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iPGTECHNirxi ^ r jaaENT STAFF TEC' ~'L SERVICES REPORT SO. 402 B. F. Oc Jr*cH Ch*frMcl Company a omhon on rum m. e oooo*cm company DEVELOPMENT CENTER AL'^T COMBUSTION TOXICOLOGICAL TESTING PART S: N CF A SERIES OF SYNTHETIC AND NATURAL PRODUCTS SASEO ON INCAPACITATION RESPONSE AND ANALYTICAL COMBUSTION GAS DATA /, V r L by d. f. Snith If. C. Bechtel (Corporate Toxicology) Coaplttadi July 13# 197? rtaent No.: S0H Dote leanedi August 10 1977 Project No.i 23S2 at--ubotiow nggg-- -- TTI. Johnson B. V. struPurf J. Poeell, Jr. L. B. Crldef R. R. Blear u J.A.TePas - tM.i *B. N. ttM|R a.P.Anold - B.q.LBeson R. J. Meyer - tt} C. L. risMlnv H. N. O'MRTB J. B.:M*it* r. e*^- B.J, *d.b.*j - II. - (13 Cleveland it. D. scott - R.A.Krueger B.M.G.(wicker - M.S.Bob* P.j.Donet - J.C.Bealy l.J.Beha B.N.Herringtoe-A.N.CieMente-C^.Krceei P. B. Krause N, B. Becker B. L. Kent K. Greene - H. R. Bex *B. B. Osborne 'm* Reesey C*; L. Bleckfan ClmM ^TTSXIey - A. S. Aabroee J. D. Tensilli H. SBheeiderer P. A. Bequet p. Ns lone B. OOMMf R. D. Savage C. R. Carter N. D. Friedberg J. P* Morrill D. P. xnechtgee Brecksville J. A. Stahl 1. J." Fawcett B. C. *11*1*9 G. I. Timer one C. R. Lufter R.Tucker - A.R.slebert - J.A.Glass R. K. schlatser O. R* Ley B. D. Dickens ^ ~K A. V. NCtoM J. Kroenke L7 TOOFT9Z BFG21956 ABF RAGT The NBF xs playing a key role ;n *he development zt a first generation bioessav combust ion-mnala tion testing protocol for the acceptance of materials. A protocol will be ready in Sep tember, 1977. in January, 1977 we reviewed the results of our bioassay testing program with m. Birky of the MBS. As a result of the meeting, M. Birky asked us to quantitatively evaluate a series of materials. Therefore, we have tested Geon 8750 'rigid PVC), polychloroprene, Geon 8750 with zinc ferrocyanide, Estane 58360 and red oak wood by incapacitation bioassay testing. I will summarize the results of this work in this report. Bated on the mess of material which induces 50% incapacitation, the materials are ranked as follows (best performing materiel listed first) i Geon 1750 > Estane 58360 > polychloroprene > wood > Geom 8750 IFC > polychloroprene + ZTC. in the case of Geon 87M, polychloroprene and red oek wood, carbon monoxide has been foomd to* pley the dominant role in inducing the incapacitation rmepemee. In the case of Geon 8750 + SfC and polychloroprene It, %8ioa>a cyanide appears to play the most important role ia |Ending incapacitation. in the caee of Estane SI360, the emdlMtloe ef carbon monoxide and hydrogan cyanide may be the Em moot-Ebportant components in inducing incapacitation. EOOH9Z: Table 'ru-'nts I 11. III. :v. V. vi. ives..................................................................................... Conclusion*............................................................................... Introduction................................................................................ Discussion..................................................................................... 1.) Apparatus - Procedure ...... 2.) Developing Dose-Response Curves . 3.) Comparison of Materials ...................... 4. ) Analytical Data ........................................... 5.) Relationship of Dose of Specific Components of Combustion Products to Mortality Hasard ................................. 6.) Kelatlonship of Dose of Specific Components of Combustion Products to Zneapecitstion Hasard...................... Future Plane. ........................................................... deferences. ......................................................................... . PAGE IS 2614003 r. BFG21958 List of Taries I Biological Response to the Products of Combust ior.. ..................................................................................... PACE II Hass of Material Which Induces a 50% Response for Various Bioresponses.......................................................... III Time to Incapacitation Associated With the Mass of Material Which Induces SOI Incapacitation. . IV Hatard Index Values Calculated Prom Data in Table II and Table III................................................................ V Ranking of Materials Based on Mass which Induces SOI Response for various Bioresponses ..................... VI TAIL* VIZ Mess of Material Which Induces a 501 Responae for Various Bioresponses........................................................... Analytical and Biological Dose Data ........................... VZIZ Done for SOI Bioresponae........................................................... IX % CO-lb at $0% Incapacitation........................................ rxooi List of ricuren < Curve for CeoQ B7S0........................... of % CO*lb to Atmospheric CO . . 22614004 t' BFG21959 I. Objectives The objectives nf the current round of biossssy testing are: 1. ' To evaluate a series of polymeric and natural materials on tne basis of the mcapacitation and mortality cicresponse. 2. ) To couple analytical gas measurements to combustion bioassay testing. 3. ) Assess the role of specific toxicants in observed bio* responses. XI. Conclusions 1. ) ffce ranking of the performance of a serias of aatarials da* peada on the type of bioresponee used in the evaluation. 