Document dn2o3oqENVJY3Y7y98XRg2eE0

r CHEMICAL HYCIENE FELLOWSHIP KEY TO TOXICITY TESTS Number Name 1------Peroral, single dose to standard cats 2------Peroral, single dost co oeher animals 3-- ----Oral, subacute (usually 90 days or lass) 4---------Oral, chronic (lifetime or 2 years) 3 i Parenteral (subcutaneous, lntraperitoneal, intravenous, etc.) 6--................ -Skin Penetration, rabbits (24-hour contact under Impervious sheeting) 7------------Skin Penetration, rats (4-hour contact under impervious sheeting) 8----Skin Penetration, subacute (usually less than 90 days), 1 hour contact, 3 days per week 9--------Skin Absorption (quantitative using tagged compounds) 10------ Inhalation, single--saturated vepor et room temperature, 20 to 25*C 11------Inhalation, single--mist (at 170*C or saleeted temperature) 12-- ^------Inhalation, single--fog (aerosol of 1 to 2 micron particle sire) 13-- --- ---Inhalation, single--measured concentration (ppm or ag/liter) 14------Inhalation, subacute (usually 90 days or less, 6 or 7 hours per day, 3 days per week 13 1 ---Metabolism, animal in vivo and in vitro on either biopsy or surgical specimens -DOT Corrosive, 4-hr 17-----------Babbit Belly, irrication (singla application, uncovered) 18---- -- ' 'Rabbit Belly, irritation (4-hour, eight applications) 19---- 1 "Rabble Belly; irrittaeion via repeated application (3x daily for up co 3 days) 20------Rabble Eyelid, .irritation, to classify bland materials 21 -- - -Rabbit Cornea, volume and concentration to produce injury 22----Rabbit Cornea, injury from vapor 23 ..............--Mouse Skin Painting, for carcinogenicity 24 Rabbit Ear, chloracne formation 25------Guinea Pig, Landstainer (sensitization via intradermal or topical appli cation) 26--Human Patch Test (sensitization) 27-- --- -Organoleptic Tests 28--------- Wear Test (FDA), miscellaneous irritation and wound healing 29--Bacteriology, miscellaneous biochemical tests 30-- --,--- -- 3-Generation Reproduction and Lactation 31 -------- "Teratology 32" ---------Mutagenicity 33---------- Demyelination 34--------Cholinesterase and/or ocher Enzyme Studies 35----------Joint Action, to detect potentiation or nneidoeal response 36---------- -Literature Reviews 37------Endotracheal Icijeccion 38------Pyrolysis (identification and toxicity studies) UCC 075936 January, 1976 1 Chemical Hygiene Fellowship Carnegie-Mellon Institute of Research Carnegie-Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 13213 I I Report Pab. Satepla Book Vinyl Resin (Snulsion polyaerizea -ciut#) 1 Single Oral Dose to rets 50 al./ic*. of collision killed 0/6 Sensitization of Huaon Skin, pntch Tost (Monthly fcpt. 2-29-44) Veter dispersion dried on gauze applied to 32 subjects gave no sensitizetions 9-30-53 3959 (Replaces 3-< Vinyl Resins Card 1 Vinyl Fesins SgUUMMWW Sheeted fraai Solvent Rosin Subiects Sensitizations Card 2 Feoort Aoolied as Powder Subiects Sensitizations CS: QYMA 33 6$ trace (1) VfctCH 33 3% trace U) 23 0( vies 33 10JC trace u) 23 0( V2HH 33 6$ definite a) VXNC 33 9 trace (1) U 0( VYNS reg'l 54 10% trace (i) 10 0( VETO 33 0% trace (I) raw 53 &% trace CD 19 5% trace ( t tve/ (1) Monthly Rpt* 2-29-44; (2) Monthly Rpt - 12-31-43; (3) No report 1940, 1941 9-30-53 3960 (Replaces 3-3: Vinyl Resins UCC 075938 X.. 7inn Raains (Chloraen.) (Sp.c. nPt. 10-I29i 1947) ,'iKA And VYNW Alik* 5% In Olive oil on 2 ears, 27% response in Stage I, under oil in II end III ?-30-53 3955 (Replacea B-1252) i 1 inyl Resina Vinyl Resin OJA! Polyvinyl chloride Toxicity of pyrblysia products (Apt* 17*100; 1954) ii* Equal haaard to life can be ejected fron dispersion in an equal volume of air of products of complete pyrolysis of the following weights of resins:* fluorothe RIB 1 gran * RTS 2 grans Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) 8 grass Polyvinyl chloride Q2QU 128 grass B. Vapors lethal when Inhaled for sereral hours will result fros heating in air a sufficient aaount of resin to the following temperature: - QBU 265C. FTTH, RTS 310C. 435C. f f w it 9-15-54 4278 r Vinyl Aesin QXUk ucc 075939 o>1 16896 FROPOSEO RULES (c) The Deputy Administrator. Vet have been occupationally related. As a erinary Serum. upon request to hint, result of this notification and alter con may approve other identification systeoai sultation with the National Institute for the level from a celling of 500 ppm to 50 ppm ceiling. It was expressly recognised that t>, standard exposures u> m specific cum ad under such mull* Occupational Safety and Health a 50 ppm level was intended to be a ten tioos as be may prescribe if be deter fNlOBH). and a mint Inspection of the tative. interim standard, to be In effect mines that such systems provide the plant by 08HA. NIO0H. and the Ken ua banger than six months, during which j)fce;52Ty information to allow for trace- tucky Department of Labor, a fact-find tune the whole question of possible safe back of the swine to their herd of origin. ing hearing on powible hazards involved exposure to VC would be reconsidered Any person who wishes to submit writ with the manufacture and use of VC more fully and In the Ugbt of more in ten data, views or arguments concerning was announced on January 30. 1974 <39 formation. especially results of experi the proposed amendment may do so by FR 3974) and held on February 15. 1974. ments which were known to be under filing them with Deputy Administrator. 