Document e1nBbVzo2E677b4gKV2dbvE5e

, r 15. 3. w, burgeon General Ha# 8, earning Bureau of Health service ^ashlrurton, D. C. Boar &r{ Baplying to your roouaat for a aarr^rlesttmi of moults of our experimental suite, contained in yemr t 'ttor of the 11th, no hop it is appropriate 1ft connection therewith to tote that in on steniad research to fliseovor a eormerelnlly ffcoolhle notorial to ho adda* to gnsolins In email quantity In order that the officionov of the Internal combustion erv'ino could he ineronsad end the notor fool w*rdy of the future eonscreod, tetraethyl load mo found to ho the meat nrotioo1 and eorssmrcial notarial for eurih purpose. At the tine of tM* discovery it wo ranti*0$ that this material in the coneentroted form ooasaoeed poisonous Choroeterieties hit there me no reason to believe that in this rootlet it differed materially from the tovieity of other end ordinary tend oocnounds. However, later experimental work direjoeodtNs o-sristereo of tori oh^r- setoriatica different from these usually aaaoointod with t> lead industry. Immediately our predecessor, end later re, so-vdh.t and obtained the Oilvice of scientific men of hi# rewste^n authorities on loed. noisorting. Their advice mo followedj the ody uhlie haamrd then thought possible, bat not lifee'y to occur, ms from the osbeust gases fromi mtoaobilec In whites 5thyl Gasoline, aimed in tho proportion of 1 pert of tetraethyl lead to 13500 parts of gasoline, was used, Teste Bsdejovor a long "teriod of tic indicated that there mo no danger from this Soares, I' f | Later we requested the Bureau of Jnaa andColumbia Bfeiw vortslty to conduct esporimonto t- ssoertslp If there were cay haasrds frees the inhalation of voper or akin oppHontioa of Stfryl Gasoline. s hsvs not received reports of their findings, hut understand they sill be submitted to you during the Conference. ! J: ;i . ^ * respaotfelly subsit, in the; order in which you hove requested the data in your latter, the fo|lifti!. Tetraethyl lead is now manufactured only by B. X, du Pont de ^amours Ceapsay, under patented processes. Briefly, tha steps in its manufacture are as follows* A lead-eodlus niley is prepared at hi# teauoraturs by the admicturo of motall lo lead and metallic sodium, This alloy, in the fora of large eCfees, is ground up and Introduced into an anted uve together with an ethyl halide andmalniftlne* uador pressure at a proear temperature for such e period of tiraa us to briivr about the formation Penorel smirv r\ 'Vt '"J of tatreetflhyl lend, The re*eilen mtit'vo ? --acae-i int* ttV ^ Ciw j which tatrT!Ot>^l load 1b distilled off on* cell ee*ed Into vUr?*t** nsfu* from rhleh Itt* piped Into 'itw'" for ehlampni. r",o hae #m*3 th distillation 1st wiped out of the Plant to tho ->i "c g of -'ifor>oftl. All of these operations ore e*rrled out In twit 7ntem r^ich, under Idea? conditions, ore ceraojetely Tmwm x h s w ^ac t t t o follow* The hpaordo encountcrofl In tKe ohevo - ?*or*aa?jno .1*^ <--. 1- Tbs Inhalation of toot In thn odlnii-loM Piter, ^Hs ha tom coord etely nee*tire* ty the Inof^^o^inn of enclosed flrindirv* rpoamtus with dost tiofct commotion between the bottom nf tho mil? nod the meoivu*. Inhalation of facro frm the molten alloy. This hate been presented by the use of mrmeidy nrrr.*Y<*>d reterte M ventilation. 3- Inhalation of vanor of tetrsabhyi load, This Its been atimly eliminate;? by en Improver? method of filllpr the anted vesj W now connections hetwen the ntotSIsves and the stills end by enc&csinm tM autoclaves with eonnmteljr vonttltd hoc the to core for ''oci.dantol loake. b~ DMatirn of the v*rvr of t-ho ethyl hs) Ido, 'This haeard-le eireunvenfod in the ww manner 00 *?