2. ) >eeed on the mass of material which induces SOI incapaclta* tlon, the materials are ranked aa follows (best performing material Hated firat)i <3eon 1750 > tstane 51310 > polyehloropreoa > red oak > Geon 1790 with trc > polychloroprene with SVC. 3. ) lid an the mass of material which induce* 50% mortality at the mm of two weeks, the meterlele ere ranked as followe (heat performlag materiel listed first) s red oak > Satane U3M > hpIfTThirrmiirama > Seen *790 > polychleroprane vim vW iTio with src. tmtioh er rtallty for 790 appears to be due to CO. Long 790 sppesrs to be due to SCI. potyafcloroprene also generates SCI upon ocmbus- aprtality sad inespscitstiem far polychloroprsne e mlmly dee to CO. timoo on a gram for gi mhos only 2*3 tlaaa aero BC1 than does poly* . a modorste roduction of Bd gonoration from Nc tleelly Improve the cowhnetion toaioologloal aaortallty sad inoopocltation for red oak appear to bo .lty eat 1 noape citation for Oeoa 1790 with tfC tropreae with trc appear to be due to SOf. I.) 90300 la fire retarded with polychloroproaa. This to otwse relatively high levels of BCS oeolutloo Both aartellty sad incapacltaties appear oaatiaatiem of 00 aad KCS. g i)0 > T 9 Z * ii* * 11. Concluiiom _ n * ..lue.: For all of the r.atorials irv no evidence that 'S'. plays incapac i tat ion . ; jjted so * a r, we -j-.e j rinor .-Die ir. indue: Int roduc t ion We have recently completed a fifth round of bioassay testmo of the combustion product* of a series of natural and synthetic materials. This report describes the objectives of this work, the experiments, their results and the conclusions. A few years a90 several model building codes began to include rules for the regulation of materials based on combustion product toxicity. In most cases these restrictions did not go into effect because no test procedure was available for the evaluation of materials. Since the needed bioassay testing protocol did not exist, the National bureau of Standards offered to develop a first generation test procedure before September, 1977. Merit Birky was given the responsibility of developing the protocol. Pert of the research for the development of the MBS bioassay testing protocol has been done by Professor Yves Alarle st the Onlverslty of Pittsburgh. Using s sensory irritetioa model, Alarle hes investigated the combustion products from e wide range of materials. in order to iaterpret the results of the experiments pith Mlnkioa products, Alarle has alee studied the sensory tel1 at lee response to a nnhhar of pure gases. Alerie hes found, *%Blng the aenaory irritation modal, that WC1 la am* of the moat Irritating gases, bacsues of this, the cambustlorn products of pvc are very irritating ia Alerie's sensory irritation model. On the basis ofJHaria*# sensory irritation procedure, the performance of Judged dary inferior to the performance of meet other materiele la tmeos useage. Until very recently, Alarie'e work has lead the dhly research available to Birky In export of the development of the needed bioassey testing protocol. Because of this, Birtpbu been strongly influenced by Alarle*s work end this has beam reflected in preliminary versions of the protocol which Birky will release ia vise, findings isle ee < ms been strongly influenced by Alarle, this hes pieced any restriction on which groups te him. Therefore, lest January we visited with him some aspects of our bioassey testing believed that by revealing some of the results iv teetlng work that tha results of Alerie1 s brought into better perspective in Birky*s > we vented to familiarise rtrty with our i sensitivity of the raaklna of e series of mater* :lon of the details or tee test procedure. Zn ,; 22614006 BFG2196J Itl. Introduction ' .`ont injed Addition, our own work has shown that carbon monoxide is the most important component of the combustion products of PVC :: inducing incapacitation m the rotating cage experiment, we included results from our work on PVC with Zinc Ferro Cyanide to demonstrate that the protocol which we have used will detect a "super toxic" material. We believed that the results of our experiences with this material would be of great interest and value to Birky because he has emphasized that an acceptable bioassay testing protocol must be sensitive to "super toxic" materials. Birky was very interested in the correlation which we have found of incapacitation in the rotating cage with carbon monoxide, because ha did not accept tha implications of tha result. Basi cally Birky believes that HC1 is very important in inducing in capacitation or loss of usaful function in a fire victim. Since our work has shown that carbon monoxide and not HCl is important in Inducing tast animal incapacitation in tha rotating cage experiment, Birky vlewa this bioresponse as inadequate. This reflects the influence which Alarie has had on Birky. After hearing our presentation, Birky askad us to do some new experiments end to supply him with samples of PVC/tPC, which weald be teetstl by Alarie. Birky wanted ua to teat wood, PVC and MtfcMP eo that the relative performance could be determined, flimoe Alarie would be tenting FVC/1PC by sensory irritation, we believed it was essential to test this notarial by incapacitation in tbs stating gage experiment for coeparlaon. To denonstrats that tin effect ef WtC is not exclusive to pvc but that it would operate in spy acid ges generating polymer, polychloroprene and polyphleanpMM/SPC *re also tested. Birky's request to us to do theeeexperlJMnts indicated a genuine reeeptivenese to further input. Unto an input to Blrky's work is vital at this point, the seperidHts have bean dona. This report gives the results of the MtiHin of experiments done in response to Birky*s request. mm - Procedure it, experimental conditions and procedure have sines the third round of testing'3'. Three m keen made* 1.) static animals have been hnating unit has been rebuilt based on nichrsme .