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/ . MONSANTO CKEr/ilCAl COMPANY ORGANIC CHEMICALS^I^S?0: V6 LINDBERGH & OLIVE STREET ROAD ST. LOUIS 24, MJSSCU,:. CHEMICAL SPECIALTIES DATA REPORT The information in this rc(>ort was rompilvd to assist you in your evaluation and development of special uses for Monsanto products. Kveiy effort has been made to include pertinent material bearing on the subject. This information is intended No. Date CS-6 March, i960 to guide your development woi k, but Monsanto cnnnol Otke part in the specific formulation or evaluation of nny finished product... since knowledge ol such should be reserved to yourseU and is often your most valuable tirade secret- (yJ^XbJoCm-T' MONSANTO AROCLOR* RESINS FOR INSECTICIDE FORMULATIONS . A Discovery A simple method of Increasing the service life of expensive lindane sprays was developed several years ago by U. S. Depart ment of Agriculture scientists at their Beltsville, Maryland, testing station. The technique was to incorporate Monsanto's "Aroclor" 5A6O, a resinous chlorinated terphenyl in the lindane solution. This pale yellow solid reduces volatility of thelindane -- slows it down to an effective, but not wasteful, evaporation rate. The result is an insecticide deposit on treated surfaces that lasts up to ten times longer than that left by straight lindane solutions'. Normally, simple solutions of lindane leave a crystalline residue that dissipates within a few weeks. On hard surfaces such as glass, metal or painted areas, the residues last only about a week. Because lindane is a well established and effec tive pesticide, U.S.D.A. researchers sought a way to improve the lasting qualities of lindane residues. Of numerous com pounds tested, "Aroclor" ^>H60 gave the best results at lowest cost. '' Test_Work A major objective of these studies was to develop a suitable formulation for application to crops and other plants. Al though results under carefully controlled conditions were quite promising, subsequent tests by other agricultural ex perimenters gave only moderate success. Consequently, interest has been slow to develop in agricuitural circles. 'Apparently, the vagaries of sunlight, weather, and plant growth represent too many variables for effective study of the formu lation residues by direct application to exposed plants. Aroclor: Reg. U. S. Pat. Off. The ihfnrm `i:m in this bulletin i*. iif----.'t.it*-, Iru nil fi,e''n.iiu'Miili',u:>- <011,n. 1111 <-e. sine- II..' <: id t'nm|)..nv l<*< I ktow'ntlirc. into and tie. ait- ir111 le without or.;: mn cmiirjl. The h.iuhlv .mur.oii in ronneelion with the u-^ ol thev* data ot vucst-slinti* Kurilirrmore. mitbiri^ contained lici-m di.dl ! construe! *- s' r-*;ui rntadiitn.il to i:v mv produci in cvnfhrl with existing jMicnti c.'vr r.t c TOWOLDMON0043629 WATER_PCB-00028098 A Mew Idea But another possibility for putting the U.S.D.A. discovery to work has lain dormant until recently; this is the possibility of using to good advantage the ability of "Aroclor" resins to make the lindane adhere to smooth hard surfaces like metal, glass, painted areas, etc. This would consist of painting or spraying "Aroclor"/llndane formulations on such areas as the inside of garbage can lids, on window screens, doorsills, the painted walls of outbuildings, dairy plants, storage areas, etc., in order to obtain lasting control of flies, ants, roaches, silverfish and other troublesome pe3ts. Suitable formulations can be readily packaged in shoe-polish type "dauber" bottles, aerosol spray cans, and bulk packages for mechanical spray application. Development of this idea is based on the following: Advantages..of Using "Aroclor" Resins in Insecticide Formulations * A suitable "Aroclor" (Monsanto makes seven) can remarkably extend the effective life of lindane and other chlorinated insecticides as much as ten times (up to 2 and 3 months). * "Aroclor" resin3 are very low in cost (around 20^/lb.). * Small quantities are sufficient (5 to 25 parts per hundred, by weight). * Formulation is extremely simple --- the resin is dissolved in a suitable solvent compatible with the Insecticide. * Stable in Inventory and in insecticide formulation. "Aroclor" resin3 are fire-resistant, non-oxldiaable, non-corrosive, withstand weather extremely well. * Non-staining "Aroclor"/lnsectlcide films formed when the solutions dry are practically invisible. "Aroclor" 5^60 has a pale yellow color as supplied. Other suitable "Aroclor" products are nearly colorless. * "Aroclor" resins are odorless -- won't impart "chemical" odors. * "Aroclor" resins are safe to handle as long as they are not volatilized and Inhaled. They are practically non-volatile at ordinary temperatures, do not irritate or sensitize normal skin. . '. . * The nature of the residue can be varied. Monsanto supplies a variety of "Aroclor" resins. These are chlorinated to various degrees and vary in physical properties as follows: Monsanto Chemical Specialties Data Report CS-6, 3/60..........Page 2 OS08817 | TOWOLDMON0043630 WATER_PCB-00028099 ' Chlorinated Terphenyls Aroolor 5460 - Yellow, transparent, friable solid (dries hard) Aroolor 5442 - Yellow, transparent, sticky semi-solid (dries tacky) Aroclor 4465 - Yellow, transparent, brittle resin (drleB sticky) Chlorinated Biphenyls Aroclor 1262 - Light yellow, sticky, viscous semi-solid (dries Bticky) Aroclor 1260 - Pale yellow, soft, sticky semi-solid (dries sticky) . Aroclor 1254 - Pale yellow, vIbcous oil (drle3 "wet") Experimental Work and Formulations The following information was derived from preliminary reports on work done by U.S.D.A. research groups. These data are not to be construed as recommendations by either the U.S.D.A. or Monsanto, but rather are Intended to serve as a guide or starting point for the development of private formulations. Fifty to 200 milligrams of lindane per square foot of surface has given good insect control on nonporous surfaces. The ratio of lindane to "Aroclor" 5460 has been varied from lsl to 1(4. For most purposes a lsl or a ls2 mixture is satisfactory. Formulations as used in the U.S.D.A. experiments ares 1) For application as a solution. Lindane "Aroclor" 5460 Carbon Tetrachloride 5 parts by weight 5 parts by weight 750 parts by weight (Carbon tetrachloride is toxic and should be handled with extreme caution. Less toxic solvents are easily obtained.) 2) For application as an emulsion. Lindane 20 parts by weight "Aroclor" 5460 20 parts by weight Yvl 100 parts by weight "Triton" X-100 3 parts by weight (available from Rohm & Haas) To obtain a stable 1$ lindane emulsion, mix 1 part by weight of the above concentrate to 13 parts by weight of water. Monsanto Chemical Specialties Data Report CS-6, 3/60..........Page 3 oboast | TOWOLDMON0043631 WATER_PCB-00028100 3) For use as a pressurized (aerosol type) spray. a) Lindane "AA nrrovnc1lori'r" 5460 Methylene chloride "Freon" 12 (DuPont) 5 parts by weight 5 parts "by weight 40 parts by weight 50 parts by weight b) Lindane "Aroclor" 5460 Cyclohexanone Ortho-dichlorobenzene "Freon" 12 (DuPont) 5 parts by weight 5 parts by weight 10 parts by weight 35 parts by weight 45 parts by weight Experlmental Results - American Roaches Using Formula 3a or 3b, the toxicant was applied onto a painted wall, depositing'about 200 mg./sq. ft. of lindane and a like amount of "Aroclor" 5460. When the toxicant coat was one month old, it gave 90-100$ kill of American roaches when the roaches contained In a petri dish were placed against the surface of the treated wall for two hours. The U.S.D.A. research team found that the llndane-"Aroclor" 5460 mixture (used at the rate of 50 mg. of actual lindane per sq. ft.) would kill 80$ of all cockroaches exposed for 2 hours to a 60-dayold treated surface. It remained lethal to 66$ of the roaches after 90 days. Regular lindane sprays used at the same rate killed only 4$ of the roaches after 60 days. Results with Houseflies Deposits of 25 mg. of lindane plus 25 mg. of "Aroclor" 5460 applied from carbon tetrachloride onto glass and aluminum (hard surfaces) gave 100$ kill of normal houseflies exposed for 2 