Document dn3Zd9yr84bVgBb031kwB8Vo6

PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT EVALUATION OF EXPOSURES TO AIRBORNE FIBERS DURING SOLVENT-ASSISTED REMOVAL OF ASPHALTIC CUTBACK ADHESIVE AFTER REMOVAL OF RESILIENT FLOOR TILES USING PROPOSED WORK PRACTICES Prepared for Resilient Floor Covering Institute Rockville, MD Armstrong World Industries, Inc. Lancaster, PA Prepared by ENVIRON Corporation Arlington, VA October 26, 1990 i* CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY n. INTRODUCTION A. Background B. Sample Collection and Analysis HI. RECOMMENDED WORK PRACTICES FOR ADHESIVE REMOVAL IV. REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT V. STUDY DESIGN VL RESULTS VH. CONCLUSIONS APPENDICES A. Proposed Work Practice for Removal of Residual asphaltic Adhesive B. Recommended Work Practices for Removal of . Floor Coverings 1) Resilient Floor Covering Institute (July 1990) 2) Armstrong World Industries (March 1990) Esse 1 3 3 4 7 8 10 12 16 A-l B-l B-2 B-22 -u- ENVIRON I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Removal of asbestos-containing floor tiles or floor tiles installed with asbestos-containing asphaltic cutback adhesives in an occupational setting is subject to the standard set by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for occupational exposure to asbestos in the consuruction industry (29 CFR 1926.58). This standard requires employers to assure that worker exposures to asbestos do not exceed the permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 0.2 fibers per cubic centimeter (f/cc) of air for an 8-hour time weighted average (TWA) or the excursion limit of 1.0 f/cc averaged over a 30-minute period.1 The OSHA asbestos standard requires initial monitoring of employee exposure at the start of a job to determine whether employee exposure exceeds either the action level (0.1 f/cc for an 8-hour TWA), or the excursion limit (1.0 f/cc over 30 minutes). The standard also provides that, in lieu of initial monitoring, an employer may rely upon objective or historical data, conducted under substantially similar workplace conditions, to demonstrate that the action level and excursion limit are not exceeded. In a previous study,12 ENVIRON had shown that adhesive removal with a method involving wetted sand would meet the OSHA standards and OSHA agreed that such data could be used as historical data in lieu of conducting initial monitoring to satisfy foe monitoring requirements of the OSHA standard (29 CFR 1926.58(f)(2)(iii for removal of asphaltic cutback adhesive. To determine whether other removal methods would give similar results, ENVIRON Corporation was retained by foe Resilient Floor Covering Institute (RFCI) and Armstrong World Industries, Inc. (Armstrong) to design and carry out a study of worker exposures to airborne asbestos during solvent-assisted removal of asphaltic cutback adhesives ("mastic") pursuant to work practices developed by foe sponsors (see Appendix A) for later incorporation into publications that contain Recommended Work Practices (see Appendix B). 1 OSHA has recently proposed to lower foe PEL to 0.1 f/cc (55 FR 140:29720, July 20, 1990). 2 ENVIRON Corporation. 1990. Evaluation of worker exposure to airborne fibers during the removal of asphaltic cutback adhesive using Recommended Work Prrctices. Report prepared for foe Resilient Floor Covering Institute and Armstrong World Industries, Inc. Arlington, VA: ENVIRON. March 30. -1- ENVIRON Removal of the mastic utilized Freedom3 Speed Stripper, a chemical solvent mixture from S. C. Johnson &. Son, Inc. (Johnson), which enhanced the mastic removal process, and a low-speed floor machine equipped with a coarse (black) pad. This report presents an analysis of fiber exposures to floor mechanics during the solvent-assisted removal of mastic pursuant to the sponsors' proposed work practices. The highest observed TWA (assuming no background concentration), as determined by phase-contrast microscopy (PCM), was 0.0358 f/cc, which is less than 36% of the OSHA action level. The observed excursion level was iess than 0.0322 flee, which is iess dan 4% of the OSHA excursion limit concentration. Based on the uniformly low occupational exposure levels, no additional solvent-assisted mastic removal studies were deemed necessary at this time. This study shows that the action level and excursion limit for exposure to asbestos fibers are not exceeded when performing mastic removal activities with Freedom Speed Stripper ami a rotary floor machine in accordance with the proposed work practices. Consequently, removal of asphaltic cutback floor die adhesives using Freedom Speed Stripper and a rotary floor machine should enjoy the same exemption from initial monitoring as do other approved methods, when performed in accordance with Recommended Work Practices. 3 Freedom" is a registered trademark of S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. H. INTRODUCTION A. Background In the past, many types of resilient tile floors were installed with asbestos-containing asphaltic cutback adhesives. These adhesives or "mastic" were an oleo-resmous with plastic/flexible properties. Before the use of asbestos in mastic was phased out, focse adhesrves typically contained 5 to 20% asbestos fibers. Such adhesives, although no longer manufactured, are still found in homes, institutions, and commercial or industrial establishments According to floor covering manufacturers, the asbestos used in asphaltic cutback adhesives was predominantly short-fiber cbrysodle asbestos. Therefore, any asbestos fibers seen during removal would most likely be chxysotile, and observation of amphibole asbestos fibers could suggest that another source of asbestos might be present. In order to provide a better evaluation of the potential exposure to airborne asbestos and other types of fibers when recommended adhesive removal procedures are followed, the Resilient Floor Covering Institute and Armstrong World Industries, Inc. requested ENVIRON Corporation to design and conduct a scientifically valid study of exposures to fibers during the removal of asbestos-containing asphaltic cutback adhesives. In March 1990, ENVIRON issued an initial report4 that showed low worker exposures during adhesive removal with a sand/water mixture and a floor machine equipped with a floor plate attachment The sponsors have continued work to develop efficient and effective methods for adhesive removal that also result in low fiber exposures, and requested ENVIRON to evaluate a second method involving a floor stripping solution and a low-speed rotary floor machine equipped with a coarse pad. This document reports the results of that evaluation. When new flooring-is installed, removal of an existing resilient floor covering may be necessary. The flooring industry has developed Recommended Work Practices for removing resilient floor tiles, resilient sheet flooring, and flooring adhesives (Appendix B). These Recommended Work Practices, which recognize that these materials may contain asbestos, advise that floor tile removal, followed by the removal of any underlying asphaltic cutback 4 ENVIRON Corporation. 1990. Evaluation of worker exposure to airborne fibers during the removal of asphaltic cutback adhesive using Recommended Work Practices. Report prepared for the Resilient Floor Covering Institute and Armstrong World Industries, Inc. Arlington, VA: ENVIRON. March 30. -3- ENVIRON adhesive, should be conducted only if new flooring cannot be installed directly on top of the existing floor. They also specifically recommend against empioying certain aggressive removal techniques, which are no more effective than the recommended techniques, but cany a greater potential for generation of asbestos-containing dust. When removal is necessary, the recommendations regarding the degree of adhesive removal necessary depend on the nature of the new floor to be installed. The floor mechanics who remove the adhesive are potentially exposed to airborne asbestos fibers during the removal process. Consequently, tire removal process in an occupational setting is subject to the regulations of die Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) feat limit employee exposures to airborne asbestos. OSHA has issued two standards regulating occupational exposures to asbestos, one for general industry (29 CFR 1910.1001) and one specifically for fee construction industry (29 CFR 1926.58). B. Sample Collection and Analysis ENVIRON has designed and conducted experiments on the removal of asbestos- containing asphaltic cutback adhesives according to the proposed work practices with usage guidelines for enhanced adhesive removal. Industrial Health Incorporated (IHI) was engaged by ENVIRON to conduct all air monitoring. Air sampling was performed prior to and during each removal operation to monitor fee concentration of airborne asbestos fibers. Five types of air samples were collected during asphaltic cutback adhesive removals: overnight baseline samples in the work area prior to removal; perimeter samples outside of the work area during removal; personal samples on each of two workers during removal; personal samples on one individual acting as a supervisor or observer, who spent a significant amount of time in the immediate work area, although she was generally not directly involved in the actual removal; and one 30-minute personal sample collected on a worker. All area samples were collected by setting the sampling apparatus in a stationary location. Filters were held on stands placed at random locations in the room. Personal air sampling monitors were attached to each worker or observer with the filter located within the vA ENVIRON individual's brtathmg zone, as defined by OSHA. In each case, two samples were collected side-by-side for analysis by phase contrast microscopy (PCM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). All air samples intended for PCM analysis were collected in accordance with NIOSH Method 7400. Samples were collected on Millipore 25 nun diameter, 0.8 um pore size, mixed cellulose ester membrane filters in cassettes with conductive cowls. Samples intended for TEM analysis were collected in accordance with EPA's Interim Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis Method. These samples were collected on Millipore 25 mm diameter, 0.45 Mm pore size, mixed cellulose ester fiber filters with 0.8 Mm backup filters in cassettes with conductive cowls. All samples were collected using cassettes in the open-face configuration. Further details concerning the sampling procedures followed by HU are provided in a companion volume.3 Four separate bulk samples of foe adhesive material were taken for Polarized Light. Microscopy (PLM) analysis. Analysis of foe samples was made using a polarizing light microscope and dispersion staining objective in accordance with guidelines set forth in the EPA Interim Method for the Determination of Asbestos in Bulk Insulation Samples (40 CFR, Part 763, Subpart F, Appendix A - 7-1-87 Edition). All air monitoring samples were shipped by Federal Express to RJ Lee Group, Inc. (RJ Lee) for independent laboratory analysis. Blank filters were submitted to foe analytical laboratory for analysis with foe samples. For PCM analysis, one hundred fields were counted at a magnification of 400X following the rules outlined in NIOSH Method 7400. The method requires that 100 fields be counted unless fiber counts are sufficiently high to provide adequate reliability with fewer fields. A minimum of 20 fields must be counted under any circumstances. All fibers or fiberiike particles measuring at least 5 Mm in length and having a 3-to-l length-to-width aspect ratio were counted. For TEM analysis, if necessary, samples were analyzed using proposed EPA Level n analysis. The analysis for asbestos fibers consists of fiber morphology, visual selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and elemental chemical analysis by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), supplemented by foe measurement and interpretation of micrographs of several SAED patterns. The samples are analyzed at a magnification of 20000X. Particles longer than 5 Mm meeting the definition of a fiber length-to-width aspect ratio of greater than 3-to-l and having substantially parallel5 .& 5 ENVIRON Corporation. 1990. Supporting data for evaluation of exposures to airborne fibers during solvent-assisted removal of asphaltic cutback adhesive. Arlington, VA: ENVIRON. October 26. -5- ENVIRON sides are classified as cbrysotile or amphibole following definitions developed by Yamatc6. Structures containing such asbestos fibers are classified in conformance with the definitions in ^ the EPA Interim Method. 6 Yamatc, G., S.C. Agarwal, and R.D. Gibbons. Methodology for the Measurement of Airborne Asbestos Fibers by Electron Microscopy. EPA Contract No. 68-02-3266. 6* ENVIRON m. RECOMMENDED WORK PRACTICES FOR ADHESIVE REMOVAL According to recommendations by the floor manufacturers, existing resilient tile floors should be left in place, whenever possible, and the new floor adhered directly to the tile following the manufacturer's directions. In the event the existing tile must be removed, RFCI and Armstrong have developed work pra2ctices for controlling asbestos exposures potentially resulting from the removal of underlying asphaltic cutback adhesives that are designed to assure compliance with the OSHA standards governing exposure to asbestos. These Recommended Work Practices (Appendix B), which continue to evolve from earlier recommendations, prohibit sanding or otherwise abrading the adhesive surface, and call for the use of other, less aggressive techniques to facilitate adhesive removal. The work practice studied in this report (Appendix A) evolved from an earlier recommendation to use wetted sand to remove adhesive. The new work practice uses a floor stripping solution with a rotary floor machine equipped with a coarse pad equivalent to 3M pads color-coded black. Both work practices also include instructions on wet scraping by hand to remove the more loosely adhered residual material. Additional exposure protection is provided through advice on practices to follow before and after removal of the asphaltic cutback adhesive. The floor must be vacuumed before and after removal with a High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) wet/dry vacuum cleaner. Both the HEPA vacuum bag and any flow sweepings must be disposed of in a labeled, impermeable trash bag. These practices help to minimize air entrainment of any asbestos or other fibers that may be present on the floor during and after mastic removal.. The floor stripping solution used in the adhesive removal was Freedom Speed Stripper. Johnson recommends that safety goggles and appropriate chemical protective gloves should be worn when handling or using this solvent product, because the ingredients of the solvent mixture could cause irritation to the eyes and hands. Users of the solvent should be aware of the potential hazardous nature of this product. The MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) for the solvent mixture is provided in the companion volume.7 7 ENVIRON Corporation. 