Document e1xL0mY2wJG4w7pkrJLY856Ve

1176 CHAPTER 48 1957 Guide outdoor temperature drops), is set according to a schedule based on the ship's itinerary. Duct work for all systems described is designed for conventional velocity. However, if power is available, and suitably strong duct construction and adequate sound absorbing facilities are provided, high velocity systems may be used. BIBLIOGRAPHY Railway Passenger Cars Report on Performance and Cost of Operation of 1937 Internal Combustion Engine Mechanical Compres sion Equipment for Air Conditioning Railroad Passenger Cars, by Division of Equipment Research, Asso ciation of American Railroads. May 1. 1937. Report on Relative Performance of Air Filters, by Mechanical Division, Association of American Rail roads, January 15. 1938. Air Conditioning of Railroad Passenger Cara, by L. W. Wallace and G. G. Early, Jr. (A.S.M.E. Trans actions, November, 1937). . Passenger Car Cooling Methods, by Kenneth Cartwright (Refrigerating Engineering, February, 1936, p. 83 and March, 1936. p. 158). Diesel Drive for Passenger Air Conditioning, by J. R. Hornaday (Refrigerating Engineering, March, 1942, p. 139). Railroad Air Conditioning, by Gordon T. Wilson (Refrigerating Engineering, May, 1943, p. 323). Railway Air Conditioning, by M. R. Eastin {Railway Elec. Engr., August-December, 1942). Head-End Power for Railway Cara, by F. L. Sahlmann and E. M. Bill (Railway Elec. Engr., May, 1939). Head-End Power for Streamlined Passenger Trains, by J. D. Loftis (A.S.M.E. Raleigh Section, October 26, 1946). P.C.C. Car Ventilation, B-3697 Westinghouse Electric Corp., September, 1946. Buses and Automobiles Bus Heating, by E. T. Todd and F. O. Gadd (Heating and Ventilating, Dec. 1946 p. 83). Air Conditioning of Automobiles and Buses, by L. W. Child (Society of Automotive Engineers Journal, June, 1938). Bus Air Conditioning, by Jerry Hicke (Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning, October, 1938, p. 639). Bus Air Conditioning, by A. J. Mallinckrodt and Lars Hanson (Refrigerating Engineering, June, 1939, p. 388). What Has Been Done in Auto Air Conditioning by O. G. Tinkey (Refrigerating Engineering, January 1953, p. 31). Cars That Beat the Heat, by M. W. Baker, D. C. McCoy, H. V. Joyce and P. J. Kent (Journal, Society of Automotive Engineers, July 1953, p. 19). Automobile Air Conditioning--Progress and Problems, by P. J. Kent (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions Vol. 60, 1954, p. 37). Passenger Automobiles, M. W. Baker and D. C. McCoy (A.S.R.E. Air Conditioning Refrigerating Data Book, 1954-55, Chapter 50). Airplanes Comfort in High Altitude Flying, by D. W.Tomlinson (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 47, 1941, p. 57. Heat Exchangers for Aircraft, by Arthur J. Hess (Refrigerating Engineering, September, 1944, p. 192). Heat ing and Ventilating for Transport Airplanes, by B. M. Brod (A.S.H.VE, Transactions, Vol. 52,1946). Comfortization of Aircraft, by Albert A. Arnhym (Pitman Publishing Corp.. New York, 1945). Refrigeration for Air Conditioning Pressurized Transport Aircraft, by B. L. Messinger (Heating and Ven tilating, January, 1946, p. 63). Ships Ventilation and Air Conditioning of the 8. 8. Panama (Heating and Ventilating, September. 1939. p. 47). Air Conditioning the New Mauretania (Heating. Piping and Air Conditioning, July, 1939. p. 431). Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning on Shipboard, by J. H. Clarke (Heating, Piping and Air Con ditioning, August, p. 467; September, p. 529; October, p. 610. 1940). Care of Cargo at Sea, by O. D. Colvin, W. H. E. Hahne. and M. R. Colby (Transactions of the Societyof Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, Part I, Vol. 46, 1938, p. 109; PartII, VoL 49,1941, p. 208). Modern Marine Engineers Manual, Vol. II, Sections 16 to 19, Inc. (Cornell Maritime Press. 