Document e59xJrk8bJ6G9KkQgDoZ5pdmE
TOXICITY TO AQUATIC PLANTS
TEST SUBSTANCE
Identity:Perfluorooctanoiaccid,ammonium salt;may alsobe referredto as PFOA ammonium salt,Ammonium perfluorooctanoateP,FO, FC116, FC-126, FC-1 69, FC-143 or as the major component ofFC1015. (Octanoicacid,pentadecafluoro-a,mmonium salt,CAS 3825-26-1)
Remarks: The testsample isFC-1015. It'psuritywas notsufficiently characterizedt,hough currentinformationindicatesisa 30% straighctarbon chainversionofFC-143-in80% water. The 3M productlotnumber was "HOGff 205".
The followingsummary applies to the testsample as a mlxture of the testsubstance In water solutionwith Incompletely characterized concentrations of impurities.Data may not accurately relatetoxicityof the testsample with thatof the testsubstance. Data was used to comparv toxicityof the branchedlstraightchain ammonium perfluorooctanoatehomologue mixture InFC-143 vs.what Issupposed to be the 1000Astraightcarbon chain ammonium perfluorooctanoate In FC-1015.
METHOD:
Method: OECD 201, USEPA - TSCA, Buideline797.1050 Type (testtype): Acute Static GLP: No Year study performed: 1996 Species: Selenastrumcapricomutum Source: Originalolbytainedfrom the UniversitoyfTexas atAustinon January 10, 1996, maintainedinculturemedium atT.R. WilburyLaboratories, Inc,Marblehead,Massachusetts. Element basis: Algalcellcounts (cells/mlc)e,lldryweights. Exposure period: 96 hours StatisticaMlethods: Probitanalysis Analyticalmonitoring: pH and temperature.
Test Conditions:
Algal NutrientMedium: Sterilenrichednutrienmtedium per USEPA 1978 guideline.This nutrientmedium providedallmineralnutrientesssentialfor algalgrowth and alsoserved as the diluentforallalgaloperations.T.he pH of thissyntheticalgalmedium was adjusted-t7o.5 priorto use inassays.
Stock and testsolutionpreparation: A 3330 mg/L stocksolutionwas prepared by dilutin3g.33 grams oftestsubstance in1 liteorfwater. Aliquots
were then added directltyo dilutiownater intestvesselstocreatetest solutions.
Exposure vessels: 250 ml Erienmeyers containing100 ml testsolutionand capped withinvertedglass beakers.
Agitation: Shaken continuouslyat 100 rpm. Number of replicates:3 Initiaclellloading: 1.0 X 104 cells/mL Number of concentrations: fiveplusa blankcontrol Lighting:400 foot-candlesfrom continuouscool-whitefluorescentlighting. Water Chemistry:
pH range (0-96 h7ours): 7.5 --10.8(controlexposure) 7.4- 7.6 (3,330mg/L exposure)
Test temperature range (0-96hours): 24.0- 24.2 OC (incubator)
RESULTS
Nominal concentrations: Blkcontrol,210, 430, 830,1670, and 3330 mg/L
Algal Growth Response EC50 values
Exposure (Contact)
Hours 24 48 72 96
Cell-Count mg/L (95% C.I.) 2510 (1340->3330)
>3330 2040 (1190->3330) 1980 (1710-2360)
Average Specific Growth Rate mg/L (95% C.I.)
1700 (673->3300) >3330 >3330 >3330
Element values are based on nominal concentrations.
Reversibilityof Growth InhibitionA:liquotsofthe 3330 mg/L testsolution were dilutedwithalgalmedium and culturedfor72 hours. Based on growth observed inthe recoveryphase, the effecton algalgrowth was found tobe algistatic.
Remarks: Testingwas conducted on the mixtureofthe testsubstance as describedinthetestsubstance remarks field.The values reportedapplyto thatmixtureand not the testsubstance.
CONCLUSIONS
FC-1 015 exhibitsa 96-hour EC,50cellcountvalue of 1980 (1710-2360 mg/L) and a 96-hour E C50 growth ratevalue of>3330 mg/L.
The 96-hourNo Observed EffectConcentration(NOEC) is210 mg/L forcell count and 430 mg/L forgrowthrate.The Lowest Observed Effect Concentration(LOEC) is430 mg/L forcellcountand 830 mg/L forgrowth rate.Thistestsubstancewas determinedtobe algistatic.