1990. Supporting for evaluation of exposures to airborne fibers during solvent-assisted removal of asphaltic cutback adhesive. Arlington, VA: ENVIRON. October 26. -7- ENVIRON IV. REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT In 1972, OSHA promulgated a standard dealing with occupational exposures to asbestos for all industries covered by the Act (Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970). On June 20, 1986 and September 14, 1988, OSHA issued revised standards relating to occupational exposures to asbestos for both general industry (29 CFR 1910.1001) and for the construction industry (29 CFR 1926-58). The 1972 standard established a permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 2 fibers/cc (f/cc) as an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA). The present standards, among other things, reduced the PEL to 0.2 f/cc as an 8-hour TWA and set an excursion limit of 1.0 f/cc average over a 30 minute sampling period. OSHA has also set an action level of 0.1 f/cc calculated as an 8-hour TWA (29 CFR 1926.58(b)). Although the general industry standard is similar, further references will cite the construction standard only, because removal of asbestos-containing asphaltic cutback adhesives is classified as a construction activity according to OSHA. The standard for the construction industry requires that each employer who has a workplace or work operation covered by die standard must, with certain exceptions described below, perform initial monitoring to determine the airborne concentrations of asbestos to which employees may be exposed (29 CFR 1926.58(f)(2)(i)). When the action level of 0.1 f/cc or the excursion limit of 1.0 f/cc is exceeded, the employer must continue to perform initial monitoring at the initiation of subsequent new asbestos jobs. Employee training, and under certain circumstances, medical surveillance ate also required when exposures exceed the action level. When the PEL of 0.2 f/cc is exceeded, the employer must establish a demarcated, regulated area to which access is limited to authorized persons supplied with respirators (29 CFR 1926.58(e)). Certain additional conditions also apply to a regulated area. When the results of continued periodic monitoring reveal that employee exposures, by statistically reliable measurements, are below the action level and the excursion limit, initial monitoring of continued activities may be discontinued (29 CFR 1926.58(f)(4)). OSHA provided two exceptions to the requirement for initial monitoring: where objective data demonstrate that employee exposures are below the action level and excursion limit (29 CFR 1926.58(f)(2)(ii); or -8- ENVIRON where the employer has historical monitoring data to rely upon in lieu of initial monitoring (29 CFR 1926.58(f)(2)(iii). The regulation states, in pertinent part (29 CFR 1926.58(f)(2)): (2) laical Monitoring: (QEach employer who has a workplace or work operation covered by this standard, except as provided for in paragraphs (f)(2)(ii) and (f)(2)(iii) of this section, shall perform initial monitoring at the initiation of each asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, or actmolite job to accurately determine the airborne concentrations of asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, or actmolite to which employees may be exposed. (ii) The employer may demonstrate that employee exposures are below that action level and/or excursion limit by means of objective data demonstrating that the product or material containing asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, actmolite, or a combination of these minerals cannot release airborne fibers in concentrations exceeding the action level and/or excursion limit under those work conditions having the greatest potential for releasing asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, or actmolite. (iii) Wbere the employer has monitored each asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, or actmolite job for the TWA, and wbere he has monitored after March 14, 1988, for the excursion limit, and the data were obtained during work operations conducted under workplace conditions closely resembling the processes, type of material, control methods, work practices, and environmental conditions used and prevailing in the employer's current operations, the employer may rely on such earlier monitoring results to satisfy the requirements of paragraph (f)(2)(i) of this section. OSHA did cot provide a specific definition for such exceptions in its 1986 regulations. However, OSHA has recently determined* that a previous ENVIRON study9 evaluating exposure to airborne fibers during resilient floor tile removal did provide historical data. Data presented in this study of asphaltic cutback adhesive removal were collected in much the same manner as in the previous study. * Letter from Thomas J. Shepich, OSHA, to William B. King, Armstrong, dated October 27, 1989; letter from Thomas J. Shepich, OSHA, to Walter D. Anderson, RFCI, dated February 6, 1990. 9ENVIRON Corporation. 1989. Evaluation of Worker Exposure to Airborne Fibers During Removal of Resilient Floor Tiles Using Recommended Work Practices. April 3. -9- ENVIRON V. STUDY DESIGN On May 23 and 24, 1990, an asphaltic cutback adhesive removal study was conducted at the Mouotville Church of the Brethren in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. The removal activity occurred in the main floor classroom of the church where floor tile removal had occurred the previous day. The room had contained white and green, 9* square tiles, identified as having been manufactured by Armstrong, that were secured with asphaltic cutback adhesive. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency and safety of solvent-assisted removal of asbestos-containing asphaltic cutback adhesive. Adhesive removal was to be performed in accordance with the proposed work practices. Freedom Speed Stripper solvent was applied to the adhesive residue and then the adhesive was removed, first with a sdffbladed floor scraper and then with a low-speed (approximately 220 rpm) floor machine equipped with a coarse black pad. The work area was initially prepared on May 22nd for a resilient floor tile removal study by removing all materials and furniture within die study area. All work areas were thoroughly cleaned by wet mopping and HEPA vacuuming before the resilient floor tile removal operation. After the completion of the resilient floor die removal and prior to this asphaltic cutback adhesive removal study the floor was cleaned again, in order to minimize any sources of ambient asbestos; however, the subfloor was not specially prepared and was typical of subflooring prior to adhesive removal. Pre-work baseline samples were set up in the middle of the work area and allowed to run overnight on the night following floor tile removal and prior to the initiation of adhesive removal. Worker exposures during removal were monitored by placing personal samplers on the two workers. Two companion samplers were placed on each worker, one with a filter designed for PCM analysis and one designed for TEM analysis. An observer was similarly equipped with companion samplers. The sampling protocol for monitoring asphaltic cutback adhesive removal called for analysis of the PCM filter in all cases, but analysis of the TEM filter was not required unless the PCM results exceeded the OSHA criteria (0.1 f/cc for 8-hr TWA; 1.0 f/cc for 30-min excursion sample). Because occupational exposures are regulated by OSHA according to PCM results, the TEM measurements are not directly relevanu However, in adhesive removals of this type, wjiere non-asbestos fiber sources can be present, an elevated PCM reading is not necessarily indicative of elevated exposures to asbestos. The -10- ENVIRON 0 companion personal TEM samples were reserved only to determine whether any elevated * PCM count observed was truly due to asbestos. In order to ascertain whether other sources of fibers were present in the study area, a pair of overnight area samples was collected prior to any removal activities. A pair of perimeter area samples was collected just outside die work area concurrent with the removal activity to assay for potential fiber sources near the study area. Since no outside source of asbestos was suspected (e.g., nearby demolition activity), no outside samples woe collected concurrent with the removal aedvity. Again, the companion TEM area samples were to be analyzed only if the PCM readings were found to be elevated. -11- EN VIRON VI. RESULTS Fibers of asbestos and many other natural and man-made materials are found in virtually every type of environment, including sanctum where asphaltic cutback adhesives might be removed. Many of these fibers wouid qualify for inclusion under the geometric counting rules of the OSHA standard, independent of their composition or origin. These fibers are not attributable to adhesive removal activities and should not be counted against compliance with die action level. Therefore, acquisition of background concentration data on qualifying fibers is necessary for interpreting the exposure results in adhesive removal operations. In this study, one background concentration available was obtained from the pre-work baseline sample, which was taken prior to the adhesive removal operation and analyzed via PCM. The fiber levels observed in this baseline sample exceeded the PCM analytical sensitivity (limit of detection) and may have been influenced by the fact that tile removal activities had occurred in the same room the previous day. Given that adhesive removals would typically follow tile removals, adjustment of observed fiber levels by subtracting baseline measurements may not be appropriate. A more conservative calculation of net concentration in exposure samples can be obtained by assuming that the baseline concentration is 0.0 f/cc rather than the observed value. This provides a calculated net concentration that will be a maximum value. Results under both assumptions are included in this report. Some of the filters used in the personal monitors are made of materials that can be contaminated with asbestos fibers as well as other fibrous material prior to use. Such contamination should also not be attributable to adhesive removal activities and should not be counted against the action level. Therefore, a blank filter, which was not exposed to the work environment, was analyzed for fiber counts. No contamination of this filter was ~ observed. To assure the relevance of the tests, the asbestos content of the adhesive was also determined by polarized light microscopy (PLM) analysis of bulk samples. Because this determination is very sensitive to the method of sample preparation, two laboratories, RJ Lee and Dixon Information, Inc. (Dixon), were asked to analyze mastic samples. RJ Lee also provided both ENVIRON and EHI with PCM fiber counting results. For PCM analysis, concentrations reported in fibers per square millimeter (f/mm2) detected on the sample filters were convened to airborne fibers per cubic centimeter (f/cc) using the following relationship: -12- ENVIRON <UY 4',)^ C* (f/cc) C* (f/mnr) Filter Area (mm2) / Air Volume Sampled (cc) (1) C* is the concentration of airborne fibers and C& is the concentration of fibers analyzed on the sample filter. The total surface area of the sample fibers is 491 nut1; however, 106 mm2 of this area is shielded by the sampling cassette and cowling. Thus, 385 mm? of surface area were available for analysis. Sample volumes were reported by HI in liters and were converted to cubic centimeters. The net PCM concentration is then obtained by subtracting the baseline concentration. For PLM analysis, results were reported as the percentage of. asbestos and non-asbestos fibers (RJ Lee and Dixon data are in the companion volume10). An air sampling report prepared by IHL covering the site description and a detailed presentation of the sampling procedures and findings, and analytical results of die fiber analyses conducted by R. J. Lee and results for bulk tile sample analysis by Dixon are provided in the companion report. Floor mechanics typically do not spend a full 8-hour shift at a job site but instead spend some of their time emoute from and back to their home shop. Therefore, a final timeweighted averaging adjustment is necessary to account for the fact that the adhesive removal activities and the corresponding monitoring do not always extend over a full 8-hour workday. The TWA was calculated by assuming that all unsampled time, including lunch breaks away from the work area and transit time, would involve no work-related exposure to asbestos. Consequently, the TWA concentrations in this study are lower than the net concentrations by a factor of T/480, where T is the actual sampling time in minutes and 480 is the number of minutes in an 8-hour workday. If the mechanics should remain on-site to do additional work, such as installing a new floor in a small area, some residual fibers could remain in the air and exposure would be higher than the TWA as calculated but lower than the level measured over the actual removal period. Without exception, ail of the concentrations of airborne fibers experienced by the workers and observer, whether or not adjusted for TWA, are far below the OSHA criteria (0.1 f/cc as an 8-hr TWA; 1.0 f/cc as a 30-min Excursion Limit) by PCM analysis, even when assuming that the background concentration was 0.0 f/cc. Although the monitoring protocol did not require TEM analyses under such conditions, one companion sample was analyzed by TEM. 10 ENVIRON Corporation. 1990. Supporting data for evaluation of exposures to airborne fibers aunng solvent-assisted removal of asphaltic cutback adhesive. Arlington, VA: ENVIRON. October 26. -13- ENVIRON Some structures containing short chrysotile fibers were observed (see companion volume11), but no structures containing chrysotile fibers longer than 5 pm were observed. Ibis finding implies that some of the fibers counted by PCM were not asbestos. The highest observed TWA by PCM analysis was 0.0358 f/cc, less than 36% of die OSHA action level, when assuming zero baseline concentration. The results for worker exposures in this study are summarized in Table 1. Due to the small number of samples, no statistical analysis was performed on these results. A sample was taken specifically to examine short-term worker and observer exposures. The observed excursion level was less than the detection limit of 0.0322 f/cc, which is less than 4% of the excursion limit of 1.0 f/cc averaged over a 30-minute period. It should be noted that the sample concentration reported by RJ Lee for the excursion sample was below the analytical sensitivity of 7 f/mm2. Sample data are presented in Table 1. 11 ENVIRON Corporation. 