Document dYzp2qadpr6Ov3YzOMJLNp59b

dj>m HHBB-0t$O801 Air Hygiene Foundation, 4400 J?ifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. February 24, 1939. NOTE TO MEMBERS: Enclosed is another bulletin in the series prepared by the Preventive Engineering Committee of Air Hygiene Foundation. The new bulletin deals with "Routine Sampling for Control of Atmospheric Impurities" and gives methods for determining some 40 substances more or less commonly found in industrial atmosphores. Extra copies, in addition to the regular membership allotment, arc available at fifty cents each. H. B. Mellor Managing Director 03117914 -X Air Hygiene Foundation of America, Inc, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. February 23, 1939. REFERENCES TO RECENT LITERATURE ON INDUSTRIAL DISEASES News Items 34 BOOK REVIEW -- DESIGN OF INDUSTRIAL EXHAUST VENTILATION. John L. Alden. Published by Industrial Press, 148 Lafayette St., New York, N.Y, 20 pp. $5.00. This book, published recently, includes the articles in Heating and Ventilating and which have bean abstracted in this Bulletin. No reprints of the articles have been available to date. It is well known that the literature on exhaust ventilation has been scanty and the author attempts to dispel the mystery sur rounding the subject and to describe it in straightforward engineering tenma. The book covers the following subjects: flow of fluids; hood foias; air fl$w through hoods; pipe resistance; piping dasign; dust separators; low preasuf* conveyors; centrifugal exhaust fans; structural dotalls and system planning; and field measurements and their interpretation. One purpose of the book It to tell the plant engineer how to design or how to buy an oxhaust system that itiU adequately and economically operate, 85 THE KNUDSIN AWARD. Ind. Med. 8, 44, (January 1939). The Knudsen Award, open to members of the American Association of Industrial Physicians and Burgeons, is awarded annually for "the most outstanding con tribution to industrial modicino". Memtbors desiring to be considered should notify the committee by March 1, 1939. The award is mode on the basis of the best original contribution to medicine as it applies to industry, 86 FOR MORE LIBERAL COMPENSATION. Labor Standards, U. S. Dept. Labor, 2_, 6, (January 1939). Another attempt will be made in New York State to liberalize the restricted schedule of compensation for silicosis and to terminate the restrictions entire ly at the end of a 5-year period. Tho 1936 law provided modical benefits for 90 days only and compensation for total disability not to exceed $500 in the first month after the bill became effective, the amount increasing #50 a month until a maximum of $3000 was reached. The proposed amendment would remove the limitation on medical benefits, would step up the rate of monthly increase* and would remove tho ultimate maximum of $3000. A similar bill introduced last year, passed both houses, but was reconsidered and killed in the assembly* Ai 87 LABOR LAW". OF THE STATE OF WISCONSIN AND ORDERS OF THE MSBRIAL CCMCSSICN. Industrial Commission of Wisconsin, Madison. 222 pp. (ISSflE In bhis volume are published all the labor laws of the Static Under "Safety and Sanitation" ere listed rules for the control of dust, fu*es, vapors and gases, spray coatings, mines and caisson work. Other divisions include in juries and compensation, employment of children, hours and wages,- labor rela tions and special laws for women in induatiy. 0atl7915 HHBB-000801' MW3B-06B8919 References to Recent Literature - 2. 86 COMPENSABLE OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE CASES SETTLED IN 7/I3CON3IN IN 1937. Industrial Commission of Wisconsin, Madison, December 5, 1938. A total of 753 claims were settled in the State for $272,503. Of this total, 707 were for temporary disability, 20 were permanent-partial and 26 were for total disability or death. Twenty-eight types of disease ere listed, the more prominent among them being: dermatitis, 286 cases; plant poisoning, 130; carbon monoxide, 48; lend poisoning, 12; 3llicosis, 22; heat prostration, 56; freezing, 26; synovitis and teno-synovitis, 55; and tuberculosis, 6. The most noticeable disease on tho list is silicosis, which, although it comprised only 3 per cent of the cases, accounted for 60 per cent of the indemnity paid. Eighteen of the 22 silicosis cases were for total disability. Next in line are heat prostration, about 10 