Document dnv2opwekpBDXXZdqYRm0YD85

FILE NAME: National Safety Council (NSC) DATE: 1933 July DOC#: NSC138 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: NSC - National Safety News SANFAETTIYONNAEWL S B I I S H I O BV T H E NATIONAL P L A N T O BE IN C H I C A G O U R I N G T HI S E V E N T F U L WEEK PLAINTIFF'S t-s EXHIBIT i MSC-HM ! N a tio n a l Sa fe ty IVew s Published monthly in the interest of accident prevention and the health of industrial workers VOL- XXVIU, No. 1 CONTENTS for JULY, 1933 We Can't Afford to Let U p--F. L. B a l l .................................................................. 11 * i Facts About A ccidents in 1932 .................................................................................... 13 < Demonstrating Electric S afety-- Edmund H. E itc l................................................... IS yL. 1" Safety at the Q uarter Century Mark--Arthur H. V a u n t.........................................19 * ^ Can Management Control the F leet's Experience?--E. L. H a r o ld ......................21 c Horseplay Prone-- A rthur S. M c A r th u r .................................................................."23 l Unions Aid in S tate S afety Program--J. D. H a c k e tt.............................................25 T. New Haven Line W ins H arritnan A w a r d ................................................................ 26 7. The Congress R eporter ................................................................................................27 c * 'very Fire H as Its L essons-- H. H. Ferguson . . ...................................................33 Ki Regular Departments * * H ; i : ! !- {c **2: }\, I IMimriai ................................... ................ V i!.- M -ft-cm c D ire c to rs Pu.cc ................. 10 ;<v -.xdianfie .................- \ :..v lu.^runiifi ............. 30 11k- ctidcn: Kar<*mcti*T .................... 3- iikiuwriui H ealth ................................. . -.56 TIk Bulletin Board ...........................-- .......40 Personals .............. vt With (lie Manufacturer .VK The Safety Library ... 6*1 The Honor Roll ....... 6-* Gmunc Events ............ 6-1 [' ; C a r.w a n T . F is h , E d itor | * G. M. B r ig g s, A sso cia te E ditor S t a n l e y H . K e r s h a w , P oster E ditor C . H . M il l e r , A dvertising M anager C o p y rig h t 111} b y N * tl i l S a f e ty C o u n cil, Ine. P rim e d la U. S. A. P u b lis h e d ,m o n th ly . K: . r- d uk * * co fid -ci* * a m u t t e r J u n e l. 1921, i t th e Poet Office i t C h ic a g o , U L,*under th e >' ' iU rt-n s, 1179. A d d itio n ! e n t r y 1 fit. Jo se p h , M ich. % T;.- Mjl*. r ip tio n p rie e t o m e m b e rs f o r e x tr a copies of th e N A T IO N A L S A F E T Y N E W S u l< * |er y e a r . S in g le c o p ie s . 40 c e n ts . R educed q u a n tity p ric e s fo r y e a r iy s u b s c r ip t '><*< laud s in g le c o p ie s o n r e q u e s t. Subscription* re a ra lla b Je o n ly 'iv m e n rb e rro / lb N ational S afety Council. Member A udit B u reau o f C lreulatlon. T h is m a g s s in e 1 in d e x e d In th e I n d u s t r i a l A rts lo d e s. U S U u m tn u and o p in io n s a d ra n c e d In signed arttclee are to be u n d ersto o d as individual expressions of th e ir a u th o rs, n o t th o se of the N ational Safety Council. N ational Safety Council, Inc. /CMprrelhv--.Vort'CtfliinfrdeJ^VuAW'olKIral^.VffAJrciorh/i/ 20 N orth W eker Drive, Chicago, U. S. A. New Y ork Office, 9 Eat 41t Street Office o f th e E d u catio n D ivi.ion, 1 Park Are,, New Y ork City National Safety Council Officers, 1932-1933 J aMks l. Banasm, President Iteesar 1. Ca h jk . Vice-President for Public Safety J. E. Cu lu k st. V ice-President fo r Ba- tioeerln* Howam 8. Fokoa, Vice-President for Membership G. T. HuLLKUTft, Vice-President for BuiJsess A dm inistration Jo n * E. Long, V ice-President for Safety Councils Games H. Waftru V ice-President for _ industriel Safa, D . CaaaiVs ' K . V a i w * , V*vc-rtvahkA for Health Alust W. WMfTNCT. V ice-President for Education Wtu. Cooro. Trra>urer W. H. Camchom, Secretary and Manectn Director Executive Coiuiuittee Members at Large J. 1. Balaam. Cuiiftuiliue Rneiuecr Em sist W. iixcx. United Slates R obber Co. W. II. CAMceo*. M auofin Director Roaorr 1. Catum, The Aetna Life in s u r- eaee.Co. W tu. Coerce. The Stevens Hotel J. E. Clxukcy. Bethlehem Steel Cor*p. Eawajm DaKa. Boston E levated R ailw ay IlewAse II. Fokiu. B urroughs Wellcome A Co. (U. S. A .). Inc. Da. Thomas \v. Gosuko, Superintendent of Schools, A kron, Ohio Haaar G uiusar, Th Pullm an Company G. T. K c u jtfv m , Chicago N orth Shore A Milwaukee R ailroad Co. C s A im E. H n x , Near Y ork Central