Document daE7mvqKXvvx0rXY6oBzxR78G

FILE NAME: Asbestos Cement Pipe and Sheet (ACPS) DATE: 1953 DOC#: ACPS005 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Excerpts - Proceedings of the International Conference of Experts on Pneumoconiois - Belgium, Czechoslavkia, France & Italy % * ; ty<?/ s r . INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANISATION If THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE; OF EXPERTS ON PNEUMOCONIOSIS SYDNEY FEBRUARY-MARCH 1950 RECORD OF. PROCEEDINGS Volume 1 . INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE GENEVA . 1953 I c: - 325 INDEX (The volume is indicated by the roman numeral) Abrasive manufacturing, I, 21 Asbestosis (contd.) - Abrasive powers, I, 171 and tuberculosis, I, 27, Abrasives, artificial 29, 32, 38 sie Carborundum, Corundum, definition of, II, 238, Shaver's disease Actinomycosis, II, 61 245 See also Pneumoconiosis Adrenalin test, I, 44, 45; diagnosis of, I, 61 II, 30, 33 Adrenalin, Treatment by, I, experimental, I, 27, 39 particle size, I, 27, 39, 116 ' 78; II, 190 Agenda of the Conference, I, if pathology of, I, 181; 4-5, 124 H , 69 \Cb Alberta, compensation in, II, with silicosis, .117 60 '223-225 See also under N etherlands, Agglutination test, in detection Quebec"United Kingdom,-- _- of tuberculosis, I, 63 Allergy, I, 300-3 0 1 , 318 . Aluminium, grinding of, I, 33, United States " Asthffia7-U 7 - 577-68, 318; II, 290 ?- 34 Attack rate, I, 37, 55 Aluminium industry, pulmonary Australia disease in, standardisation of radio See under Germany, Sweden, logical technique in, United Kingdom Aluminium, use of in silicosis I, 69 See also New South Wales, for prevention, I, 27, 29, Queensland, Tasmania, 32, 125, 296-297; II, Western Australia 140-145 - ' for treatment, I, 29-30, 32, 33, 115-116, 125, 297-298 possible harmful effects of, Bacteriological examination, I, 29-30, 33, 34-35, 125, I, 60, 63, 64 298; II, 11-12 Bagassosis, I, 8, 316-317; Alveolar ventilation, II, 29 II, 68 Ankylostomiasis, I, 17, 189 Bagging of dusty substances, Anthracite mines, I, 10, 11, 143, 148 Anthraco-silicosis See-Coalminers' pneumocon I, 283 Basalt, I, 38 Bauxite, I, 24, 77, 310, 311 B.C.G. treatment, I, 117, iosis 136-137 Antispasrnodics, treatment by, Belgium . I, 115, 116 change of employment in, Arborisation, generalised, I, I, 272-278 . :, 55, 57, 58 stocis ' coalmines, nature of, I, 285 compensation in, I, 280-231; pulmonary II, 219-222 29, 61, 301 l6. (l) Whenever a medical officer-- reports in I writing to the Minister that a mine worker named in such 1 report is or in the suffering from silicosis advanced stage, but that either in the early the mine worker is not I j suffering from tuberculosis the Minister.shall by notice r in the prescribed form notify such mine porker accordingly1 ' Belgium _ \ Order of the Regent of 11 February Monlteur beige, ^ 19*4-6 to approve Parts I and II of the April 19^-6, p. 3^7^. \ General Labour Protection Regulations, April 19^-6, I as amended by the Ministerial Order of 21 May 19^6 ' - . # p. 3135. and 2*4--25 \ June 19^6, p. 5^09 t t Part II. General Provisions Governing . Industrial Hygiene and the Safety ; and Health of the Workers ' Chapter III. Provisions Governing - * the Health of the Workers / . - - ' \ 105. Health control, within the limitations and con ditions specified In the following articles, shall include: (1) initial medical examination, before admission to employment; (2) -periodical examinations, following initial exam- inatlon, in the case of young persons less than . 21 years of age; - , (3 ) medical examinations for the detection of occu- pational diseases in the case of workers exposed to such diseases. ... . 107. The following shall undergo initial medical examination: . . . - - * (a) all young persons of both sexes under 21 years of age applying for any employment in an estab lishment referred to in Article 28 of these Regulations;. (b) all persons of both sexes aged 21 or over apply ing for any employment in the said establishments for which they will thereafter have to undergo periodical medical examination for the detection of occupational diseases as laid down in Article 118 of these Regulations; - 99- (c) all persons of both Bexes Irrespective of age . who, in the same establishment, give up work ' not subject to the provisions of Article 118 . below concerning medical examination for the . detection of occupational diseases, to takejup other work which will make them subject to ^uch I examination. * i ' } 110. The initial medical examinations shall Include at least: ... 