies the space of enclosure and which can be changed to the liquid or solid state by the effect of increased pressure or I- 3decreased temperature or both. A gas diffuses. 10. Hazardous substance: Any substance or mixture of substances which: 1, is toxic; 2, is corrosive; 3, is an irritant; 4,is a strong sensitizer; 5, is flammable; or, 6, generates pressure through decomposition, heat, or other means-if such substance or mixture of substances may cause substantial personal injury or illness during, or as a direct result of, any customary or reasonably anticipated handling or use. Jg"i"1. Household Products: Any substance intended or packaged in a form, suitable for use in the household, or by children. A product, which might be brought into any place where people dwell, or in or around a related building such as a garage, carport, barn or storage she 12. Irrilant (physiological) : Any substance which on immediate, prolonged, or repeated contact with normal living tissue will induce a local inflammatory reaction. 13. Label: A display of written, printed, or graphic matter on or attached to the immediate container of a hazardous substance and/or the outside container or -- wrapper of the package, if any is used. PRECAUTIONALRAYBELS 7 14. LC,,: Airborne concentrations that produce in 50% of the test animals, from a 1-hour exposure. 15. LD,: The maximum dose which group of test animals. none 16 LD,,: The dose which kills 50% of a group of test animals by ingestion or skin absorption. 17. LD,,,,,: The minimum dose which kills all group of test animals. 1s. Mist: Suspended liquid droplets generated by condensation from the gaseous to the liquid state or by breaking up a liquid into a dispersed state, such as by splashing, foaming, and atomizing. 19. Mixture: A physical commingling of two or more substances which may or may not bear a fixed proportion to one another and which have not reacted chemically with one another. 20. Oxidizing maferinl: A substance which yields oxy- gen readily to stimulate the combustion of organic matter. 21. Poison (Highly Toxic): Any substance or mixture of substances which falls within any Of the following categories: a . Produces death within 14 days in half or more than half of a group of 10 or more laboratory white rats, each weighing between 200 and 300 grams, at a single dose of 50 milligrams or less per kilogram of body weight, when orally administered. b. Produces death within 14 days in half or more than half of a group of 10 or more laboratory white rats, each weighing between 200 and 300 grams, when inhaled continuously for a period of one hour or less at an atmospheric concentration of 200 parts per million or less by volume of gas or vapor or 2 m i l l i g m s or less per liter of mist, fume, or dust, provided such concentration is likely to be encountered by man when the substance is used in any reasonably foresecable manner. c. Produces death within 14 days in half or more than half of a group of 10 or more rabbits tested, in a dosage of 200 milligrams or less per kilogram of body weight, when administered by continuous contact with the bare skin for 24 hours or less. If available data on human experience with any substance in the aforementioned concentrations indicate results different from those obtained on aknals, the human data shall take precedence in any classification of a substance as a poison. 22. Strong semiliter: A substance which wiU cause on normal living tissue, through an allergic or photo- dynamic process, a hypersen'sitivity which becomes evi- dent on reapplication of the same substance. .-- 23. Toxic substance: A substance which has the in- capacity to produce personal injury or illness in man through ingestion, inhalation, or absorption through any body surface, and which falls within any following categories: L a. A substance that has an oral LD,, of more than 50 mg/kg, but not more than 500 mg/kg when admin- istered to rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each. (For household products the range is 50 mg/kg to 5 g/kg as stated in the Federal Hazardous Substances Regulations) 6. A gas or vapor that has an LC,, of more than 200 PPM but not more than 20,000 PPM, or a mist or dust with an LC,, of more than 2 mg, but not more than 200 rng per liter when the experimental animal is exposed for a period of 1 hour or less. c. A substance that has an LD,, of more than 200 mg/kg but not more than 2000 mg/kg when administcrcd by continuous contact, 24 hours or less, with the bare skin of albino rabbits which weigh between 2 and 3 kilograms each. 24. Vapor: The gaseous form of a substance which is normally in the solid or liquid state. A vapor diffuses. IV. PREPtiRIBG PRECAUTIONARY LABELS Modern technology demands functional labels which give information clearly and quickly. The statcnients must be brief; but, above all, they must be correct. They must inform and, by association, suggest a general type and degree of risk. Label wording can be correctly chosen only with the fullest knowledge of a product and its uses. Of primary importance is a description of the hazard(s) involved in the use of the particular petroleum product. This description can be prepared from a compilation of the available relevant information on the nature and uscs of the product. Thk is whv it was stated earlier that prccautiona rectcd by those 00-S--SC. Once the hazards have bcen clearly defined, it is dcsuable to classify them. Many products will present more than one type of hazard. Also, they may differ in severity. In general, the most serious hazard will be presented first for ready recognition and cmphnsis. I t is unwise, however, to try to cover too many contingen- cies, particularly in terms of misuse. The aim must always be to cover the significant hazards under nor- mally expected conditions of use. A table of suggested precautionary statements is shown on p. 8 (Table 1). With the data on a particular product available, this table is of help in selecting the wording most appropriate or the label. Regular use of Table 1 will aid greatly in the phrase uniformity which is so desirable in precautionary labeling. Table 1 is essentially the same as the one that a p pears in the MCA Manual L-1. It is used in essentially this form in a systcm set up by the Chemical Industries Association (G.B.). In using Table 1, consider the columns from left tc right. First, determine the one or more hazard class= involved. Evaluate these according to the degree 0: severity. Then, and only then, should the second COILUX be considered. -- In the second column, it is not intended that d rhr .. a Ah1ERI CAN PETROLEU hi INSTITUTE -x .m- W 0 .0- VxI Ja= m 0a >n T) C n uVI - 0:k.c > ._. .. PRECAUTIONA RY LABELS _.. 