>~f of tetraethyl lend va-vvr, ? njcin content Hlth *'otmottod lea-. This hae tn?B njnoft ontiw?v oi fm?noted `v'er t?n pontine operation of Up? plant he reopen of fh dnvolop-'vmt of * nroparly dosed eve too, Accidents! wall 1 0 ore nwrs-'tly washed tn with n solution of cMLorlnoted podirr> - Soh effectively renders the tetraethyl !d inert# Ihstfoetlyl led r** that mun.fre*,',rao(i <a ;-mt.'>?>~<ief!!.r, heavy lleuifl, slidfitly volatile t crHwsw tOE*v'r*vhtw*--r# it <* ip ecloble In enter, hut mtsdhle In oil nrpoortlono -Hth fat- ^ fet solvents. Those properties mlnin the hove mentioned v*?'"**# in dototad.nlnir d'o mrysnlhofto of thare howir? crnfyrlnntd. wc-V1 Thrr^y^ done to determine eeeumtely tho rty^iol office? oreuortl.00 t?? tonicity of the cenocnrvl. Ry??7? i' 1W^ \niVdi^ 1 /nAJ VT T''- Th fflnnafectrrro of totrao^nyl lead roo haem hy th I. dn Tdsnt do 'fensotarn fVrnory. Xt woo oahoeotently uadortdfen hy the standard Oil Conoony (sew -teroey) at tbnir 5ioyvoy lent. In tbs two alonts tjnforeaeen accidents incident to th dovolo^oeot of th' now Industry and to eharvsJB fr n lahoratory to orodivjtion ooelo of motsor factura led to the epoearenee of aoieot&svh ^d.th twelve f*,t~Ht.lee. In tbs du 'oat tdant first one end then another uroteetiv ooeenro was developoi en tho reoo^siltlon of n hasnrd; with the result that fotgeoa damtsl Oonstae > 5/l/2>5 it is vm pooait&a t" effectively guard egninat them. Cosset date m to the Mseuammco P? pelconing i not contained in the records in this effieoj wenmjdenji-aVl the do. Peat Company hoe been invited to year Conference.) - X the T*?rmr -lent of the standard Oil Oeomnay Jersey) the maaofectnre of tetrpptiwl ?<sad me begnn hv a method which w thwvvht to ha einrier and nttep^M eitfe less haserd than that prert coaly in two, A 'nrtdea'depotor* mont of agate poisoning, with five fetollttoe, incident to the development of this new method, roved ted in the Irradiate ohandcmcnt nf the plant and th dleeontinaaaea of the oanafaetcsspo of totreettyl land therein, The seventy one men exposed aero T&ted in n hospital foe oh^vvntion. Kbi of theirs man Chewed no important flapteas and fit hot the fatal mees ersl unsvantfol reoevarlas. Sine that tine the yra*ctus"e of tetraethyl lead, has heoa carried oat solely in th* da ntmt. 2s-mmm QK.rnm.nm tetraethyl lewd is chipped in carefully tested, sealed drone to the Pleat of the Ithyl Gasoline Corporation at Payton* "hie. Tfore it is nrilooded into storage tnrflre or stoned in the ori/'daol drase. <vhs> tmftooding is carried oat hy an eotematie vrossy end pining system -after p^ich the drums are earefcdly Cleansed end returned to the mnafnctorer. The tetraattyl lead is pumped oat of the storage tartrs end mixed with the proper aammt of otfcyleno dihsooldo and non-toxic red dye. This operation is carried oat in a dosed system ander very great doaasard ventilation, under oooditione vhlofh present no danger of entiled and which die of no aanaat oantpdstion. The drams ere esreftflly tested for leases and labelled in sooh a may that their contents aay not ho pisrtatwn. They are then dipped to stations provided by the. various Oil Onemaales in which, voder the same precautions, the mlxtare with gasoline is node- Various mixtures or rule, the most concentrated of which consists of eno nsrt of tstraet'yl lead to 1300 parts of /msoline, mzmm wxxmim xw awrorw *m 'owmm^iav. aw vm*Mmn> tsm The hasards eerieting la those processes consist rt the