2. Carcinogenicity of VC. Information way at that tune. Veterinary Services. Animal and Plant produced at this hearing demonstrated 4. Additional information. On April IS. Health Inspection Service. U.S. Depart that exposure of laboratory animals 1974. information and data were pre ment o' Agriculture. Hyamville. Mary 'mostly Sprague-Dawley rata) to VC by sented to representatives of OSHA. land 20 .82 before August 12. 1974. inhalation at and below the'then current NIOSK and the EPA by the Industrial AU written submissions made pursuant 06HA standard of 500 ppm induced Bio-Test Laboratones. Northbrook. DU- to this notice will be made available for tumors, including angiosarcomas of the nois. concerning results of animal ex public inspection at the Federal Build liver. Professor Cesare MaJtoni. of the posure studies with VC. sponsored by the ing. 9505 Belcrest Road. Room 970. Institute dt Oncologia. Bologna. Italy, Manufacturing Chemlsu Association Hyattsville. Maryland 20782. during reg reported on a series of experiments on <MCA). AJthouch only preliminary m ular hours ox business <8 a.m. to 4:30 the effect of exposure of rats. mice, and nature, these results revealed that 2 out p.nv. Monday to Friday, except holidays) hamsters to VC at concentrations of of 200 mice exposed to VC concentrations in a manner convenient to the public 10.000 : 9,000: 2.500: 500 ; 250: and 50 of SO ppm for 7 hours a day. five days a business (7 CFR 1-27<b) >. ppm for varying periods of time <TR- week, for approximately 7 months, de Comments submitted should bear a 43-S3t, Some of the experiments have veloped angiosarcomas of the liver. reference to the date and page number been concluded, and others are still on The Industrial Bio-Test Lab data in of cm* issue in the Pidcml Rxotnxt. going. Tbe experimental results reported dicate that exposure to VC at 50 ppm Done at Washington. D.C.. this 7th day of Mat 1974. PmaiK A. Ckaloox. Acting Deputy Administrator. Veterinary Services. Animat and Plant Health Inspection Service. were that tumors re been observed in groups of animals exposed to VC at con centrations as low as 250 ppm. No tumors were observed in the group of animals exposed to VC at a concentration of 30 ppm. It also appears that the total num ber of tumors, as well as the numbers of angiosarcomas of the liver, decreased may well constitute a serious health hag- aid to employees. Also, the question of a safe level of exposure for humans can not be determined at tht tune. may continue as a matter for scientific de liberation for many years. Wo therefore conclude that it is now necessary to pro pose to change the 50 ppm level estab ;m OOC.7+-10M2 Piled 5-9-74,8 45 am) as the concentrations of VC were reduced lished in the CTB to as tow a level as can to 250 ppm. Another experiment by Pro be detected using methodologies outlined DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Occupational Safety and Health Administration fessor Maltonl was reported underway involving the exposure of 300 animals to VC at concentrations of 50 ppm. in order to assess in a more definitive vay .n this proposal <5> The proposed permanent standard The requirements for a complete stand ard under section 6<bi of the Occupa (29 CFR Fart 1910) I Socket OSK-Sej whether that level of exposure produces tional Safety and Health Act of 1970 tumors In animals. Data reported by are much more comprehensive than the Torkelson. Oyen and Rowe (American provisions of the J7T8 promulgated on VINYL CHLORIDE Industrial Hygiene Association J 22: 254- April 5. The following proposals are,re Fropoaod Standard l Background. Vinyl chloride 1 chloroethenej Chemical Abstracts Service Recuiry No. 75015. is a synthetic chemi cal made by oxychlormation of ethylene or by hydrochlortnatlon of acetylene, it is the parent compound of a series of n.^mopiasuc resin polymers and cop. ymert which are widely used for conturners. wrapping film electrical insula tion. pipe, conduit, and a variety of other products. Vtnyl chloride has been made commercially in this country since 1939 and present production is in excess of seven billion pounds per year. Vtnyl chloride *VC> is a gas at ambi'-nt temperature and pressure and Is a ch.onnated hydrocarbon which has moderate liver toxicity. The previous standard set a ceiling value of 500 porta pe' million 1 ppm > 29 CFR 1910.93. Table O-l'. On January 22. 1974. the Occupational Safety and Health Administration 'OSHA) was informed by the National institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NXOSH) that the B. F. Good rich Chemical Company reported that deaths of several of its employees from 381 U9l>> indicate that exposure to VC at concentrations of SO ppm failed to induce tumor* in rata, hamsters, rabbits, and dogs. The employees of the B. F. Goodrich Chemical Company who died from angio sarcoma of the liver had an average ex posure of approximately 19 yean to vinyl chloride, at unknown concentration.*, and variable exposures to other volatile chemicals. iTlt 33*. Some employer* cl Union Carbide, Ftresionc Tire and H:;jber. and Goodyear were aho reported in post-heanng comments to have had ex posure to vinyl chionde and to have died from angiosarcoma of the liver finally, autopsies -f four deceased employees re vealed their uver angiosarcoma tumor* were histologically indistinguishable from me angiosarcoma tumors observed in Professor Maltom* experimental animals. 3. The Emergency Temporary Stand ard. On the basis of all information available at (hat tune, and the fact that employees were being exposed at levels around the experimentally observed ef fect level of 250 ppm, an Emergency Temporary Standard <ETS> was promul gated on April 5. 