1990. Supporting data for evaluation of exposures to airborne fibers during solvent-assisted removal of asphaltic cutback adhesive. ArIington VA' ENVIRON. October 26. -14- EN VIRON TABLE 1 Adpmted Personal Monitoring Results for Worker cad Observer Exponas Dariag Solvent-Assisted Removal of Asphalt Cutback Adhesive Pnranrtf to Industry Recommended Work Practical Snapia . T^rpa Nat PCM Cmwitntinn Woo) 8-Hocr TWA (f/oc) Bawitiiaadifiriia nteat lataffln.ia-tatiarc agmic BnaiisB Worker #1 Woskar #2 Observer Excurskm 0.0162 0.0209 0.0219 0.0261 0.0235 <0.0159* N/A* N/A* 0.0179 0.0221 0.0200 N/A* Rawits amanc ihsttbe btadiae concentration is 0.0 f/cc Basalum Worker#! Worker #2 Observer Excrtmou 0.0 Ojoni 0.0311 0.0423 0.0397 <0.0322* N/A* N/A* 04B12 0.0358 0.0338 N/A* Notes: * Bulk sanplaa lakan of the asphalt catback adhesive were assayed at 10-15% chtyaotile asbestos. PCM annual both aibntoc cad aoa-tshnma Gben greater than 5 ma in length, 0.25 nm m width, and with a 3-to-l aspect nuio. saiopln wen taken overnight, prior to the removal activity. Perimeter samples wen taken in an ana adjacent to the study area. Activities performed by workers #1 and #2 an similar m scope sod airborne exposures should be comparable. The observer wae geanatty in the room throughout the removal activity tad may have perticipsird m same removal activities, although to a lesser degree than foe worker*. Firaireoa level was determined for s 30-minute exposure period during the removal activity. The sample coanentrarioo reported by RJ Lee was below foe analytical sensitivity of 7 f/mnr. Theee data an not applicable for these samples. -15- ENVIRON vn. CONCLUSIONS Based on this analysis of results for exposures to asbestos and other fibers during removal of asphalt cutback adhesive using a solvent-assisted wet removal technique, ENVIRON concludes that exposures to fibers experienced by workers conducting asphalt cutback adhesive removal according to the proposed work practices did not exceed the OSHA action level or excursion limit for the asbestos construction standard for protection of workers (29 CFR 1926.58). The 8-hour TWA concentration was less than 36% of the OSHA action level when conservatively assntning that no ambient background fiber levels were present. Accounting for the observed baseline concentration gives a maximum TWA concentration that is less than 22% of the OSHA action limit. An analysis of one worker TEM sample detected no qualifying asbestos fibers (Le., greater than 5 tim long). The observed excursion level was found to be less than 4% of the OSHA excursion limit This study shows that the action level and excursion limit for exposure to asbestos fibers were not exceeded when performing solvent-assisted adhesive removal in accordance with the Recommended Work Practices. Consequently, removal of asphaltic cutback floor tile adhesive with Freedom Speed Stripper and a floor machine should enjoy the same exemption from initial monitoring as do other approved methods, when performed in accordance with Recommended Work Practices. As noted by Johnson, the ingredients in Freedom Speed Stripper have the potential to cause minor eye and hand irritation in the absence of proper protective equipment. slb\>nnstron\01-1494a.zu2 -16- ENV IRON APPENDICES APPENDIX A Proposed Work Practice for Removal of Residual Asphaltic Adhesive A-l Exhibit 1 Training Outline PROPOSED WORK PRACTICE FOR REMOVAL OF RESIDUAL ASPHALTIC ADHESIVE MATERIALS: Broad stiff-bladed wall or floor scrapers, a 4 inch wide blade with handle is recommended Floor machine fitted with a 3M black floor pad (or equivalent) Removal Solution: S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. (Johnson) Freedom* Speed Stripper mixed 1:1 with water Wet-dry tank type vacuum cleaner equipped with a High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filter and disposable dust bag Heavy-duty polyethylene bags at least 6 mils thick, tape or ties and labels ("Caution--contains asbestos. Avoid creating dust. Breathing asbestos may cause bodily harm. Dispose in an approved landfill only." Slip-resistant shoes or rubber boots Rubber gloves Safety glasses or goggles Ground fault circuit interrupter for electrical connection of the HEPA vacuum and any other electrical connections required Armstrong or RFCI "Recommended Work Practices for Resilient Floor Coverings" Garden sprayer, sprinkling can or mop * Freedom is a trademark of Johnson Wax. WET SCRAPING ADHESIVE: (with the tile flooring completely removed) 1. Start in the comer of the room fartherest from the entrance door and moisten an area of the adhesive approximately 3' x 10' with equal parts of water mixed with Freedom Speed Stripper (to aid in wetting the adhesive.) Place the removal solution on the residual adhesive and allow to soak 5-10 minutes. Wet scrape with a -Jiff-blade wall floor scraper removing ridges and any loose adhesive. 2. Place loosened adhesive residues inco a heavy duty impermeable trash bag, or ocher impermeable container and seal with ties, tape or scring and label "Caution - contains asbestos. Avoid creating dust. Breaching asbestos may cause bodily harm. Dispose in an approved landfill only". 3. Wet vacuum standing water with KEPA wet/dry vacuum. 4. Continue steps 1 through 3 until entire area is vet scraped. FLOOR MACHINE REMOVAL OF ADHESIVE: 1. Start in the corner of the room farcherest from the entrance door. Put the removal solution onto the residual adhesive with a garden sprayer or mop over a S' x 6' area. Put enough solution on to insure that the area is thoroughly wet. Allow the area to soak for 5-10 minutes. Remove the adhesive using a floor machine equipped wcih a 3M black floor pad (or equivalent.) The subfloor must be .continuously Ism .V. 2. Occasionally push away the adhesive slurry from the subfloor wich a vail or floor scraper to check for complete removal. Continue to use Che floor machine in the same area until the concrete subfloor is cleaned to the desire degree. (This depends on what material will be reinstalled, and therefore based on the flooring manufacturers recommendations.) 3. Adhesive around the edge of the room and areas that were missed or difficult to reach with the machine can be removed with a hand held piece of the black floor pad. 4. Wet HEPA vacuum the adhesive slurry. When the HEPA vacuum is full place a commercially suitable water absorbent into the HEPA container until the adhesive slurry is absorbed. Place adhesive waste from the HEPA vacuum inco heavy duty impermeable bags and seal with ties or tape, and label "Caution - contains asbestos. Avoid creating dust. Breaching asbestos may cause bodily harm. Dispose in an approved landfill only". 5. Rinse area with clear, clean water using a garden sprayer, sprinkling can or mop. 6. Wet vacuum standing water with HEPA wet/dry vacuum. 7. Continue steps 1 through 7 until the entire room is complete. 8. Allow subfloor to dry and vacuum with a HEPA vacuum. Appendix B LIST OF SUNDRY ITEMS FOR ADHESIVE REMOVAL PROJECT PLAN Adhesive Removal Equipage Broad sCiff-bladed wall or floor scrapers Floor machine ficced with a 3M black floor pad <or equivalent^ Removal Solution: S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. (Johnson) Freedom Speed Stripper mixed 1:1 with water Wet-dry tank type vacuum cleaner with HEPA filter and disposable dust bag Ground fault circuit interrupter SO* Extension cord Garden sprayer, sprinkling can or mop * Freedom is a trademark of Johnson Wax. Personal Protective Equipment Safety glasses or goggles Rubber gloves Slip-resistant shoes or boots Monitoring Equipment Personnel and environmental pumps Cartridges and sample, tubes Chain of custody forms Data sheets Bulk collection containers Mlss.sllan3q.vs Duct cape Heavy polyethylene bags Asbestos warning labels Camera Videotaping equipment APPENDIX B Recommended Work Practices for Removal of Resilient Floor Coverings B-I Resilient Floor Covering Institute {July 1990) B-2 Armstrong World Industries, Inc. (March 1990) B-2 B-22 v \ B-l APPENDIX B-1 Recommended Work Practices for Removal of Floor Tiles Resilient Floor Covering Institute (February 1990) B-2 (FKHT QOVDU MPMCBED WCHC PBAgrrrrs w THE ROCVAL or RKH.TFHT FLOCK OOWgnjrs HAWING Do Noe Sand, Dry Scrape, BaadbUse or Mechanically Pulverise QcLscing Resilient Flooring, Backing, Or Lining Fait. These Produces May Coneain Asbestos Fibers That Are Noe Readily Ideneiftable. Using The Above Non-rccorapcnded Procedures On Asoescos-cancaixiing nateruu. Can Create Asbestos Duse. The Inhalation Of Asbestos Ouse May Cause Asbeseosis Or Oeher Serious Bodily Kara. Sacking Gready Increases The Risk Of Serious Bodily Hera. NOTICE Various federal, state and Local government agendas have regulations covering the removal of asbestoscontaining material. If you are considering the removal of resiLlent floor covering that contains, or is assured to contain, asbestos, you shcxtld determine if these regulations apply. The TFCl recommended ork practices are designed to comply vich ' t.ne federal occupational asbestos permissible e:ssure limits. This nublicatior. replaces prior editions of these ;.'or`.< practices. Future editions of these work practices nay be issued to replace this publication. Issued by Resilient' Floor Covering Inscieute 966 Hingerford Drive Suite 12-B Rockville, M> 20850 (301) 340-8580 RBOOtCMDGD WORK PRACTICES FOR RESILIENT FLOOR COVERINGS CONTENTS Introduction Reoaaaandad Work Practices Preparation of Floors General Information Slteec Vinyl Floor Covering General Information and Preparation Special Precautions Conplece Removal, Peripheral Conplece Removal, Lhadhered Conplece Removal, Adhered Complete Removal, Underlaymenc Resilient Tile Floor Covering General Information Conplece Removal of Existing Resilient Tile Floor Coverir. Conplece Removal Tile and Underlaymenc Preparation of Adhesive Coated Subfloors ocoRXMrr rNPOMAXKM FCR ZK51A1UESS OF RESILIENT FLOOR COVERINGS Intmduecloo Tig ..ember companies of Che ResiLienc Floor Covering Inscicuce are .".muf.iccurers of Che following forms of Hesilienc Floor Coverings: 1. Sheet VinyL 2. Vinyl Floor Tile '.."nils today these produces do not concain asbestos, ic is possible chat ir the past some of chese products including asphalt tile, `may hav< contained firmly-encapsulated asoesco: fibers. In the past decade rauci accar.cion has been focused on ch relationship between exposure e< asbestos fibers and respirator ailments. Ic has been determined cha inhalation of free airborne asbesco fibers may be injurious co health ! bwarver, the asbestos fibers containe in the above types of resilient floe coverings are noC free but firmL encapsulated or locked in Che produc during the manufacturing process Asbestos contained therein will nc become airborne during Che lifetime c the product when these products are us and Maintained as reccmended by clranufaccurer. The Resilient FLoor Coverir Institute is providing this booklet c recommended work practices fc installing or removing resilienc floor so chat you may . proceed with this wor In a prudent and protected manner. -2' There are several general ruLes to follow: 1. Unless absolutely positive beyond any doubt chac Che floor is a nonas'oescos oroduct, assure ic concains asbescos and crric ic in che . anner prescribed' in this ^arnnnlec for a floor containing asbescos. 2. It is ^referred co inscall a new floor over a floor which contains asbescos rather chan co remove chat fLoer. This can be done by several methods--direccly over the existing floor; installing new underlaymenc; or use of Leveling compounds following installation procedures recommended by che floor covering manufacturer. 3. removal should be considered che iasc alcemactva. Never sand any resilienc floor or ics backing co remove chem from che floor (See Warning). 5. Use a vacuum equioped wich a HEPA. filter, disposable dusc hag, and mecal floor cool (no brush). 6. All sheet removal must be done using deterpenc solution. 7. Ail felc scraoing must be done -.-et. B. Do noc dry sveeo. 9. Material removed must be oiaced ir. heavy-duty polyethylene bags at least (> mils thick, prooerly labeled and disposed of in an authorized landfill. -3- RGCZMCNDED WORK PRACTICES PREPARATION OF FLOORS WITH OdSITNC RESILIENT FLOOR COVERINGS TO . RECEIVE NEW RESILIFNT FLOOR COVERINGS Follow che inscallacion instructic: nubLLshed hv che manufacturer of che n< floor covering when a new restlier sheec or cile 'floor covering is co i installed on a surface presently covert wich a resilienc floor covering. The: instructions will ceiL you whae muse clone co che existing surface before c` new resilienc fLoor covering can installed. Of che four general procedures list below, Items la, b, and c are covered manufacturers1 instructions. Item 2 covered specifically in this '..'c Practices :ianual.* 1. Resilient Floor Covering Inscall O/er . . . (a) The Existing Surface. Foil the manufaccurer' s instruetic for removing wax, filling ir. L spots, etc. Use wet scrubbtr Never sand an existing resilit floor covering. (.b) New Underlaynent. Insca panels on top of the exist: surface (wood subfloors on: and apply new floor cover: direccly over this. Follow : manufacturer's instructions, (c) Leveling Gcnpounds. Follow manufacturer's instructions. It In case of minor variations, manufacturer's instructions she be fo!Lowed. 2. Carpletely Rarowd Existing Resilient Floor Covering J| () Sheet Vinyl--See instructions below: (1) "Complete Removal of Peripherally Adhered Sheec VinvL floor Coverings," oage 6. ' (2) "Complete Removal of Fully Adhered Sheet Vinyl Floor Covering," nage !i. (b) Tile--See instructions under heading "CorroLete Removal of an Existing Resilient Tile Floor Covering," page 20. SHEET VINYL ,FLOOR COVERING Preparation of Floors With Existing Sheet Vinyl Floor Covering to Receive a New Resilient Floor Covering Sheet vinyl floor covering can be installed over existing resilient sheet vinyl floor covering under certain conditions. Be sure to follow the floor t^erin-t manufacturer's instructions .Swarding the conditions and floor oreoaracion reouired. If complete removal of the existing sheet vinyl floor covering is required, the foLLowing instructions are to be followed: Supplies and Tools (refer Sketch 1.) 1. Broad sciff-biaded wall scraper or floor scraper. 5- 2. Utility or hook knife. 3. Tank type wet/dry HEPA (Higr Efficiency Particulate Air; filter vacuum cleaner with disposable dust hag and metal floor tool (no brush). A. Large size heavy-duc> impermeable trash bags (at leas: 6 mils thick) or closec impermeable containers, wit: ties, tapes, or string to tie shut and tags for labeling. 5. Carden sprayer. 6: - A liquid dishwashing detergent which is stated to contai; anionic, .nonionic, anamphoteric surfactants. Th detergent should he mixed wit. water to make a dilute solutio (16 oa. of detergent in on gallon of warm water).* 7. Pressure sensitive labels. S. Ground fault circuit incerrupte for connection of HEPA vacu. and any other electrica equipment. wrong Sketch l. Tools and supplies for sheec removal. ''PRECAUTION: Resilienc flooring become slippery when wet with a decergen solution. Use caution to contain ch solution in the iemediace work are. Standing on a new sheet of plywood non-slip surtace while working recommended. WNDC Skecch 2. Never dry scrape adhered areas of floor covering WARNING Speech 2. ever ssrti in existinq finer covering ?.nc' -ever scr.r ~r r ry ?crr.'v2 resirruaL felt WARNING Skecch 4. '.ash hands before earing ano ac che end of che work day COMPLETE REMOVAL OF PERIPHERALLY ADHERED SHEET VINYL FLOOR OCVERINC A. Preparation 1. Move all anpliances and furniture frnn che 'Jork area. 2. kenove all binding scrips or ocher restrictive molding from doorways, walls, ecc. 3. Mix a detergent solucion (16 ounces of che specified liruid decergenc [See page 5, ^] co 1 gal Lon of warn -water) and pour inco a garden sprayer., 4. Clean che entire floor using a wet/dry vacuus clearer equipped with a 3.PA filtration System and necaL floor attachment (no brush). Do (toe Sweep. ELECTRICAL SHOCK tKtfRTEXISXS. USE A CROUND FAULT CIRCUIT INIBRRUFlfcK Ft ANY ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS IN A WE ENVOOMNT. . 2. Make a cut in che adhered floe covering 4 to 8 Inches wide parallel wich che walls, around :r. pertmecer of die rocr.. C. Starting on aicher side of ch entrance door, pry up die comer c Che first scrip, separating ch backing layer. As che strip L being removed, a constant nisc c che detergent solucion .-.use b sprayed into che deiaminacion r.i point co minimize any airborne chis particles.