Submitter: 3M Company, EnvironmentalLaboratoryP,.O.Box 33331, St. Paul,Minnesota,55133
DATA QUALITY
ReliabilityK:ilmischranking= 2.Thisstudymeets thecriterifaorquality testing.However, thestudylacksinformatioonn puritoyfthetestsubstance and actualmeasurements oftheamount oftestsubstanceinsolution.Also, no explanationisgivenas towhy the48-hourvalueswere inexcess ofthe24 hour values.
REFERENCES
Testwas conducted by T.R.WilburyLaboratoriesI,nc.,of Marblehead, Massachusettsatthe requestofthe3M Company, Lab Request number P1624,1996.
OTHER
Last changed: 5/24/00
study Title
Growth and Reproduction Toxicity Test With FC-1015 And The Freshwater Alga, Solonastrum capricornutum
Guideline Number
U.S. EPA-TSCA, Guideline 797.1050 OECD, Guideline 201
Authors
Timothy J. Ward Jacqueline M. Novius
Robert L. Boeri
Study Completed May 15, 1996
Sponsor
3H Company
Environmental
Lak>orator-y
935 Bush Building
Avenue 2-3E-09
st'. Paul7, Minnesota
55144
Test ng Facility
T R -':@iibry' L.bo.ato.ies,,.Inc. 4 0 D k i',-Lan
1. TAZLB Or CO.iKXi
SZCTION:
1.
Table of Contents
ii. Index of Tables and Figures
II-I. Summary
IV. GenoUl information
V.
Introduct4-on
VIC
Methods and Materials
VII. Results
VIII. References
IX. signature Page
Appendix A. Water Quality Data from The Toxicity Test
PHGE
2 3 4 5 6 6
16 17 18
I r s5 y@
r
ii. xxdzx or TABLzs AnD vicuitzs
Table 1.
Chemical characterization of a representative sample of water used to formulate test media for the toxicity test with the freshwater alga, solonastr-um capricornut=, and rC-1015.
Table 2.
Test conditions summary for the toxicity test
with FC-1015
and the freshwater
alga, solonastr-um
ca,p,ricornutum.
Table 3.
cell growth FC-1015 and capricornutum.
data from the toxicity test with
the freshwater
a@ga, selenastrum
Table 4.
Average specific from the control freshwater alga, FC-1015.
growth rate and percent change from the toxicity test with the selennstrum capricornutum, and
Table 5.
Effective concentrations CECIOS, Ec50m, EC909) from the toxicity test with the freshwater alga, selenastrum capricornutum, and FC-1015.
Table A.l.
Temperature measured with FC-1015 and the capricorrutum.
during the freshwater
toxicity test alga, Selenastrum
Table A.2.
pH values measured during FC-1015 and the freshwater capricarnutlim.
the toxicity test alga, selenastrum
with
Figure 1.
Growth of Selenastrum
capricornutum
to rc-1015 for 96 hours.
exposed
PAGE 7 9 12 14
15 19 20
,z.R@;..wilbury Study,N umbe ",029-TH
Ill. BUNKALRY
The toxicity of FC-1015 to the freshwater alga, Solonamtrum capricornutum, in deacrik>adin this final report. The text was conducted for 3M company for 96 hours from April 19 to 23, 1996 at T.R. wilbury Laboratories, Inc. in Marblehead, Massachusetts. It was conducted according to procedures of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1993) and the OECD (1984). FC-1015 was supplied by the sponsor.
The test was performed under static conditions with five concentrations of test substance and a dilution water cont-rol at a temperature of 24 1 2*C. Nominal concentrations of FC-1015 were 0 (control), 210, 430, 830, 1,670, and 3,330 mg/L. The d-ilutionwater was sterile enriched media adjusted to a pH of 7.5.
Exposure of algae to the test substance for 96 hours resulted in a median effective concentration (EC50) of 1,980 mg/L FC-1015 (95% confidence interval - 1,710 to 2,360 mg/L) when calculated using th number of calls/ml, and >3,330 mg/L when calculated using the averag:
pecific growth rate. The 96 hour no observed effect concentration (NOEC) 8Is 210 mg/L and the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) in 430 Mg/L when calculated using the number of cells/ml. The NOEC is 430 mg,'L and the LOEC is 830 when calculated with the average specific growth rate.