hours to these treated surfaces after they had aged 18 weeks, the duration of the test. Without the "Aroclor" the hard surfaces treated with lindane alone were effective only about a week. A lindane plus "Aroclor" mixture sprayed as an aerosol onto leaves of a willow tree continued to kill houseflies after 2 months of outdoor weathering. Careful Inspection of the treated leaves showed that the toxicant was held firmly to the surface and notwithstanding rain and weather, the coating re mained in good condition. Also, within limits of a preliminary inspection there seemed to be no injury to the willow leaves. Monsanto Chemical Specialties Data Report CS-6, 3/60..........Page 4 O*0B81q TOWOLDMON0043632 WATER_PCB-00028101 (Notes The primary purpose of this report is to provide in formation for the development of suitable insecticide formula tions for application to "nonsensitive" surfaces such as metals, glass, paints, and other materials that will not be damaged by the application. Development of formulations for living plants requires sufficient test work to insure that the formulations will not be Injurious to the plants or their products.) Another Formulation Reported A more recent development in these experiments is the following simple formulation: "Aroolor" 5k60 25$ Lindane , 25$ . Methylethyl Ketone (MEK) 50$ Work on this was reported in the August l1!, 1951* issue of Chemical Week magazine. This simple formulation appears to be most suitable for "painted on" formulations packaged in bottles but should be used with caution in mechanical spray equipment since the MEK solvent will soften rubber and certain plastics. The formulation could also be modified easily for aerosol packaging. Since MEK evaporates rapidly, it should not seriously affect painted areas unless too heavy applications are made. The package label should include a caution to this effect. Also, MEK is flammable. Possible substitutes that are less flammable are methylchloroform or a mixture of methylchloroform and methylene chloride. ' Formulating Other Insecticides The beneficial effects of "Aroclor" 5**60 apply generally to other chlorinated insecticides including chlordane, aldrin and dieldrln, but do not apply to phosphate type insecticides such as TEPP, parathion, methylparathion, malathion and chlorothlon. **** For samples of the "Aroclor" products mentioned in this report, contact the nearest branch office (see attached list) or write to: MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY . Organic Chemicals Division Plasticizers Department 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard St. Louis 66, Missouri Monsanto Chemical Specialties Data Report CS-6, 3/60..........Page 5 0508B20 TOWOLDMON0043633 WATER_PCB-00028102 MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY Organic Chemicals Division District Sales Offices ATLANTA: 1*101 Peachtree St. N.E., Atlanta 5, Georgia BOSTON: Everett Station, Boston 49, Massachusetts CHICAGO: McGraw-Hill Building, 520 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago 11, 111. CINCINNATI: 2330 Victory Parkway, Cincinnati 6, Ohio CLEVELAND: 427 Hanna Building, Cleveland 15, Ohio DETROIT: 18230 Grand River Avenue, Detroit 23, Michigan HOUSTON: 2472 Bolsover St., P. 0. Box 6863, Houston, Texas LOS ANGELES: 6670 E. Flotilla St., Los Angeles 22, California MINNEAPOLIS: Foshay Tower, Room 515, Minneapolis 2, Minnesota NEW YORK: 445 Park Avenue, New York 22, New York PITTSBURGH: 20 Cedar Boulevard, Pittsburgh 28, Pennsylvania SAN FRANCISCO: 111 Sutter Street, San Francisco 4, California SEATTLE: 9H Western Avenue, Seattle 4, Washington SYRACUSE: 731 James Street, Syracuse 3, New York WILMINGTON: , 20Q5 Concord Pike, Fairfax, Wilmington 3, Delaware ***** LONDON: Monsanto House, 10-18 Victoria St., London S.W. 1, England MELBOURNE: 256 Flinders Street, Adelaide, Australia MONTREAL: P. 0. Box 900, Montreal 3, Canada TORONTO l83 Front St. East, Toronto 2, Ont., Canada VANCOUVER: 1550 Rand Avenue, Vancouver 14, B. C., Canada 0&08821 | TOWOLDMON0043634 WATER_PCB-00028103