* Mien done properLy, ar felt remaining an the floor and c tha back of che scrip will b dioroughlv wee. The scrip is peels by pulling upward at an angle tha permits che best separation or : rolling around a core. D. Roll che scrip cighcly as it : removed. Tie or cane securely ar place in a heavy-duty LnnemearM trash bag or closed ir.iperv.eaj. container for disposal. E. It nay be necessary co remove a second scrip following steps (3, !;) if the unadhered subfloor arlias not been exposed. PRECAUTION: Resilient flooring becc;.. slippery when wet with a deterge solucion. Mse, caution co contain : soLucton in the immediate wor* are Standing on a new sheec of plywood non-slip surtace uniie working recomenced. F. Remove ell of che exposed residual feic by wet scraping before proceeding. RESIDUAL FELT MUST BE ROWED BY WET SCRAPING; 00 NOT SAND OR DRY SCRAPE IN ANY WAY; DO NOT DRY SWEEP; AVOID CREATING DUETT. SEE WARNING STATEMKT. Wet Scraping Residual Felt 1. Thomu^hLy bet the residual fair with ere deterrent solution and ? Llow a few minutes to soak. 2. Stand on che remaining floor covering (not d'e felt) and use the scff-bladad stracer or a floor sernoar with a replaceable binca to remove the "ec felt. WARNING Never send or dry scrape residual felt. See Warning Statement. 3. r<e-wec the foir if the solution has rot completely penetrated, if drying occurs or if'dry feic is exposed during scraping. Scraps all felt from this floor area before orocaedir.g further. Pick vrs the scmoir.gs as they are reroved f roc. cm f'.riv.* .me' -ilncc in a neavy-c'uty Lr.rernesble trash ha- or closed impermeable container. PRECAUTION: Wet residual felt as above but do roc excessively soak or flood wood floors with detergent solution. Excessive vseer can damage wood floors to che extent that new underlayment could be reauired. A floor due .been wet scraped .'.use be allowed dry thoroughly before new resiLie flooring is installed. Continue around Che room connect rtrovinp, the adhered flooring ale che peru/acer, one scrip ac a :i following steps i) thrnuch F. Jo n remove die flooring in die encranc doorway until all ocher flooring `>3 ir. to,.-.nlecely removed. i!. .place aLl flooring scrips and fe scrapings immediately while wee in die recaimended crash bags. CLo full bags tightly and seal securs for disposal. Identify with a Lab* stating, "Caution--Concair Asbestos. Avoid opening or breakit bag or container. . breathir asbestos may cause serious bodil harm. Dispose of in an annrov* landfill only."* I. Vacuum up any residue of wet fe`. scrapings L.i.Bdiacely wicn a wee/c: vacuum equipped widi .i )JI?A fiLcer NOTICE Various federal, state, or Loca governmental agencies have reguLacior covering che disposal of asoescos containing material. If you ar considering tine removal and disposal o: resilient 'floor covering Chat contain; or is assumed to contain asbestos, you should determine if these regulations aonly. The F.FCI recommended *ofr practices are' designed to comply vat: the federal occupational asbesco oerrissible exposure limits. and metal floor attachment 'no brush). J. P.enove che unadhered fLooring as detailed In che following seeps. CCmE1E REMOVAL OF SHEET VINYL FLOORING IN UNADHERED AREAS AND FLOORING INSTALLED loose laid (wrncur adhesive) A. Pre;>?r2Cion o :bve dll anoliances and furniture from che -.or't area, o ''anove all bindin- serins or ocher restrictive -eldin': rrrr doorways, walls, etc. o ?m*wre a detergent solution (16 ounces of che specified liquid detergent (See oa^e 5] to 1 -nilon of warm waccr) anc'. 'xour into a "arden snrayer. o Clean che entire floor 'ith a vet/dry vacuir; eruimec '/ich a -TP* Filers Cion Svscem and mecal floor accacTienc (no brush). Do Not Sweep. Scare ac che end of che room farchesc from cne one ranee doepeay and cue a serin - eo 5 Incnes wide in cne unachered flooring. C. Remove che cue scrips while snraying che detcnenc solution directly inco che separation nip hoinc.* !>o not 'PRECAUTION: Resili nc flooring, becomes illmcry "hen wee with a determent sclucion. Use caucion co contain che solution in che immediate work area. Etending on a new sheet of plywood or non-sLLp surtace wnile working is racon cncied. stand or kneel on che expos, subfloor during die removal proces D. .IoLl die wee scrip cighcly and c or cane to secure. Concinue worki: couarc: die doorway, cutting eat serin and removing it while spravi: the ssrwracion nip poinc wic.i * c. ecorror.c solution. Place c scrips LreciuCely inco a ;ieavy-uu: impermeable crash bag or closi impermeable container. Close full bass cighcly and seal securely f. disposal. Identify wich a 'lab* stating, "Caution--Concair isbestos. Avoid opening or break!: bag or container. Breachir asbestos may cause serious bodl harm. Dispose of in aoorov`landfill only. (See NOTICE page 9. E. After removing three strips flooring, vacuum che exposed flo using a wet/dry vacuum equipped wi a HEPA filter and metal flc attachment (no brush). F. Seams and ocher adhered areas shou he removed as they are encouncer by stripping che wear surface wrd spraying che detergent soLution ir the delar.iinacion nip poinc and scraping che residual felt as nreviously described in compLremoval of peripherally acr.er flooring. 0. Concinue removing flooring do: only one three-scrio area at a c: untiL the- entire floor has oe complecely removed'. K. h'hen che whole floor has ce completely relieved, let ic dry anc 12- vacuura up any disc using a vacuum \ with a HEPA Filcracion System and a nctal -floor eooL (no brush). Scand only in vacuumed areas as you oroceed across che floor. Position the vacuir.* cleaner so chac r'iscrwr^e air does noc blow on che floor heir.-, cleaned. WARNING Do noC dry sweep; avoid creating ctusc. see warning seaiem-nt. I. Ta':e che vacuum cleaner oucsice and carefully remove che dusc hag and. olnce ic "in a heavy-duty i.permeable crash bay cr closed * impermeable container, .'hich is labeled as above, for disposal. ' (See nagc u nare-ranh D.) J. '/hen che floor is dry, install the new resilient floor coverir.y following manufacturers* installation recormendac ions. ^ GGKPLEIE REMOVAL OF AN EXISTING , : ADHERED SHEET VINYL FLOOR COVERING If complete rar-ovnl is required, follow these instructions: WARNING Never Sand an Existing Floor Covering A. Preparation 1. :iove all appliances and furniture from che work area. 2. "amove ail. binding scrips or ocher restrictive molding from doorways, walls, etc. 3. Prepare a determent solution (16 ounces of the soecified detersenc -13- (See page 3) to l gallon of warn 'acer) and pour inco a garcen sprayer. A. CLaan che entire floor with a wee/dry vacuun equipped vich a Filcracion Sysceu and .ratal floor attachment (no brush). uo hoc Sweep. ?.. >:a!;e a series of parallel cues 4 co S inches apart, parallel, co a wall. C. Scare at che end of the roo:. farthest from che entrance door; pry up che comer of che firsc scrip, separating che backing layer. Ai the scrip is being removed, ; constant mist of che detergent solution r.usc be sprayed inco cht dalarainacion nip point to 'minimize any airborne dust particles. kliei done properly, che felt remaining at che floor and on che back of ch scrip will be thoroughly wet. Th. strip is peeled by pulling upward a an angle that permits Che bes separation or by rolling around core. WARNING ELECTRICAL SflXFHBKZARD EXISTS. US A CROWD FAULT CrROJIT DfTERRUPTE FOR ANY ELECTRICAL GQttECTICNS IN WET ENVEOtENT. D. Roil che scrip cighcly as ic i removed. Tie or cape securely an place in a heavy duty imperraeabl crash bag or. closed imperaeabl container for disposal. E. Occasionally, parts of che fo inner-layer will remain stuck c:o hacking. This condition can -14- someci.nes be eLininaced by nulling che scrips loose from the' oooosite erd. Peel Che foam inner-Laver from che floor while sorayinp cine deterpent solucion inco che neL.-i; .tnation nip poinc. Some resilLane flooring Is noc readily scrinpa'ole ov harx'. '.hen these condtclons are -Vnceuncarac, it rav be "ecessary to er.oloy a snam, sclff ^lade scraper to assise cleavage of che wearlayer from tele (distance between cues in '.veerlayer should be narrower, 3" Co 5" vide). NOTE: Renardless of which one cf the nprroe^Wviously rencioned -(echoes- is TuTscSeTdT tor scrimm-? the wear surrace, tne oecertenc solution :usc oe snravea inco the ceiamination nio oomc to .rj.ni.rj.2e anv airoome cusc narcicles. f. Repeat che wetting and removal orocess on che nexc evo scrips, placing chem immediately inco che recomenced crash bags or concainers . for disposal. NOTE: During che scrionine nrocess, do noc stand or walk on the exposed felc. C. Afcer removing chree scrips of che wear surface, che remaining residual felc muse be removed by wee scraping before proceeding. WARNING RESIDUAL FELT HOST'TIE REMOVED BY WET SCRAPING; DO NOT SAND OR DRY SCRAPE IN ANY WAY; DO NOT CRY SWEEP; AVOID CREATING DUST. SEE WARNING STATEMENT. 15- K. WeC Scraping Residual Felc 1. T.wrougnly wee cine residual fei .ich che decergenc solucion. Avoid excessive weccir.g c scanding water. ..'aic a e rrinuces co allow che solucion : soak inco che felc. 2. Stand on che remaining floe covering (noc cine felc) and ui the sciff-blaced scraper or floor scraper with a replaceao: blade co remove che wee felc. WMMDC Never send or dry scrape residu felc. See Warning SCataaenc. 3. ".c-wec the felc if che so Luc i has noc comolecaly penetrate if drying occurs or if dry fe is exposed during scraoir. Scrape all felc from chis tic area before oroceeding rurcr.e Pick up Che scrapings as cr. are removed from che floor a pLace in a heavy-du L-iipermeabie crash bag or clos impermeable container. PRECAUTION: i'ec residuaL fe as above buc do noc excessive soak or flood wood floors wi decergenc solucion. Excess: wacer can damage wood floors che excenc chac n underlaymenc could be recuir A floor chac has been scraped , muse be allowed co < thoroughly before new res ill-, flooring is installed. u. Afcer removing che chree str of flooring vacuum che expose floor usirv* a wet/dry vacuum equipped with a HEPA filcer and metal floor attachment (no brush). "eiea: cho operation (weccinz the delininacion nip point -.hile removin': the next three serins, then wet scrape the resicual colt then vacua?, the cjcnostt floor). Do only one thrae-scrio area at a tire until the . encire floor has been coinolately removed. WARNING ELECTRICAL SHXCT&2ARD EXISTS. USE A GROUND FAULT CIRCUIT INTERRUPTER FOR ANY ELECTRICAL OGMffiCnCKS IN A WET ENVERCtMENT. Place ill flooring scrips and felt sc racings irnrediacely while wc into the recor.nended crash hags. Close full bags tightly and seal secureLy for disposal. Identify 'virh e libel stating, "'.`lutitn--Cor.tr ins .`.sheccos. Avoid nn-nin" nr hrea-ii'''* 'or container, ".reach*i'* asbestos "vv cause serious lxx`;.L'' harr.. Tisoose j.n an approved landfill only." fS*a 'TTICS page 9.) WARNING Do Not Dry Sweep; Avoid Creating Dust. See Warning Statement. '..'hen the whole floor has been cor.nlecelv removed, let it din/ and vacuum up any dirt using, a vacuum with a fEPA Filtration System and a metal floor attachment (no brush). Stand only in vacuumed area as you proceed across the floor. Position the vacuum cleaner so the discharge air does not blow on the floor being cleaned. i l. Ta!e Che vacuum cleaner oucside anc carefully remove the dust bag anc place it in a heavy-duty Lmemeable tr.isn tai or closed' L;permeable container for disposaL, . wnich is lubeLed as above. :!. '.Jhen the floor is dry, it is ready to have a new resilient floor covering installed. Folia/ the floor covering manufacturer's instructions. COMPLETE REMOVAL OF THIN WOOD UNDERLAWENT COVERED WITH EXISTING SHEET VINYL RESILIENT FLOORING The reraval of resilient flooring over .-ooci subfloors using the we st ripping/wee scraping i.ethod may not :> jraccical in cases where cuLtipie layer of floor covering are present, wher non-recocraenried underiayraents were used or where the flooring was made with heavy foam, backing. As an alternative the -..'cod uhderlaynent can be remove with the flooring adhered to it Following are che details. A. Preparation o hove all appliances an furniture from the work area, o Remove all binding scrips c ocher restrictive raiding c'rt doorways, wails, etc. o Prepare a detergent solution (l ounces of the specified iicui decergenc.,,[See page 5) to gallon of yam water) and pou into a garden sprayer, o Clean the entire floor with a 13- wee/dry vacuum eruioDed with a :E?A Filtration System .and natal floor cool (no brush). 3. Locate the joints of the underlayner.c '`are l farthest from the entrance door. C. Cut a serin or the flooring 4 to ; inches '.;ide centered ever :-.a underlaymenc joint in the land be ir.c; removed^ .0. Pry un the corner of the serin separating che backine layer. .\s che serin is'" beinn rerwvac!, a constant mist of the decargenc solution -:ust he snmyarf into the delamination nip cine to r.iririze any airborne dust "articLns. '.`nan done nronerly, any felt remaining on the floor and on the back of the scrip will be thoroughly vet. The strio is peeled by nullin' upward at an angle that nernits the best separation or by roil inn around, a core. PRECAUTION: Resilient flooring becor.es slippery wnen vet with a . determent solution. ' L'se caution co contain che solution Lr c'-.c tmodiacc work area. Stand. Lr~. on a new sheet of olvwood or non-slip surface -vnile working is recommended. E. Roll che scrip tightly as it is renoved. Tie or cape securely and place in a heavy-duty impermeable trash bag or closed" impermeable container for disposal, which is labeled "Caution--Contains Asbescos. Avoid opening or breaking bag or container. Breathing 'asbestos may cause serious bodily harm. Dispose -19- of in an approved landfill oniv." WARNING RESIDUAL FELT FCSTTE REMOVED BY W SCRAPING; DO NOT SAND CR DRY SCRAPE ANY WAY; DO NOT DRY SWEEP; AVO CREATING DUST. SEE WARNING SECEEMQfT. "..i.aove all of :ne a:^osed resid es It by '.-at scraping beio >focacLing. Vfet Scraping Residual Felt . 1. Thoroughly wet che residual fe . with Che detergent solution a allow a . few r.u.nuces co soak. 2. Stand on -the remaining fitcovering (not che felt) anc us che sciff-bladed scraper or a floor scraper with a replaceac blade to remove'the wet felt. WARNING Never sand or dry scrape residual fel See Warning Statement 3. Re-wet che felt if che solut; has not camaleteLy penetrate if drying occurs or if cry 1; is e:oosec during scraoir Scrape aLl felt from this fl' area before proceeding furt.'.: Pick up che scrapings as c: are removed from che floor ; place in a heavy-cu impermeable crash bag or do; impermeable container. 4. Continue around che underlayTM panel"completely removing adhered flooring over : joints. -20- 5. Place ail flooring scrips and felc scrapings immediately while wec into che recommended crash .la^s. Close full bags tightly .nnd seal secureLv for disoosal. Identify vich a'label scaring, "Cauci'on--Contains Asbescos. .'.void opening or breaking bag or concainer. breaching asbescos ray cause serious bodily ham. dispose in an approved landfill only." {See MnTOCE page 9.) 6. Vacuur. the smoseci floor area using a vc/c*ry vacuum equipped rich fi ::F?A flLcer and necai floor acc-ic.^menc.