1974 <39 FR 12342) as sponsive to the additional information on the carcinogenicity of VC, and the requirements of the Act. A. Level of exposure. The proposed standard (or employ** -xpasure ut set at no detectable levt*. at determined by a sampling and analytical method capable of detecting vinyl chloride at concentra tions of l ppm with an accuracy of J ppm 50 percent. Although more sensi tive methods may be available now or u. me tuiurc. the methodological sensilivir. proposed appears to be the most feasible and generally available A method of i ppm sensitivity has been recommended to OSHA by NIOSK. To minimize the number of persons at risk, a require ment would be established for regulating aicas alicro vmvl chloride is manufac tured. reacted, stored, handled, released, repackaged, or used, including opera tions with polyvinyl chionde containing delectable levels of vinyl chionde. Access to the areas would be limited to author ized employee*. B. Monuonnp. A program of monitor ing would be required to establish whether there are detectable levels in regulated areas and to permit determina tion of employee expaeure* on an In a rare IK*r cancer 'angiosarcoma) may 29 CFR 1910.931) This standard reduced dividual basis. Provision would also be FtDCSAk MOUTH, VOl. Jf. HO. tl--MIOAY MAV 10, IVM ' '4 UCC 075940 PROPOSED RULES 16897 made for aa opportunity to obaerve monitoring by employees or their daaignoted representatives. m required by sec tion 9fc> (3) of the Act C. Control methods. Where detectable levela of VC are monitored, two programs would be triggered: an engineering and work practice program to reduce levels belo* detectability; and while this is on-going. a respiratory protection pro gram for employer* in the regulated area. Engineering controls and work prac tices are favored methods of compliance because they tend to avoid contamina tion of the ambient air in the workplace. Accordingly, it is proposed to require the institution of engineering controls and of workpractlee methods as soon as feasi ble. end to require the use of respirators pending the institution of such controls, to supplement such controls where they are insufficient to reduce concentrations of vinyl chloride below the detectable level, in specified work situations, and In cases of emergency. The proposal for continuous flow and pressure demand types of respirators la based on the rec ommendations of NIOSH. which has ob served leakage through chemical car tridge respirators at high concentrations of VC. A requirement would also be estab lished for the provision and use of pro tective clothing for employees in the reg ulated areas. The protective clothing would mmlauze skin contact wish VC vapor, and would provide some measure of protection from splash of liquid in the event of a spill or rupture of equip ment. Pood, beverages, and like products would be prohibited in the regulated area. Written operational and emergency plans would be required, along with em ployee training in routine and emergency duties. Specific requirements would be established for emergency actions and for routine maintenance and decontami nation operations, including vessel entry, which are known to present particular hazards. The purposes of operational and emer gency plans end training are to apprise employees of the hazards to which they may be exposed, ot the precautions they must take to avoid such hazards, and to rehearse employees in the procedures they must follow m emergencies D .Wedtcal surveillance. Comprehen sive requirement* for employee medn-al examinations are proposed, including necessary tesu. Some additional guid ance is included for the convenience of physicians. The proposed requirement* have boon recommended to OSHA by NIOSH as reasonably appropriate to de tect liver dysfunction which may be .11dicatlve of. or predisposing to. the de velopment of liver angiosarcomas. . Record! and reports. Records of monitoring, medical examinations, and entry to regulated areas are proponed, with prevision for access by appropriate OSHA and NIOSH officials Specu.c prov isioru lor employee access to monitoring records are included, as well as the re quirement to furnish a copy ol a medical record to an cm itoyee's physician on tie employee's request. *?*-**!>**'--"**** eoaducting VC operations would be required to Identify themselves to OSHA. and to report incidents < accidents) resulting in the release of vinyl chloride. Accordingly, cureuaat to sections 8(h). 9<o, and 9(e of the Occupnttoral Safety and Hea th Act of 1979 <94 SfaU. 1593. ISM. 1599: 3IU3.C. 855. 8571. Sec retary of Labor';: Order Ho. 13-71 38 I'R 8794) and 29 Ct'R Part 1911. it U here by proposed to iznend 29 CPR Part 1910 by revising f 19:0.93q es set forth below. Written data views, and argunecta concerning the iroposals may be mailed to the Docket Officer. Docket OHK-D9. Room 230, 1728 M Street. N.W.. Occupa tional Safety and Health Admuiistration. Washington, DC. 20210, patmarked not late ` than June 10.1914. Pursuant to 19 CPR 1911.11 (M end 10. interested oersons may file objec tions to the pro mala. requesting an in formal hearing with respect thereto, in accordance with the following concitiona. Mi The objections must include tie name and address of the objector 2> The objections must be patmarked on or before June 10.1974: 131 The objections must specify tie provisions of the proposed rule to which objection Is taken, and must state lie grounds therefoi: <*> Eacn objection must be separately stated