Document dr63ZRgkgyLGVve4G85ONL5G

R&s 112091 I bio-medical.research DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION FORM 63 68 69 76 Duplicate in all cards:--> l*?fa nnnn354 year as-1961- File number [Right justify [Numeric only] Author(s), as Last Name FS (No Punctuation) and coden for journal as JAMA preceeded by one blank space 20 21 40 41 77 78 l/<- Sub-Index Code 60 61 62 11 12 13 Title of Report; end with space-hyphen-hyphen-space. Follow with Index Terms, separated from each other with comma-space. Avoid other punctuation; do not abbreviate. 12 61 62 21 22 C ------- f s 7 23 24 Source (Journal. Vol., Number, Pages, Date ) 12 C frrr~2? /??*? 61 62 31 32 Brief Summary 12 10 SUMMARY: 61 62 61 62 63 64 4 0000354 and technical assistance In all, nonfarm business spent $4.9 a licensing or rule making billion for air and water pollution con Date tf/fa-t7- trol in 1973, or 4.9% of its total capital ng the nuclear regulatory investment. And these companiesdfcL- Gordon# H. L. Langner, R. R. 2030 607 ay for costs and other fees pect to spend .$6.5 billion this ye^^P ors and other "eligible" 5.87o of the total capital expendiOTes nuclear licensing proceed** anticipated at the time of the survey. Oelfke# K. H. Rausch# D. A. Freeport 2020 , Air pollution control expenditures ac g the designation of sites counted for 64% of total expenditures power parks in each of the in 1973 and will account for about 667c Roberts, D. J. 2030 e electric power reliability in 1974, $V svixiXyrij , sU.S. ime last week, both House had recessed for a twoion with the constituency. More trouble brewing R&S 112092 From: T. R. Torkelson# 9008 :heduled to resume activiter Labor Day, and action e version of S. 1283--which lify matters for the con- rhe reorganization act--is >r soon thereafter. Even so, s won't have much time to 'u lUViipunvi Tfuutu 1IW trences among House and deterrent in the accomplishment of the Senate provisions for an ERDA, an energy R&D programs." He would also NEC, or an NSLC, because Congress be charged with assuring the collec hopes to adjourn by Oct. 15 to go elec tion, analysis, and dissemination of tioneering. Still, it's virtually certain manpower supply and demand data re that some form of an energy reorgani lating to energy R&D. zation bill will be on President Ford's Making available certain informa- desk long before then. for vinyl chloride Exposure to vinyl chloride may cause both genetic damage and birth defects. And the chemical, already alleged to cause a rare form of liver cancer, also may increase the danger of developing other types of cancer, the Senate Com merce Subcommittee on Environment was warned late last month. The sub committee hearings, called ostensibly to examine evidence on the potential health hazards of vinyl chloride, also seemed aimed at influencing the prog ress of toxic substances legislation, which has been stalemated in a confer Pollution control spending on the rise ence, committee for more than nine months. Most of the witnesses came According to the Government's first all-industry survey of capital spending for air and water pollution abatement this year and last, the chemical indus try spent $416 million in 1973, and plans to spend $609 million in 1974. These figures represent 9.6% of total chemical industry spending for new plant and equipment in 1973 and 11.6% in 1974. The chemical industp' ranked fourth among the five leading industries-- electric utilities ($1.4 billion), petrole um ($600 million), nonferrous metals ($500 million), and paper ($400 mil lion)--in spending for air and water prepared to testify on the need for such winter, and the results were released legislation. late last month. Testifying before the subcommittee. One of the more interesting results of Dr. Irving J. Selikoff of Mount the survey is that when companies School of Medicine said, "Early^fl were asked the question, "Have restric ings indicate that vinyl chloride may tions on pollution discharges caused be mutagenic, as well as carcinogenic." your company to reduce expenditures He reports that examination of chro for new plant and equipment in mosomes in a group of 11 U.S. vinyl 1973-- or planned expenditures in chloride workers has shown "chromo 1974-- from what they would have oth some changes to be present considera erwise been?" only 2% of the com bly more frequently than expected." panies thought that the pollution Dr. Selikoff