inhalation of vapor and sheopption throusdi the sHn of tetraethyl lead as cell as ethylene dibreraido. \ There is a farther elirtit risk encountered in the inhalation of dent of 'decomposition produeto of tetreothyl lead found in old returned drums, EKP^TEBGE XH BXJSTOXSR) AJJD 15IS7^1KJT33?3 As in the case of the taamfectare of tetraethyl load the processes of hiending were aeoeeroanied originally by a coneidarahle exposure to the previously mentioned hasordo. As a rotftt of this there have been a considerable tasahor of wortamn poisoned mv'1 very arty in the process there were two fatalities, slnoo which time acne Ime occurred. The application of experimentally determined facta pin# the aecntsitian of experience has made poesihto th develwwaant of swteostle machinery, msthc'la of ventilation, end enforcement of rv3.ee for handlisr these toxic substances in crush a way that nolseninr in tho blending ol ant has heoorae int&gr&fiosmt. There were forty two es of -<*iseBiw in tho six month# prier to August, 192**, ilnee that time there hnve heen aventeon eases, all of which Showed vary clirtit tmmtoms. There we on other* #*lch HE- 0017320 Sargson <teom& Ooaaslog SW*5 nay bars bean ver* esse* cerebral syaptona, siatllttr to those of tetra ethyl lead iKtoxtoatios appeared in the oonrse of on iTtHnanra-lite infection. ffa diagnosis at* therefore, e natter erf doubt. Recovery wkwrred* Careful nedioal examinations of all employees at rogetUf intervals, both in the blending: nd manufacturing plante* has mode possible the recognition of sudh early eigne of intoxication os to p**udt of prevention of ay eerleus degree of poleenitv?. litHe r to difficulty ban been ecpwicaoeft V the stations at Uhich the admixture Cith gaedine is carried cut. mm, too, precautionary measures made neeeible by Hie ersoerience of the msxsrfeotur* lag mtd blending piante have boon nut Into effect In snob a tssy a* to obviate the flankers of inhalation sad contact* Ifere. too* medical V servation has been constantly kept of Oil en&eyeee do iwr under exposure. 3ft.Ksaamffi.TO m&m. She jfty form in mHch tetrsothyi load a garage, a filling station or c private eeneisaar is in eosao one of i*s fUtttions in gasoline* the cost concentr-****? of r*:tefc consist* of om. port of tetra ethyl leed in 1300 marts of nolina. This oftadition ic neoarrltehed by miring the gasoline nt the l*rga b8Ltd:v? plants controlled by the various Oil Ofleiftanlefs and by conveying the thus removed go^oiim in tartk ns^nne to fill inr stations sr* grragos. m ax,?* t bu k ar ps xn Ttojssr.xwr* a w peg or nam ox^mjw fh& possible hcsorlo to the mihSI, to *bo ?>( nodhenfo end to the filling station moleye or os follow* 1- Rxnoear to extomst goe eontninlnp the finely divided dost of load in the form of lead brwaid on! a moll awmi of lend ride. 2- Expowere to tfdn contort with gnsolina containing tetraethyl lead sad load dibromld, >- Exposure to vapor fro gasoline containing tetraethyl lead and ethylex dibromide* 4- Emosurs to lead deposits in motors and eatasnste* 5* Erasure to dost due to the dfieoamesition of such tetraethyl lead as is contained in entiled gasoline* ex ps r Harass xs c? amitm Caterer haxard, if say, actually exists in the above factors has not been controlled, Ethyl Qseollae hoe been (until^recently eben its sale non suspended) diepeneed from more than 10*000 filling stations* sons of those over o period of two yeere & large proportion over one year* Xt bee been need in thousands of cere hi<) bats been eared for by many o&dhanlcs, and the omere of the ofe>re thaaoSlvee*