9 phrases will be used. Only the one or two which most accuratcly state the risk should be chosen for label use. This selection must be made to alert and inform the user. He should not have to discriminate behveen hvo or more phrases of similar import. i n e n discreet use of the first two columns has bcen made, thelast tn'o may be consulted. With the guideposts set, the dctails of the action to be avoided or action to be taken can be selected. Here again, not all the phrases should be used. One or hvo of them will adequately inform the reader of the label. If the selection is made carefully, the reader's comprehension will be more complete and his response more effective. Table 1 is simply a guide for selection of precautionary statements. There may be many instances in which the illustrative statements will not be applicable or will require rephrasing. In such cases, suitable state- ments should be evolved to reflect accurately the knowledge of the manufacturer or past experience in the use of the product. The specimen labels prepared by the API Committee on Precautionary Labeling will be help- ful. Precautionary statements as presented in this bulletin should be used in addition to, or in combination with, any wording required by law. Individual statutes, regu- lations, or ordinances may require that particular information be included in a label or that a specific label be affixed to a container. Typical of such laws and 3 regulations are Public Law 86-613, Federal Hazrdous Substances Labeling Act and similar state and municipal legislation; Federal Insecticide, -Fungicide and Rodenti- cide Act and similar state requirements; and Department OE Transportation Rulcs and Amendments. The labels illustrated in Section VlII are based on domestic requirements. For use in countries other than the USA, local labeling regulations and directives should be consulted. In each case the requirements of such laws should be studied. When shipments are made for export, the precautionary label statements are required in the official language of the country. In some cases this may require more than one language. In addition, symbols may be required. A number of states and cities have enacted laws governing the labeling of hazardous substances within thcir jurisdiction. Interested persons should write to the appropriate agency for information concerning these 1aws . It should be noted, however, that under the amend- ments to the Federal Hazardous Substances Act by the Child Protection Act of 1966, Congress preempted all laws of the states and political subdivision relating to precautionary labeling for household use. I n effect then, all labeling requirements are uniform throughout the 50 states insofar as meeting the minimum requirements of the Federal Hazardous Substances Act. Any state, or political subdivision could impose additional requirements; i.e., a state could, at its discretion, ban the sale of a product which would not be banned under the Federal Hazardous Substances Act, if properly labeled. V, LABEL COi\rTENT The components of an acceptable precautionary label were early set forth in Manual L-I, Guide 10 Prccautioriary Labeliris of Hazardous Chemicals, published by the Lfanufacturing Chemists' Association, Inc. (hlCA). These components have been included in nunierous state laws and regulations and are essentially those used in Public Law 56-613, Federal Hazardous Substances Act and Amendments. The same requirements appear in the model state regulation adopted by the International Association of Government Labor Officials (IXGLO). The Chcmical Industries Association (G.B.) recognized similar label makeup in its publication M a r k ing Conrairiers (latest edition). The Chemical Spccialties Manufacturing Association has published a compilation of labeling laws and regulations for hazardous subst ances. Precautionary statements are preferably grouped together in a prominent site on the label. They should be -printed in easily legible type which is in contrast by typography, layout, or color with other printed matter on the label. Thc label should be afGxed securely to and be in a conspicuous place on the container. Certain 1au.s and regulations specify Iabcl location and type sizes. In each case, the requirements of such laws and rcgulntions should be follo\ved. For example, the Federal Hazardous Substances Regulations rcquirc that thc type be of a size bearing a reasonable relationship to the other type on the main panel, The signal word, including the word poison, if required, shali be not less than 18 points Caps. and that the statement of hazards not less than 12 points Caps. The other items of label information must be no less than 10 points type. In the case of household containers, too small to accommodate these type sizes, reduction can be made to a size no smaller than is necessary and never smaller than 6 point type. The API Committee on Precautionary Labeling finds no needed change in these components of precautionary labels for petroleum products. The committee has agreed that the following are necessary in a proper label. Name of the Product In addition to any trade name used, the chemical or commonly recognizcd generic