and numlwred: and 15> The obje:tions must be secori- panted by a summary of the evidence proposed to be adduced at the request*! hearing. As revised, f 1910.93q would read u follows: 1010.03.' Vi,,I Chloride, ia> Scope ant application. >1: IT.is section applies 10 any area or operation in which vinyl :hloride ichloroetnene. Chemical Abstrrcta Service Registry bo. 79015. is manufactured, reacted, re leased. repackaged, stored, or used, iicludins areas and operations involving polyvinyl chloiide where deuctatle levels of vinyl c Uonde are reli iw-d. 12 Thu section does not apply to t te tuuidling or use of fabricated pradurts made entirely <>r in part of polyvinyl chloride. >b> Definitions. '1> "Assistant Secre tary' means the- Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Healtn. <J S. Oei>artment of Labor or t is designee. Z< 'Authorized employee ' met.ns :>n employee whose duties require hint to >e in the reeulated area and who has be*si specifically asst tried by the employer: and any employee who enters such nn area as a designated representative of employees to ex:r*se an opportunity to observe monito ing and measuring ot vinyl chloride. ' 3 * Closed container" means; any container which prevents the release of vinyl chloride to the environment. <4< Coniamliated" means cijiatie of releasing a detectable level of vinyl chloride (5> '`Decontamination'* means reduc tion of vinyl chloride concentrations to less than detectable levels. <6) "Detectable level" means an air borne concentration of vinyl chloride measurable by a sampling and analytical method capable of measuring concentra tions of 1 ppm. with an accuracy of 1 ppm5:50 percent. (7> "Director" means the Director, Na tional Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, or any person directed by him *. the Secretary of Health. Educa tion. and Welfare to aet for the Director 48) "Emergency" means tn unforsien circumstance or set of circumstances, re sulting in the release of vinyl chloride into areas occupied by employees. <9> "Exposure" means actual contact with vinyl chloride when unprotected b. required personal protective equipment andc.oihme. 110 "Fabricated product" means a finished product or port of such product, made of polyvinyl chloride, entirely or In part, including semifinished products such .is film, sheet, block, bar. or extru sion s^ock. ill* "OSHA Area Director ' means the Director for the Occupational Safety and HealLi Administration Area Offlca hav ing jurisdiction over the geographic area in which the establishment is located. 112 "Polyvinyl chloride" means poly vinyl chloride homepolymer or copol ymer before such is converted to a fab ricated product. *13' "Protective clothing" means clothing protective against vinvl chlo ride '14* "Vinyl chloride" means vin>l chloride monomer. (151 "Waste resin' means any resin or oilier reaction products removed in the cleaning of equipment, such as tea sels and piping. Reference College of American i'athologtsts. 230 N Michigan Av- Chicago. Illinois 80801 Reouleted areas < l A regulated area `hall be established where 11 > vinyl chloride is manufactured, reacted, re* leasee rmnrknced. stored, or used, or ii' pnlviui.i chloride canable o[ releisure detectable levels of vinvl chlnds n manufactured, reacted, released, repackaged, stored, or used. 12` Access to regulated areas shnll be limned to authorized employees <3> A daily roster of employees enter ing regulated areas ;hall made and maintained. The rosters, or summaries thereof shall be keit for at least 2d years < Monttoetna >J> Every reguJinrd area >h-li be monitored for detectaple levels of vinyl chloride. 12 The monitonn; shall assure that any exposure may be determined for each authorized employee with a confi dence level of 95 percent. 131 Employees or their designated rep resentatives shall be afforded an oppor tunity to observe monitoring and measur ing required by this paragraph. ii< Where exercise of an opportunity requires entry to an area where the use no. a--n. i- te HDiiAi iccimt. vol 3", ho. *>---nioar, jmat 10. ms 16896 PROPOSED RULES ot protective clothing. equipment, fa- '2> There shall be tests made for j< Emergency silttolione. (1) A writ or procedure* is required, web process or equipment leaks and for emls- ten operational plea for emergency .)*>>* equipment. feclliuea. sod pro- of vinyl chloride which may result situations shah be developed for each gyjiji-M h.n be provided to ell persons from workpractlces. The frequency of regulated area. entitled to *w>|" the opportunity. U no thett tests shall be inch m to tniure the i2) In the event of an emergney. ap coat to ear of (beat. Integrity of equipment and adherence to propriate portions of the plan shah be ill) Persons exercising the opportu proper workpractlces. put into operation. nity shea be instructed regarding: rg) Respiratory protection. < 1 > A res M) Hazardr-u conditions created by (A> The toxicity and Ore hazard of piratory protection program In accord the emergency shah be eUminaied and nnyl chloride: and ance with | 1910.134 shall be established the affected area shall be decontami iB) The protective seeps and measures and implemented where respirators are nated prior to the resumption of normal necessary for their protection. < ui Observers shall be permitted, without interference to the penone per forming the monitoring and measuring, to: (A) Observe ell steps and procedures related to the collecting, protesting, and evaluation >f particular monitoring and measurement samples: (B> Record