F^axk J. Lo <ah an. F o rt PH t Malleable '' iroa Co. Jim * E. Lomc. T he D elaw are A H udson Railroad Coirp. Gcasaa E. S t* roan. G eneral E lectric Co. C W. S a m r, S tandard Oil Co. (Ind.) A araea M. Too, C onsulting M arine En- gtaetr Geoeoa K. W iA m , Union Peeifle System Da. Cassius II. \V*tsok, A m erican Tele- phone A Telegraph Co. A m o r W. W arrx c v . National Bureau of Casualty and Surety U nderwriters Da. C -E. A. \VIKslow. Yale Medical School Repre*enting Safety Council. William F. Asskjik. M ilw aukee. Wls. E. A tuaxiT i. York County, Pa. Kiu k s u k M. Kscml, K v e n s to n , III. II. W, Loanee. ClevHand W. W. Mack. Delaw are E L. SjMOKes. New (iavrn. Conn. J. It. TAYLoa, B irm inahani. Ala. ReprMcnting Section. C B. Boclat, P ublie C tllltirs Foauk H. Cocak, Marine Thomas E. L iantT oor, M inine J . J . Piju k , p a p e r an d P ulp H. S. Smith, A SSE -E ntioecrinc R. T. Solsmstcm, Accident Prevention Equipment M anufacturers W. L. Wmitu, Ja., Cement Past Presidents Rocsrr W. Camr e u . AaraoB T. MoaiT Lew R. Palm Davis Vam Sc n a a cx * Halts C Hic h a m s * CMAitlS P . T0LMA.N A itiv k K. Yoomo Maocos A. Dow Lew is JL DtBcots iC'aMoAl--0m.*Aqv,sslcott Walt G. Kiko IIo m o E. N i u T Lr.-Coc Hkmat A. Hs h ik c m C. EOCSMC pKTTtaOKC Ca W. H uK kim r H otir;trv M e ttiImta |(o*r W. (.tN riM U AMUMUATIOK V* (AUK .V STIJ.I 1'J.lt.TKKAL I'JEVilS'fcT.AS A rm va Wiixiams OwwtU I ndustrial H ealth A Non-Technical Symposium for Physicians and Laymen The Medical Control of Occupational Diseases B y W. IRV IN G CLARK, M.D.* OCCUPATIONAL disease is wide spread through industry, but is relatively infrequent as compared with industrial accidents. Although there are a few occupational diseases not due to the materials used in manu facturing, the majority of diseases due to occupation result from the effects of some irritating or toxic substance which enters into the formula or is a by product of production. The list alone of toxic products would require some time to read and Johann Mueller has published a table (quoted by Koh-erj giving 44 industries in which toxic products are used or produced. In addition to such chemical sub stances, there are the dusts, and various vizards such as infection'^rom anthrax and the danger of electric shock or burn which must be considered. Obviously, in manufacturing plants where toxic other harmful substances are present, some form nf medical supervision of both the workers and of the hazard to which they are exposed must be pro vided. The method of this control is the subject of this paper. Each manufacturing plant has its own hazard. It is, therefore, not neces sary for the industrial physician to be versed :n the action of every form of toxic or injurious substance known, but only of the action and danger of those present La the plain or plam s'ot'er'whiciT be has stqv.rviijon. 'V-.'.V -d c " ! disease differ* greatly from ucrtipnrionai injury in that it is slow in its onset, vague in its symptoms, dimeuit '->diagnose, and frequently dif ficult or even impossible to cure unless early discovered. Thus occupational ac cident consists of industrial accidents and a n :;: conditions resulting from the ;*l r e c t o r . N o r tu n C o m p a n y . A'm*- .i.t , Vn**. a i*tr**T ai t'v u' contact with toxic substances, while oc cupational disease is the reaction of the body cells to a toxic or harmful sub stance entering into the manufacturing process. The work of the industrial physician should be divided between the factory and the shop dispensary. Let us consider in detail the medical check up against a hazard. The industrial physician must know every chemical and physical health hazard, in his factory. He obtains this knowledge by conference with the pro duction departments, by personal in spection and by conference with the fac tory laboratories if such are maintained. Having located all possible hazards, his next step is to check the mechanical devices in operation upon which the pro tection of the worker depends. Such de vices would be hoods and fume removal apparatus, dust collecting systems, etc. Next he must determine the efficiency of these devices, as inefficient mechani cal devices may be more dangerous than no protection at all. because of the feel ing of safety which their presence pro duces. Personal Protection Following this, a careful review of the various production operations will show certain operations where no mechanical protection is possible, but where dangeruus exposure can r.+ nvevte<l by `he wearing of respirators, gloves, or other methods of personal protection. Thus workers in bakelite. who frequently de velop an irritating rash, may tw protect ed by requiring them to wear one piece overalls with a snug swathe about 'he neck, gauntlet rubber gloves, and gog gles. The overalls and swadies must be laundered vi-iuv-vlv -.rid :iv v,.