111. In the case of young persons of both sexes under 21 years of age, the examining physician shall order, as an addition to the clinical investigations prescribed in the preceding Article and with the object of preventing pulmonary tuberculosis, an X-ray examination of the chest, unless such examination has been carried out within the preceding twelve months and its results are known to him. ... i This X-ray examination shall take place before a d - V mission to employment or at the latest within three months following the date of engagement. 113 All young persons of both sexes under 21 years of age engaged in any work in an establishment referred to in Article 28 of these Regulations shall be subjected to periodical medical examinations. In the case of young persons specified in Article 118 below, the medical examinations shall be supplemented by . Investigations for the detection of occupational diseases carried out at the same time. - . 116. Periodical medical examinations for young per sons shall be made under the same conditions and with the same objects as the Initial medical examination. They shall consist of clinical and X-ray examinations and advice shall be given on the person's health as prescribed in Articles 110 and 111 above. ... 118. All workers of both sexes, irrespective of age, engaged in work which actually exposes them to occupational diseases shall be periodically subjected to medical examina tion for the detection of such occupational diseases. - These medical examinations shall take place from the date on which the persons concerned commence work or on the date of coming into force of these Regulations, whichever is the later. . 119. Medical examinations for the detection of occu pational diseases shall include a general clinical examina tion and, where necessary, such special clinical tests as may be required by the nature of the diseases. 0 - 100 - However, when the examining physician considers such special tests unnecessary to form his opinion he may, . after consultation with the Medical Inspector, of Labour, exempt the workers from them except in the cajse of X-ray examination of the lungs for the detection oi, pneumoconi osis. X-ray examination of the lungs shall, in principle, consist of a radioscopie examination or miniature radio graph of these organs; the examining physicians may not ' order a full-sized radiograph except where they regard it as indispensable to the establishment of their diagnosis. 120. The examining physician shall make a report on the medical examination for the detection of occupational diseases, as mentioned in Article 139 of these Regulations, taking into account any clinical information he may have obtained in applying Article 119 above. 133. Examinations for the detection of pneumoconiosis shall be carried out in the following industries and occu pations among the workers and with the periodicity indi cated* opposite them. . / ' 1 The general clinical examination of the persons coh : cerned shall be supplemented by a radioscopie examination or a miniature radiograph, or, where necessary, by a full sized radiograph of the lungs, unless such radiological investigation is required in the course of a concommittant periodical examination for young persons, in conformity with Articles 111, 113 and 116 of these Regulations. Industries and `occupations Workers liable for examination Periodicity of medical examination Ceramic tile fact ories . Factories manufact uring refractory articles. Pottery factories. China factories.' Crucible factories. Workers exposed to dust with a silica content. do. do. do. do. First examination within two years of commencing work, then regularly every two years. do. . do. do. do. Industries and occupations U J L -- Workers liable for examination Periodicity of medical examination Cleaning of cast ings leffected by compressed air, by hand-1 Jet or by rot ary table blasting machine. Workers engaged on these operations as well as those exposed to the dust liberated by them. First examination within two year-s of commencing work, then regularly every two years. Various sandblast ing operations (application of sand) by compressed air, by hand-jet or do. do. rotary table mach ine; glass frosting, scouring of metal lic and other parts, etc. Chiselling and fet tling by pneumatic chisel of uncleaned do. do. or Incompletely cleaned castings. Grinding or fet do. tling by grindstone. do. / Glass-cutting by Workers in crystal grindstone. and glass factories engaged in