quantities and results obtained: <C> Observe the condition of monitor- in ~ and measuring equipment: required to be used by this section. i2> Respirators shah be used only In cases of emergency and where required by any other provision of this section. Respirators may not be used In lieu of feasible engineering controls or workpractice methods. (3) Respirators or combinations of respirators for protection against vinyl chlcrtde shah be selected frpm among the following: 11> a positive pressure full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus; <U> A premure-demand full facepiece operations, >li) Special medical surveillance by a physician shall be Instituted within 24. hours for employees present in the af fected area at the time of the emergency. ill) Where an employee has a known contact with liquid vinyl chloride such employee shall be required to shower as soon as possible, unleas contraindicated by physical injuries. dv> An incident report on the emer gency shall be reported a* required in paragraph <q>t2> of this section. (3) Each authorised employee shau <D> Receive a demonstration of the self-contained breathing apparatus op be trained in a program relating to the calibration and function tests of the erating la the t eure-demand mode: hazards of vinyl chloride and the pre monitoring and measuring equipment Oil) A combination type *C*` pressure- cautions for safe use. performed on sue: and demand full facepiece respirator oper M) The program shall include: <) Examine instructions and docu ating in the prmsure-demand mode and ments related to the procedures and a pressure-demand self-contained equipment for monitoring and measur breathing apparatus operating In the ing. pressure-demand mode; or <4> Accurate and complete records of <iv) A combination type "CT' continu all required monitoring shall he made ous flow respirator and a pressure- and maintained for not less than 20 demand seif-contained breathing ap years. Such a record shall <t> state the paratus operating in the pressure-de date of such monitoring and the levels mand mode. determined: and (11) identify the instru ments and methods used. <h) protccriee clothing, (l) Employees entering regulated areas shall be pro- <n Engineering controls and work* -vlded full-body protective clothing, toot- practice methods. <1> Where detectable wear or shoe covers, and gloves, at no levels of vinyl chloride are measured, cost to them, and required to wear it immediate protection shall be provided while in the regulated are*. against exposure to vinyl chloride by the (3) Where polyvinyl chloride powder use of engineering controls, workpraeuee containing detectable levels of vinyl methods, and respirators as follows: chloride is handled, employees shall M' Feasible engineering controls and also be; vorkpractlee methods shall Immediately be used to reduce airborne concentra tions of vinrt chloride below the detect able level: 'll) Wherever feasible engineering - introls r.d workpractlce methods which eon be Instituted immediately are not sufficient to reduce concentrations of U) Provided and required to wear headcoverings: Ml) Required to remove ah protective elothlng at each exit from the regulated area: and < til) Required to shower after the last exit of the day. vinyl chloride below the detectable level, '3) Clean protective clothing haU be they shall nonetheless be used to reduce provided whenever contaminated or the concentrations to the lowest prac ticable level, and shall be supplemented by means of respirators in accordance *Ui paragraph <g> of this section: soiled, but not less frequently than weekly. Contaminated clothing shall be decontarMneted before reuse by removal for Izuniering or disposal. <iu> Wherever no feasible engineering Mj Hygiene facilities and practice* control or workpractlce method can be (1) Where employees are required by Instituted immediately, immediate res- this section to wear protective clothing {..calory protection shall be provided m and equipment, change rooms shah accordance with paragraph <g> of this be provided in Accordance with section: and 1 1910.141(e). (A) TTie nature of the fire hazard, and the neceuary protective steps: <B) The nature of the toxic hazard, ineluding local and systemic effect*, acute and chronic affects including specifically the carcinogenic hazard; (C).The specific nature of operations which could result in exposure to vinyl chloride, and necessary protective steps: <D) The purpose for and application of the medical surveillance program; *E> The purpose for and application of decontamination practices: i Ft The purpose for and significance of emergency practices and procedures; (Q> The employee's specific role under normal operating or emergency condi tions: <H> Specific Information to aid the employee m recognition sod evaluation of conditions and situations which may result in the release of vinyl chloride: 'fi The purpose for and application of specific first aid procedures end practlcee: J'i A review of this standard at the employee s first training and indoctri nation program and annually thereafter. <11) Ail materials relating to the pro gram shah be provided upon request to authorized representatives of the Assist ant Secretary and the Director. <k> glens and labels. (1> Entrances to regulated areas shall be posted- with signs bearing the legend: CANcat-suspect agctt area authorized potsomm. ONLY <2) Anas containing operations cov ered tn paragraph <k> < 1) <4) of this sec mv) In any case covered by paragraph rf)'l) <u) or <U1> of this section, the <2* Where employees are required by this section to shower, shower facilities tion shall be posted with signs bearing the legend: employer shell also undertake as soon as shall be provided in accordance with CAI4CBI-SU8FVCT AOBUT Of THIS AREA practicable a program to reduct airborne f 1910.141(d) <3*. run. UCPCRVTOOS AOt-eurPUED EQUIP. concentrations of vinyl chloride below <3> Storage or consumption of food the detectable level, or to the greatest or beverages, storage or use of smoking MBIT MQUIRSD AUTBORgp FOMOHWB, OHLT extent : ulble, solely by means of entl- or non-food chewing products, and the >3) containers of waste or other ma o<*ertnr controls and worirpractlce meth storage oe application of cosmetics are terials contaminated with vinyl chloride ods and as soon as feasible. prohibited tn regulated areas. shall be labeled: IfbtlAl MGim* VOL 34. HO 43--fttDAV, MAT l. 1474 PROPOSED RULES 16899 VINYL CHLOlUDE CONTAMINATED MATERIAL CANCER-SUSPECT AOENT DISPOSE OP OR OBCONTAMINAT* USfNO ACTHOUZD PMCEDUUI (4) Containers of polyvinyl chloride iwtiWtny detectable levels of vinyl chloride shall be Labeled: POLYVINYL CHLORIDE CONTAINS VINYL CHLORIDE VTNTL CHLORIDE IS A CANCBR-SUPPECT AOENT Awacnwrr st breathzno and THROCOH SHIN <S> Containers of vinyl chloride shall be labeled: vwn CHLORIDE DANGER EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE ClAS UNDER PRESSURE MAY POLYMERIZE WITH EXPLOSIVE FORCE POISON CANCER SUSPECT AOENT AND ANESTHETIC ABSORBED BY BREATHING AND THROUOH SKIM (> No statement shall appear on or near any required sign. label or instruc tion. which contradicts or detracts from the effect of any required warmot. in formation or instruction. (13 Maintenance and decontamina tion. <li Emphasis shall be placed upon immediate dean up of spills, periodic in spection. prompt repair of equipment and leads, and proper handling, storage and disposal or decontamination of materials to prevent suborne contamination and accidental contact with vinyl chl^ ride. Waste materials, equipment, and other sources of vinyl chloride in closed containers, may not be placed in areas of excessive temperature or sunUsht since build-up of internal pressure may result m rupture of the container. Are or explosion. (2) waste resins or other materials contaminated with vinyl chloride shall be placed in closed containers pending dis posal or decontamination. (31 Appropriate procedures shall be developed uid implemented for the de contamination or disposal of all su:h waste material. 4 41 in maintenance or repair opera tions on contaminated--systems or equipment, including vessel entry, em ployees engaged in such operations shall be <li provided with and required to wear and use a whole-body air-cupplied suit impervious to vinyl chloride, and s respirator in accordance with paragraph (gi of this section: and ML required to shower after removing protective equip ment. <S) Protective clothing and equipment shall be clean and dry for each use. <s> when vessels or piping systems ore opened Local exhaust ventilation shall be provided to remove the escaping vapor from all occupied areas. ill rn Vessels to be entered shall ffist be ventilated and monitored so that tie concentration of vinyl chloride Is reduced to a level within the protection factor capability of the protective equipment. di> When vewels are to be entered, all piping to such vessel shall be: (A) Opened, blanked and tagged: or <B> Where waded piping is m me. nut less than 2 valve i In series, which laola o the vessel from .my other connection m such line, must I* cloved and secured. <lll) No employee than enter a vessel, except when sue tner employee proper y trained and equipped for entry Is pres ent and is observing the employee n tie vessel. The observer shall have means for signalling for help In the event ti e employee experience* problems. Under such conditions, the observer shall i> nal for help, and shall not enter to ssi iiit the employee until another person a present to obeen e. <m> Transportation loading and un loading. (l> 7^:111ties for the losdlrg and of vinyl chloride ta acd from containers hall have each transfix line and vapor-equalizing line equipped with vent connections, and shall have an Inert gas pui-glng system. Vent and purge eiliuent sht 11 be returned to a pror ess stream or fla ed in a safe location. i2> Procedure.i shall be developed and Implemented foi the transfer of rin;'l chloride. Written copies of such proci- dures shall be provided employee* en gaged in such derations, and suc.1 em ployees shall be fully trained and re hearsed tn all procedures. <3> Employees engaged in transfer og- erations shall provided with and required to weei respirators In accorc- ance with paragiaph ig> of this section. <n) Polvmer handling operations. <]) Containers of pc Lyvinyl chloride releai ins detectable lsvelt of vinyl chloric e shall be opened and transferred only under local exhaust ventilation which reduces the concsntntloQ of vinyl chJtrtde below the de actable level. <2> Hot operations, such as but not limited to muitrg, calendering and ex truding. which release detectable leves of vinyl chloride, shall be carried on only under local exhaust ventilation which reduces the concentration of vmyl chic- nde below the de.ectable level. io> Medical :urt>cil(ancr. Not laur than 1974, a vrocram of medical surv illlance shall be inst tuted. and shall irovtde each authorized employee with in opportunity for ex aminations in set ordance with this pars graph. All med