6 uav.nLuMmDerI.U
XV. GE"SLAL INFORMATION
Material Testedt sponsort
Test Substance shipped From:
Reported Purity:
Experimental Start Date:
Experimental Date:
completion
Axchive the Raw Copy of
Location for Data and a the Final Report:
FC-1015
3H Company Environmental Laboratory 935 Bush Avenue Building 2-3E-09 St. Paul, Minnesota 55106
3H company
Environmental Laboratory
935 Bush Avenue
Building 2-3E-09 St. Paul, Minnesota
55106
1001
April 19, 1996 -
April 23, 1996
T.R. Wilbur-y Laboratories, Marblehead, Massachusetts
Inc.
;tudy-_
A,z 029-TH
V.
iwrxovu=lox
This study was sponsored by 3H Company. The objective of the study
was to determine the 24, 48, 72, and 96 hour effective concentrations
(EclOn, EC50s, EC90s) and no observed effect concentration (NOEC) of the
text substance to the freshwater alga, Solonastrum capricornutum, under
static conditions.
The test was conducted following U.S. EPA (TSCA) and
OECD guidelines but at the Sponsor's request it was not conducted
according to Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) rules. The report contain.
section@ that describe the methods and materials employed in the study and
results of the investigation. The report also contains an appendi-x that
presents water quality data collected during the test.
VI. MZTHOI)S AND MATIMIALS
TEST SUBSTANCET
was was
The saliple of FC-1015 (T.R. Wilbur-y Laboratories sample delivered to T.R. wilbur-y Laboratories on April 4, 1996.
delivered in a metal can within a cardboard box
Number 604) The samplo at ambient
temperature. The test substance was contained in 1 250-ml plastic bottle.
The label attached to the bottle contained the following information: -rc-,,-
1015, (LR P1624), 4/2/48-.
See KSDS,
Susan A. Beach,
2-3E-09,
16l2) 778-7452-,
',v,
FC-1015 (a clear liquid) was supplied by 3m Company, St Paul,
Minnesota. Prior to use the test substance was stored in the dark at room
temperature.
The test substance was assumed to have a purity of loo%,.
active ingredient and to be stable under storage and testing conditionsU:iused test substance is returned to the sponsor.
DILUTION WATER:
water used for acclimation of test organisms and for all toxicity, testing was sterile enriched media JU.S. EPA, 197B; T.R. WilbUry standard, operating Procedure number 6) adjusted to a target pEiof 7.5 prior to Characterization of a representative sample of water used to for-mulate' media is presented in Table 1.
TEST ORGANISMI
I AIlgae @-from a cuitu
-@Univernitk
Lab@@' to 1
f, used or the
re 'originally
'@OfTTexast,.-
test-(solon&Btrum procured
_,at
from Austin
capricornutum,
the culture
colloc
znd , dalivered,;t
x on 0 T.R
1 @as a a,'ii
Wil
'10'!'1%996. --'The@culture'wa's @ttra@'sf red'
itaiii-
b ia;-to a t'ea.nd, ma intakin4d-. a
the; definiti@e@4.i6,it,
t he @'st'rat.@,,o
n, v.
tifi8,ation*@i*,Of,@,t@'o'cul '..
axonomic
key.@;@
Stu d y'Number
1029-TH
Table 1.
Chemical characterization
of a representative sample of water
used to formulate tomt media for the toxicity test with the
freshwater alga, solonastrum capricornutum, and FC-1015.
Parameter'
unit of Measurement
Detection Limit
Measured value
Metals Aluminum )Lrsenic Boron cadmium Chromium cobalt Copper Iron i,ead Mercury Nickel Silver Z4.nc
Nitrate chloride Fluoride Total Organic carbon Total Phosphorus
organochlorine Pesticides
Toxophone
organophosphorus Pesticides
Dimethoate 7EPP Monocrotophos
PCBs
mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L. mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L
mg/L mg/L mg/L
as N
mg/L mg/L
pg/L ;jg/L
jjg/'L ;jg/L pg/L p g/L
0.1 0.01 0.5 0.0002 0.01 0.03 0.005 0.03 0.005 0.0003 0.03 0.02 0.02
0.05 1 0.1
I 0.03
0.5 2
0.5,, -2.0 2.0 20
0 5'
ND2
ND
ND
4
ND
ND
RD
ND
0.03
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND ND
No tiD
IM ND ND ND
ND
t as- -.I.,,Parametors _dilut on
st ng A. f4LP no
in acs a t
ba
o ec@
Pa.coagin
am,[
waolc
Au cju9 t
to 19cl9u5,@ n,
ML4DuLy a.