the cut ting of crystal and do. glass as well as those exposed to the dust liberated by these processes. Dressing of grind Workers exposed to stones . dust with a silica do. content. Sand-crushing. Workers engaged on these operations as well as those ex do. posed to the dust therefrom. Manufacture of Workers exposed to various cleaning du3t or products products contain containing it. do. ing silica powder. Industries and occupations x vj - Workers liable for'examination Periodicity of medical examination Open-cast quartz- Workers exposed to lte, sandstone, dust with a silica sllex, schist, slate content. ' and novaculite . (razor-stone) quarries. - First <rxaruination within two years of commencing work, then regularly every two years. Factories manufact Workers exposed to uring asbestos asbestos dust.' do. materials or ob jects, or those con taining asbestos. Building or repair Workers engaged In ing of industrial brick-cutting opera furnaces made of tions as well as . do. fire-brick. those exposed to the dust therefrom. f. f ! ` - * 139 On the occasion of each medical examination which the worker must undergo under the terms of this section the employer shall give him, free of charge, a "workers' health control form", entitled "Report on the initial medical examination, the periodical examination for young persons, or the examination for the detection of occupational disease", which Is to be given to the examining physician. In the course of an initial medical examination the employer shall also supply the worker with a "health book" if he does not posses one. ... 1^7. ... Workers found by the examining physician to be suffering from a disease resulting from their work shall be suspended from such work immediately and at least until their recovery when it is clear that they could not continue their work without a progressive aggravation of their state of health. Where circumstances permit, they shall in the meanwhile be given alternative work in the establishment employing them which will not be liable to prevent or retard their recovery. . Czechoslovakia Act re spectlng National Insurance. Dated 15 April 1 9 W L.S., 19^8 Cz. 1-A .. 7 8 . (l) Occupational diseases shall be treated in I the same "way as Industrial accidents. The expression "occupational disease" means any disease listed In the f Schedule to this Act if it results from employment in the undertakings given in the Schedule opposite the particular disease. Schedule (Section 78) Serial No, Occupational disease Undertakings (subsection (1)' of sec tion 78)- 27 Pneumoconiosis due to dust con taining silica or iron (sili cosis, siderosls) where the clinical functional disorders are confirmed by typical radiological indications. If accompanied by pulmonary tuber culosis, the tuberculosis shall be treated as pneumoconiosis for purposes of compensation. 28 Pneumoconiosis due to dust con taining silica or iron (sili All undertaking cosis, slderosis) in conjunc in which Insured tion with active pulmonary persons are ex tuberculosis, - posed to the / X 29 Pneumoconiosis due to asbestos risk. dust (asbestosis) - (a) where the clinical func tional disorders are con firmed by typical radio logical indications; (b) in conjunction with can cer of the lungs. Denmark 1. Act No. 181. respecting insurance against the consequences of accidents. Dated 20 May 1933 ia3.Den. 5 1. (1) If a person insured In pursuance of this Act meets with an accident whlcn reuuces m s bcu-niiia - 236 - temporarily or permanently, he shall be insured against the consequences of the accident in the manner and to the extent provided for in this Act... (3 ) If it is ascertained that an insured person is suffering from any of the diseases specified in the Schedule below and he has been employed in one of the . industries or processes Indicated in the schedule oppo- i site the disease in question, and if it can reasonably | be assumed that the disease is due to his employment in 1 the said industry or process, the disease and the con sequences thereof shall give right to compensation in conformity with this Act... 2. Ministry of Social Affairs Notification L.S.. 19^8 - ! No. 1^-9 of the Act respecting Insurance Den. 1 against the consequences of accidents. Dated 23 March 19^8 [Revised Schedule] i- / * l Diseases f 1 t Pulmonary diseases due to Inhalation of stone dust and minerals. Occupations, industries and processes All trades and employments covered by the Accident Insurance Act. ii V t ! i Prance *. * i; , Act No, ^6-2^26 respecting the Prevention of, and compensation for industrial accidents and occupational diseases. Dated 30 October 19^6 ' * L.S., 19^6 -- Fr. 12 Part VI. Special Provisions Applying to Occupational Diseases. 