per cent of the total indemnity, nnd tuberculosis, about 8 per cent. The silicosis cases occurred in tho following industries: iron mining, 6; atone o> cutting and polishing, 3; iron foundries, 9; steel foundries, 1; foundry and mach ine shop products, 2; and agate and enamel ware, 1, ' ___ , t 89 MASSACHUSETTS OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE COVERAGE PROPOSALS. Labor Standards, 3. Dept, of Labor, , 6, (January 1939), Labor Standards is a monthly publication, for sale by Supt, of Documents, Washington, D.C., 10 cents per copy, 75 ce^fcs per year. | Several plans have been presented to tho special Massachusetts legislative if*- cess commission studying problems of silicosis and other pulmonary difleaM oover- ages under the workmen's compensation act. One provides for a compulsory pool to toko care of silicosis and dust cases, with provision for assignment of risks rcjectod by three insurance companies at ratos approved by tho canalssioner of insurance; provision for apportionment of risks among compensation carriers; and a provision permitting carriers to pool their excess losses from assigned risks. Another plan would set up a State fund, in the custody of tho State treasurer, for extra hazardous employments. This fund would be established and maintained by contributions from all insurance carriers, and from it carriers of assigned risks would be repaid the losses in excess of 70 per cont of the premiums of such risks. Still another plan legalizes self-insurance under certain circumstances, A fourth plan separates occupational disease and accidont claims, and limits oc cupational disease claims to total disability. % 90 NOMOGRAMS FOR THE COMPUTATION OF DATA OF FREQUENT OCCURRENCE IN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE. JAM. Dalla Valle. Div. Ind. Hyg., U.S. Public Health Service, 'Washington, D. C. V A useful set of monograms covering (1} dilution of impinger samples, (2) compu' tatlon of dust concentration, (3) conversion of mg. per liter to parts per million, (4) rate of particle fall by Stokos1 law, (5) computation of relative humidity, (6) friction loss in round pipes, (7) computation of airflow from pitot readings, (8) velocity exterior of an opening under suction, (9} height, age, and weight relationship of adult men and women. 91 REDESIGN OF WORKING BOOTHS TO REDUCE DUST COUNTS. Car. Ind., 32, 60, (Jon.1939). " A redesigning of the working booths in the porcelain department of the General Electric Company has produced some surprisingly low dust counts in these booths whore unfired waro is trimmed on lathes. A stream of air is made to pass down ward in front of the operator, not striking him directly, and then out through openings in two staggered baffle plates in the rear of the booth. Duat counts in the operators exposure zone wore approximately tho same as tho general plant atmosphere, . - 03117916 4 References to Recent Literature Km6 B -0 0 0 8 0 2 H 92 LABOR PROTECTION AS LECTURE MATERIAL POR TECHNICAL SCHOOL DIRECTORS. St. Folkhard, Arbeitsschutz, pp. 01-3 (1938) (German)- The author advocates the establishment of courses in the technical schools for instruction in labor laws, applied physiology, labor psychology and labor pro tection. Short courses could be arranged for safety engineers. (B) Papers on Pu3t. Dust Diseases end General Industrial Hygiene. 93 PITBSI'OLOWEOR ENGINEERS. H. Hi, Haggard. Ifech. Eng., 61, 8-12, (Jan. 1939). Robert Henry Thurston Lecture at Annual Meeting Am. Soc. Mech. Engrs. Dec. 1938. Physiology for engineers is a uuen more important subject than is apparent on first consideration. Numerous engineering achievesientsin the past have greatly changed human environment and the resultant offects on human physiology should be known and appreciated. Dr. Haggard does not attempt to give a course in physiology, but merely stresses the importance of this element in the engineer's problems. The study of the human body is a complicated subject. It is emphasize that the body acts as a whole unit and that a disturbance in the operations of one part will affect to some extent tho whole unit. To illustrate, two examples of engineering progress are cited: modern artifical lighting and air conditioning. It is possible that, because of the lack of proper light and tho attendant eye strain, a fair proportion of men and women suffer physiological dlstnjbances thai interfere with their work, their digestion or