____________nlsanritsf and 3.) the squirrel cage air recircu* n pMB MS been replaced with a parasteltlc pep of the air flow rate capacity. 22614007 BFG21962 1.' Apparatus - Procedure - .Continued; The physical system consists of j 40 liter .r.nalatior. chamber and a 20 liter combustion chamber interconnected by air circulation system. The experimental conditions are t-.e same as previously used*. The partial recirculation of the atmosphere which is used m this procedure permits the fulfill ment of three critical criteria: 1.) the animals are exposed *o air no hotter then 32C; 2.) test animal anoxia is prevented since the % Oj does not go below 18%; and 3.) a pseudo-stable atmosphere of combustion products is generated. Ttve duration of the exposure ie fifteen minutes for each experiment. Since all exposures are of the seme duration, meaningful comparisons of post sxposurt mortality date can be made. The fifteen minute time period of the experiment ie important for another reason. During combustion, PVC releases HC1 ssrly, further heating results in the evolution of CO. It is important that the test anlaels be exposed to the products of ell phases of the decom position process. The fifteen minute exposure allows nearly complete combustion to occur. The inhalation chamber holds six rotating cages on s common drive shaft. One animal is placed in each cage end the cages ere rotated at six RM by an slsetric motor. The bloreaponses which mere date--Ined with their definitions ere: 1.) Inosesoltation - At the end of the IS minute exposure, E*aHEr""oF~animsls incapacitated out of six was determined. The result is reported as a percent. 1*1 *.) Time be Incapacitation - The ties at which iaespacitatiM omeurrel vee determined for each animal which beoame incapacitated. The time interval daring which lmad*gW.m-V eltatloA occurred is reported. At the end of the s dead out of the origresult is reported as a soon9zz farm mortality - if at the and of the amposure two animals were not dead, enough were eacrithat two were available for % CO*flb deteminl surviving animals wars returned to holding feoorvation. Pood and water were available, of two weeks, the cumulative number of tls dmad out of the original six wee determined. .0 sacrificed for % CO'Bb were not loeledod in the statistice. The result is expressed ae a percent. !! wHta/HU7 smoldering combustion* liters per minute of tOt relative humidity fresh air enters the oonbestioe cl 10 liters per miamto transfers from the combustion to the ir, liters per minute returns from tbn elubrnr* 0 liters per miamto is r 1.) Apparatua - Procedure - Continued! Two expressions of the mass of material used in each experi ment are given: 1.) the actual weight of tho sample used, ar.J 2.' a concentration parameter -- the weight of sample consumed divided by the volume of atmosphere in the experiment. This par ameter facilitates intercomparison of results from various types of apparatus by accounting for differences of volume. The volume of our experiment is defined as 180 liters [40 *20+15 minutes X (8 liters per minute flow rate)1 . The results are shown in Table I. 2.) Developing Dose-Response Curvee 11m evaluation of the performance of a material is based on the mase of material which will induce 50% response. For a given material, aa the mass increases, the percent of the exposed emiamls whleh will respond increases. A plot of the percent imp versus the mass of material exposed ia defined as a dose iee serve. The sees of material which will induce 50% ism oan he obtained directly from such a curve. The nuneri* eair eelme of the mass of material which induces 50% response o i 1.) the specific biorespooee in question. . .inoe* i, mortality, or other, and a.) the properties of the .* low or hifh tonic gas release. Xn a comparison of materielsf the material with the largest value of response is jmdpsd to be better or safer. . thi< >U&# :iom bioresponse has been ten ia ear pi evious 4tive response'*). Thi is, s mull inere* i? exposed will reselt on 0% libQ ts 100% animals rei ideally, doss* fmm defined hr non-aero .00 percent rei because several experiments may Hf 9r ok a range of sample weights whleh will M type of ratalt. In order to have tbs best data national amresu of Standards, for this taken special efforts to define tbs with aee-xero, non*100 peroent response data Ip illustrated in Figure I which shows the dofimsd by the data from Table I for Oman 0750 the results for the ness of materiel which 6U 0C T9ZZ jj BFG21964