1943). Warship Ventilating, Heating and Air Conditioning, by Comdr. T. H. Urdahl, U.B.N.R., and W. C., Whittlesey (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 49, 1943, p. 35). Standardized Heating and Ventilating Equipment fo r Fighting Ships, by Comdr. T. H. Urdnbl. UJ3.N.R. and Lt. John Everetts, Jr., U.S.N.R. (Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning, July. 1943. p. 333). Designing Warship Ventilation with Standardized Equipment, by Comdr. T. H. Urdahl, U.S.N.R.,andW. C. Whittle sey (Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning, August, 1943, p. 419). Modern Air Conditioning, by J. W. Markert (Marine Engineeringand Shipping Review, November .1945, p. 177). . Modern Marine Refrigeration andAir Conditioning, by W, H. Carrier and L.E. Starr (Marine Engineering and Shipping Review, April, 1946, p. 132). Dehumidification Protects U. S. Navy's Inactive Fleet, by Capt. T. H. Urdahl and Comdr. E. R. Queer, Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning,-March. 1946, p. 71). Reconversion of LinerS.S. Lurlink by Robert Tate (Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, May 12, 1949). 1^4 Air Conditioning of P-2 American President Liners, by J. W. Markert (Pacific Marine Review, August, Export Lines Air Conditioning of Four Aces, by J. W. Markert (Marins Engineering, March; 1949). CHAPTER 49 WATER SERVICES Sizing Cold Water Supply Piping, Procedure for Sizing Cold Water Systems, Cool ing Water Piping, Estimating Heating Load and Storage Capacity, Methods of Heating Water, Computing Heat Transfer Surface, Hot Water Supply Piping, Control of Service Water Temperature, Safety Devices, Solar Water Heaters, Domestic Hot Water by Heat Pump PROPER design of the water distributing system in a building is neces sary in order that the various fixtures may function properly. The amount of either hot or cold water used in any building is variable, de pending on the type of structure, usage, occupancy, and time of day. It is necessary to provide piping, water heating, and storage facilities of sufficient capacity to meet the peak demand without wasteful excess in either piping or equivalent cost. SIZING COLD WATER SUPPLY PIPING One of the important items that must be determined before any part of the water-piping system can be sized, is the probable rate of flow in any particular reach of piping. The rate of flow in the service line, risers, and main branches, however, will rarely be equal to the sum of the rates of flow of all connected fixtures. In fact, the probability that every fixture in a large group will be in use at the same time is so remote that it would be very poor engineering practice to design the piping to take care of such simultaneous flow. The demand load in building water supply systems cannot be deter mined exactly and is not readily standardized. The two main problems to be considered are: (1) the satisfactory supply of water for a given fixture, and (2) the number of fixtures which may be assumed to be in use at the same time. The minimum flow that will be satisfactory to the consumer depends greatly on the consumer, his standard of living, his professional needs, size of family, garden requirements, and similar factors. Depending on these factors, the per capita water consumption for domestic use usually varies between 20 and 80 gal per day. Experience indicates that the type of dwelling also has considerable influence on the water consumption. In apartment houses the per capita daily water consumption is generally higher than in single-family houses. This is due to the use of a central metering system which is not conducive to the saving, of water, and to the long hot water lines which cause high heat losses and an increase in the wasting of the cooled water. In designing water supply systems for apart ment houses, a daily per capita water consumption of 50 gal may be con sidered a safe design figure. Although a considerable number of housing projects have been developed throughout the United States, conclusive water consumption data have not yet been gathered. Nevertheless, it seems that the daily per capita water consumption in housing projects falls in between the consumption in apartr, ment houses and that in single dwellings at the same geographical location. 1177