their oispositioa. Likewise, other abnormal coneitions may cruse similar disturbances in a normal operation ojf the unit. An almost opposite picture is presented in air conditioning. The hgtaa body responds only to stimulation end in tho perfectly controlled atmosphere# cf air conditioned rooms is the possibility that the temperature regulating mech anism of the body nay become sluggish ana stagnate, to precipitate other fwtional disturbances. These numerous physiological factors should he given con sideration. by engineers in problems of which man is a part, 94 DO GOOD WORKING CONDITIONS PAY? Victor G. Kaiser. National Assoc. Manufacturers, Report of Committee on Healthful Working Conditions. December 1938. Obtainable from Division of Publications, National Association of Manufacturers, 19 W. 44 Street, New York City, at 5 cents a copy -- free to Association members. This publication includes a preliminary report of the Coraiittee together with the address of Dr, Heiser, Chairman, at the Congress of American Industry. Dr. Hciser points out some of the reasons why healthful working conditions are de sirable in a factory and how every manufacturer can compare conditions in his own factory with that in others of similar nature, Emphasis is being placed by the Committee on the smaller companies. More support should be given to exist ing industrial,medical and engineering research laboratories for further in vestigation and assistance on the problems that exist, 95 THE EFFECTS 0? OCCUPATION AND OF ITS ACCOMPANYING ENVIRONMENT ON MORTALITY. ?. Stocks. J. Roy Statistical Soc. 101, 669-96 (1938) (British). Some occupations have given the statistical impression of being intrinsically unhealthy, whereas thoir unfavorable mortality might arise from their particu lar localization, whereby the workers and their families share the higher deathrates which predominate in That locality. This fact may be a factor in certain industries' only carried on in larger cities, and, though well distributed over the country, high mortality may be duo, not entirely to the industry itself, but tc the urban conditions. Cases are cited in England, where, if these facts are overlooked, certain erroneous conclusions might be drawn. Conclusions drawn from a 3irvey of the general population show that higher death ratos can be cor related with higher latitudes, housing facilities and ratio of unskilled work er 3. A ratio* of the standardized mortality of males to that of married women has been used to indicate whether a high mortality among employed men represents a tine occupational risk or is one inherent in the environment. 03117917 _ ' ' I: - _ References to Recent Literature - 4. HHBB-00080? 9 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH BOARD TO JUNE 30, 1938. K.M. Stationery Office, London, 193S. Obtainable from the British Library of Information, 270 Madison Ave., New York, N.Y. Price Is. Part I of this Report contains a summary of the work in the past 20 years. Much of the earlier studies wore devoted to hours of labor, fatigue, efficiency and other general subjects. Part II deals with the work of the past year dur ing which time the studios on illumination have been given much attention. The toxicity of industrial solvents has been investigated and it is intended later, if possible, to chock the toxic effects of all solvents before they ere issued commercially. No extensive discussion is given of dust and pulmonary disease, -r^ as the comprehensive survey of silicosis in the South Woles Coalfields is still uncompleted. 97 SIXTEENTH ANNUTLitEPORT OF THE SAFETY IN MINES RESEARCH BOARD, 1937. H.M. Stationery Office, London, (1938) (British). A large part of the report is devoted to progress reports on the studies of coal dust and firedamp explosions, flameproofing of electrical mining machinery, mine lighting, explosives, safety lamps, and other miscellaneous safety factors. -S> Considerable work is being done on those subjects. A group of reports classed as health researches includes the study of mine temperatures, silicosis, and 0 protection against dust. One set of experiments showed no ill effects of ex posure to an air velocity of 1,000 f.p.m. of dry air at a temperature above that of tho body, a temperature which was found in one of the nines. It was conclud ed, in studies of the excrotion of silica in urine, that this' type of teal can not be used as a reliable method in the diagnosis