70 Subject to the provisions of this Part, the provisions of this Act shall apply to diseases of an occupational origin... . 71. Schedules appended to the public administrative regulations shall list the morbid symptoms of acute or chronic poisoning displayed by employees habitually exposed to the actions of the noxious substances men tioned in the said schedules, which shall contain by way of a guide a list of the principal processes involving the handling or use of the said substances. Such morbid symptoms shall be presumed to be of occupational origin... / / 237 - Decree No. ^6-2959 of 31 Pecember 19^4-6 , to Issue public administratlve regulations under A ct No. 46-2^26 of 30 O ctober 19^-6 respecting: the pre vention o f , and payment of compensatlon for, Industrlal accidents and occupational diseases, as amended by Decree No. 50-1082 of 31 August 195Q and Decree No. 51-1215 of 3 October 1251 " Journal offlclel. 1 January 19*4-7, 15_-_i-S^t_19i0 - Fr. 10-AT Journal off1d e l , 21 Octo ber 1951, P. 10$87 132. The schedules contained In Article 71 of the Act of JO October 19^^ are annexed to the present Order.' . 25. Occupational Silicosis ' ' Diseases caused by Inhalation of dust con taining free silica (SlO^) ' Period of liability for compensation: five years (subject to the provisions of the Decree provided for in section 75 of the Act of 30 October 19^6) Diseases produced by free silica dust Operations liable to lgive ' rise to the diseases Silicosis: pulmonary fibro sis due to inhalation of dust containing free sili ca, where there is radio logical evidence accompani ed by disorders (dyspnoea and frequently bronchorroea and cough) confirmed by functional examination of the respiratory tract. Cardiac complications: hyposystolla or asystolla caused by weakness of the right ventricle. Tuberculous complications: silicosis appearing in teleradlography by. at least large-scale nodular mottling, complicated by pulmonary tuberculosis, confirmed bacterlologically. Operations exposing the worker to the Inhalation of dust containing free silica, in particular: drilling, cutting, extractlon of ore or rock contalning free silica; crushing, breaking, screen ing and handling of ore or rock containing free silica in a dry state; cutting and polishing of rock containing free sili ca; manufacture and handling of abrasives, cleaningpowders or other products containing free silica; m a n u f a c t u r e of c a r b o r u n d u m , glass, porcelain, faience, etc., and fireproof pro ducts; - 238 - - Diseases produced by free silica dust Non-tuberculous pulmonary complication: spontaneous pneumothorax. Operations liable to give rise to the disease work in foundries involv ing exposure to sand duBt (stripping, fettling, cleaning of castings); dry-grinding, polishing, sharpening with wheels using free silica; sand blasting or polishing. 30 Occupational Asbestosls Diseases caused by Inhalation of asbestos dust Period of liability for compensation: five years (sub ject to the provisions of Decree ^7-2201 of 17 November 19^7...) ' / j Diseases produced by 1 asbestos dust ' ' Occupations liable to give rise to the diseases Asbestosls: broncho- pulmonary fibrosis due to the Inhalation of asbes tos dust, where there is radiological evidence faccompanied by disorders .(dyspnoea and cough) con firmed by^functional tests of the respiratory system and the presence of asbes tos bodies in-the sputum. Cardiac complications: hyposystolia and asystolia due to right ventricular deficiency. 1 Work involving exposure to the inhalation of asbestos dust, in particular: drilling, cutting, extrac tion of ore or rock con taining asbestos; crushing, breaking, screen ing or handling of ore or rock containing asbestos by dry methods; asbestos carding, spinning and weaving; application of asbestos by spray methods; handling of asbestos by dry methods in the follow ing industries: (a) manufacture of asbes tos cement; (b) manufacture of asbes tos-rubber Joints; (c) manufacture of friction and brake linings; (d) manufacture of asbes-' . tos cardboard and paper . 