cal examinations and procedure* shal be performed by <r under the supt rvislon of s licensed Doctor of Medic ne iMD> or Doctor cf Osteopathy iDO . Ail medical examina tions and tests shall be provided withoit co*. to the emplo . <1) At the tlms of Initial employ non., or upon Institute n of sereening, a c hysi cal examination hall be performed wit x specific attention to detecting enlarge ment of liver v >pleen by abdomlnil palpatton. i2> At the time 5/ Initial employment or upon tnstltuth-n of screening, and an nually thereofUr. a medical hztorr checklist shall br completed by the em ployee. This list shall include questions concerning: < > Alconol intake: <Ui Past history of hepatitis: <iil> Past exposure to potential heps- totoxti: agents, including drop and chemicals; <lv) Past history of blood tranaf't- sions: (Vi Past history of hospitalizations. O) At the time of initial employment, or upen institution of screening, a senun specimen shall be obtained for screening with respect to the following blo-chemical determinations of liver function: <l) Total bilirubin; fill Alkaline phosphatase: (111) Serum glutamic oxalaceue trans aminase (SOOT): dv> Serum glutamic pyruvic trans aminase (SOFT): and <v) Gamma glustamyl transpeptidase (OOTP). <4) Additional tests that may option ally be considered for use In screening include: (1) Lactic dehydrogenase; 'il> Serum prowin determinations: din Serum protein electrophoresis; and <iv> Platelet count. (^Laboratory analyses for all biologi cal specimens included tn medical exam inations shall be performed In labora tories accredited by the College of American Pathologists or licensed under 43 CFR Part 74. <S> U the results of screening required In paragraph <o> O) of this section are normal, screening shall be repeated: m Every six months for employees who have been employed in vinyl 'iilo- ride related operations for 10 yesrs or more: and ill) Annually for all other employees entering regulated areas. (?) If one or more liver function tests performed are abnormal, serum 'estmg shall be repeated as soon as possible, preferably within two to four weeks. If no abnormalities are present upon resereening. serum tertlng shall be repeatec in three months, 'ft> ff abnormalities persist upon re- screening, the employee shall be with drawn from areas where contact with vmyl c blonde is possible, and an individ ualized medical workshop shall be in stituted. Suggested as In'tlal steps are a complete physical examination and vari ous special procedures such as hepatitis B antigen determination ard liver scan ning. rf liver function abnormalities are determined to be unrelated to liver dis ease. the employee may be permitted to return to vinyl chloride-related employ ment. subject to individual medical evaluation. (9) A complete and accurate record of the results of medical examinations sbr U be made and maintained for the dura tion of employment plus five years, or for 20 years, whichever Is longer. (pi Accords, (t) Records of monitor ing and measuring, medical records, and regulated area entry rosters and sum maries. shall be made available for ex<unlnaJon and copying upon request to authorized representatives of the Assist ant Secretary and the Director. KOMAI IKIITU. VOi. 30 MO. tl--NHOAV, xUV 10. 1*T4 16900 HOPOStt IMIS (2) In the nu that the employer chin to da botlBM ud Uun ta no wc* emaor to neon* and retain his record* for the prescribed period, (twee records shall be transmitted by registered noli io die Director, ud each employee indi vidually notified m writing or this trentier. 3) Employees and their designated uprasantamas shall be provided access to and copy record* o! monjiortn* and measuring. 4* Former employees shall be pro vide acces to examawand copy records reflecting their own exponim. <5) Upon written request of any em ployee. a copy of the medical record of such employee shall be furnished to a physician designated by the employee in .- jeh request. >qi Reports. >1) Mot later than_____ _ ______ the following informstwn shall be reported to the OSHA Area Director. Any change ut such information shall be reported to the OSHA Area Director within IS days of such change. ii> The address and location of each establishment which has one or more regulated areas; ud 'ill The number of employees in each regulated area during normal operations, including maintenance. 12) Incidents which result In the release of \*lnyl chloride into any area where employees may be exposed shall be reported tn accordance with this para graph. ii/ A report of the occurrence of the incident ud the tacts obtainable at that time including a report on any medical treatment of affected employees shall be made within 24 hours to the OSHA Area Director. <U) A written report shall bellied with the OSHA Area Director within 11 calendar days thereafter ud shall in clude: 1 ai a specification of the amount of .Titenal released: < 8 > A description of the area involved and the extent of known ud potential employee exposure and area affected: 'C< A report on any medical treat ment of affected employees and any medical surveillance program imple mented: and <D> An analysis of the circumstances of the incident, ud measures taken or to be taken, with specific completion dates, to avoid further similar releases. 