of silicosis. Dost inhalation experiments are still being carried out in South Wales and it is hoped that guinea-pig lung pictures will be obtained corresponding to: (1) anthracite duet alone; (2) anthracite dust, stone dust, and varying quantities of nitrous fumes; and (3) stone dust with nitrous fumes. Certain other tests have shown that the employment of a plant, embodying the "Hay" mist projector principle reduces dust *. by 90 per cent. 98 PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES AND INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE. D. Stewart. Public Health, 51, 165-8, (March 1938} (British). The criticism is made that the public health official does not appear to be aware of the industrial community as an entity or to consider administrative problems in their bearing on industrial workers. The author makes a plea for full cooperation between those public health officials and those concerned now v.lth industrial hygiene matters. The bulk of the present day servicoa in in dustrial hygiene i3 done by the more enlightened companies and by full coopera tion those services could be given wider application. 99 THE TREND OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE LEGISLATION. H. D. Sayer. Text of address at the National Safety Congress, Chicago, October, 1936. Reprints obtainable from the Association of Casualty and Surety Executives, 60 John St. New York City Compensation for occupational disease and accidental injury i3 similar basical ly and logically, but their causes and effects are so dissimilar that they re quire almost entirely different treatment. Accidents occur at a specific moment, in point of time, but this is not true of most occupational diseases, and it mokes difficult the fixing of liability. Another problem is in the terms of coverage as prescribed by law. Some states have "all inclusive" statutos which make the coverage indefinite and impossible to keep within the bounds original ly intended. No new legislation of this type has been enacted within the past throe years. Tho trend has been towards specific schedules of compensable dis eases, which limit the liability of the employer, reduce litigation, and make the administration much simpler. A brief description is given, of the "graduat ed" method of compensation of silicosis cases which have accrued in the past, tut which have only recently been made compensable. Liability starts at only a 03117918 HWBB-00080?? References to Recent Literaturo - 5, nominal amount (some are $500) and increases monthly to a nmriimm in two or three years. It is not ideal, hut prevents the employer from having to pay, out of current income, for liability accrued during past years. 100 SICKNESS ABSENTEE!M. L. Dobbie-Batemaa. Ind. Welfare, 20, 403-8, (Octobor 1938) (British) The author is full-time physician to a large store having about 6000 employees. Attendances at the clinic are as voluntary as possible, but are obligatory for (1) preliminary examination for appointment, (2) reporting accidents incurred at work, and (3) before return to duty after illness. In over 3000 preliminary examinations in 3 years, 80.5 per cent were classed as fit, 14.5 per cent as partially fit, and 5 per cent as unfit. From sickness records it appears that women take more time off than men and that those engaged in selling have higher sickness rates than others. Sickness is higher in winter months, particularly in latter part of the season. About 45 to 50 per cent of time lost was due to respiratory diseases. Digestive diseases accounted for about 10 per cent. 101 ALUMINUM AND SILICOSIS. H. C. Bmons and Carl Fries. American Mineralogist,23, 5; 664-60, (October 1938). In the study of "protector" dusts, Denny, Robson and Irwin (Abstract No. 39, e 1937, this Bulletin) contended that the action of alxmina was to reduce the amount of silica in solution; that the toxic action of silica depended on the amount in solution. The authors agree that alumina is a protector dust buf dis agree on the explanation of its action. First they state that It is the p#r* tieulate (undissolved) silica which is held to be the cause of fibXOSlS ad not the dissolved silica which is easily transported by the blood and smereted* The action of the alumina is to hydrolyze to the insolublo hydroxide wMefr floccu lates the smaller silica particles not yet in solution into masses large enough to be removed by phagocytosis. In beaker experiments where the pH of the water was kept below 5.0 to prevent the alumina from hydrolyzing to the hydroxide, there was no flocculation or reduction of the amount of particulate silica in suspension. In alkaline solutions, however, large reductions of suspesded silica v?ere noted. Other substances such as carbon black, iron oxide (hematite) and the alkaline earth carbonates produce the same reactions that are well known in clarification in water treatment. 