N
i@@l 29-XH
all
TOXICITY TEST3
The toxicity toot was performed from April 19 to 23, 1996, according to procedures of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1993@ and the OECD (1984). A nu=ary of the test conditions is presented in Table 2.
A screening test was not conducted because nominal concentrations for the definitive test were provided by the sponocr. The test was conducted at a target temperature of 24 1 2*C with five concentrations of test substance and a dilution water control. N-inal concentrations of the test substance were: 0 mg/L (control), 210, 43.0, 830, 1,6.70, and 3,330 mg/L. A 3,330 mg/L stock solution was formulated by adding 3.33 9 of test substance to a 1,000 ml Class A volumetric flask and filling the flask to the mark with sterile algal media. The stock solution was mixed and appropriate &mounts were added directly to dilution water in test vessels to formulate test media.
Algae were distributed among three replicates of each treatment at the rate of approximately 10,000 cel'-s/ml. The test was perfor-med in 250 ml glass Erler=eyer flasks that contained 100 ml of test solution. Test vessels were capped with inverted glass beakers and randomly arranged on a rotary shaker adjusted to 100 rpm in an incubator during the test (a random numbers table was used to select the location of each vessel). A 24 hour light and 0 hour dark photoperiod was automatically maintained with cool-white fluorescent lights that provided a light intensity of 400 footcandles.
The number of algal cells/ml in each test vessel and the occurrence
of relative size differences, unilsual cell shapes, colors, flocculations,
adherence of cells to test containers, or aggregation of cells wan
determined visually by means of direct microscopic examination with a
hemocytometer.
Cell counts were made and recorded daily during the
96 hour test.
The determination of whether toxic effects were algistatic or algicidal was performed at the conclusion of the toxicity test (0.5 mi of media from each 3,330 mg/L vessel were tra-nsferred to a vessel containing 100 ml of fresh media without FC-1015 and incubated for 72 hours under test conditions).
Temperature
of the incubator was measured and: recorded: daily
(thermometer number 3794), and pH (Beckman model pHl 12 motor; insirument-@--tt
n,,- r 144 i was determined in each test vessel, at the, beginning and end of
the
@T Q
in a repro aant ativi'v's-@maI'of watei incubate d
with the@-teaztvessels was continuously re ord@ai
T.R. wilbury@study Number 1029-TH
@Pagi A
Table 2.
Test conditions @,,--ry for the toxicity test with FC-1015 and the freshwater alga, Solonastrum capricornutum.
specigst
culture
Acclimation
Pariodt
solonastruin capricornutum >14 days
Test Duration:
96 hours
Test Vessels:
250 ml glass flasks
volume of Test Media:
100 ml
Number of Replicate Test vesselst
3
Inoc,.ilLim.
-10,000 cells per ml
oscillation Rate
100 rpm
Incu.bator Temperature
Range:
24.0-24.2*C
Photoperiod:
24 hours light anli 0 hours dark.
Light Intensity:
400 footcandles
water Quality Measurements:
PH in each test vessel at the
beginning Incubator
and end of the test.
temperature
daily.
Dilution water analysis is summarized
in Table 1.
Ead Points:
Acceptability
criteria:,
24, 48, 72, and 96 li-jurECIO, EC50,
I
and EC90; no observed effect
concentration.
lo
"k
garithmic growth at 96 hours a nd
acceptable
temperature
range.
12
1 ly ,studvl,
STATISTICILL KMODS,
The average specific growth rate was calculated as the natural log of the number of calls/ml at 24, 48, 72, and R6 hours minus the natural lc,gof the number of calls/ml at 0 hours divided by the exposure period. The percent change from the control was calculated by subtracting the treatment average specific growth rate fr= the control average specific grow-.h rate, dividing the difference by the average specific growth rate in the control, and multiplying that value by 100.