name of the container contents should be given. In mixtures, the chemical or generic name of the hazardous compcnents must also be given. This is a means of identification and should be presented as clearly as possible. Signal Tort1 The signal word commands the use;`s attention and dcsignatcs the dcgrec of hazard. The words used are DANGER! WARNING! and CAUTION! in descending order of seriousness of risk. 10 AMERICAN PETROLEUhf INSTITUTE .. .. Statement of Hazard A brief, accurate, affirmative statement of the major hazard(s) should be given. It should be in the correct order of prominence to indicate the nature and severity of the potential risks. -Careful selection is necessary to present this information in the most effective, understandable qanncr. Prccnutionary Ncasures The precautions should be stated in the same order as the statements of hazard. The statement of hazard(s) need not be repeated under precautionary measures. Actions to be followed and to be avoided should both be included. Erricrgency Action and/or First Aid Where advisable, brief, simple instructions for emergency treatment should be included. Inasmuch as these actions should be suitable for execution in all circumstances, they should be simple and based on both sound practice and the materials commonly and quickly obtainable. The primary purposes of all precautionary labels are to prevent injury and avoid damage. Instructions may include those instances where the results of contact or exposure are severe and where immediate action is desirable. Instructions for specific medical treatment should be omitted, except where required by law or indicated by special circumstances. Because of the possible serious arid lasting effects of eye injury, a reconimcndation to get prompt medical attention should accompany mosf instructions directed to emergency treatment of the eyes. Container IIandling, Storage 5- Spill Cleanup Instructions for safe container handling, storage and cleanup of spills should be a part of the precautionary label when indicated. This may include care in removing contents, if this be needed. This information may comprise a separate label or be combined with the components previously mentioned. "Poison" Usnge The inclusion of the word "Poison" with the skull and crossbones on a label shall be limited to those products which are poisons as described by definition + ? I , or where such use is prescribed by law. If used, this legend should be in addition to other label statements. It does not take the place of the signal word, "Danger," designated to show the degree of hazard. When the nature of a hazardous Substance requires the word "Poison," the label should include a statement of the preferred emergency action. Tfiis emergency action varies with the substance. If a statement of emergency action is considered necessary or required by law, the words "First Aid-Antidote" should appear in the label, together with the preferred or required action. ________________---- IN CASE OF SKIN CONTACT, PROMPTLY W A S H .TH_OR_OU_GH_LY_WI_TH_SO_AP_AN_D _ _ _WATER. _ _ _ _ - - Labcling of Experimental Products A nondescriptive code designation or trade name is not acceptable as the sole designation of a potentially hazardous product unless it is also marked "Experimental Product-Toxicological Properties Not Fully Investigated." Even when the latter is included, the label should clearly state any known hazards, e.g., "Flammable Liquid," "Contains Chlorinated Hydrocarbons," or "Corrosive to Skin." An example of a possible label is shown as follows: (11 (Name or description of product) I IFOR INVESTIG.4TIONAL USE ONLY ( 21 (31 (4) (5) IMPORTANT! Thc chemical, physical, and toxicological properties of this product have not been fully investigated and its handling or use may (be hazardous) (present additional hazards) EXERCISE DUE CARE. S . Jones 619 42nd St. New York, N.Y. 10017 1 In the blank spaces should be inserted the (1) name of product, ( 2 ) appropriate signal word, ( 3 ) statement of known hazards, ( 4 ) appropriate precautionary measures, and ( 5 ) appropriate cniergency action and/or. first aid instructions in case of contact or cxposure. ,. PRECAUTIONARY LABELS .... 11 VI. AEROSOL CONTAISERS 1. Widespread use of aerosols in metal cans both by .'' _ industry and in thc household makes their appropriate labeling a major concern. These cans contain materials under considerablc pressure, and their handling and storage should receive more attention than the ordinary sealed cab: All aerosol containers should bear the following label: WARNING! Contents under pressure. Do not puncture or incinerate container. Do not expose to heat or store at temperatures above 120F. Keep out of the reach of children. If the product has additional hazards, other appropriate precautionary labeling is also required. VII. FLARIJIABILITY CLASSIFICATION Table 1 , p, 8, differs from that of the MCA and of its history as an article of commerce and in accord- the National Fire Protection Association in its classifica- ance with the true purpose of all precautionary labeling. tion of flammability in terms of Bash point. Experience In contrast, the committee believes the range needing :5 of the American Petroleum Institute indicates that the attention is above 8 0 F but not above 120F. This third or lowest hazard class of flammability, Le., above includes products such as Stoddard solvent, a widely 80 F to 150 F, inclusive, flash point, is too broad. This used cleaning solvent, The volatility of materials in this rangc includes domestic heating oil, for example, which range is such that care is needed in handling these does not require precautionary labeling, both in view petroleum products. VIII, A P I S P E C I M E N LABELS The American Petroleum Institute and its Committee on Precautionary Labeling make no claim that the precautionary labels set forth in this bulletin comply with any particular statute, ordinance, or regulation; nor