also cites laboratory stud abatement regulations have interfered ies in Sweden, recently confirmed in with their capital investment plans. the U.S., that show vinyl chloride to be This statistic, according to BEA, indi mutagenic in salmonella test systems. cates that business as a whole does not He adds that investigations by the pollution control. The survey was con think of pollution abatement regula Ohio State Department of Health have ducted by the Department of Commer tions as reducing investment in new found increased birth malformations in ce's Bureau of Economic Analysis last plant and equipment. three Ohio counties in which vinyl chloride plants are located. Industry may spend $6 billion on control equipment this year Although admitting that the "evi NEW PLANT AND EQUIPMENT EXPENDITURES dence is still limited and requires wide 1373* 1974b extension and confirmation," Dr. Seli S Millions All industries Manufacturing Total caplUI invest Air Water Tout ment $3176 $1762 $4938 $100,076 2050 1103 3153 38.003 Totel capital invest Air Water Total ment $4346 $2196 $6542 $112,114 2929 1517 4446 44,404 koff says that "nevertheless, those data that are available give ground for con cern." These data, he says, suggest "considerable caution and prudence the exposure of humans to the mate, ial," especially men and women in the Durable goods 1207 372 1579 19.389 1523 540 2063 22,611 fertile ages. Nondurable goods Foods, including beverages 843 731 1574 18.614 68 84 152 3,048 1406 977 Z383 21,793 However, Dow Chemical's Dr. Theo dore R, Torkelson, testifying on behalf 112 118 230 3,276 of the Manufacturing Chemists Associ Textiles Paper Chemicals Petroleum Rubber Other nondurables Nonmanufacturing 9 20 29 174 181 355 203 213 416 352 203 555 26 23 49 12 7 19 787 1.893 4,324 5,409 1.567 1.586 1126 659 1785 6Z.073 17 26 43 773 ation, told the subcommittee that 326 174 500 2,484 there is no evidence either for or 293 316 609 5,249 against the proposal that vinyl d^kide 610 316 926 6.888 causes mutagenic effects in hflHis. 33 18 51 1.580 His position agrees with that of Ralph 16 9 25 1.543 L. Harding, -Jr., president of the Soci ety of the Plastics Industry, who says, 1418 679 2097 67,710 "It must be emphasized that the infor a Estimates, b Planned. Source: Department of Commerce mation developed thus far does not yet Ii J I 30 0) too CD W constitute a body of `hard data' on the totality of the vinyl chloride hazard." However, Mr. Harding adds, "there seems to be no dispute at this time that vinyl chloride monomer is a car cinogen in both man and animals." Further evidence as to the human carcinogenicity of vinyl chloride was presented to the subcommittee by Dr. Joseph K. Wagoner, director of field studies and clinical investigations for the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, which has conduct ed a study of causes of death for work ers at two polyvinyl chloride manufac turing facilities. Dr. Wagoner says that although the "overall number of deaths of these workers is just slightly greater than expected," a 57% increase in deaths due to cancer beyond what would have been expected has been ob- Tunney: system to evaluate substances served. Although there were 12 times as many deaths due to liver cancer than normally would be expected, there also was an excess mortality ob served for cancers of the respiratory system, the blood forming tissues, and the brain and central nervous system, he says. Dr. Wagoner also reported at the hearings the discovery of another death due to angiosarcoma of the liver in a U.S. polyvinyl chloride manufac turing worker. Sen. John V. Tunney (D.-Calif.), chairman of the subcommittee, said, "It is absolutely indefensible to me that the only way we became aware of the dangers of vinyl chloride was be cause of the deaths of at least 16 vinyl chloride workers." And in what ap peared to be a push for the toxic sub stances bill. Sen. Tunney added that it is essential that "we establish some or derly, comprehensive system for evalu ating substances before we're confront ed with a Hobson's choice between protecting health or preserving jobs." Both toxic substance bills now before the House-Senate conference commit tee contain provisions giving the Gov ernment authority to require testing and screening of chemicals before they are marketed commercially. The Sen ate bill, S. 426, would require premar ket screening for all