(no brush). C. Drive a cold chisel using a harrier or -yi LI sc inco rhe joint ac a comer of che oanel. .iow use che chisel co cry che panel up far enough co tnserc a nry bar. Concinue working around che panel, lifting all edges slowly. Use one or tr./o nr/ bars co pry up che underlaynenc ranel a llccle ac a cine until die panel is carnlecely loose and can be removed. Every aceenpc shadd he made co remove che panel in one niece. ,i>i If che underlayr.enc panel breaks, cue che resiLienc'flooring ac che break and spray che riecergenc solucion or.co the orxjscd felc. Allot/ che solucion co penecrace for a few minutes, chan concinue lifcing che broken underlaytnenc. WAFNPC ELECTRICAL SHOCK WZXRD EXISTS. USE A GROUND FAULT CIRCUIT PflgttUPTgt FDR ANY ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS IN A WET ENVIRONMENT. -2i' I. Remove each underlaytnenc paneL or piece from che work area as ic is lifced co avoid Lnjury. Wear heav> gloves when handling removed oaneis'. Ee very careful of wood splinters ant nrocrudinj; fasteners. Flaccen cr. fascane rs with a haw.ier and stack ens panels vac.; co hack oh pallecs ot place in clumpscer. Identify panels with a label seating, "Caution-- Contains asbescos. Avoid breakin; panels, breaching asbescos may cause serious bodily ltarn. Dispose of Lr an approved landfill only." PLact any small wood or flooring scraps it a heavy-duty impermeable crash bag ot closed impermeable concainer fot disposal. Identify all of chi containers and bags with a labe. seating, "Caution--Contains Asbescos Avoid opening or breaking bag o concainer. Breaching asbescos ma cause serious bodily harm. Dispose of in an approved landfill only." J. If che underlaytnenc exeends unde cabinets or wail partitions, ic vil be necessary co cue chrougn cn flooring with" a knife as close'co cu vertical surface as possibLe, deepl scoring cite panel, this should alio removal. K. After each panel has been iifeau nr. rcf/oved from Che work area, null any remaining nails or fasceners i Che subfloor. L. Concinue removing each underlaymer. panel following seeps G through K. M. When che underlaymehc/resilLen flooring removaL is completed prepare che subfloor following -22- manufacturer's Installation reconmendations. RESXLQHT TILE FLOOR COVERING Preparation o Floors With Bri.sting Resilient Tiles to Receive New Resilient Floor Covering Some resilient floor coverings can be installed over existing resilient tile installations. Follow the Installation instructions published by the manufacturer of the new floor covering when a new resilient floor covering is to be installed on a surface presently covered with a resilient floor covering. These instructions will tell you what must be done eo the existing surface before the new resilient floor covering can be installed. WARNING Navei Sand an Easting tile Installation (see Sketch 4) Complete Removal of Existing Resilient Tile Floor Covering Sipplles end Tools (refer Sketch 14)1 1. Sharp stiff blade floor scraper. 2. Weighted scraper with long handle. 3. Safety glasses. 4. Hacmer 5. Hot air gun.' 6. Wet/dry vacuxo with a HE?A Filtration System and metal floor attachment (no brush). 7. Heavy-duty, impermeable, plastic -23- trash bags with minimum 6 mil wal chldawss. 8. Garden sprayer. 9. A liquid dishwashing deterger which is stated to contain anionic nonionic, and amphoterl surfactants. The detergent shoul be mixed 'with water to make dilute solution (1 oz. of deterger to one gaLLon of water). 10. Pressure-sensitive labels 3" x . or larger. 11, Ground fauLt circuit interrupt, for connection of HEPA vacuum a: any other electrical equipment. Whenever possible, existing tile floe should be left in place and the r. floor adhered directly to the ti following menufacturer's directions. Occasionally, there is no altematl except to remove the tile; curling, pc bond and breakage are common teaser If removal is laiavoidable, conslderati oust also be given to subfloors coat with asphalt tile adhesive. I following procedures address c recommended work practice for removal floor tile and preparation of adhesl coated floors. Removal Procedure A. (Preparation ' 1. Move ell appliances a furniture from the work area 2. Remove all binding strips or other restrictive molding fr doorways, walls, etc. 3. It is also suggested that entire floor be cleaned wit: wet/dry vacuum equipped vie. HEPA Filtration System anc metal floor attachment (no -24- brush). Do Nob &eep. B. Those ereas normally exposed to heavy h fooc traffic patterns usually have dies adhered the tightest. As a matter of good practice in starting the tile removal, chose sections which receive the least traffic should be the locations selected for starting the removal of the tile. Since dies are normally in a 9" x 9" or 12" x 12" dimension, it should be the goal to remove individual tiles as a earpiece unit although breakage of same tiles is unavoidable. C. Start the removal by carefully wedging the wall scraper in the seam of two adjoining dies and gradually forcing the edge of one of the tiles up and away from the floor. Continue to force Che balance of the tile up by working the scraper beneath the tile and exerting both a forward pressure and a twisting action on the blade to promote release of the die from die adhesive and the floor. " V D. When che first die is removed, place it, without breaking it further into smaller pieces, in a heavy-duty impermeable crash bag or closed impermeable container which will be used for disposal. E. With che removal of che first tile accessibility of che ocher die is Improved. Force Che wail scraper under che exposed edge of another tile and continue to exart a prying twisting force to che scraper as it is moved under che tile until che tile releases from the floor. Again, dispose of eha tile, and succeeding -25- dies, by placing in the heavy-dut bag or closed container witha. additional breaking. F. Some tiles will release quit easily while others require varyir degrees of force. Where cb adhesive is spread heavily or i quite hard, it may prove easier t force che scraper through cb dghcly adhered areas by scrlkir che scraper handle with a hanttx using blows of moderate force whi: maintaining the scraper at a 25 < 30 angle to the floor. Caution: Use safety goggles. G. If some areas are encountered whe even che technique detailed in t previous paragraph proves to Inadequate, Che removal procedu can be simplified by thorough heating the diets) with a hoc a blower until the heat penecrae through the die and softens c adhesive. NOTE: Handle die hoc air blows tiles and adhesi carefully to avoid persor burns. _ NOTE: Do not handle che heat tiles and adhesive withe suitable glove protect: for die hands. H. As small areas of subfioor a cleared of tilt, the adhesi remaining on. the floor must treated. . The degree of treats* for residual "cut-back" adhesive dependant upon the type of resilient floor covering materia -26- co be installed and the type of subfloor. See page 32 Preparation of Adhesive Costed Subfloar for special recomnsndations. " If- new resilient floor tile is to be Installed over a concrete subfloor using an asphaltic adhesive, the residual asphaltic "cut-back" adhesive must be left so that no ridges or puddles are evident and what remains is a thin, smooth film. Wet Scraping Residual Adhesive (1) Start in the corner of the room farthest from the entrance door and moisten an area approximately 3' x 10' with water mixed with the specified liquid dishwashing detergent (1 oz. specified liquid dishwashing detergent' to one gallon of water) to aid in wetting the adhesive. Wet scrape with a stlff-bladed wall or floor scraper removing ridges and any loose adhesive. (2) Place loosened adhesive residues into a heavy-duty impermeable trash bag or other impermeable container and seal with ties, tape or string and label "Caution--Contains Asbestos. Avoid opening or breaking container. Breaching asbestos is hazardous to your health. Dispose in an approved landfill only." (3) Wet vacuum standing water with HEPA wec/dry vaciam. -27- (4) Continue steps (1) through ! until what remains of the residual asphaltic "cuc-bac adhesive is a chin, smoc film. I. As indicated in previoparagraphs, tiles should be plac immediately in a heavy-du Impermeable crash bag or clos impermeable container. Do r. attempt to break tiles furth after they are in Che bag. J. When all tiles and adhesive resic have been removed from the flc and placed in heavy-du polyethylene bags at least 6 m: chick or closed containers, se the bags securely for disposal . label: "Caution--Concai Asbestos. Avoid opening breaking bag or contalne Breaching asbestos may cat. serious bodily harm. Dispose in approved landfill only." K. Vacuum up any dirt in the a using a vacuum equipped with a K filter and metal tloor actacnm (no brush). L. After vacuuning, used HEPA file and cleaner bags should be remc according to manufacture: instructions and placed in a hea duty impermeable crash bag wit: label stating "Caution--Conca Asbestos. Avoid opening breaking container. Breath asbestos 1$ hazardous to v health. Dispose in an appre landfill only." Close and seal crash bags securely for disposal -28- UMerGLtayBSlncCeeCRovueorevdalwoitfhTEhixnisWtionogd Hie Supplies md Toole 1. Chisel. 2. Hanmer or mallet. 3. Short- and long-handled pry bars. 4. Heavy gloves. 5. Sharp stiff-blade floor scraper. 6. Weighted scraper with long handle. 7. Safety glasses. 8. Hanmer. 9. Hoc air gun. 10. Wet/dry vacuun with a HEPA Filtration System and metal floor attachment (no brush). 11. Heavy-duty, impermeable, plastic crash bags with minimum 6 mil wall thickness. 12. Pressure-sensitive labels 3" x 5" or larger. 13. Ground fault circuit interrupter for connection of HEPA vacuun and any ocher electrical equipment. Removal Procedure Preparation 1. Move all appliances and furniture from the work area. 2. Remove any binding scrips or other restrictive (holding from doorways, walls, etc. 3. It is also suggested chat the entire floor be cleaned with a wet /dry vaciun equipped with a HEPA Filtration System and a metal floor attachment (no brush). Do Not Sweep. B. Starting at the doorway or a floor ventilation vent, locate a Joint in an underlayrawc board. -29- C. Start the removal by carefully wedging the wall scraper in the seam of two adjoining tiles anff gradually forcing the edge of one of the tiles up and away from the floor. Continue Co force the balance of the tile up by working the scraper beneath the tile and exerting both a forward pressure and a twisting action on the blade to promote release of. the tile fror the adhesive and the floor. Cantinut to remove tile in this manner,' at all joints, until all board Joints are exposed. D. When the first tile is removed place it, without breaking 1; further into smaller pieces, in ; heavy-duty impermeable crash bag cr closed iopermeable container whici will be used for disposal. E. With Che removal of the first ell accessibility of Che ocher tile i improved. Force the well scrape under the exposed edge of another tile and continue to exert a pryln twisting force to the scraper a it is moved under the tile unci the tile releases from the floor Again, dispose of the tile, ar succeeding tiles, by placing in ct heavy-duty bag or closed contains without additional breaking. F. Some tiles will release quit easily while others require varyln degrees of force. Where th adhesive is spread heavily or 1 quite hard, it may prove easier c force the scraper" through tightly adhered areas by scriki: the scraper handle with a hanmer -30- uslng blows of moderate force while maintaining the scraper at a 25 to 30 angle to the floor. Caution: Use safety goggles. G. If some areas are encountered where even the technique detailed in the previous paragraph proves to be inadequate, the removal procedure can be simplified by thoroughly heating the tile (si with a hoc air blower until the heat penetrates through the tile and softens the adhesive. NOTE: Handle the hot air blower, tiles and adhesive carefully to avoid personal bums. NOTE: Do not handle the heated tiles and adhesive without suitable glove protection for the hands. H. After all the tiles have been removed from the urderlayment joints* drive a chisel, using a banner or a mallet, between the underlayment board and the subfloor. Use the chisel to pry up Che underlaymenc enough to insert a pry bar and remove the chisel. Slowly and carefully use pry bars to pry up the underlaymenc board a . little at a time until the board is completely loose and can be removed. I. Caution must be used to avoid breaking the underLaymenc board. The underlaymenc board should be removed in one piece. If Che underlaymenc board breaks, heat and cut tht tile at the break, then continue to remove broken underlaymenc. J. Wear heavy gloves and ba very careful of wood splinters and fasteners sticking out of the back of the underlaymenc. Each uderlayraenc -31- board (or piece of board) should removed from the work area as s< as it has been pried to avt injuries (such as stepping on a nail). Fasteners protruding fror removed board should be flatter with a hammer. Place remo\ underlaymenc boards on skids v. the nails pointing dowrward. Wi skid with 6 mil polyechyle plastic sheeting and secure w- duct tape. Identify'with a Lai stating "Caution--Concai. Asbestos. Avoid opening breaking container. Breach! asbestos may cause serious bod harm. Dispose in an approved landfill only." K. After each board has been remov ' pull out any nails or faster, still in the subfloor. Dispose these and any ocher nails fasteners which have been remc but are still lying in the v area. L. A chisel is not needed to start removal of boards after the fi board has been removed. Sir work Che pry bar under the expc edge of the next board. M. When removal of the underlaw* existing tile floor is compU thoroughly check the expo subfloor. Renall loose areas reset any "popped" nails fasteners. N. Vacuum up any dirt in the ; using the vacuum cleaner equi: with the HEPA filter and me floor attachment (no brush). -32- Afcer Che underlayment is conplecely removed, install the new underlayment and/or floor covering according co che manufaeeurer's installation instructions. PREPARATION OP ADHESIVE OQAIED SUBILOORS The degree co which residual asphalc adhesive has co be moved depends on che new flooring material which is being inscaiied. Generally inscallacion or Vinyl Composition Tile requires cxily che wee renova1 of adhesive ridges, excess adhesive, and loose adhesive residues. (See page 25, paragraph H.) Inscallacion of sheec flooring and specialty tiles requiring iacex, resin, or epoxy adhesives will require chat che residual asphalcic adhesive be essencially conplecely removed. Warning Regarding Complete Adhesive Kami: Sene Solvent Baaed 'Oat-Beck" Asphaltic Adhesives thy Contain Asbestos Fibers That Are Hoc Raerttly Identifiable. <p, Do Not Use Bauer Devices Utdch Create :?>!Asbestos Dust in Removing These ' Adhesives. Ths Inhalation Of AabasCoa Dust May Cause Asbescosis Or Other Serious Bodily Hem. anklng Greatly Increases The Risk Of Serious Bodily lIUSi I. Recommended Method for Preparing Concrete Sufafloors Costed with CutBeck or Rail slnn Tile Adhesive Unless absolutely positive beyond any doubt that the adhesive is a nonasbestos product, assume'it contains 33- asbestos and treat it in che manne prescribed in this pamphlet for cut-beck or enulsion tile adheslv containing asbestos. A. Trowelable UnderLaymenc Cover che adhesive residue wic trowelable underlaymen following Che manufaeeurer' recommended appileaelo procedures. (Recommended fc residential use only.) B. Self-Leveling Cemenciciot Underlaymenc Follow menufaccurer's recommendations for use c these types of underLaymencs < a covering for adhesive coacet concrecs. HQDE: All warranties and recommendations as co c! suitability and perfozmance o these products are ct responsibility of ci manufacturer of tt underlayment. C. Adhesive Removers The Resilient Floor Covert Institute does not lecariurrui approve the use of che products. There are a numb of cccmercial adhesive remove on che market chat wl properly remove cut-back emulsion adhesive residue r a subfloor; however, there a concerns that these produc may adversely effect che n adhesive and new flo< covering.' -34- D. Wet Rancval Smpllee and Tools 1. Broad sciff-biadad wall or floor scrapars, a 4-lnch wide blada wlch handle Is recomnendad. 