102 differential DIAGNOSIS BETWEEN THE PNEUMOCONIOSES (PARTICULARLY SILICOSIS) TUBERCULOSIS. E. Gonzalez Ancira. Arch.des malad. profes., 1_, 379*68, tNoyembexc 1938) (French) The differential diagnosis of tuberculosis and the pneumoconioses is not diffi cult if the following points are given consideration: (1) exposure to dust and its composition, (2) complete laboratory examination, and (3) correct use of the x-ray. Under (1), the details cannot be too exact. Under (2), certain laboratory teats may be carried out, which, if done correctly, will help dif ferentiate between the two. Characteristics of x-rays are described, which, if followed through in detail, will further aid in the diagnosis. By the use of the combined, signs and symptoms covered under these three main considerations a correct diagnosis should not be difficult. 103 FIGHT AGAINST SILICOSIS IN THE METAL INDUSTRY. Anon. Oberflackentech., 15, 189-1, (1938). . Silicosis develops in men sandblasting or grinding metals more rapidly than in minors, Means for preventing inhalation of the fine dust, adequate equijment and clinical aspects are briefly discussed. Grinding wheels of artificial stone, as carborundum, are more sanitary, as the dust does not contain any free silica which is tho cause of silicosis. Wberevor possible artificial stones should be used. 03117919 Reference so Recant Litemvure - 6. H8B-00080 1G4 SILICOSIS AMONG GRINDERS. J.L.A. Grout. Brit. Jour. Radiol. 11, 366-70, (Juno 1938). The author gives an interesting report of the work of Sheffield grinders in sharpening knives, forks and needles and thoir working conditions during the 18th and 19 centuries. The grinding was all done with sandstone wheels, the grinding of knives being done wot and that of forks dry. Fork grinders seldom lived beyond the age of 32, while the knife grinders occasionally lived to 50 years. In 1833, out of 2500 grinders, not 35 had lived to be 50; of 80 fork grinders, exclusive of boys, not a single worker of 36 years was alive. Although some attempts wore made to alleviate these conditions, they remained much the some for generations, until recently. In 1834 a dust control program, much the same as those in effect today, was proposed but was apparently never enforced. Curing more recent years the-replacement of the sandstones by artificial ab rasives has almost eliminated silicosis from this industry. 105 DETERMINATION OF ACID INSOLUBLE HATTER IN THE SPUTA OF SILICOTICS. H. CiVin, I. A. Schreier, B. Martello and J.D. Hardy. J. Ind. Hyg & Toxicol., 2^, 1-4, (J onuary 1939). 5; The determination of mineral residue in the sputum of silicoties is a compara tively recent study, end no thorough investigation of the subject has as yet .0 been made. Burke (see Abstract No. 873, Doc. 1938) made a microscopic study of the sputum of silicoties and non-silicotics, but the technic available made it difficult to distinguish particles accurately. In the present study the authors determined the weight of the total acid-insoluble solids in 100 cc of spumfe. Thoir method is completely described in tho paper. The average free silica con tent of the solid matter, determined with hydrofluoric acid after ignition, was 71 per cent. They found some solid matter in the lungs of all examined, but noted that tho sputum of proved silicoties showed distinctively higher values than that of non-silicotics. The sputum of 83 non-silicotics contained from 0.2 to 2.5 rag. residue per 100 cc while 84 por cent of 32 silicotic cases contained over 2.5 mg. per 100 cc, and some values were as high as 20 mg. Many silicoties gave high results oven after yoar3 of absence from a dusty trade. It is suggest ed that those determinations may prove to be of value in the diagnosis of sillcos: 106 VARYING ANATOMIC BEHAVIOR OF THE RIGHT HEART IN SEVERE SILICOSIS, If, Letterer, _ Verhcndl. d. deutsch Gesell. f. Kreislauf. 