<rl:*-i - obliged to take a shower after workin Such rules must be enforced by ti foreman, but it is the duty of the indu trial physician to detect the hazard ar to devise the preventive measures. Next in the program is the importanc of knowing the physical condition ; each worker who is exposed to the ha: ard of industrial disease. To obtain th information, a complete physical ex amination of each exposed workma must l>e made and the result fully re corded. This examination is a supple ment to the entrance examination whicl is more general in character. The speck: examination should lie directed at> am part of the body likely to be affected b> the special work the man or woman i: doing. Thus, in persons exposed to % dust hazard, a careful chest examination including X-ray, is necessary, and any suspicious signs followed up with care, while in those exposed to such a hazard as lead, examinations of the blood for anaemia and stipj --g,- as- well as an occasional urinanaiysis for lead, are in dicated. The industrial physician has now de termined the hazard or hazards, has de cided whether any workers are suffering from the beginning of occupational di sease. and has instituted a program of personal protection for those who are exposed. His next step is to maintain medical supervision over those exposed. This is done by visiting the d ep art ments and watching the men at work, by checking up with the foreman that rules are observed, and by a periodic physical examination of workers ex posed. If possible, a yearly examination of al! workers is desirable, whether or not they are exposed to a physical hazarc. in cases of men exposed to harrr.tuproducts of manufacturing, re-exanunation at suitable intervals is imperative if one hopes to prevent industrial di sease. Even under the most careful me chanical protection and medical super vision. cases of occupational disease wid develop, but they may be discoverro early anil prevented from becoming a danger to the worker by the work of trie In carrying out this program, the greatest care must be taken to introduce exam inations, especially X-ray examina physical condition. Worry, sleepless ness, poorly selected fbod, poor living conditions may also contribute in bring Financing the Fight Against Accidents tions, slow ly and tactfully. If entrance ing about a susceptibility not normally TV/TANY people are making provision exam inations are in force and have been present. 1 V 1 a their w ills to continue their sup for several years, the subsequent exam i nations are usually taken as a m atter of course. Inasmuch as re-examinations are done on cases having physical defects, and as many o f those working in haz ardous departm ents have such defects, the re-examination of all should be un derstood and not cause apprehension. In my experience, workers like physi Industrial disease is deceptive and may be extrem ely difficult to diagnose when the exposure is to several different substances. During the present dis astrous period, when fear and appre hension are affecting every one, there are a number of w ork en .in every factory who develop vague symptoms, neurotic in character, which ar very deceptive. port of philanthropic, educational and scientific causes. Such support (or the Safety Movement will make possible a greater extension of activities than its present financial structure will perm it G ifts may be made for general activities or to establish specific projects, such as scientific research or awards for out standing safety accomplishments. cal exam inations, ask intelligent ques In these cases very careful diagnosis is Public safety activities cannot be tions, and accept advice. W hile routine necessary ,to determine whether or not made self-supporting. The vast amount X -rays may occasionally be desirable, industrial disease is present. of educational effort and the numerous the first exam inations o f th is type should be made of cases in which physi c a l exam ination suggests some patho logical condition. If a pathological con A program for th protection of the worker from occupational disease m ay be summarized, therefore, as follows: research projects involved in this com plex and many sided problem must be financed by public spirited individuals and organizations.. dition is found which may be attributed directly or indirectly to the process, the worker should be transferred to a non- 1. Physical of all woeieer* before employment in order to apply hazardous department with those best physically fitted for tbe work and in order to protect