Document dnDXxy6EwNkg7B8bded3rG1RG

c it y Cleveland d at e April 27, 1955 subj ec t MARCH PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT REPORT Paint, Varnish & Lacquer Laboratories ANSWERING LETTER OF FOB MR. L. NUSSER CLEVELAND Recently there has been a great deal of attention given to the question of toxicity of coatings by the legislative bodies and some national associations. The follow ing excerpt from Bernard L. Oser in the Food-Drug-Cosmetic Law Journal 693*696, November 1953* may help you to understand the complexity of this problem* "There is nc foundation in toxicology for regarding all substances as either poisonous or deleterious, on the one hand, or safe or harmless, on the other. The optical physicist has his absolute white and absolute black, but there are no absolutes for the toxicologist. "Toxicity" depends on species, age, weight, sex, dosage, route of administration, physiological or pathological state, and manifold other factors comprising "experimental conditions." Translation of toxicity data into terms of real or potential effect under any given set of circumstances as, for example, the determination of hazard to any particular segment of the population or to the public health generally, involves considerations that go far beyond toxicity effects in laboratory animals. "He succinctly sums this up by saying "there is nc zero degree of toxicity, of poisonousness, of deleteriousness, or indeed, of hazard." In the past formulas have been sent through marked non-toxic. You can see from the above the reasons for cautioning you not to mark your formulas in this manner. In the future on formulas of this nature designate only specific information, i.e., permissible lead content or clearance by the Bureau of Animal Industry. Also, be sure to designate if special handling is required by the manufacturing department to meet the specifications of the formula. While most Glidden products may be completely safe when used for their intended purposes and in accordance with proper instructions, even the most harmless of materials may prove toxic if improperly applied or if used in improper quantities. Therefore, we must avoid general or unqualified statements on the subject of toxicity to properly minimize our Company's risks with reference to this matter. In view of the risks inevitably present in toxicity representations or statements, no correspondence or communications containing such statements are to be made by any laboratory employees to prospective customers or customers of our Company. AH re quests for statements concerning the toxicity of our products must be referred to the Legal Department for approval prior to submission to your customer. The Legal Department where necessary will consult with our technical personnel and will then provide a properly qualified statement which can be submitted to your custoraer0 ES E. Schulte ng GLD37407 -2- 013 gnamel for Fibre Hampers We have hoen selling Victor Products 92-W-106 white enamel for use on fibre hampers for several years. However, recently they requested a white enamel to air dry in - to 6 h>.urs with better initial color as well as better color retention upon ageing. OL-65317 has been formulated at a $2.14 bulk cost for this use with V-872. Initial <olor and color retention is much improved with this new formulation, p.eductioj. is four to one with xylol for spray. ygml Glo:.;; Rlack Baking Enamel Lcofct Po/ *,afold Seat Company have been buying GL-64391-A for this use, but have recently complained that hardness and mar resistance were not satisfactory. CL-65353 'as been formulated to overcome these objections and satisfactory results, ye underhand, are being obtained at present. The black enamel is reduced 4 to 1 vith xyl'-.. for spray and baked 4-1/2 minutes at 350 P. in an infra red tunnel. K. P. ATWOOD Lead Inc--.pries Association, Project No. 20 This is i- evaluation of a number of pigmentations in wash primer and anti-corrosive intermec'.i-.e formulations. The project is being re-run because of early unexplain able fai..re of the red lead formulations in the first test. A new pigment of particult - interest, basic lead silico-chromate, made by National Lead, is included in this v:ct. Kewaunee fg. Co. - Vinyl Organosol We have v-cn working on this one for a long time. They require two to four hours exposure - such materials as concentrated H2SO4 and HNOo, also one-half hour to furfura. -.-4 ketone solvents. fur ear... res istar.. Vhe mar retain av jlicknes. materials could pass these tests, but were deficient in gloss and mar The gloss was raised to 65 by the use of Pliovic AO and Exon 470. .stance was improved by using a solvent combination of SI58 and S56 to dispersion and fusion, and use of Duponol G and 67552 for surface pharacte- --ics of GL-64596-B: N.V. Vis. Sheen Adhesion to steel Impact Hardness Bake' 50.2$ 120" 65 Good OK 30" direct and reverse H pencil 20' @ 350 GL037408 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT REPORT ANALYTICAL LABORATORY MARCH, 1955 C-20 The following new pigment standards have "been set up and will "be shipped out shortly. 