Results of the toxicity test were interpreted by standard statistical techniques, when possible. The probit method (Stephan, 1983)
was used for calculating ECIO, EC50, and EC90 values (the probit method
was used despite cautionary statements
to values compared to other mothode@. using the number of cello/ml and the
because EC50 values compared well All calculations were performed
average specific growth rates and
.ICZ[Lir,caolncentrations (itcec) w@s determined ()LNOVA) and the number
of rc-1015. The no observed effect concc,.itraticn using a parametric one-way analysis of variance of cells/ml and the average specific growth rate in
each test vessel at the and of the test.
.@-w bury's udy,, N
-6@, -or
VIZ. PJtSttLTS
Insoluble material was not observed in test vessels during the toot
The algal . population
grow
well, resulting
in an average
of
1,471,000 throughout
calls/ml in the control after 96 hours
the test was within acceptable
limits
(Table 3). Water quality Ile.@,Z.t@l. (Appendix A) .' The range'
of incubator
temperatures
was 24.0 to 24.2*C (Table A-1). The pH of, test'.
Media was not significantly
affected
by the test substance
at the
beginning of the test (Table A.2).
Biological data generated by the acute toxicity test with IPC-1015
are presented in Tables 3 and 4. The growth curve for algae exposed to
the test substance for 96 hours is presented in irigure 1 (the slope of the
dose-response
curve is 2.2 based on cells/ml at 96 hours). ' The ECIO,@
EC50, and EC90 vatues for algae exposed to FC-1015 are presented in Table
5. The 96 hour EC50 (and associated
95 percent confidence
lixlits) is',.,
1,980 mg/L (1,710 and 2,360 mg/L) when c@lculated using the number of
calls per ml, and >3,330 mg/L when calculated using the average specific
growth rate. No effects (size differences, unusual call shape&, color
flocculations, adherence of cells to test containers, or aggregation
cells) were noted during the test. The 96 hour NOEC is 210 mg/L and the
LOEC is 430 mg/L FC-1015, when calculated using the number calls/ml and the 96 hour NOEC is 430 mg/L and the LOEC is 830 mg/L FC-1015t when
calculated using the average specific growth rate.
The determination of whether toxic effects were algi3tatic r
algicidal was performed at the conclusion of the toxicity test. A 0.5 ml
aliquot of media from each 3,330 mg/L vessel was transferred to a'vesse
containing fresh media without FC-1015 and incubated for 72 hours un
test conditions.
Algae
increased
from <10,000
830,000 cells/ml, indicating that the effect of FC-1015 at
concentration was algistatic rather than algicidal.
z
tot-,
@i;tudy Number.@ lo@2"'9@-TH
a
Table 3.
call growth data from the toxicity test with FC-1015 and the freshwat*r alga, solonastrum capricornutum.
Nominal Concentration
of rc-1015 (mg/L)
Replicate
0 (control) 210 430 830
1,670 3,330
1 2 3 mean
1 2 3 mean t control
1 2 3 mean % control
1 2 3 mean t control
1 2 3 mean t control
1 2 3 mean t control,
Number of calls/ml x 103 (hour)
0
24
49
72
96
10
32
10
32
10
34
10
33
10
30
10
30
10
34
10
31
100
94
10
30
10
40
10
2B
10
33
100
100
10
30
10
24
10
2B
10
27
100
82
10
20
10
22
10
16
10
19
100
58
10
16
10
12
10
14
10
14
100
42
136
664
146
662
128
696
1.37-,,-, 674
154
724
146
650
144
712
695
108
103
138
620
140
598
148
662
142
627
104
93
156
400
160
484
150
436
155
440
113
65
140
404
142
402
138
@380
140
295
102
59
88
280
84'
232
so
250
84
254
6 1',
38
1,480 1,518 1,416 1,471
1,442 1,496 1,466 1,468
100
1,338 1,280 1,452 1,357
92
1,190 1,096 1,168 1,151
78
798 862 870 843
57
460 454 488 467 '-32
V studi'Number,1029-7H@
Oag*,-12'ot,2^
10000000 -
IDOOOOO
u IDOOOO
10000 0
24
48
Hours
F--Control
830 m8/L
-a-- 110 mc@IL 1,670 mg/L
i
72
96
430 mg/L 3,3 30 mg/L
1. Growth of selenastr-umcapricorn um exposed.to'rc-lois for:-@@
0 WiLburv study,Numbe,
Table 4.
Average specific growth rate and percent change from the control from the toxicity test with the freshwater alga, Sol*nAStrum capricornutum, and rc-1015.