2. No. 1 sandblasting sand (cle-an, sharp, course cutting sand). 3. Terrazzo or low-speed floor machine fitted with a floor place attachment (Clark Assy. 500212-6). 4. Hand-held rubbing stones. 5. Wet/dry tank-type vacuun cleaner equipped with a High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filter and metal floor attachment (no brush). 6. Heavy-duty polyethylene bags at least 6 mils thick, tape or ties, and labels. 7. Slip-resistant shoes or rubber heels. 8. Ground fault circuit interrupter for electrical connection of the ICPA vacuum and any other electrical connections required. 9. Garden sprayer. 10. A liquid dishwashing detergent which is stated to contain anionic, nonionic, and amphoteric surfactants. The detergent should be mixed with vmter to make a dilute solution (1 oz. of liquid in one gallon of water). -35- Procedure 1. Start in the corner of eh room farthest from ch entrance door and molscc an area of the adhesiv approximately 3* x 10' wit water mixed with liqui dishwashing datergane U aid in watting the adhesive). Wet scrape wit a stiff-bladad weLL c floor scraper removir ridges and any loos adhesives,, until only Chin smooch film mains. 2. Place loosened adhesiv residues into a haevy-du' impermeable crash bag < ocher impermeable contain and seal with ties, cape < string and label "Caution Contains Asbestos. Avo opening or breaking beg container. Breathl: asbestos may cause bodl harm. Dispose in approved landfill only." 3. Wet vacuum standing water with HEPA wet/dry vaeuxn. 4. Continue steps l through until entire area is w scraped. 5. Place cutting sand into container (enough to cov an approximate 6' x area), add water mixed wl liquid detergent (1 oz. c the specified deterge (See page 33] to one gall of water) to the sand dampen (20 lbs. of sand 1/2 gallon of solution). 6. Place sand over a 6' x area and wet remove the -36- existing adhesive residue using a terrazzo floor machine. Keep send under rubbing scones when operating the machine. The send end the subfloor wlSF ST.continuously Kepi: wee. 7. occasionally push away cutting sand from Che subfloor with a well or floor scraper Co check for complect removal. 8. Adhesive artxnd Che edge of che room end areas chec were missed can be removed wlch dampened, clean, sharp cutting sand and a hand held rubbing scone. 9. Wet scrape sand Into a pile using a stiff-bleded floor or wall scraper and place sand and adhesive residue in a heavy-duty impermeable container, seal with ties or tape and label "CautiooConcains Asbescos. Aroid opening or breaking bag or container. Breaching asbescos may cause bodily harm. Dispose In an approved landfill only." 10. Rinse area wlch dear, clean water using the hand sprayer. 11. Wet vacuus" standing wacar with a wac/dry vacuum equipped with a HEPA filter and metal floor attachment (no brush). 12. Continue scape 1 through 8 until the entire room la earpiece. 13. Allow subfloor to dry and vacuus up any remaining -37- dirt or send using a vacuu equipped with a HEPA filter ar metal floor cool (no brush). WTOB Electrical SbocE Hazard Exists Uaa A Ground Fault Circul Interrupter For Any Electrics Ccmecdans lh A Use TYrrtriiinr IX. Recommended Mschrris for Pxmpsrlx . Wood Subflaors Casced with CUt-Bec or ftai! sion Hie Akeslve A. Troweleble Underleyment Cover ehe adhesive residue wl' croueleble underlaymsnc following manufacturer recommended appllcatlc procaducea. (Raccmsnded f rasldandal uaa only). B. Wood Panel Underlaymsnc* Normally 1C will not necessary to remove che c tile when Installing n underlaymsnc over a sing layer of tils. However, If c tile suae be removed, c tackiness of Che adhesive tru be ''dried-up" before inscalli new underlaymsnc. This can done by spreading .a layer powder from latex patch! compound (either type) a vacuuming up the exces Another method is to place layer of asphalt saturac pattern scribing fait or cwo layers of newspaper over the tacky adhesive residue * See manufacturers' recommendations for approved underLaymmt types. before che underLeymene 1* inscelled. If Che old edheelve Is noc "dried-up" before che inderleyoKnc Is inscelled t there is che posslblllcy chec e `'crecking1' sowd will be heard when che new floor is walked on, creating an uuecisfacedry condition. This occurs because che underlaymsne is pressed inco che Cac.ky adhesive by fooe traffic. When che pressure is re Leased, che underlaymenc sticks momentarily and Chen springs from Che tacky adhesive, czeacing a "cracking" noise. C. Removal of Adhesive Coated Underlaymenc Panels If removal of che existing underlaymenc panels is necessary follow che procedure ouelined under "ConpleCe Removal of Thin Wood UnderLaymenc Covered with Existing Resilienc Flooring" seeps C - M (pages 19 -- 21).. HUWDC Do (toe Sand, Dry Scrape, BeadbLasc Mechanically Pulverise Exist 1 Resilient Flooring* Becking Or Urr Felt. These Produces May Conti Asbestos Fibers Itaec Are (toe Read Identifiable. Using Che Above (fc reco--ndsd Procedures On Aabestc Containing Material Cm Create Asbes Duse. The fahslartm Of Asbestos D Hey Cause Asbestosis Or Other SerL Bodily Harm. Soaking Greedy Increa The Risk of Serious Bodily Ham. (BACK CXJVE2U Issued By ResiLient Floor Covering Institute 966 fingerford Drive, Suite 12B Rockville, MD 20S50 (301) 340-3580 February 1990 This Tublication replaces prior editions of these wor!; oractices. Future editions of these worh practices .viv be issued to replace this publication. RFCI-WP-1980 Revised 1987 Revised 1990 APPENDIX 6-2 Recommended Work Practices for Removal of Floor Tiles Armstrong World Industries, Inc. (March 1990) B-22 (Afrnstron' Recommended Work Practices for Removal of Resilient Floor Coverings * 2622 390J Effective MARCH 1990 Through DECEMBER 1990 3 1990 A/msreng wortf IA WARNING I ASBESTOS* CONTAINING RESILIENT FLOOR COVERING MATERIALS 00 NOT SANO EXISTING RESILIENT FLOOR TILE AND SHEET FLOOR* ING BACKING OR LINING FEU. THESE PROOUCTS MAY CONTAIN ASBESTOS FIBERS THAT ARE NOT READILY IDENTIFIABLE. AVOID CREATING OUST. INHALATION OF ASBESTOS DUST MAY CAUSE ASBESTOSIS OR OTHER SERIOUS BODILY HARM. SMOKING GREATLY INCREASES THE RISK OF SERIOUS BODILY HARM. AWARNING ASBESTOS*. CONTAINING ASPHALTIC '`CUTBACK'* ADHESIVE SOME IN-PLACE ASPHALTIC ADHESIVES MAY CONTAIN ASBESTOS FIBERS THAT ARE NOT READILY IDENTIFIABLE. IN THE ii REMOVAL OF ASPHALTIC "CUT BACK" ADHESIVES. DO NOT USE POWER DEVICES WHICH CAN CREATE DUST. THE INHALATION OF ASBESTOS DUST MAY CAUSE ASBESTOSIS OR OTHER SERIOUS BOOILY HARM. SMOKING GREATLY INCREASES THE RISK OF SERIOUS BOOILY HARM. ASSUME THAT ALL INPLACE ASPHALTIC "CUTBACK" ADHESIVES CONTAIN ASBESTOS. NOTICE: Regulations Affecting the Removal of Existing Resilient Floor Covering Structures various government sgencies have regulations governing the removal of in-place asbestos-containing material, if you contemplate the removal of'a resilient floor covering structure that contains (or is assumed to contain) asbestos, you should dstsrmina whether such regulations apply. THIS EDITION OF THE RECOM MENDED WORK PRACTICES, F-2622-390J SUPERCEDES ALL OTHERS. ALL PREVIOUS EDITIONS ARE NOW OBSOLETE. --------------------------------------------- ----e_ Important information for installers of resilient floor coverings What \bu Should Know About Existing Resilient Floor Covering Structures Vinytestwstos tile and asphalt tile contain asbestos fibers, as did some asphaltic "cut back" adhesives and the backings of many sheet vinyl floorings and lining felts. The presence of the asbestos in these products is not readily identifiable. Unless absolutely positive beyond any doubt that the product is nonasbestos-contaireng matenal. always assume it does contain asbestos. Armstrong's Recommended Work Practices are a defined set of instructions addressed to the task of removing ail resilient floor cover ing structures whether or not they contain asbestos. When Armstrong's Recommended Work Practices are followed, resilient floor covering structures that contain (or are assumed to contain) asbestos can be removed in a manner that wM comply with the currant QSHA Occupational Exposure to Aabestos Standard's Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL). Numerous products, devices and techmaues have been recently introduced and/or recom mended for the removal of resilient floor covering structures. Armstrong is only aDie to endorse its own Recommended Work Prac tices. Before you use any other practice for the removal of an tn-piace resilient floor covering product that contains (or is assumed to contain) asbestos, you should determine if the practice meets all applicable regulations or standards including those of the Occuoauonal Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for Occupational Exposure to Asbestos and that the matenal will be compatible with the new floor covenng to be installed. Recommended Work Practices for Removal of Resilient Floor Coverings TABLE OF CONTENTS___________________ IALTEftNXnVKB TO REMOVAL OF a EXISTING RESILIENT FLOOR COVtfUNOS - p. 5______________ insulting resilient floor covanng over existing resilient floor covering . ................................. p. 5 Use of emoossmg teveter......... p. 6 Installing resilient door covering over new unaertayment........... p. 6 2 REMOVAL OR RESILIENT SHEET a FLOORING - p. ________________ Supplies and tools.................... p. 6 Removal procedure, fully adhered resilient sneet ftoonng p. 7 Removal procedure, unadfiered (loose-tay) or penpneraily adhered resilient sheet ftoonng ................... p. H e% REMOVAL OR RESILIENT TILE Jt p.13___________________________ Supplies and toots.................... pt 13 Removal procedure .................. p. 14 4 REMOVAL OR RESIDUAL a ADHESIVE - (X 17 Recommendations tor the treatment of residual asphaltic "cutback" adhesive .................. Supplies and tools.................... Wet-scraping residual adhesive Removal of residual adhesive . p. 17 p. 20 P- 21 P-21 C COMPLETE REMOVAL OR WOOD We UNDERPAYMENT - p. 23 Supplies and Boots *................... Uncertayment removal procedure .................................... P- 23 p. 24 1 ALTERNATIVES TO REMOVAL OF l a EXISTING RESILIENT FLOOR I COVERINGS i Removal of the existing resilient floor is me final alternative (see note oetow). Armstrong recommends mat whenever possible you leave the existing resilient door covenng in place and go over the top witn your new floor. Note: Alternatives to the removal of an existing resident floor over approveo sucllocrs are: (1) Installing directly over a single layer of approved existing resilient ftoonng. (2) Filling the embossing of the existing reedier* flooring with S-18B Embossing Leveier before installation (residential products only). (3) Covenng existing resilient ftoonng on an approved suspended wood subftoor with a recommenced wood unoenayment. Contact your local Armstrong dealer lor our recommendations or consult Armstrong's brochure F-5061, "Armstrong Engineered In stallation System.'* installing rtsiiisnt floor covering over exulting resilient floor covering When you plan to install a new resilient sheet or tile floor covering over an existing resilient floor covenng, follow me installation instruc tions published by me manufacturer. Those instructions will tell you wnat must be done to the existing surface before me new resilient floor covenng can be installed. Remove wax by wet stripping only. AWARNtNG NEVER SANO AN EXISTING RESILIENT FLOOR COVERING. SEE WARNINGS ON PAGE ONE.  Us* of embossing ieveier 1 When you use Armstrong's S-188 Embossing Leveler to fill the embossing of the existing resdiem flooring. follow the Armstrong recom mendations found in brochure F-5061. "Armstrong Engineered Installation System." Installing resilient floor covering over new underiayment When you install a new floor covenng over new underiayment. follow the Armstrong recommendations found in brochure F-5061. "Armstrong Engineered installation System."* 1 2 2 REMOVAL OF RESIUEHT SHEET FLOORING A warning! 00 NOT SANO EXISTING RESILIENT TILE AND SHEET FLOORING. BACKING. OR LINING FELT. SEE WARNINGS ON PAGE ONE Supplies and tools 1. Stiff-bladed well or floor scraper. 2. Utility or hook knife. 1 Tank-type High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) wet/dry vacuum cleaner with orsposafife dust bag and metal floor toot (no brush). 4. Hand Sprayer or spnnwmg can. 6. A liquid & Large-size heavy-duty impermeaofe trash1 bags (or closed impermeable containers) with ties. tape, or suing to ue the bags shut, and tags for laoeiing. dishwashing detergent which is stated to con tain anionic nonionic and amphoteric sur factant. Mix this specified liquid dishwasmng detergent with water to maxe a Oduta solution (16 oz. spectied ftqud dishwashing 7. Ground fault circuit inter- detergent in one gallon of water). ruptar for elec trical connection of the HEPA vacuum and any other electrical connections required. Removal procedure, fully adhered resilient sheet flooring AWARNING NEVER SAND AN EXISTING FLOOR COVERING OR FEU BACKING. SEE WARNINGS ON PAGE ONE. e. Remove any binding strips or otner restric tive moldings from doorways, walls, etc b. Prepare the specified liquid dishwasning detergent solution (16 oz. ot specified liquid dtshwaamng detergent to one gallon ot wateri and pour mto a hand sprayer or sprinkling can. c Clean the entire floor with the HEPA vacuum cleaner using the metal floor tool, d. Make a senes ot parallel cuts 4" to 8" apart through the top layer of the ftoonng and about halfway through the backing, parallel to the wall, for the enure floor. A CAUTION I RESILIENT FLOORING 8ECOMES SLIPPERY WHEN WET WITH THE SPECIFIED UQUIO DISHWASHING DETERGENT SOLUTION. USE CAUTION TO CONTAIN THE SOLUTION IN THE IMMEDIATE WORK AREA. STAND ING ON A NEW SHEET OF PLYWOOD OR NONSUP SURFACE WHILE WORK ING IS RECOMMENDED. e. Wear layer removal: One worker starts at the end of the room far thest from the entrance ooor and pnes up the comer of the amp: separating the backing from the wear layer. As the amp is being removed, another worker sprays a constant mtstof the specified liquid dishwashing detergent solution imo the deiamtnsuon nip . pomt to minutiae any airborne dust pandas. When done properly, the felt remaining on the floor and on the back of the strip wiU be thoroughly wet Do only one three-strip area at a time. Stand on the remaining floor cover ing or clean floor (do not stand on the felt). The cut strips shouid be peeled from the backing by pulling or rolling around a core which wiU control the stripping angle to create a uniform mwon (some resilient floor ing wear layers may not be readily smppablt and may require wet-scraping). Tie or taps the removed malarial securely end place in -the heavy-duty impermeable trash bag or etossd impermeable container tor disposal. f. Remove and dispose ot each succeeding srnp in the above manner. Avoid walking on the exposed felt its much as possible. Close full bags tightly, and seal securely for disposal. Identify with a label stating -- "Caution -- contains asoestos. Avoid Open ing or Breaking Container. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to 'tour Health. Oispose in an approved ianolill only." g. Occasionally, pans of. (ha so layer will stick to tne Backing. This can often oe ekmmateo by peeling in the opposite direc tion. The Stift-biaoed scraper may am in me -removal or peeling of the wear layer. I a warning! NEVER SAND OR DRY-SCRAPE RESIDUAL FEU BACKING. SEE WARNINGS ON PAGE ONE. h. Wet-scraping residual felt: (1) Thoroughly wet me residual felt with the specified liquid dishwasntng detergent solution. Wait a tow minutes to allow the specified liquid dishwashing detergent solution to soak into the fait (2) Stand on the remaining floor covering (not the tett) and use the stiff-bladed semper to scrape up the wet felt (3) Rewet the felt if the specified liquid dishwashing detergent solution has not completely penetrated, if drying occurs, or if dry fait is exposed during soaping. Pick up the scrapings as they are removed from the floor and place in a heavy-duty impermeable trash bag or dosed im permeable container. Wet-scrape all (eit from tins floor area baton proceeding further PRECAUTIONS: EXCESSIVE MOISTURE CAN CAUSE PERMA NENT DAMAGE TO WOOD UNOERLAYMENTS. IT IS THE INSTALLER'S RESPONSIBILITY TO USE THE CORRECT AMOUNT OF SPECIFIED UQUIO DISHWASHING DETERGENT SOLUTION TO PRE- if# VENT UNDEHLAYMENT DAMAGE. A FLOOR THAT HAS BEEN WET- SCRAPED MUST BE ALLOWED 10 DRY BEFORE INSTALLING ANY NEW RESILIENT FLOORING. (4) When this floor area has bMn cleaned free of fell vacuum up any pin using th HEPA vacuum cleaner with tha metal door tool. Position tha vacuum claanar so that tha discharge air does not blow on tha area being cleaned. (5) Repeat tha above on tha next senes of strips. (8) Repeat this operation until tha felt has bean removed from tha whole floor. Close full bags tightly and seal securely for disposal. Identify with a label stating -- "Caution -- contains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Container. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to tour Health. Oispose in an approved landfill onty" (7) When the whole floor has been clean ed free of felt, vacuum up any dirt using the HEPA vacuum cleaner with the metal floor tool and let it dry. Position the vacuum cleaner so that the discharge air does not blow on the area being cleaned. IA WARNING DO NOT ORY-SWEEP. AVOID CREATING OUST. SEE WARNINGS ON PAGE ONE. (8) After vacuuming, used HEPA filters and cleaner bags should be removed according to the manufacturer's instruc tions and placed in a heavy-duty impermeable trash bag with a label stating "Caution -- contains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Container. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to tour Health. Dispose in an approved landfill onty." Close and seal the trash bag securely for disposal (8) Whan the floor ia dry, it is ready to have a new resilient floor covering install ed. Follow the manufacturer's installation instructions. Removal procedure, unadhered (loose-lay) or peripherally, adhered resilient sheet flooring a. Remove any binding stnps or other restric tive moldings horn doorways, wails, etc b. Prepare the specified liquid dishwashing detergent solution (16 oz. of the specified li quid dishwasrung detergent to one gallon of water) and pour into a hand sprayer or sprinkling can. c. Clean the entire floor with the HEPA vacuum cleaner using the metal floor tool. d. If floonng is unadhered, suit at the end of the room farthest from the entrance doorway and cut floonng into stnps about 18' wide tor the enure room. One worker removes the cut strips while another worker sprays the specified liqud dishwashing detargant solu tion directly into the separation nip point. Do not stand on tha exposed subftoor during the removal process. A CAUTION RESILIENT FLOORING BECOMES SLIPPERY WHEN WET WITH SPECIFIED UQUIO DISHWASHING DETERGENT SOLUTION. USE CAU TION TO CONTAIN THE SOLUTION IN THE IMMEDIATE WORK AREA. STAN DING ON A NEW SHEET OP PLYWOOD OR NONSUP SURFACE WHILE WORKING IS RECOMMENDED. e. Ron the wet strip tightly and tie or tape securely so * wd not unroll. Place itna heavy-duty mpermeade trash dag or ctosad impermeable contain* big enough to accom modate savant rotts for disposal. Usa this matnod tor nonbondad areas of peripherally adhered floors, lb remove bonded anas, follow instructions under "Removal procedure, fully adhered resilient sheet flooring.'* 1. Clean tne exposed floor with a HEPA vacuum deaner with the metal floor tool posi tioned so that the discharge air does not blow on the ana bemg cloned. A WARNING! 00 NOT DRY-SWEEP. AVOID CREATING OUST. SEE WARNINGS ON PAGE ONE. g. Repeat the above, cutting, rolling and disposing of one strip at a time and cleaning the newly exposed area immediately until the entire floor covering has been removed and the entire floor is vacuumed dean. h. If any residual fait remains stuck to the flooc it should be removed by the wet* scraping method described in Section (h) of the "Removal procedure, fully adhered resilient sheet flooring." 1 AWARNING 1 DO NOT DRY-SCRAPE OR SANO. SEE WARNINGS ON PAGE ONE. PLACE THE REMOVED FLOOR COVERING IN THE HEAVY-DUTY IMPERMEABLE TRASH BAG OR CLOSED IMPERMEABLE CONTAINER. {. After vacuuming, used HEPA fitters and deaner bags should be removed according to manufacturer's instructions and pieced in a heavy-duty impermeable trash bag with a label stating -- "Caution -- contains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Con tainer. Breathing Aabedoa is Hazardous to Vbur Health. Oisposa in an approved landfill only." Close and seal the trash bags securely for disposal. j. Alter the undenayment is cry, install me new resilient floor covering accenting to me manufacturer's installation instructions. 3. RKMOVAL OP RESILIENT TILE A WARNING NEVER SAND AN EXISTING RESILIENT FLOOR TILE INSTALLATION. SEE WARNINGS ON PAGE ONE. Supplies and toots 1. Heavy-duty scraper with approximately 4" blade and 6* tofl' handle. . 4 2. Hammer 1 Commercialtype hand-held hot-air blower or a radiant heat source. 4. Large size heevy-duty im permeable trash hfgy (Or impermeable containers), with ties, tape or string to tie the bag shut and tags for labeling. S. Tank-type High Efficiency Paracutata Air (HEPA) weVflrv vacuum deaner with disposable dust bag and metal floor tool {no brush).  Removal procedure a. Those areas normally exposed to heavy foot-traffic patterns usually have tiles adhered the.tighta*. Aa a matter of good practice in starting the tile removal, select those sections which receive the least traffic. Since tiles are normally in a 9"x9" or 12'xl2* dimension, try to remove individual tiles as a complete unit b. Start the removal by carefully wedging the scraper in the seam of two adfommg tiles and gradually forcing the edge of one of the tiles up and away from the floor. Do not break oft pieces of tne ole. but continue to force the balance of the hie up by working (he scraper beneath the tile and exerting both a forward pressure end e twisting action on the blade to promote release of the hie from the adhesive end the floor. Remove and dispose of eacn tile in tne man ner aoove. Avoid walking on me exposed adhesive as much as posstoia. Close full bags tightly and seal sacurefy for disposal. Identify with a labaf stating "Caution -- con tains amastos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Container. Breathing Asbestos n Hazardous to Vbur Health. Oispose in an approved land fill only." e. Some hies will release quite easily while others require varying degrees of force. Where the adhesive is spread heavily or the tile is bonded tightly, it may prove easier to force the scraper through the tightly adhered areas by sinking the scraper handle with a hammer, using blows of moderate force wmle maintaining the scraper at e 25 to 30 angle to the flax IA CAUTION WEAR SAFETY GLASSES WHEN USING THIS PROCEDURE. c. When the first hie is removed, place it. without breaking it into smaller pieces, in the heavy-duty impermeable trash bag or dosed impermeable container which wiH be used (or disposal. Removed hies can be placed in empty hie canons lint and then placed in the heavyduty impermeable trash begs, lb pre vent tearing of the heavy-duty impermeable trash bag. place only one full cation of removed ule in a bag. d. With the removal of the first hie. ac cessibility of other tries is improved. Force the scraper under the exposed edge of another tile, and continua to exert a prying, twisting force to the scraper as it is moved under the tile until the tile releases from the floor. 14 f. If you encounter areas where even the above methods will not remove the tiles, the removal procedure can be simplified by thoroughly heating the tiles with a hot-air blower or a radiant heat source until the heat penetrates truougn the ule and softens the adhesive. T|\ JP -V 16 NOTE: Handle the hot-air blower carefully to evoid injury. Oo not uae a blowtorch or open flame. Use caution not to bum or char tile. Use adequate ventilation. NOTE: The treatment of residual asphaltic "cutback" adhesive is dependent upon the type of new resilient floor covering material to be Installed and the type of subfloor. See Section 4, Removal of Reaidual Adhesive for Armstrong's recom mendations for the treatment of residual asphaltic "cutback" adhesive. g. If new resilient floor tile is to be installed over a concrete subfloor using an asphaltic adhesive, the residual asphaltic "cutback" adhesive must be left so that no ndges or puddles are evident and what remains is a thin, smooth film. This can be accomplished by wet-scraping me residual adhesive. NOTE: See Section 4. Removal of Residual Adhesive, for Warning and Supplies and Tools. Wat-scripmg residual adhesive: (1) Stan in the comer of the room farthest from the entrance door and moisten an area approximately 3' x 10' with water mixed with the spiralled liquid (fishwashing detargent (1 cz. specified liquid dishwashing detergent to one galfon of water) to aid in wetting the adhesive. Wetscrape with a strff-btaded wait or floor scraper removing ridges and any loose adhesive. (2) Place loosened adhesive residues into a heavy-duty impermeable trash bag or other impermeable container and seal with ties, tape or stnng and label "Caution-- contains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Container. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to 'ibur Health. Oispose in an approved landfill only." (3) Wet vacuum sanding water with me HEPA vacuum deaner. (4) Continue step* (t) through (3) until what remains of the residual asphaltic "cutback" adhesive is a thin, smooth film. h. Clean the enure lloor with the HEPA vacuum cleaner using me metal floor toot to remove debris before applying new esonaitic adhesive or installing new resilient floor tile. I. After vacuuming, used HEPA fitters and cleaner bags should be removed according to manufacturer's instructions and placed m a heavy-duty impermeable trash bag with a label stating-i'Caution--contains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Container. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to 'ibur Health. Oispose in an approved landfill only." Close and seal the trasn oags securely lor 4 REMOVAL OP RESIDUAL ADHESIVE IA WARNING I ASBESTOS CONTAINING ASPHALTIC "CUTBACK" ADHESIVE. SOME IN-PLACE ASPHALTIC ADHESIVES MAY CONTAIN ASBESTOS FIBERS THAT ARE NOT REAOILY IDENTIFIABLE. IN THE REMOVAL OF ASPHALTIC "CUTBACK" AOHESiVES, 00 NOT USE POWER OEVtCES WHICH CAN CREATE OUST. THE INHALATION OF ASBESTOS OUST MAY CAUSE ASBESTOSIS OR OTHER SERIOUS BOOILY HARM. SMOKING GREATLY IN CREASES THE RISK OF SERIOUS BOOILY HARM. ASSUME THAT ALL IN-PLACE ASPHALTIC "CUTBACK" AOHESIVES CONTAIN ASBESTOS. Recommendations for the treatment of residual asphaltic "cutback" adhesive The treatment of residual asphaltic "cutback" adhesive a dependent upon me type of new tesdient floor covering material to be installed and the type of subfloor. Armstrong's recom mendations lor the treatment of residual asphaltic "cutback" adhesive are shown in the following chan.  At rnwitmm *naor mw-- --nrm im mo trm unodWymM mtftulMUKM. NSIt Sor tutom nMWi F-SOtl. "Amwong Einyn i term* Ammrang i onxnuf* i Svmki ' nwie: .viany quia aanesive removal profiucts usually employ solvents which turn a nsdui within the subfloor mat can adversely flea the ow adhesive or floor covering. The wsirendee provided by ttw manufacturers of the now floor covering materials wd not cover insancas where existing subfloor condi tions damage their product* or affect its in* saltation. The usa of asbestos encapsuiants or bridging materials over asphaltic adhasiva ts not recommended as thosa products may a/tact the bonding properties of the new adhesive. The application of asphaltic adhesnes. as an nsattaoon madium. has baan damonstratad to ba an affacova cover for tha existing residual adhasiva. Tha aneapsutant usa of tha naw adhasiva must, however. ba consotant with othar installation recommendations. Supplies and tools 1. Stiff-btadad wafl or floor scraper 2. Na t sandblasting sand (dean, sharp, coarse cut&ng sand) 3. Terrazzo or a low spaad floor machine fittad with a floor plate. (Clark Assamoiy No. 500212-6) 4. Hand hold rubbing stones. 5. Tank-type High Effleisney Parbarfaia Air fHEPA) wartfrv vacuum cleaner with disposable oust bag and maul floor tool (no brush). (L large-size heavy-duty impermeable trash bags (or dosed impermeable containers) with ties, tape, or stnng to tie tha bags shut, and tags for 7. Siip-restsunt shoas or rubber boots. I Ground fault circuit intamtpur for slactnctl connacbon of.tha HEPA vacuum and any othar tiactncal cormacbona required. 9. Hand sprayer or sprinkling can. 10. A liquid dishwashing dstsrgsnt which is stated to conaot areonic, nonionic, and ampnotsne surfactant Mbt this spaafisd liquid atsnwashing dstsrgsnt with water to mak* a dilute solution (t oz. of the specified liquid dishwasnmg detergent to one gallon of wattr). Wat-scnplng residual adhesive a. Start in the comer of the room farthest from the entrance door and moisten an area of the adhesive approxtmattfy 3' x 10' with water mixed with the specified liquid dishwashing detergent (to aid in wetting the adhesive;. Wet-scrape with a stiff-bladed wail or floor scraper removing ridges and any loose adhesive. b. Piece mosened sdhesive residues into a heavy-duty impermeable trash bag or other impermeable container and seal with ties, tape or stnng and taoet "Caution -- contains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Con tainer Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to tour Health. Dispose in an approved landfill only." e. Wet vacuum standing water with the HEPA vacuum etaanec d. Continue steps a through c until emus area is eret-senped. Ramoval of residual adhesive a. Ptaea cutting sand into a container, add wreer mixed with the specified liquid dishwashing detergent (1 oz. specified liquid dishwashing detergent to one gallon ol water) to the sand to dampen. Approximately 2Q lbs. of sand to 112 gallon of water should provide a workable slurry for a 6' x 6' area. b. Start m comer of the room farthest from the entrance door. Place sand slurry on tne residual adhesive over a 6' x 6' area and remove the existing adhesive using a terrazzo floor machine. Keep send under rubbing stones when operating, the machine. The sand and the subfloor must be continuously kept wet. A WARNING ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD EXISTS. USE A GROUND FAULT CIRCUIT IN TERRUPTER FOR ANY ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS IN A WET EN VIRONMENT. c. Occasionally push away cutting sand from the subfloor w*h a wad or floor scraper to cheek lor complete ramoval. d. Adhesive around the adga of ttia room and aiaa that want missed can be romovad with dampened. dean, sharp, cutting sand and ground off with a ru&ping stona. a. Wet-scrape sand into a pile using a stiff* btaded floor or wad temper and place sand and adhesive residue in a heavy-duty im permeable container and seal with ties or taps, and label "Caution -- contains asbastos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Corv tamat Breathing Aabetooa is Hazardous tour Health. Disposa in an approvad landfill only" f. Rinse arts with claan water using a hand sprayar or spnnlding can. g* Wat vacuum standing wacar with tha HEPA vacuum deanec h. Continue stops a through g until tha sndrs room is complete. L Allow subdoor to dry and vacuum with a HEPA vacuum deanec j. Altar vacuuming, used HEPA filters and deaner bags should ba (amoved according . to manufacturer's instructions and placad in a hsavy-duty impannssbia trash bag with a labs! stating -- "Caution--contains asbastos Avoid Opening or 8rsakmg Containac Breathing Asbastos is Hazardous to tour Health. Dispose in an approved landfill only." Closa and sail tha trash bags securely lor disposal. 