do they make any representation as to their sufficiency. Individual statutes, regulations, or ordinances may require that particular information be included in a label -3or that a specific label be aflixed to a container. In each case, the statutory requirements should be observed. The precautionary labels suggested in this bulletin may be used in addition to, or in combination with, any other such labels. The labels shown herein are illustrative only and should not be construed as standard or mandatory. No attempt has been made to conform with any statutory requirements governing type size and format. However, the sequence of the various statements is in accordance with good labeling practice. Some materials are sold both as industrial and household products. If a product is classified as a household product, certain statements are mandatory. For such products, both labels are shown. .. .. ' 12 A MERICAN P ETROLEUM INSTITUTE .... INDUSTRIAL . .-.\ AROMATIC NAPHTHA 3 Contains ovcr 40% aromatic hydrocarbons 1 ' ' DANGER! EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE VAPOR HARMFUL KELP AWAY FRO!.! HEAT, SPARKS, AN0 OPEN FLAME. KEEP CONUINER CLOSED. USE WITH AOEQUATE VENTILATION. AVOID PROL0::GED BREATHING OF VAPOR. _ _ _ _ _ _ AVOID PROLONGED OR REPEATED SKIN CONTACT. ________________________________________--~ . --~ -----~ -------------~ ---~ - For Promatic Naphtha having flash w i n 1 2CF or below TOC. hlinimurn volume quJntily for aromatic naphtha label. Actual perctntage may be staltd. HOUSEHOLD. AROMATIC NAPHTHA Contains o m 40% arunallc hydrocarbons DANGER! EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE HARMFUL OR FATAL IF SWALLOWED VAPOR HARMFUL KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT, SPARKS, AND OPEN FLAME. I F SWALLOWED, 00 NOT I N O N E VOMITING. CALL PHYSICIAN IMMEDIATELY. KEEP CQNTAINER CLOSED. USE WITH ADEQUATE VENTILATION. AVOIO PROLONGED BREATHING OF VAPOR. AVOID PROLONGED OR REPEATED SKIN CONTACT. KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILOREN. Fer Aromatic Naphtha having flash w i n 1 2OF or brlow TOC. 2 Minimum volume quantity for arcinatic naphtha label. Actual percentage may be stated. I f product contains 5 % ( w 0 or more of benzene. use household l a b 4 for benzene. I f product contains 10% (dor more of toluene o r xylene, use houwhold label for toIuenc or xylene. INOUSTRIAL AROMATIC NAPHTHA * Contains ovcr 40% aromatic hydrocarbons WARNING! FLAMMABLE VAPOR HARMFUL KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT, SPARKS, AND OPEN FLAME. KEEP CONTAINER CLOSED. USE WITH ADEQUATE VENTILATION. 1 AVOID PROLONGED BREATHING OF VAPOR. AVOID PROLONGED OR REPEATED SKIN CONTACT. ____________________________.___________- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - For Aromatic Naphtha h a v l q flash pmnt above 20 F but not above 60 F TOC. * t.ltnirnum volume quaniniy fcr iromatic naphtha label. Actual percentage may bc stated. HOUSEHOLD AROMATIC NAPHTHA Contains o w 40% aromatic hydrocarbons 0 DANGER! FiAMMABLE HARMFUL OR FATAL IF SWALLOWED VAPOR HARMFUL KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT, SPARKS, AtJD OPEN FLAME. IF SWALLOWEO, 00 NOT INDUCE VOMITING. CALL PHYSICIAN IMMEDIATELY. KEEP CONTAINER CLOSED. USE WITH AOEPUATE VENTILATION. AVOID PROLONGED BREATHING OF VAPDR. AVOID PROLONGED OR REPEATED SKIN CONTACT. KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILOREN. ____________________~ -----~ . --------~ -------~ -----~ -----------------------~ ---- For Aromatic Naohtha having flash point above 20 F but not abow 80 F TOC. Minimum volume quantity for aromatic naphtha label. Actual percentage may be stated. If Frcduct contains 5 % (wt) or more of benzene, use household label for tmzve. I f product conuins 10% ( w t ) or more of toluene or xylene, use hwsehold label for toluene or xylene. INOUSTRIAL AROMATIC NAPHTHA Contains ovcr 404'. aromatic hydrocrabons * . CAUTION: COMBUSTIBLE KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT AN0 OPEN FLAME, AVOID PROLOtiGED BREATHING OF MIST OR VAPOR. AVOID PROLONGEO O R REPEATED SKIN CONTACT. For Ammatic Naphtha having flash point above 80 F but not above 120 F TOC or legal rmuircment. :Minamum volume quantity for aromatlc naphtha label. Actual percentage may be slated. HOUSEHOLD AROMATIC NAPHTHA Contains over 40% aromatic hydrocrabons 0 DANGER! HARMFUL OR FATAL IF SWALLOWED COMBUSTIBLE I F SWALLOWED, DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. CALL PHYSICIAN IMMEDIATELY. KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT AND OPEN FLAME. AVOID PROLONGED BREATHING OF MIST OR VAPOR. AVOID PROLONGED OR REPEATED SKIN CONTACT. KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN. ___________- - _______- - - - - - - - _.__________________- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - For Aromalic Naphtha having flash point above 80 F but not above 120 F TM: w legal rquircmrnt. Minimum volume quantity for aromatic naphUla label. Actual percentage may be stated. I f producl contains 5% (*.Io)r morr of bcnamr use hourrhold IJbrl for bcnzene. 11 product contains.:.01 LWO or more of t o l u c k or vlrnc, use hwsehold l a k l for toluene or rylenc. PRECAUTIONARY LABELS 7''-.'! lNDUSTRl A L AROMATIC PETROLEUM OIL CAUTION! MAY BE HARMFUL TO SKIN PROLOSSED OR REPEATED SKIN CONTACT MAY CAUSE IRRITATION O R hlORE SERIOUS SKIN DISORDERS. I F COSTACT IS UNAVOIDABLE, WEAR APPROPRIATE OIL- IMPERVIOUS CLOTHING. D O W 3 T BREATHE h!lST OR FUMES. I N CASE O F SKIN CONTACT, PROWPTLY WASH THOROUGHLY WITH SOAP AND WATER. CLOTHING SOILED WITH THIS OIL SHOULD BE REMOVED AN0 UUNDERED BEFORE REUSE. _... ._ 13 INDUSTRIAL BENZENE (BENZOL) Y DANGER! EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE VAPOR HARMFUL KEEP AWAY FROI.? HEAT, SPARKS, AND OPEN FLAME. M NOT EREATHE VAPOR (OR hllST1. KEEP CONTAINER CLOSED. USE ONLY WITH ADEQUATE VENTILATION. AVOIO PROLONGED OR REPEATED S K I N CONTACT. 