new chemical sub stances and all new uses of chemical substances under the direction of the Environmental Protection Agency. However, the House version of the bill, H.R. 5356, would require screening only for new chemical substances and new uses of existing substances that have been identified by EPA as posing a substantial danger to health or the environment. Toxic substances legislation drew strong support from James L. Agee, as sistant EPA administrator. He told the subcommittee that "the potential envi ronmental threat from high volume in dustrial chemicals has not received high enough priority either from Gov ernment or industry." Mr. Agee says, "A far more effective means of dealing with such chemicals would be on the basis of the Toxic Substances Control Act. ... It cannot be assumed that ade quate research, testing, and related safety measures have been or will be undertaken." SP1 president Harding also support ed the legislation, saying that "SPI has no quarrel with legislation that at tempts to reduce the future impact on human beings and the environment of new chemical substances." However, he adds, "the House language more realistically addresses the problem of premarket testing and the proper as sessment of environmental and human health impact prior to the develop ment of new technologies." It's not clear what effect, if any, these hearings will have on the fate of the toxic substances legislation. Con ferees working out the differences be tween the House and Senate bills held their first meeting in several months only two days before the hearings started. But a staff aid says that he still feels that the legislation will be passed this session even though Con gress faces a long, election-year ad journment. New regulations for air quality proposed The Environmental Protection Agency has come up with some proposed regu lations that may help clarify the 1970 Clean Air Act. The new proposal would give states the task of determining the amount of air quality deterioration, if any, allowed within their borders. One of the requirements the 1970 (act neglected to spell out is that in '"enhancing and protecting" air quali ty, what happens to air that is already cleaner than the national standards set and implemented by EPA? Can this air be dirtied or should it be "pro tected" from any pollution? Four environmental groups--the Sierra Club, Metropolitan Washington Coalition for Clean Air, New Mexico Citizens for Clean Air and Water, and the Clean Air Council of San Diego County--took EPA to court over this issue in 1972 and obtained a ruling that there should be no "significant de terioration" of existing pristine air. However.- the court left the chore of de fining precisely what is "significant" to EPA. Under the new proposal, states would designate their air in one of three classifications: Class I--areas where any change in air quality would be significant; Class II--areas where moderate change is acceptable but where stringent air quality is neverthe less desired; and Class III--areas where major industrial or other growth is de- EPA proposals would s t limits for pollutants in air... Pollutant* AREA DESIGNATION Cl|ob u Cl|a|>ss Particulate matter Annual geometric mean 24-hourmaximum Sulfur dioxide Annual arithmetic mean 24-hour maximum 3-hour maximum 5 10 10 30 2 15 5 100 25 700 a Increases In concentration (micrograms per cubic meter) over presently existing levels, b Areas where no change from current air quality is desired, c Areas where moderate change in sir quality is acceptable. ../require'W review control plans for hew plants8 . Fossil-fuel-fired steam electric plants of ; more, than 1 billion B.t.d. per hour y Coai^cieanlng plants (thermal dryers) Kraft pulp' mill recovery furnaces . _' . Portland cement plants . - ,,V / ' Primary zinc smelters . ,, . . Iron ;and steei mill metallurgical fui- j t naces :/ Primary aluminum ore reduction plants / Primary copper smelters _ A/iunldipal incinerators capable of han-. tiling more than 250 tons per day of /refuse ' /.- - . Sulfuric acid plants . , . ' v' Eetrofeum refineries' > ; ,. . * Irrie plants/. //S'.. /' Phosphate/belt processing plants / By-product coke oven batteries /. Cullurfecdvery plants -/ Carbon black plants (furnace process) Primary lead smelters ^ ,'/ , .,./- Fuel conversion plants - : - v Sintering plants ,. V Applicable to 19 categories showri. S'. A Sent. 2. 1974C&EN 13