Nominal concentration
of rc-iOI5 (mg/L)
Average Specific Growth Rate
24hr 48hr 72hr 96hr
Percent Change Prom control
24hr 48hr 72hr 96hr
0 (control) 210 430 830 1,670 3,330
0.050 0.055 0.058 0.052 0.047 0.056 0.059 0.052 0.050 0.055 0.057 0.051 0.041 0.057 0.053 0.049 0.027 0.055 0.051 0.046 0.014 0.044 0.045 0.040
6
-2
-2
0
0
0
2
2
18
-4
9
6
46
0
12
12
72
20
22
23
r.ml,@-wilburX@study Number 102?9,7-TH
Table 5.
Effective concentrations (zclos, xc5on, EC90m) from the toxicity test with the freshwater al(ja, S&IOnastrum capricornutum, and rc-iols.
Time
EC Value (mg/L)
95 Percent Confidence T-i-its
(mg/L)
Calculated using the number of C*Ils/wl
24 hours 49 hOLrS 72 hours 96 hours
Eclo EC50 EC90
-
524
- 2,510
- >3,330
EC50
>3,330
Eclo Ec50 Ec90
448 2,040 >3 , 3 3 0
Eclo Ec50 EC90
533 1,980 >3,330
<210 - 1,010 1,340 - >3,330
->3,330
>3,330
<210
814
1,190 - >3,330
>3,330
417 -
643
1,710 - 2,360
>3,330
calculated using the ilverage Specific Growth Rate
24 hours 48 hours.,72 hours
96 ho
ECIO EC50 EC90
-
541
- 1,700
- >3,330
EC5.0 - >3, 330
EC10 EC50 EC90
- 1,330 - >3,330 - >3, 330
E 10 - 1 430 @E 50 - >3,330
E 0 ->3.,330
<21() 673
2,260
1,110 >3,330 >3,33J
>3, 330
970
1 770
-,,,@>3330@ -
'-,@@:;>3 330
'i;3,3 3-0
tudy,;N
Vill. PXFRREKCZB
OECD. 1981. OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals. Annex 2. OECD Principles of Good Laboratory Practice. Adopted I June 1981.
OECD.
1984. OECD Guidelines
for
Effects on Biotic Systems. Adopted 4 April 1984.
Testing Method
of chemicals. 201, Alga Growth
Section 21 Inhibition Test.
Stephan, C.E. 1983. computer Program for Calculation of LCSO values. Personal cc=unication.
U.S. EPA. 1978. The selonmatz-um capricornutum Printz Algal Bottle Test EPA-600/9-78-018. Envirorawntal Reek:a-rchLaboratory, Corvallis, Oregon.
U.S. EPA. 1993. 40 CFR Part 797. Toxic Substances Control Act Test Guidelinas; Final Rules. section 797.1050.
U.S. EPA. 1993. 40 CFR Part 792. Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA); Good Laboratory Practice standards; Final Rule.
sicKATUILE PkGo
Jac/qualine M. Oevium study Director Biologist
ic Fo@raL.,,Kowalski Aq t c oxicologist Je@anne P. Hagaiu Biologist For; roven M. i@t-6vens B;-OlogiSt, Rob@rt L. 'Boerl -coauthor T tby J. Wdrd
or
3t
Appendix A: WATER QUJLLITY DATA rRO14 TSE TIOXICITT TTST
ZA', p , 'F@k@o
-lbury stuay'siu
Tabl* A. l. Tomp*rature measured during the toxicity test with TC-1015 and the freshwater alga, solonastrum capricornutum.
Hour of Exposure
Temperature of Incubator (*C)
0
241.0
24
24.1
48
24.2
72
24.0
96
24.0
,Stu N ar.@.IOZV H
Table A.2.
pH values measured during the toxicity test with rC-1015 and the freshwater alga, sel*namtrum capricornutum.
NoszLinal Concentration
of rc-1015 (mg/L)
0 (control)
210
430
830
1,670
3,330
Replic8t&
1
2 3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1
2
3
pH
initi@a
Final
7.5
7.5 7.5
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4 7.4 7.4
7.4 7.4 7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
10.7
10.8 10.8
9.9
9.8
10.0
6.5
6.4
6.4
6.1 7.0 7.4
7.6 7.6 7.4
7.6
7.5
7.6