1 Bl-61 2) W-188 3) W-202 4} B-50 5) B-12 6) Bn-21 7) YW-115 8) YW-6Q 9) B-4 10) B-7 11) B-12 12) B-26-B 13) B-50 1*0 Bn-4 15) Bn-21 16) Bn-59 17) R-293 18) R-298 19) YW-47 20) YW-48 21) YW-49 22) YW-56 23) W-192 24) V-202 25) YW-115 26) YW-108 27) R-206 Indo Blue Nytal #300 #2 Barytes Blue Black water sol. prod. Oil Black Spirit Brown C. P. Chrome, Med. Raw Sienna Bone Black Lampblack Oil Black Carbon Black Blue Black pvd. Walnut Brown Spirit Brown #759 Brown Oxide Metallic Brown Permanent Carmine Cadmium Lithopone Lemon Cadmium Lithopone Golden Cadmium Lithopone Primrose Cadmium Lithopone Orange 1767 Talc #22 Barytes C. P. Chrome Orange Sun Yellow "N" Permanent Red Toner Harmon Color R. T. Vanderbilt Thompson Weinman National Aniline American Cyaniraid National Aniline Reichhold Cml. Reichard Coulston Binney & Smith Monsanto American Cyanimid Binney & Smith National Aniline N. Y. Color & Chera. National Aniline Reichard Coulston C. K. Williams General Dystuff Chem. & Pig. Chem. & Pig. Chem. & Pig. Chem. & Pig. Whittaker Clark & Daniels Thompson Weinman Reichhold Harshaw Brooklyn Color R. H. FAUD GLD37409 -2- C-24 fflSCELLANEOUS -- We are continuing to evaluate a number of new latexes supplied by companies desiring to break into butadiene styrene latex production. Several of them have come up with surprisingly different and interesting materials. We shall continue our evaluation of them and pass on a full report as quickly as we can reach firm conclusions. J G. Kingston OIL PRODUCTS LABORATORY Y-555 GLIDDBNCOAT -- A few months ago it was brought to our attention that Ketronite (W-31) is an excellent pigment for enamel undercoats because of its non-clogging characteristics in sandpaper. We decided to investigate W-31 with the use of V-37 (phenolic cold cut) for harder dry. The results were harder dry and much improved sanding. The brushing was improved slightly and enamel hold out, flow, color, hiding were the same as the regular formula. The Y-555-L formula with these improvements has been sent to the plant to be checked and field tested. Y-2950 RIP0LB3 SEMI-GLOSS -- Y-2950-J has been formulated to use S-240 (low odor solvent). We are also using Bentone W-195 in place of 67-T-300 for settling and sag control. The W-195 is more efficient and gives better uniformity from batch to batch. A definite ease of brushing is also noted with the use of W-195, The formula is being checked out in the plant. Y-1252 JAPAIAC PRANGS -- The duPont people have presented the information that chrome orange (YW-22) can be replaced by a combination of molybdate orange (YW-11) and chrome yellow (YW-2) to give better gloss retention, better color retention, increased hiding and lower cost. Y-1252-F has been formulated using YW-,111 and YW-2 to match the standard color. The results were increased hiding and lower cost. Our weatherometer exposures are showing better gloss and color retention. LOW ODOR SOLVENTS -- Tests have been run using citrus limonene (Glidden Naval Stores) with mineral spirits (S-43) and low odor solvent (S-240). The plan is to stock a better solvent to replace the mineral spirits and turpentine recommendation on our label. It has been decided to use GL-64757, 3 ounces per gallon citrus limonene with S-43, to give good odor and good solvency. J. E. Southwick lms 4A3/55 GLD37410 I I 627-R PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT REPORT FOR MARCH. 1955 Paint Laboratory I Specifications We have just recently developed RGL-25928, Federal Specification TT- I p-664 lacquer Resisting Rust-Inhibiting Synthetic Primer* Samples have been sent to Aberdeen Proving Ground for qualification testing. We have received an additional order for 85 drums of RGL-23465-B, #611 I Green Zinc Chromate Primer for Fairchild Aircraft, Hagerstown, Maryland. This will bring the total to 219 drums of this material that the subject customer has bought this calendar year. I (W, c. Bivans) I _V--inyl Alkyd Paints lot RL-15511 Vyn-Al Red Lead Primer For General Use Bulk Cost; $1.88 in 500 gal. I Reduce 5-1 with 178-C-3 for spray or brush full body. Appj.y 1-1.25 mils dry film thickness. Dry to recoat in 1 hour I Coverage 350 sq. feet per gallon. Designed to be used either as a primer over bare metal or over old paint. Can be r^coated with straight vinyl topcoats or vinyl alkyd topcoats. I RL-13538 Brown Vyn-Al Paint Bulk Cost-;$2.00 in 500 gallon lots Reduce 5-1 with 178-C-3 for spray or brush full body Apply 1.0 mil dry film thickness I Dry!to recoat in 1 hour Coverage 350 sq. ft. per gallon Thi$ was formulated for New York Central Railroad I RL-13539 | Gray Vyn-Al Paint_________________ Bulk Cost: $2.55 in 500 gal, lots This was formulated for New York Central Railroad Reduce 5-1 with 178-C-3 for spray or brush full body I Apply l.o mil dry film thickness Dry!to re coat In 1 hour Coverage 350 sq. ft. per gallon I Wash Prliter - 178-G-l - MIL-P-15328 I Recently we had a complaint from the Coast Guard on this material claiming: that we did not meet the required distillation range. The distill ation raiige using the specified Snyder 6 ball distillation column is 78.2 82F. I Rechecks of our production of base and acid component revealed that our initial boiling point was entirely too low. In the acid component our initial I boiling point was around 60F . for the minimum of 78F. Chepks on denatured alcohols from Shell and Publicker also gave low i GLD37411 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT REPORT TORONTO MARCH 19$$ Staining of White House Paints by driers Discussion of the color of white house paint by the Cleveland laboratory has recalled some test work done over the past few years regarding the staining of white house paints. We have had this problem for many years and on occasion have found it necessary to repaint certain jobs which were off color. For a long time this discoloration was a mystery to us and at one time we blamed it on iron contamination from drums in which