4& POISON 4& FIRST AID: I F INHALED REMOVE TO FRESH AIR. I F NOT BREATHING GIVE ART~FICIAL RESPIRATION PREFERAJLY MOUTH-TD-iqOUTH. I F BREATHING IS DliFlCULT, GIVE OXYGEN. CALL A PHYSICIAN. HOUSEHOLD BENZENE (BENZOL) )c DANGER! EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE VAPOR HARMFUL HARMFUL OR FATAL IF SWALLOWED KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT, SPARKS, AND OPEN FLAME. DO NOT BREATHE VAPOR (OR MIST). KEEP CONTAINER CLOSED. USE ONLY WITH ADEQUATE VENTILATION. I F SWALLOWED, DO FiOT INDUCE VDhlITING. CALL PHYSICIAN IMMEDIATELY. AVDlD PROLONGED OR REPEATED SKIN CONTACT. KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN. FIRST AID: IF INHALED, REMOVE TO FRESH AIR. IF NOT BREATHING, GIVE ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION, PREFERABLY h!OUTH-TO.MOUTH. I F BREATHING IS DIFFICULT, GIVE OXYGEN. CALL A PHYSICIAN. .____________________________________.__---------------------------------.------ NOR: M u w h o l d Products conlaining 5 % or m a t by weight ot brnxcne must be labeled as illustrated. INDUSTRIAL -1 CALCIUM SULFONATES , I ( A c t i v e calcicm sulfonates 23% or more and 25 tala1 base numbcr (TEN) or less except it animal testing indicates no eye damage.) i CONTAINS CALCIUM SULFONATES. DANGER! CAUSES EYE BURNS AVOID CO!lTACT WITH EYES. IN CASE OF CONTACT, FLUSH IMMEOIATELY WITH WATER FOR AT L U S T 15 hllNUTES AND GET MEDICAL ATlEf.ITION. INDUSTRIAL CALCIUM SULFONATES *!st ir (Actwe calcium wlfonates below 2396.) CONTAINS CALCIUM SULFONATES. WARNING! CAUSES EYE IRRlTATlON AVOID CONTACT WITH EYES, I N CLSE OF COf.TACT FLUSH IMMEDIATELY WITH W A l E R FOR AT L U S T 15 MiNUTES A N 0 GET MEDICAL AmENTION. HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS CONTAINING CALCIUM SULFONATES (Eye i n i t a l i o n t e s b are t h e final a n m c r In determining whether labeling is required The following wording IS SVWRled for PrOdUcts containing actwe calcium mllonatrs causing eye irrilation.1 CONTAINS CALCIUM SULFONATES. WARNING! CAUSES EYE IRRITATION AVOID CONTACT WITH EYES. I N CASE OF CONTACT, FLUSH IMMEDIATELY WITH WATER FOR AT LEAST 15 ~cIINUTESAN0 GET MEDICAL ATTENTION. KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILOREN. .. 14 INOUSTRlAL CUTTING OIL* AhlERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE I HOUSEHOLD - CUTTING OIL .. .. CAUTION! PROLONGED CONTACT MAY CAUSE SKIN IRRITATION WASH SKIN THOROUGHLY WITH SOAP A N 0 WATER AFTER PROLONGED SKIN CONTACT. AVOID G P E A T E D WEARING OF CLOTHING SOAKED WITH FLU10 OR OIL. CAUTION! PROLONGED CONTACT MAY CAUSE SKIN IRRITATION WASH SKlN THOROUGHLY W l T H SOAP AND WATER AFTER PROLONGED SKIN CONTACT. AVOIO REPEATED WEARING OF CLOTHlNC SOAKED WlTH FLUID OR OIL. AVOID PROLONGED BREATHING OF SPRAYS OR MIST. KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN. INDUSTRIAL GASOLINE * CONTAINS LEAD ANTlKNOCK COMPOUNDS FOR USE AS MOTOR FUEL ONLY DANGER! EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT, SPARKS, A N 0 OPEN FLAME. AVOIO PROLONGEO OR REPEATED SKIN CONTACT. AVOlO PROLONGED BREATHING OF VAPOR. KEEP CONTAlNER CLOSED. ____________________---~ ~ ------~ ~ ----------------------. ------- - - - ---. -~ ------- * For leaded q.%oline. HOUSEHOLD GASOLINE * CONTAINS LEAD ANTIKNOCK COMPOUNDS FOR USE AS MOTOR FUEL ONLY DANGER! EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE HARMFUL OR FATAL IF SWALLOWED 00 NOT USE OR STORE NEAR HEAT, SPARKS OR OPEN FLAME. I F SWALLOWED. DO NOT lNOVCE VOMITING. CALL PHYSICIAN IMhlEOIATELY. AVOID PROLONGED OR REPEATED SKlN CONTACT. AVOID PROLONGED BRATHING OF VAPOR. KEEP CONTAINER CLOSED. .____________K__E.E_P___O~UT-.OF--T--H-E---R-E--A-C--H--O-F-.C-H--IL--D-R--E-N-.------.-------------.--..--- * For leaded gasoline. INOUSTRIAL GASOLINE * DANGER! EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT. SPARKS, AND OPEN FLAME. AVOID PROLONGED OR REPEATED SKItJ CONTACT. AVOID PROLONGED BREATHING OF VAPOR. KEEP CONTAINER CLOSED. For unleaded qJsoline. HOUSEHOLD GASOLINE * DANGER! EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE HARMFUL OR FATAL IF SWALLOWED 00 NOT USE OR STORE NEAR HEAT, SPARKS OR OPEN FLAME. I F SWALLOWED. DO NOT IKDUCE VOhllTING. CALL PHYSICIAN IMhlEOIATELY. AVOID PROLONGED OR REPEATED SKIN CONTACT, AVOlD PROLONGED BREATHING OF VAPOR. KEEP CONTAINER CLOSED. KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN. _---____.----------__________._____ ' For unleaded gasoline. INDUSTRIAL (GASOLINE PUMP LABEL) GASOLINE * FOR USE AS MOTOR FUEL ONLY CONTAINS LEAD ANTIKNOCK COMPOUNDS ________________. _-. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . --. . . . -_. ___. ___________. ~ ~ ~ -~ ~ -. . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ --. --. . . ----- , For Icaded gasoline ~ PRECAUTIONARY LABELS INDUSTRIAL *GEAR LUBRICANT CONTAINS (CHEMICAL NAME OF SOLVENT); CAUTION! VAPOR HARMFUL. USE WITH ADEQUATE VENTILATION. AVOID PROLONGED OR REPEATED BREATHING OF VAPOR. __ ___ _ _ _ _ _ __ _KEEP CONTAINER .r.. __-._-.. _C_ _L_O_S_ E__D.... ~ _ _-__ __ _ _. _ _ _ _ _ __- - __.. -._ _ ~ _ _ _ _ ~ _ _ _ For Gear Lubricant lhat Conlaim a Hazardous Volatile Solrcnl. .. 