22 C COMPLETE REMOVAL OP WOOO 3* UNDERLAYMKNT ComplEt* Removal of Wood Undartayntant Under Existing Sheet Flooring Definitions a. Vtood Subfloor - A subfloor is selected for structural purposes and is the substrate for the underlayment. b. Wood Undeflavment - This is the smooth surface that is selected to receive the resilient floor covering. e. Wood Subfloor Undertevment Combina tion - This is tha type of construction that must most tha structural requirements as well as have a suitable surface to receive the readier* floor covering. Supplies & tools 1. ChM 2. Hammer or mallet 3. Short and long handled pry ban navvy S. Utifity or hook kniie ^ \* A StffcWaded wail or floor scraper 7. Large-size heavy-duty impermeable trash bags (or closed impermeable container) with bee. tape, or string to tie the bag shut and tags tor labeling A Tank-type High Efficiency Particulate Air l> j (HEPA) wettotv vacuum cleaner with disposable dust bags and metal floor too) (no brush) ft 9. Hand sprayer or sprinkling can p 10. A liquid dishwashing detergent which is stated to contain anionic, noninontc. and amphcxenc surfactant. Mix this specified liauid dishwashing datargent with water to make a dilute solution (IS oz. specified liquid dishwashing datergant to one gallon of water) e aj11. 6-mii potyetbytena sttaeting 12. Qua tap* IX Ground fault circuit mtarruptar tor tkrctncai connection ct the HEPA vacuum and any other atactncai connections raqutrad. Ramovai of shoot flooring ot undiriaymant Joints a. flamova any binding stnps or other restncttva motdtngs from doorways, wails, ate b. Prepara tna speafied liquid dishwashing detergent solution (16 oz. of speafied liquid dishwashing detergent to one gallon of water) and pour mto a hand sprayer or sprinkling can. & Clean tne entire floor with the HEPA vacuum cleaner using the metal floor tool, d. Starting at the doorway or a floor venal** tion vent, locate a tom m an unoerfayment board. a. Make a senes of parallel cuts 4' to 8' wide centered over the undedayment joint, through the top layer of the flooring and about halfway through the backing. Continue this procedure tor all undedayment joints over the entire floor A CAUTION RESILIENT FLOORING BECOMES SUPPERY WHEN WET WITH SPECIFIED LIQUID DISHWASHING DETERGENT SOLUTION. USE CAU TION TO CONTAIN THE SOLUTION. IN THE IMMEDIATE WORK AREA. STAND ING ON A NEW SHEET OP PLYWOOD OR NONSUP SURFACE WHILE WORK ING IS RECOMMENDED. {. One worker starts at the end of the room farthest from the entrance ano pnea up the comer of e stnp, separating the backing from tne wear tayet As the stnp is being removed, another worker sprays a constant mist of ths speafied liquid dishwashing detergent soiu* tion into the deienenebon nip point to minimize any airborne dust parades. When done property, the felt remaining on the floor 24 and on the beck of the stnp will be thoroughly wet Stand on me remaining floor cowing or dean floor (do not stand on the .felt). The cut stripe should be peered from the backing by puking or rotting around a core which wM control the stripping angle to create e uniform tension (some resilient floor ing wear layers may not be readily stnppabie and may require wet-scraping). Tie or tape the removed material securely and place in the heavy-duty impermeable trash bag or dosed impermeable container tor disposal. - g. Remove and dispose of each succeeding strip in the ebbve manner. Avoid walking on ` the exposed felt as much as oossible. Ctosa full bags flghdy, and seal securely tor disposal. Identify with a label stating: "Cau tion -- contains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Container. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to Vbur Health. Oispose in an ap proved landflfl oniy." h. Occasionally, parts of the top layer wilt stick to the backing. This can often be eliminated by peeling in the opposite direc tion. The stiff-btaded scraper may aid in the removal or peeling of the wear layer. rtsnuti hr. (1) Throughly wet the residual fett with the specified liquid dtohwashing detergent solu tion. Wait a few minutes to allow the specified liquid dishwashing detergent solu tion to soak into the fett. (2) Stand on the remaining floor covering (not the fett) and us* the stiff-btaded scraper to scrape up the wet fett. (3) Rewet the fett if the speafied liquid dishwashing detergent solution has not compietety penetrated, if drying occurs, or it dry felt is exposed during scraping. Pick up me scrapings as they are.removed from the floor and place m a heavy-duty impermeable trash bag or closed impermeable container. Wetscrape al) the fett from this 4* to 8' stnp before proceeding to remove me next stnp. (4) When mo 4* to B' strip has been cleaned free of fett, vacuum up any am using the HEPA vacuum ctaaner with the metal meet tne structural requirements u wall as haw* a sutaMa surtact to receive tha resilient Boor covering. Supplies A tools 1. Chisel 2. Hammar or malto X Short and long handled pry bars 4. Heavy gloves 5. Utility or ftooK fcruto 6. Urge-size heavy-duty impermeable trash bags (or dosed impermeable container) with baa. taoe. or string to be the bag shut and tags tor 7. Ihnk-cypa High Efficiency Particulate Air (H6PA) wattlry vacuum cleaner with disposable dust bags and metal floor tool (no brush) 8. 6-mil polyethylene sheeting 9. Commercial-type hand-held hot air blower or a radiant heat source 10. Duct tape Removal of tils at undsrtaymsm joints a. Remove any binding strips or other restric tive moldings tram doorways, webs, ate. b. Starting at tha doorway or a floor ventila tion vent, locale e pint in an undertayment board. c. Stan tha remorai of the tile at the undertayment |otm by carefully wedging the scraper in the seem of two adfoirung tiles and gradually forcing the edge of one of the alee up end away from tne ftooc Oo not break off pieces of the tile, but continue to force the balance of the bie up by working the eeraper beneath the bie and eaertmg both a forward pressure and a twwong action o< tha biad* to promote retaaaa of tha Me from tha adhasiv* and me flooc Corbnua to remove ole in this manner at all undertay ment joints unto al board joiros are esposed. d. When the first tile is removed, place it. without breaking it into smaller pieces, in the hetvyduty impermeable trash bag or closed impermeable container which win be used tor disposal. Removed tiles can be placed in empty tile canons first and than placed in me heavy-duty impermeable timsn bags, to pre vent tearing of the heavy-duty impermeable trash bag, place only one fun carton of removed tile m s bag. e. With tne removal o! the first tit*, accessibility at the other tiles improved, force me scraper under the exposed edge of another tils, and continue to exert a prying, twisting tome to the eeraper as it is mowed under the Me until the bie releases from me undertsyment Remove and dispose of seen Me in the manner above. Avoid walking on the exposed adhesive as much as possible. Oosa fun bags bgntly and seal securely tor disposal, identify with a label stating: "Cau* . bon -- contains aabostna Amid Opening or Breaking Container. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to 'tour Health. Dispose in an approved landfill only." f. Some files will release quite tasty while others requre varying degrees ol tome. Where me adhesive ie spread heavily or me Me is bonded tightly, it may prove easier to . tome the eeraper through the tightly adhered areas by striking the scraper handle with a hammac using blows of moderate tome white maintaining the scraper at a 25* to 30* angle to the .flooc g. If you encounter areas where even tne above methods wtii not remove the files, me removal procedure can be simplified by thoroughly haa&hg the tiles with a hot-air blower or a radiant heat source until me heat penettatee through the tile and softens me adhesive. NOTE: Handle the hot-air blower carefully to avoid Injury. Do not use e blowtorch or open dame. Use caution not to bum or char the tile. Uee adequate ventilation. Root* tool. Position the vacuum ctaanar so tnal the discharge air ooas not wow on tna am being cleaned. (5) Repeal atapa (1) - (4) on tha next strip. (6) Rapaat this operation until tha (ait has bash removed tram tha 4' to 8' strips ovsr all tha undsrtaynwnt joints. Close lull bags tightly and saal securely (or disposal. Idantrfy with a iaoai stating: "Caution -- contains asbastos. Avoid Opantng or Breaking Con* tainar. Breathing Asoastos is hazardous to \bur Haattn. Oisposa in an approvad landtill only." Removal of wood undartaymant boards a. Altar alHslt has baan wet-scraped (ram tha undartaymant joints, dnvs s chisal. using a hammsr or maHet, betwaan tha uncarfay* mant board and tha subfloot usa tha emsai to pry up tha undartaymant anough to insart a pry bar and ramova tha chisal. Slowty and carefully usa pry bars to pry up tha unaertaymant board a tittla at a tuna until tha board is compataiy loosa and can ba ramovad. b. Caution must ba usad to avoid breaking tna undartaymant board. Tha undartaymant board should ba ramovad in ona pwca. It tha undartaymant board breaks, cut through tha radiant flooring at tha braak and spray any exposed (sit with tha specified liquid dishwashing oatargant solution. Allow tha spacttiad liquid dishwashing oatargant solu tion to panama tor a (aw minutes, than cotv trnua lilting tha brokan undartaymant. e. Waar haavy gloves and ba careful of wood splinters and fastanare sticking out o( tha back of tha undartaymant. Each undartay mant ooard (or pieea of board) should ba removed tram tha work area aa soon as it has baan pnad up to avoid injuries (such as stepping on a nail). Fastanare protruding from removed board should ba flattened with a hammer. Place rammed undartaymant boards on skids with the neks pointing downward. Wrap skid with 6-mi polyothytane plastic sheeting and secure with duct tape. Identity with a label stating: "Caution -- contains 26 asbastos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Cor tainar. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous it tour Health. Oisposa m an approver! tanc only." d. After each panel has been removed. p: out any nails or fasteners still in the subtle Dispose of these and any other nails or fasteners which have been removed but ar stO) laying m tha work area. e. A chisal is not needed to start the remc of boards attar tha tint board has been .removed. Simply work the pry bar under tr exposed edge of the next board. t. When removal of the undertaymtnt unde the existing floor is complete, thoroughly check the exposed subfloor. Renail loose areas and reset any "popped" nails or (mantra. g. Vacuum up any dirt using me HEPA vacuum cleaner with the metal floor tool. h. After vacuuming, used HEPA fitters and cleaner bags should be removed accoramg to the manufacturer's instructions and place in a heevyduty impermeable trash bag with a label stating "Caution--contains asbestos. Amid Opening or Breaking Container. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to tour Health. Dispose in an approved landfill only.' Ooee and seal the trash bag securely for digrasai. I. After the wood subfloor is completely dry, install the new underteyment and/or floor cowing according to the manufacturer s installation instructions. Compll Removal of Wood Undetiayment Under Existing Tile Definitions a. Wood Subfloor - A subfloor is selected for structural purposes and is-the substrate for the underteyment. bu Wsod Underteyment * This is the smooth surface that is selected to receive the resilient floor covering. C. Wood Subfloor Undertavment Combination This is the type of construction that must  Removal of wood undertsyment boaids a. After afl the Mm have been removed from uw unoontymm jora* onvt 9 cpmi, usm9 a hammer a nwiet, between the underlay* mart board and aw subAoot Uaa the chisel to pry up the underteyment enough to insert a pry bar and remove the chisel. Stowrfy and carefully use. pry bars to pry up ttis underlay* mart board a ittta at a time until the board is completely Ioom and can be removed. b. Caution must be used to amid breaking the undartaymart board. The undartaymant board should be removed in one piece, if the undartaymart beard breaks, heat and cut the Me at the break, than continue to remove broken undartaymart. & Wear heavy glovM and be careful of wood splinters and faawnen sticking out of the .back of the undartaymart. Each underlaymart board (or place of board) should be removed from the work area m soon m it has been pried up to avoid injuriM (such as stopping on a nail), fasteners protruding from iwmOVfQ O09TQ mows 09 11909090 WWl 9 hammer. Plaoe removed undartaymart boards on skids with the nek pointing dowmwud. kap skid with 6-mii potyathyiona p*ttttrr 9n99Dng 9flQ 996199 WWl ous sp9r Kwntti/ with a labai stating: "Caution -- contains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Con* tamer Breathing Asbestos is Hazsrdous to Msur Health. Oisposa in an approved landfB orty." d. After each board has bean removed, puU out any nails or fasteners sat in the subhoot Dispose of these and any other naito or fasteners which have been removed but are sMI laying in the work area, a. A chisai is not needed to start the removal ot boards after the first board haa bean removed. Simpty work the pry bar under the posed edge of the neat board, f. When removrt of the underpayment under the existing floor to eomptoto. thoroughly check the exposed subfloor Renad tooea anas and reset any "popped" nails or fasteners. g. Vacuum up any dirt in the area using the HEM vacuum cleaner with the metal floor tool. h. After vacuuming, used HEM flitate and cleaner bags should be removed according to manufacturer's inatnictiona and placed in a twavyduty impermeable trash bag with a labai stating -- "Caution't-contams asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Container. Breathing Asbestos ia Hazardous u tour Health. Dispose in an approved landfill only." Com and seal the trash bags securely for **i^P**^l I. After the floor is completely dry, install the new undartaymart andlor floor covering according to die manufacturer's installation maouedons.