79. (1) The Minister may by scheme provide for payment of compensation by the employers of workmen 1 any specified industry or process or group of industr., or processes involving exposure to silica dust - (a) who are certified in sucH manner as may be appointed by the scheme to have suffered dec or total disablement from the disease known as fibroid phthisis or 6lllcosis of the lung (in this section referred to as silicosis) or from that disease accompanied by tubercu losis; or (b) who, though not totally disabled, are found - ,. on medical examination to be suffering from ' silicosis, or from silicosis accompanied by tuberculosis, to such a degree as to make it dangerous to continue work in the Industry or process, and are for that reason suspended from employment. . (2) The scale of compensation fixed by the scheme in the case of death or total disablement due to silico: or silicosis accompanied by tuberculosis shall be that fixed by this Act and in any other case shall be such as may be fixed by the scheme; - I t aly; Royal Decree No. 1765. to issue provisions respecting compulsory Insurance against industrial acci dents and occupational diseases. Dated 17 August 1915 L.S., 1915 It. 8 . 2. Insurance shall cover all cases of accident due to a violent cause in connection with employment and resulting in death or permanent total or partial incapa city for work or temporary total incapacity... 3. Insurance shall likewise be compulsory with respect to the occupational diseases specified in the schedule appended to this Decree which are contracted in the course of and as a result of the processes specified in the said schedule, in so far as the said processes ar included among those specified in section 1... Act No. i+55 to extend compulsory .. insurance against occupational . diseases to cover silicosis and asbestosls. Dated 12 April 19^-3 - XXI L.S., 19^3 It. 1 1. The compulsory insurance against occupational diseases provided for by section 3 of the Royal Decree - zh5 - 1765- f 17 August 1935 - XIII, shall be extended to cover silicosis and asbestosis where these diseases are contracted in the course of and as a result of the processes specified in the Schedule appended to this Act and in so far as the processes in question may be deemed to be Included amongst those specified in section 1 of th aforesaid Decree... 2. The special provisons laid down in this Act shall apply to silicosis and asbestosis, without prejudice to compliance with the provisions relating to accidents and other occupational diseases, in so far as they are applicable. - 3. For the purposes of this Act, silicosis shall be deemed to mean a pulmonary fibrosis, whether complica ted by pulmonary tuberculosis or not, which is caused by inhalation of dust of silicon dioxide in a free state; and manifests itself in particular by bronchitis and * . emphysema and repercussion on the circulatory a p p a r a t u s - and, on radiological examination, by diffusion of mlliarl- form nodular shadows, whether confluent or not. If. For the purposes of this Act, asbestosis shall be deemed to mean a pulmonary fibrosis which is caused by inhalation of asbestos dust and manifests Itself In particular by the. presence of "asbestos corpuscles" in , the alveoli, bronchioles and interstitial connective ; 1 / tissue, accompanied by tracheobronchitis and emphysema, . and on radiological examination by veiling of the pulmonary field or striations or reticular formations, more or less marked, particularly diffuse at the bases. Schedule of processes for which Insurance against Billcosl8 and asbestosis is compulsory and the maximum period within which compensation is payable after the cessation of the employment. - Diseases * Silicosis whether associated with tuberculosis or not. Processes Maximum period within which compensation is payable after cessation of employment (a) Work in underground mines and quarries and in tunnels; work in open cast mines and quarries with siliceous rock. Ten years. (Silicosis continued) ' t ' 1t condensation is payable after cessation of employment (b) Crushing, grinding and manipulation of siliceous rock, quartz or siliceous sand and siliceous abrasives. ^ (c) Extraction, cutting, working up, prepara tion^ polishing, grinding and adapta tion for work of sandstone, granite and other siliceous material. (d) Manufacture and . working up of re fractory substances and abrasives con taining free silica, pottery (with the exception of bricks and tiles) and glass (in the case of glass, exclusive ly the preparation I of raw materials and frosting with sili ceous material); manufacture andpolishing of grind stones (excluding occasional grinding operations, the re- pair and grinding and sharpening of utensils and tools used in the factory or workshop, unless hhp pnml h v p p 1 a