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626 CHAPTER 27 1955 Guide dose or full thread ,shoidder, short, and long. A close nipple is about twice the length of the pipe thread since the threads actually meet. A shoulder nipple has a shoulder between the threads and is further classified as short or long. All shoulder nipples are cut to specific-lengths and sold in that manner. As a general rule, flanged joints are used when it is expected that the line will be disassembled quite often. There are three ways to attach the "flange to the pipe; screwed, welded or lapped. Types of contact surface will be discussed. Tables 8 to 14 give data on various types of ferrous fittings. Fittings for copper tubing are available in soldered, flared, or compres sion types (see Figure 2). Fittings for copper pipe of IPS dimensions are Table 7. Service Pressure Ratings fob Wrought Copper or Bronze Solder Joint Fittings* Maximum Service Pressure, psio Ttpe op Solder Service Temp., F 1 In.b Water 1*4 to 2 In.b 2Hto 4 In.b 50-50 Tin-lead (ASTM B32 Alloy Grade 50A) ( 95-5 Tin-antimonv or 95-5 Lead-tin } (ASTM B32 Alloy Grade 5A) 1 100 150 200 250 100 150 200 250 200 175e 150d 150 125c 100^ 100 90 75? 85 75 ' 50d 500 400 400 350 300 250 200 175 300 275 200 150 __ -- -- 15* -- -- -- 15 Solders with melting point 1100 F or 1 above 1 350 270 190 155 120 Note: Ratings other than specified here may be used upon the recommendation of the manufacturer as to the proper solders that should be used. * Extracted from American Standard for Wrought Copper and Bronze Solder Joint Fittings, B16.22-1951- b Standard water tube sizes except 1.8 in., which is *4 in. OD seamless copper tubing for refrigerator serv ice, etc. (ASTM B68). 0 These pressures may be used for cast-brass fittings (ASA B16.18-1950) for sizes 2 in. and smaller. d These pressures may be used for cast-brass fittings (ASA B16.18-1950) for sizes 2)4 in. and above. e Also allowable for cast-brass fittings (ASA B16.18-1950). available in screwed or soldered types. Table 15 gives size data for screwed fittings and Tables 16 and 17 for solder-type fittings for copper tube and pipe. The compression type fitting is generally limited to small sizes of tubing, while the flared and soldered types are used in both large and small sizesAn American Standard, ASA 40.2--1936, has been prepared to standardize dimensions of brass fittings for flared copper tubes. Flared tube fittings are widely used in refrigeration work where SAE dimensions and a 45 deg flare render most fittings interchangeable, although for refrigeration use, thread fits and tolerances on thread gages must be maintained within close limits. Brass fittings with SAE dimensions are not interchangeable with the American Standard fittings for water tubes. FLANGE FACINGS AND GASKETS There are many types of flange facings. The simplest, and the one most commonly used, is the plain face. This type of face is used with fittings shown in Table 9. Other facings, with varying complexity, are used for Pipe, Fittings, Welding 627 Table 8. Dimensions of Screwed Cast-Iron 90- and 45-Deo Elbows, Tees, and Crosses (Class 125) (Straight Sizes) 90*ELBOW TEE CROSS. 4S*ELBOW Nominal Pipe Size Center to End, Elbows, Tees, and Crosses Center to End, 45-Deq Elbows Length op Thread, Min B Width op Band, Min Inside Diam eter op Fitting F, Mm Min Metal Thickness Outside Diameter op Band, Min GH *4 H H lH IX 1*4 2 2*4 3 3*$ 4 5 6 8 10 0.81 0.95 1.12 1.31 1.50 1.75 1.94 2.25 2.70 3.08 3.42 3.79 4.50 6.13 6.56 8.08* 9.50* 0.73 0.80 0.88 0.98 1.12 1.29 1.43 1.68 1.95 2.17 2.39 2.61 3.05 3.46 4.28 5.16 5.97 0.32 0.36 0.43 0.50 0.58 0.67 0.70 0.75 0.92 0.98 1.03 1.08 1.18 1.28 1.47 1.68 1.88 0.38 0.44 0.50 0.56 0.62 0.69 0.75 0.84 0.94 1.00 1.06 1.12 1.18 1.28 1.47 1.68 1.88 0.584 0.719 0.897 .0.540 0.675 0.840 1.107 1.385 1.730 1.970 1.050 1.315 1.660 1.900 2.445 2.975 3.600 4.100 2.375 2.875 3.500 4.000 4.600 5.663 6.725 8.725 4.500 5.563 6.625 8.625 10.850 10.750 12.850 12.750 o.no 0.120 0.130 0.155 0.170 0.185 0.200 0.220 0.240 0.260 0.280 0.310 0.380 0.430 0.550 0.690 0.800 0.93 1.12 1.34 1.63 1.95 2.39 2.68 3.28 3.86 4.62 5.20 5.79 7.05 8.28 10.63 13.12 15.47 From American Standard Dimensions of Cast-Iron Screwed Fittings, Class 125. ASA B16.4-1949. All dimensions given in inches. * This applies to elbows and tees only. SOlKfHYPC FITTING BEFJBG0UTOP TYPE FURED-7U81NG FITTINGS FlARUHliaNG FITTINGS Fig. 2. Copper or Brass Tubing Fittings