the The following alternative forms axe suggested for those who desire to provide by w ill for their continued support of the hazardous department and paid as high sub-standard worker by employing bint else N ational Safety Council: a w age as he was receiving at his old where in the faetoty- . work. N ot only should the worker be rem oved from the harmful influence but 2. Periodic re-cxarainatian.of workers in de partments in which there is an occupatio n al. disease hazard, gpring special attention to FDR GUT OF MONEY OR OTHER PERSONAL PROPERTY specific treatm ent, if there be such, should be directed at the disease. Susceptibility Varies Industrial diseases are peculiar in that h e y affect only a few of those'exposed. the effects of any hazardous condition on the worker. Such exammatiom sbenld be made as fiteqocntly as the type of hazard requires. 3. Periodic examination of the working con ditions ef the departments of tbe pUot in which hazards exist. 4. Transfer to ooo-hazudons work of any worker showing signs of industrial disease. I grire. devise tod bequeath ante National Safety Council, t corporation organised sod ex isting sader tbe laws of tbe State of Illinois, tbe ssm n(- -- dollars, alternative provision: tbe following described personal property______________ *I to be disposed of sad used by tbe National Safety Carnal io tbe furtherance trad carrying One man may work safely when another w ill have ill effects. oat e f its wesk in the cuise of accident pteversThese four points form the basis o f T he industrial physician must be on., the medical control o f occupational the w atch for the insidious effect of. disease. sm all quantities o f some harmful product FOR GIFT O P REAL ESTATE I give, devise and bequeath onto N ational. Safety Cnaacil. a caspoeation organised and ex to w hich the worker may be^xposed for years before symptoms of general poor health call attention to an abnormal con d ition . W orkers exposed to a dust haz ard, to some o f the less harmful gases, or to sm all amounts of carbon monoxide, belong in this group. Som e individuals appear to have an Improved Street lighting Better Safety Record isting under the laws of tbe State of Illinois, tbe following described ceri estate, together with all holdings or other property nriiting r thereon: (here insert legal description of the iPR O V ED s t r e e t lig h tin g has lead to be g iv a ), to bave sad to hold tbe . em phatically b etttn d the safety same, onto the said corporation, its cacca record at Oakland, California, accordingsad assigna, forever. And it is my desire sad to the East B ay Safety Council. D uring hinatveentuionnlimthitaetdthreigNhtaotifondiaslpSoasafeltyofC(obuenscaiildshteaalll : the first 10 months after the street light estate, for tbe furtherance aad carrying out of inherited im munity to harmful products,^ ning was improved there were only half its work in the cause of strident prevention. w hile others appear peculiarly susceptfv '`as many night accidents involving deaths hie. I t is toward finding and em p loyin g' -and injuries as during th e corresponding Fo r c r e a t io n o f e n d o w m e n t f u n d workers of the first type and in trams-?..jacinths of the previous year. erring to other kinds-of, work those`of'" [C, Between March lk n d December 31, the seco n d . type, that the industrial 1932, there were nine accidents after physician m ust use his knowledge and .^.duk; during the corresponding months h is experience. . of ;-193l, before th e-ligh tin g was im E ven.w ith the most careful plan, con proved, there were 18 such accidents. tinual vigilance is necessary. Cases of Daytim e accidents showed a slight de industrial disease spring up in a very crease, from 16 to 14, in the same tim e. surprising way due to individual idio- Assuming that decreased traffic or som e -nerasy. Furthermore it must alw ays other cause would have shown a corre remembered that workers who are in sponding decrease in night accidents, the poor physical condition may be affected 1932 figure still would have been 16 in 1 give, devise and bequeath to National Safety Council, a corporation organised rod rristin g under the lairs of the State of M inors,, the sum of__ -- . ...-- dollars, the principal of this bequest to be safely kept, invested aad re-invested by tbe Finance Committee of the National Safety' Council, as aad for a part or the wboie of a permanent Endowment Fuad, the income of this fund to be used by the National Safety Council in Che cause of accident prevention. Provided that if in the judgment of the Execu tive Committee of the National Safety Counal the best interests of the National Safety Council riwwttm pww*tisri.r r>( row* n tM