15 INOUSTRIAL K ER 0SINE CAUTION! COMBUSTIBLE KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT A N 0 OPEN F U M E . AVOID PROLOPJGED BREATHING OF MIST OR VAPOR. AVOID PROLONGED OR REPEATED CONTACT WITH SKIN. HOUSEHOLD KEROSl NE DANGER! HARMFUL, OR FATAL, IF SWAL- .LOWED. COMEUSTlE l E I F SWALLOWED, DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING, CALL PHYSICIAN IMMEDIATUY. KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT DR O P E l FLAME AVOID PROLONGED BREATHING O F MIST OR VAPOR. AVOID PROLONGED OR REPEATED CONTACT WITH SKIN. KEEP OUT OF REACH OF UIILDREN. Note: Household producb rmlainirn 10% a m a e by wight of Kermim must be labcled a s illurlralrd. INOUSTRIAL LEADED LUBRICANTS WARNING!. CONTAINS LEAD COMPOUNDS AVOID EXCESSIVE SKIN CONTACT. AVOID BREATHING SPRAY MIST. DO NOT WSE ON FOOD PROCESSING MACXINERY. KEEP AWAY FRC!A ANIMALS, FEED OR FOOD PRODUCTS. HOUSEHOLD LEADED LUBRICANTS WARNING! CONTAINS LEAD COMPOUNDS AVOID EXCESSIVE SKIN COKTACT. KEEP AWAY FROM ANIMALS, FEED OR FOOD PRODUCTS. DO NOT USE ON FOOD PROCESSING MACXHINERY. AVOIO BREATHING SPRAY MIST. KEEP OUT OF REACH OF' CHILDREN. - .... INDUSTRIAL METHANOL ANTIFREEZE HOUSEHOLD METHANOL ANTIFREEZE ADANGER! POISON W@V MAY BE FATAL OR CAUSE BLIND- NESS IF SWALLOWED FLAMMABLE-VAPOR HARMFUL 9DANGER! POlSON MAY BE'FATAL OR CAUSE BLIND- NESS IF SWALLOWED FLAMMABLE-VAPOR HARMFUL CONTAINS METHYL ALCOHOL (METHANOL). CANNOT BE MADE NON-POISONOUS. AVOID CONTACT VllTH EYES. US E ONLY NI A WELL-VENTILATED AREA. KEEP AWAY FROfrl HEAT AND OPEN FlAME. DO NOT STORE I N OPEN OR UNLABELED CONTAINERS. KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILOREN. FIRST AID: I N CASE OF CONTACT WITH EYES, FLUSH THOROUGHLY WITH WATER. I F SWALLOWED, INDUCE V C : , ~ l T I f ~ C(GIVE A TABLESPOON OF SALT I N A GLASS OF WARM WATER). REPEAT UNTIL V O M I T FLUID 1s CLEAR. CALL A PHYSICIAN IfJhlEOIATELY. CONTAINS METHYL ALCOHOL (METHANOU. CANNOT BE MADE NON-POIU)NOUS. AVOID CONTACT WITH EYES. USE ONLY I N A WELL.VENTILATED AREA. KEEP AWAY FROhl HEAT AN0 O P U FLAME. DO NOT STORE I N OPEN OR UNLABELED CONTAINERS. KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN. FIRST AID: I N CASE OF CONTACT WITH EYES FLUSH THOROUGHLY WITH WATER. I F SWALLOWED ' IEDUCE VOhllTlNG ( G I V E A TABLESPOON OF SALT I N ' A G U S OF WARM WATER). REPEAT UNTIL VOMIT FLUID IS CLEAR. CALL A PHYSICIAN IMMEDIATELY. .* 3. 16 AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE ~~~ ..I INOUSTRIAL -).-.' MINERAL SEAL OIL . .s . CAUTION! AVOID PROLONGED OR REPEATED CONTACT WITH SKIN AVOIO PROLONGED BREATHING OF MIST. HOUSEHOLD MINERAL SEAL OIL CONTAINS PETROLEUM DISTILLATES. DANGER! HARMFUL OR FATAL IF SWALLOWED. I F SWALLOWED 00 NOT INDUCE VOt,lITING. CALL PHYSICIAN 1h:MEDIATELY. KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN. _______________________________ Note: Hcurehold products containing 10% or more by weight of mineral o i l mu51 be labeled as illustrated. -~ INDUSTRIAL MINERAL SPIRITS CONTAINS PETROLEUM DISTILLATES CA UTI0N! C0MBU STI BLE KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT AN0 OPEN FLAhlE. AVOID PROLOGGEO BREATHING OF MIST OR VAPOR. USE WITH ADEQUATE VENTILATION. AVOID PROL0::GED OR REPEATED SKIN CONTACT. . __________________. ___. ___. ________________________________________--~ -~ ~ . ---~ - For Mineral Spirits with flash p i n t above EO F but not abwe 120 F TOC or legal rmuirernrnl. HOUSEHOLD MINERAL SPIRITS CONTAINS PETROLEUM DISTILLATES. ' DANGER! HARMFUL OR FATAL, IF SWALLOWED. COMBUSTIBLE. IF SWALLOWED, 00 NOT INDUCE VOMITING. CALL PHYSICIAN Ih!YEOIATELY. KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT AND OPEN FLAME. AVOID PROLONGED BREATHING OF MIST OR VAPOR. USE WITH ADEQUATE VEriTILATION. AVOID PROLONGED OR R E P U T E D SKIN CONTACT. KEEP OUT O F THE REACH OF CHILDREN. --.__-_.____________------.-----------------------~------~----------------.--- For hlineral Spirits with flash p i n t abcre 80 F b u l not abow 120 F TOC or legal rrquimment. INDUSTRIAL PERMANENT TYPE ANTIFREEZE (Ethylene qlycol antifreeze containing 0.0196. but no more than 1% by weight sodium arsenite). WARNING! HARMFUL OR FATAL IF SWALLOWED DO rioi DRINK ANTIFREEZE OR SOLUTION. I F SIVALLOIVEO INDUCE V0:JITING IMMEOIATELY. CALL PHYSICIAN. ETHYLENE GLYCOL GASE CONTAINING SODIUM ARSENITE (LESS THI!J 19'0). DO !JOT STORE I N OPENED PR UNLABELED CONTAINERS. ANTIDOTE FOR SOOIU!.l ARSENITE: OIh'tERCAPROL (BAL) TO BE AOh?INISTEKEO ONLY 6 Y A PHYSICIAN. KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN. Note: Local labeling rewlalions may require lhis producl t o be labeled "Combustible." HOUSEHOLD PERMANENT TYPE ANTIFREEZE (Elhylene glycol antifreeze containing 0.019b. but no more than 1%by weight sodium arsenite). WARNING! HARMFUL OR FATAL IF SWALLOWED DO NOT DRINK A N T I F R E U E OR SOLUTION. I F SWALLOWED INDUCE VOMITING IMMEOIATELY, CALL PHYSICIAN. ETHYLENE GLYCOL BASE CONTAINING SODIUM ARSENITE (LESS THAN 1%1. DO NOT STORE I N OPENED OR UNLABELED CONTAINERS. ANTIDOTE FOR SOOIUM ARSENITE: 0If.lERCAPROL ( B A U TO BE ADMINISTERED ONLY BY A PHYSICIAN. KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN. Note: Local labeling rmulalionr may require this product l o be labeled "Canburtible." . .- INDUSTRIAL PERMANENT T Y P E ANTIFREEZE IEthylrne glycol antifmere containing 1 6 s than 0.0196 by Wright of sodium arxnite.1 WARNING! HARMFUL OR FATAL IF SWALLOWED 00 NOT ORINK ANTIFREEZE OR SOLUTION. I F SWALLOVIED. INDUCE VOMITING IMMEOIATELY, CALL PHYSICIAN ETHYLENE GLYCOL BASE. 00 NOT STORE I N OPEN OR UNLABELED CONTAINERS. KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN Note: Local labeling rwulai1oos may r q u t r e this product to be labeled "Combustible." HOUSEHOLD PERMANENT TYPE ANTIFREEZE (Ethylene glycol antifreeze containing Ins than 0 01% by weight of sodium arrm1ie.1 WARNING! HARMFUL OR FATAL IF SWALLOWED DO NOT ORINK ANTIFREEZE OR SOLUTION. I F SWALLOWED, INDUCE VOMITING IMMEOIATELY, CALL PHYSICIAN. ETHYLENE GLYCOL BASE. DO NOT STORE I N OPEN OR UNLABELED CONTAINERS. KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN. Note: Local labeling requlations may require this PrDdutt l o be labeled L'Comburl~ble." PRECAUTIONARY LABELS ... 17 INOUSTRIAL PETROLEUM ASPHALT CUTBACK * DANGER! EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT, SPARKS, AN0 OPEN FLAME. KEEP CONTAINER CLOSED. USE WITH AOEPUATE VENTILATION. AVOID PROLCh'GEO BREATHING OF VAPOR. AVOID PROL0f:GEO OR REPEATED SKIN CONTACT. 