13 > Upon completion of any aicnitortng and measuring which discloses that uy employee haa actually been exposed to detectable levels of vinyl cnionde. each such employee shall be individually noti fied in wnunc. The notice shall: 'ii Be delivered not later than Id working days after completion of the monitoring ud measuring: ` ii > Stale the actual exposure in terms of concentration and time: and Min State the steps which have been taken, are being taken, and will be taken, with specific completion dates, to termi nate .' exposure and prevent a recur rence Hm Sib), #<>. m4 s<e>, as Met. isos. LIBaMbo. r]s*Moeo(aPrSisU*.AiOa.-nSS(*.NSiTf>t:mS--i)M) Afi g Signed at Washington. D C. this 9tb day of May. 1974. Jon Bisns. Assistant Secretary of Labor. (PR DdeT4-l074S POM S-4-74:S:e M| DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Aviation Administration [ M cm Iart23) [Docket Me. ISOM: Metlee 14-i#| TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Type A Pksesnfsr Emergency Exit Capacity The FAA is considering rule to revise the passenger seating configura tion it that is applicable to Type A exits on transport category airplanes. Sections 25.807(c) <2) and <8i o< the Federal Aviation Regulations <FARs> currently provide that for each pair of Type A exits < listing of one on each side of the fueuiage) the airslane may have a maximum passenger seating con figuration of 100. ITUs advance notice of proposed rule making is being issued In secordance with the PAA's policy for early institu tion of public proceedings In actions re lated to rule making. An "advance" no tice is issued to invite early public par ticipation in the identification and se lection of a course or alternate courses of action with respect to a particular rule making problem. interested persons are invited to par ticipate In the rule making by submitting such written data. news, or arguments aa they may desire. Communications should identify the regulatory docket or natlee number and be submitted tn duplicate to: Federal Aviation Administration. Of fice of the Chief Counsel. Attention: Rulea Docket. AOC-24. 800 Independence Avenue. 3W,, Washington. DC 20991. Communications should be received on or before July 9. 1974. to assure proper consideration. All comments submitted will be available, both before and after the c.oamg dace lor commcnLv for ex amination py interested persons. The-regulatory provisions relating to Type A exits that are contained in | 25 807 of the Federal Aviation Regulations were adopted by Amendment 25-15. ef fective October 24. 1967. That amend ment _lso established the provision, in I 25 603*0. that manufacturers show by demonstration that the maximum seat ing capacity of an airplane having a ca pacity Of more than 44 passengers can be evacuated to the ground witiun so second* under conditions prescribed m the regulation. As discussed m the pre amble to Amendment 25-15. the allow able passenger seating limit of 100 that was established for each pair of Type A exists was less than the evacuation ca pacity that had been demonstrated by tost. As a reault of receiving data sad Information tending to indicate that some of the considerations leading to the rnssaniM "riPr**"" may no longer be sptfteaMg, the PAA boa iny*wrttri k nvutatagy study prelect to reevaluate the HmltiBan. The study will Itmlude the factors originally considered in satabitohtac the ihniiaMac as wtQ at say other factors found to bo peranmit. Those factors originally uonetdared Include per tinent even .Son torts end demonstra tion*. exterior slides, the umber, loca tion. and arte of aisles and paaageways. and evacuation system reliability. Data available to the FAA on in-serv ice mcuaUcns- afide deployments, and evacuation demonstrations indicate that more than 100 passengers have been evacuated through a Type A exit within 90 seconds. The data further indicate that Type a exit systems may have higher in-service rettabtUty than was an ticipated at the time the Umltaden was established In the regulations. However, the FAA believes it la Important to re view all relevant data on safety and cost considerattorn that may be applicable to sny proposed change in the Type A exit paasenrer Mating limitation. To this end. the FAA solicits data, views, and argu ments from all Interested persons on the duestton* set forth below Data support ing an answer should be submitted or identified suSetemiy that the PAA may obtain or develop it, 1. Ih the data available on evacuation tests and in-service incidents that relate to the evacuation capacity of Type A exits under emergency conditions indi cate that the 100 peeeenger limitation* may safely be increased ? 2. What reliability has been demon strated for Type A exit syiteiru by serv ice experience end-tests? 3. What relationships may be nub* lished between reliability and passenger emergency evacuation capability of Tvpc A exits? 4. How would the emergency evacua tion capability of Tyne A exits be af fected by specific increases tn passenger seating capacity and by specific passen ger seating configuration considerations'' 5 If there are other factors that should be considered, how should the rel evant data be related to the emergency evacuation capability of T* A exits'* If the commentator recommend.' specific passenger capacities for consid eration. what economic and safety bene fits or penalties would be associated tth them? Issued in Washington. D C. on Unv L\ 1974 C R MficetN, Jr . Acting Director. Flight Standards Service. i re. D 14-ttnsi viwe s-?* s *s m \ ( 14 CFR Pert ] (Doekvt Mo. -74-OTV-4-ASI airworthiness directives Seeing Made* 7J7-100/200 Series Abgleneg The Federal Aviation iflmlnletratlin Is considering amending Part 39 of the stMSat tfcitrts. vot jv, mo *?--mioat mat io, 1474