certain raw materials were stored. A more recent series of tests proved that manganese is the main staining agent used in white house paints. Tests Were niade by filling bottles with 0-132 and adding small amounts of drier solution. Some interesting results were obtained. (1) Manganese alone with no other drier does not cause discoloration of oil. (2) True auxiliary driers such as lead or cerium are necessary for staining to occur. By true driers we refer to metals capable of existing in two or more states of oxidation. Lead and cerium fulfill this requirement. Zinc and calcium do riot. (3) Oxygen is necessary for staining. (U) Light is a catalyst for the reaction. (5) The color is not permanent but fades as oxygen is absorbed by the oil. (6) Staining by manganese plus lead is more rapid than staining by manganese plus cerium. However, once the staining effect has taken place the cerium combination takes longer to bleach out. If a bottle of linseed oil containing lead and manganese drier is exposed to air a dark brown color forms at the surface and gradually disperses through the liquid causing the whole solution to bee cane a very dark brown. If the bottle is then sealed up the color will be absorbed in less than 2U hours. If the oil is once again exposed to air the dark color will reappear. Addition of benzoyl per oxide will bleach out the color. Light is apparently a catalyst for the staining reaction but is not essential. Staining with cobalt is similar to that caused by manganese except that the color is a bright green. The staining effect produced by cobalt is much weaker indi cating that cobalt would be a more desirable drier for white house paint. Elimin ation of lead from paint as is done with the new T-1&50 formula should eliminate this staining. However, there is some danger of drier absorption unless an auxiliary drier such as lead or cerium is present. Whilst the staining by manganese is not permanent, it would appear that it might be the cause of complaints especially with paints which have been freshly made. A paint could be quite white in the can but could discolor as soon as it is brushed out, since the catalytic agent, oxygen and light, are always present. GLD37412 -2- It now appears evident that our original trouble with discoloration of white house paint was caused by manganese drier# At the time we were having the most trouble we used D-l*>. It is very difficult to control the metal content of a drier such as D-10 and it is very likely that at times we got much higher manganese content than normal. This would depend on the way the metal was taken up during the cook# The use of naphthenate drier affords much better control over the metal content but our tests have indicated that only a very small percentage of manganese in the presence of lead will produce discoloration.. It appears that aging of the paint counteracts this trouble to some extent but the best solution obviously is to formulate paint in such a way that drier discoloration is impossible# As mention ed before, the staining due to cobalt is much weaker than with manganese and very likely a suitable combination of cobalt with lead or cerium would eliminate drier staining in our white paints. Our experiments indicate that it does not matter in what form the manganese is present, that is, whether it is present as naphthenate, linoleate, resinate, etc. It is the total metal content that is the important factor. We do not know what is the function of the auxiliary drier such as lead or cerium but it is evident that they play an essential part in the reaction. Color change* is obviously due to oxidation of the manganese to a higher state and in the absence of air the linseed oil appears to reduce this back to the lower state to cause the change of color. The addition of calcium or zinc does not appear to have much in fluence. It was noted that where lead naphthenate was added to linseed oil a white pre cipitate soon showed up which finally settled out to the bottom of the bottle. This was true in all cases where lead was used. Addition of calcium delayed but did not prevent this precipitation. Cerium hag the advantage over lead in that it does not show any precipitation at all. The staining reaction is due to oxidation of the manganese drier in the presence of lead. Linseed oil is not necessary to produce the color change. However, it has been shown that linseed oil in the absence of oxygen can bleach out the color and if the driers are aged in the presence of linseed oil the color change no longer takes place. In other words the color reaction can be initiated and reversed several times but ultimately reaches a stage where discoloration is not produced regardless of how much air is present. We have no explanation for this phenomenon* Staining of the dried film lasts long enough to be objectionable from a customer standpoint. We have not investigated fully but it appears logical to assume that the color would bleach out in sunlight# On the other hand, we do not know what influence drier has on the yellowing of paint in the Absence of light# If other laboratories have studied this problem we would appreciate comments. /NB F. I. STEELE Gloss White Lacquer, TL-5083-D A great number of complaints have been received in the past regarding the dis coloration of our Gloss White Lacquer, TL-S083. The lacquer was turning yellow in the can after being in storage for any length of time. In March 1953 san$>les of the lacquer were set aside with certain additives and stabilizers as follows} GL037413