0 FGT products having flash point of 20 F or below TOC. HOUSEHOLD PETROLEUM ASPHALT CUTBACK * DANGER! EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT, SPARKS, AND OPEN FLAME. KEEP CONTAINER CLOSED. USE WITH ADEQUATE VENTlLATION. AVOID PROLONGED BREATHING OF VAPOR. AVOID PROLONGED O R R E P U T E 0 SKIN CONTACT. KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN. f For products having flash w i n 1 of 20 F or below TDC and with the viscosity d the product or any sewrated liquid being 1M SUS or more at 100 F. PETROLEUM ASPHALT CUTBACK * DANGER! EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE HARIvZFUL OR FATAL IF SWALLOWED KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT, SPARKS, AN0 OPEN FLAhlE. I F SWALLOWED. 00 NOT INDUCE VOMITING. CALL PHYSICIAN IMMEDIATELY. KEEP CONTAINER CLOSED. USE WITH ADEQUATE VENTILATION. AVOID PROLONGED BREATHING OF VAPOR. AVOID PROLONGED OR REPEATED SKIN CONTACT. KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN. -___________________~--------------.------------------~----.------------------ * For products having flash point of 20 F or below TOC and with the viscosity d the product or any separated liquid being less lhan 150 SUS at 100 F. INDUSTRIAL PETROLEUM ASPHALT CUTBACK * WARNING! FLAMMABLE KEEP AN'AY FROM HEAT, SPARKS, AN0 OPEN FLAhlE. KEEP CO!4TAINER CLOSED. USE WITH ADEOUATE VEt4TILATION. AVOlO PROLOtIGEO BREATHING OF VAPOR. AVOID PROLONGED O R REPEATED SKIN CONTACT. HOUSEHOLD PETROLEUM ASPHALT CUTBACK * WARNING! FLAMMABLE KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT, SPARKS, AN0 OPEN FLAME. KEEP CONTAINER CLOSED. USE WITH AOEPUATE VENTILATION. AVOID PROLONGED BREATHING OF VAPOR. AVOID PROLONGED O R REPEATED SKIN CONTACT. KEEP OUT O F THE REACH OF CHILDREN. * For products having flash point above 20 F to 80 F inclusive TOC, and w i h the v ~ s c o r ~ tay! the prcducl or any separated liquid being 150 SUS or more at 100 F. PETROLEUM ASPHALT CUTBACK * DANGER! FLAMMABLE HARMFUL OR FATAL IF SWALLOWED KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT, SPARKS, AN0 OPEN F U M E . I F SWALLOWED 00 NOT INDUCE VOMlTING. CALL PHYSIC1AN I hlh?EO1AT ELY. KEEP CONTAINER CLOSED. USE WITH ADEQUATE VENTILATION. AVOlO PROLONGED BREATHING O F VAPOR. AVOID PROLONGED OR REPEATEO SKIN CONTACT. KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN. ......_____-_--_..__.--.-~-__._.______ a For producls havtnq flash m l n l above 20 F t o 80 F inclustve TOC, and with the viscaity of lhe product or any separated liquid k i n g less than 150 SUS at 100 F. I1 18 AMERICAPNETROLEUM INSTITUTE c IWOUSTRIAL PETEOLEUM ASPHALT CUTBACK * CAUTION! COMBUSTIBLE KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT AN0 OPEN FLAME. USE WITH ADEOUATE VEIJTILATION. AVOID PROLONGED BREATHING OF VAPOR. AVOID PROLONGED OR REPEATED SKIN CONTACT. Fcr products haring flash point above 80 F t o 1 2 0 F inclusive TOC or lrgal re- quirment. HOUSEHOLD. ~ PETROLEUM ASPHALT CUTBACK * CAUTION! COMBUSTIBLE KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT AND OPEN FLAME. USE WITH ADEQUATE VENTILATION. AVOID PROLONGED OR REPEATED SKIN CONTACT. KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN. _________________.__~---.------------------..---------------------------------- 9 For products having flash point above 80 F t o 1 2 0 F inclusivr TOC or lepal rcqutrernent and a l t h the viscosity of the pmduct or any separated liquid being 150 SUS or more a t 100 F. PETROLEUM ASPHALT CUTBACK * DANGER! HARMFUL OR FATAL IF SWALLOWED COMBUSTIBLE IF SWALLOWED, OD NOT lNDUCE VOMITING. CALL PHYSICIAN IMMEDIATELY. KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT AND OPEN FLAME. USE WITH ADEQUATE VENTILATION. AVOID PROLONGED OR REPEATED SKIN CONTACT. KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILOREN. _________________- - - ________________.___- --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - For products having Aash point above 80 F l o 120 F inclusive TOC or legal requirement and w i t h the riscoslty of the product or any separated liquid being less than 150 SUS a1 1 0 0 F. .-' ,s INDUSTRIAL PETROLEUM NAPHTHA * HOUSEHOLD PETROLEUM NAPHTHA * DANGER! EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE KEEP AWAY FRO',! HEAT, SPARKS, AND OPEN FLAME DANGER! EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE HARMFUL OR FATAL IF SWALLOWED KEEP COIiTAlhEfi CLOSED USE WITH ADEQUATE *4ENTILATIDN AVOID PROLONGED BRECTHING OF VAPORS KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT, SPARK AND OPEN FLAME. I F SWALLOWED, 00 NOT INDUCE VOMITING; CALL PHYSICIAN IMMEOIATELY. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _AVOID PROLONGED OR REPEATED SKIN CONTACT KEEP CONTAINER CLOSED. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ________________. ___~_. .________-. -_-- _._-- _ - ~ - . ~ -US-E.W-IT-H ADEQUATE VENTILATION. For products w i t h a flash Point cf 20 F or below TOC AVOID PROLONGED BREATHING OF VAPOR. AVOID PROLONGED OR REPEATED SKIN CONTACT. KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN. INDUSTRIAL PETROLEUM NAPHTHA * WARNING! FLAMMABLE KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT, SPARKS A N 0 OPEN FLAME. KEEP COtlTAlNER CLOSED. USE WITH ADEOUATE VEt:TILATION. AVOID PROLOtJGEO OREATHING OF VAPOR. AVOID PROLONGED OR REPEATED SKIN CONTAn. 0 For products with a flash point above 20 F t o 8 0 F inclusive TOC. HOUSEHOLD PETROLEUM NAPHTHA * DANGER: FLAMMABLE HARMFUL OR FATAL IF SWALLOWED KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT, SPARK AND OPEN FLAME. I F SWALLOWED, DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING; CALL PHYSICIAN IMMEDIATELY. KEEP CONTAINER CLOSED. USE WITH ADEQUATE VENTILATION. AVOID PROLONGED BREATHING OF VAPOR. AVOID PROLONGED OR REPEATED SKIN CONTACT. KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN. ________________.__________.____________--..~------..--.~~.-~.~-~~.--~~ Far products w i t h a Rash point r b m 20 F to 80 F ixlusive TOC. 1-.. _ INDUSTRIAL PETROLEUM NAPHTHA * CAUTION! COMBUSTIBLE KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT AND OPEN FLAME. USE WITH ADEQUATE VENTILATION. AVOID PROL0':GED BREATHING OF MIST OR VAPOR A V Z 3 PROLONGED OR REPEATED SKIN CONTACT. _______________________________~ ---. ~ ~ ~ ------------~ ------~ ----. . ----------. . -- 3 Fcr prcduc!s w i t h a flash paint above e0 F, but not above 120 F TOC or legal rcquirrment. HOUSEHOLD PETROLEUM NAPHTHA * DANGER! HARMFUL OR FATAL IF SWALLOWED COMBUSTIBLE I F SWALLOWED, DO NOT INDUCE VOhlIT1NG; CALL PHYSICIAN 1fP WEDIATELY. KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT A N 0 OPEN FLAME. USE WITH ADEQUATE VENTILATION. AVOID PROLONGED BREATHING OF MIST O R VAPOR. AVOID PROLONGED BREATHING OF VAPOR. KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN. ._.__________._----..~--.----_-----.----- * For prcducts wi!h a flash point above 80'F. but not above 120 F TOC OT lryl requinment. INDUSTRIAL SODIUM SULFONATES (OIL SOLUBLE) (Active sodium sulfonaln 124; or more.) (Eye irritaticn tests are the final answer in determining whether labeling i s required. The fellowing uoraing i s suggested for products conlaining actlie sodium sulfonates caustng cyc damage:) r CONTAINS SODIUM SULFONATES -1 DANGER! CAUSES EYE BURNS HOUSEHOLD L AVOID CONTACT WITH EYES. I N CASE O F COrITACT, FLUSH IMhlEDIATELY WITH WATER FOR A T LEAST 15 MINUTES AND GET MEDICAL AlTENTION. PETROLEUM PRODUCTS CONTAINING SODIUM SULFONATES (OIL SOLUBLE) (Eye irritation tests are the final a n w r in determining whether labeling i s required. The following wording is SUg9CS:Cd for prcducu containing active sodium sulfonata causing eye damage:) CONTAINS SODIUM SULFONATES INDUSTRIAL SODIUM SULFONATES (OIL SOLUBLE) ( A c t w e iodlum sulfonates 5 to 1296.1 ( E y e irritalicn tests are the final answer in determining whether labeling is rewired. The follon.ing wording is suggested for products containing sulfonates causing eye trrita:ion:) WARNING! CAUSES EYE IRRITATION AVOID CONTACT WITH EYES. I N CASE OF CONTACT. FLUSH Ih1MEOIATELY WITH WATER FOR AT LEAST 15 hllNUTES AND GET MEDICAL ATTENTION. KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN. CONTAINS SODIUM SULFONATES ..-9A* WARNING! CAUSES EYE IRRITATION AVOlO CONTACT WITH EYES. I N CASE OF C0:ITACT. FLUSH IMhlEDIATELY WITH WATER FOR AT LEAST 15 MINUTES AND GET MEDICAL A'ITENTION. INDUSTRIAL STODDARD SOLVENT CAUTION! COMBUSTIBLE KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT AND OPEN FLAhlE. USE WITH ADEQUATE VENTILATION. AVOID PROLOIIGED BREATHING OF MIST OR VAPOR. AVOID PROLONGED OR REPEATED SKIN CONTACT. HOUSEHOLD STODDARD SOLVENT DANGER! HARMFUL OR FATAL IF SWALLOWED COMBUSTIBLE I F SWALLOWED, 00 NOT INDUCE VOhllTINt; CALL PHYS I C 1AN IM MED1AT ELY. KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT AND DPEN FLAME. USE WITH AOEQUATE VENTILATION. AVOID PROLONGED BREATHIHC OF hllST OR VAPOR. AVOID PROLONGED OR REPEATED SKIN CONTACT. KEEP OUT O F THE REACH OF CHILDREN. 28 .:-? . 20 AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE ..I INDUSTRIAL TOLUENE (TOLUOL) WARNING! FLAMMABLE VAPOR HARMFUL KEEP AWAY FROf.1 HEAT, SPARKS AND OPEN F U M E . KEEP WNTAINER CLOSED. USE WITH ADEQUATE VENTILATION. AVOID PROLCNGED BREATHING OF VAPOR. AVOID PROLONGED OR REPEATED SKIN CONTACT. HOUSEHOLD TOLUENE (TOLUOL) * DANGER! FLAMMABLE VAPOR HARMFUL HARMFUL OR FATAL IF SWALLOWED KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT, SPARKS AND OPEN FLAME. KEEP CONTAINER CLOSED. USE WITH ADEQUATE VENTILATION. AVOID PROLONGED BREATHING OF VAPOR. AVO10 PROLONGED O R REPEATED SKIN CONTACT. I F SWALLOWED, DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING; CALL PHYSICIAN IMMEDIATELY. KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREP. a Household products containing 10% or more by w i g h t cf toluene must be labeled as illustrated. INOUSTRIAL XYLENE (XYLOL)* WARNING! FLAMMABLE * VAPOR HARMFUL -):._.I... .. . . ,. KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT, SPARKS AND OPEN F U M E . KEEP CONTAINER CLOSED. USE WITH ADEQUATE VENTILATION. AVOID PROLOSGED BREATHING OF VAPOR. AVOID PROLOKGED OR R E P U T E D SKIN CONTACT. Flarh point BO F, w bel?. HOUSEHOLD XYLENE * (XYLOL) ** DANGER! FLAMMABLE VAPOR HARMFUL HARMFUL OR FATAL IF SWALLOWED KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT, SPARK5 AND OPEN FLAME. KEEP CONTAINER CLOSED. USE WITH ADEQUATE VENTIUTION. AVOID PROLONGED BREATHING OF VAPOR. AVOID PROLONGED OR REPEATED SKIN CONTACT. IF SWALLOWED, DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING; CALL PHYSICIAN IMMEDIATELY. KEEP OUT OF THE R U C H OF CHILDREN. _____.__._________----------------------.------------------------------ 3 Household products containing 10% or mre by weight of rylenr must be labeled as illustrated. a Flash point 80 F or below. INDUSTRIAL XYLENE (XYLOL) * HOUSEHOLD XYLENE * (XYLOL) ** WARNING! COMBUSTIBLE VAPOR HARMFUL DANGER! HARMFUL OR-FATAL IF SWALLOWED VAPOR HARMFUL KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT AN0 OPEN FLAME. COMBUSTIBLE USE \YITH ADEQUATE VENTILATION. AVOID PROLONGED BREATHING OF VAPOR. IF SWALLOWED, DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING; CALL AVOID PROLONGED OR REPEATED SKIN CONTACT. PHYSICIAN IMMEDIATELY. . _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - _ - - ~ - . ~ - - . - - - ~ - . ~ - - - ~ . - - _ _ _K_EE_P A_W_AY_FR_OM_H_EA_T A_ND_O_PE_N F_LA_ME_. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ USE WITH ADEQUATE VENTILATION. Flash point abcre BO F. AVOID PROLONGED BREATHlNC OF VAPOR. AVOID PROLONGED OR REPEATED SKIN CONTACT. KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN. .________.______.___--___---.--------- Household products containing 10: labalrd as i l l u ~ a l r d . * * Flash point above 80 F. or more by weigh1 of xylene must be -I c PRECAUTIONARY LABELS .- 21 API COllIlllITTEE ON PRECAUTION.ARY L A B E L I N G 1 9 6 9 E Doole Texaco 1nc.-Chairman nv-Y,-+i. W. E. Chalfant, Atlantic Richfield Company I. T. Fritz, British Petroleum Oil Corporation J. W. Hale, Phillips Petroleum Company J. W. Hammond, Humble Oil 6: Refining Company A. C. Pabst, Mobil Oil Corporation R. E. Rutherford, Gulf Oil Corporation J. A. Spence, Standard Oil Company of California H. H. Zuidema, Shell Oil Company .;.-A.-- _> 1.