11th session, pp. 400-5, (1936)(German! Of 13 cases of severe simple silicosis the author found that 11 had hypertrophy of the right heart with a 6-10 mm. thick wall of the conus puloonali a. Of 22 casos with sovore silicosis conplicatod by tubornulosis there were only 9 cases with this condition. It seems possible therefore that tuberculosis hinders the develojment of hypertrophy of the right heart and can perhaps oven bring about a diminution of it. 107 THE DANGER 0? SILICOSIS AIT) PRACTICAL SAFETY MEASURES. Derdack. Zbl.f.Gewerbefr'-p 25, 167-70 (1930) (Gorman). " The author discusses the dust produced in the manufacture of fireproof bricks and deals briefly with means for preventing its dissemination. . 108 THE EXPERIMENTAL REPRODUCTION OF THE SO-CALLED SILICOTIC NODULE. A. Policard. Bull. Histol. appl. physiol, path. tech, microscop. 1, 67-76 (1938) (French). Histologic and histo-chemical studies were made of pathologic tissue from the lungs of guinea pigs, rats and rabbits which had inhaled quartz or chalcedony dust for 8-25 months. The fibrous changes produced in tho lungs of these animals differed markedly from the fibro-hyalin nodules found in human silicosis pat ients. Conclusion; the origin of human silicotic nodules cannot as yet bo de finitely ascribed to silica itself. Note: see abstracts No3. 15 and 16 in January, 1939, Bulletin. 03117920 References to Recent Literature - 7. HWBB-00080"1 1C9 A3BEST0SIS. J. V. Spcrk3. 3rit, J. Radiol. 11, 371-7, (June 1938) (British) Tie paper describes the clinical Mid radiological signs of a3bestosis. The chief complications ore (1) purulent bronchitis, (2) broncho-pneumonia, (3) pulmonary tuberculosis, and (4) carcinoma, . 110 THE ADSORPTION EFFECTS OF VARIOUS DUSTS ON DILUTED ''OLD^TUSERCULIN. S.L. Cumins and E.M. Williams, J. Hyg., 38 , 638-46 (1928). The adsorption power of various types .of finely-divided dusts for tho active part of tuberculin was studied by shaking 1 gram samples of such dusts vcLth 10 ni. of a 0.1 per cent solution of tuberculin for S minutes, incubating at 37 for 30 minutes and keeping thorn overnight at room temperature, Tho clear liquid was removed, centrifuged, sterilised and tested. It was found that tho odecrptioi power increased in the inversed ratio of particle size, that anthracite and fusion dust of comparable particle size havo the same adsorption power, and that sandstone from different locations and shale dust, sericite, chalcedony and quartz dust also adsorb the active principle of tuberculin to different extents. It is suggested that the .datively low morbidity, toxicity and mortality from tuberculosis noted in coal minors exposed to siliceous dust are due to the ad sorption of tuberculous toxin by finely-divided coal dust inhaled with the duet from hard stone. <=>\ Ill THE PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE OF PLSjpjd, SURFACES TO IMPLANTED DUSTS, W.R. Bl and M.W. First. J. Lab. and Clin. Mod., 24, 44-52, (1938). Forty rabbit3 were subjected to intra-plcural implantation of dust and, wl^| 10 additional rabbits as controls, were autopsled after 15, 30, 46, 60, and days. Typically inert, absorptive and proliferative reactions were pTodggJUy the pleura in response to various dusts. These responses were esseeti same as those produced in serous cavities elsewhere in the body by they1 The injection of dusts into the pleural cavities, especially because of it* proxi mity to lung tissue, was found to be suitable In both results and economy. 112 RADIOLOGICAL DEMONSTRATION OF PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES INDUCED BY CERTAIN INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES. J.F. 3rallsford Brit. J. Radiol., U, 393-400 (1938) (British), The author summarizes RoUclm's study of fluorine intoxication, contracted by those handling cryolite. Eighty-four per cent of the workers examined had bone changes -- a diffuse osteosclerosis, which was on the whole proportional to the period of employment. Half of tho workers showed radiographic evidencos of pul monary fibrosis similar to that seen in silicosis but more innocent in nature, but it was undecided as to whether tho fluorine or the associated quarts bad caused the fibrosis. Against this, an examination of 49 workers In Scotland ex posed to alumina and cryolite dusts failed to establish the existanco of osteo sclerosis or of pulmonary fibrosis in spite of long exposure. Other examples of tho radiograph as a diagnostic tool are citod. - *113 TESTS 0? RESPIRATORY EFFICIENCY AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH RADIOLOGICAL J APPEARANCES IN THE LONGS. E.M. Killick. Brit, J. Radiol., 11, 401-4, (June 1938. (British) j The tests of respiratory efficiency used were: (1) vital capacity of the Iwgs; f (2) ventilation equivalent for oxygen (vol. of air breathed per 100 cc. oxygen absorbed); (3) volune of dead space; and (4) exercise tolerance testa. Seven men. whose pulmonary lesions had been diagnosed as silicosis or osbestoaifl, all show ed well-defined functional impairment on the basis of one or more of the above test3. Eleven arc welders were examined and five of tho number, baring eigne of early pneumoconiosis, gave, on the whole, poorer performances than the other nix. It is concluded that tests of respiratory efficiency should help to distinguish between early fibrosis and the deposition of dust in the lunge without marked fibrous tissue reaction. 03117921 References to Recent Literature - 8. HUSB-0008025 114 PNEIMONIA IN INDUSTRY. George F. Obrien. Ind. Med., 39-42, (January 1939). Industry has made great strides in reducing mortality 7rom injuries, but much tine is lost and many deaths still occur from respiratory diseases. Industry furnishes many of the predisposing factors in pneuaonia and should interest it self in the problem, and in spreading the modern concepts of pneumonia and its treatment. The symptoms of pneumonia arise from infection and anoxia; serum therapy is directed against the infection, and oxygen therapy against the anoxia, and control of tho tv;o factors will control pneumonia. 115 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES OF THE LUNGS IN AGRICULTURAL WORKERS. R. Fawcitt. Brit. J. Radiol., U, 378-92, (June 1938) (British). Agricultural workers ore liable to infection by organic matter, micro-fungi, bacteria and parasites frem vogetablo matter and an-t-mfi! excrota. Various types of nycotic infection of the lungs are described, and the radiological appear ances illustrated. The author is of the opinion that the ccomion micro-fungi, though usually innocuous, may become pathogenic under certain conditions and that tho incidence of harmful infection is more common and widespread than is general ly realized. Certain types of bacterial and parasitic pulmonary disease are also described. 116 SYPHILIS CONTROL IN INDUSTRY. R.R. Sayers. Supp, No. 140, Public Health Reports (1938). More than 1 million years of life expectancy are lost every year by syphilitic deaths in this country, and in institutional care the disease costa us between 40 and 50 million dollars annually. As a purely economic problem, industry should be interested in wiping out the disease, but comparatively few ccmpenlae have done much on the problem. The question of whether or not industry should hire a syphilitic is discussed. Except as food handlers, barbers, etc., it 1* atated that they should bo kept at their jobs and given closo medical supervision. A doctor of one large company advocates a certain amount of medical care by indus try and at least cooperation with State officials who can supply free anti syphilitic drugs and offer consultation on problems of control, ,,, 117 STATE LABOR LAWS FOR WOMEN. PART 1, SUMMARY. Part 2, ANALYSIS OF UR LAWS FOR BOMS'! '.VORKEJS, F.P, Smith, C.S, Dopt. Labor, Women's Bureau. Bull. No. 156, Parts 1 and 2, (1938). These bulletins summarize the State laws regarding work hours, meal time, rest periods, night work, seating, and other items. All but 4 States have 3ome sort :f law regulating the hours women may work, 16 States having a maxi urn of 8 hours a day. It is significant that 17 States prohibit women working la mines, and other States prohibit than in coke ovens and quarries. Only 17 have laws governing home work, and only 22 have minimum wage laws. Part 2 of the bulle tin is devoted entirely to presenting in tabular form the points covered by various State laws for women as of March 31, 1938. 118 FORWARDING HEALTH AND SAFETY IN COAL MINING BY USE QF WATERING METHODS. D. Harrington & J,J, Forbes. U.S. Bur, Mines Inf, Circ, No 7041,11 pp.(Dec.1938). It is well known that coal dust, even In absence of gas, Is explosive and can initiate or propagate an explosion in a mine. It is also believed by many per sons that all atmospheric dusts nay be harmful if breathed in largo quantities fo. long periods of time. For those reasons the authors stress the importance of dust control in coal mines. This paper emmeratos the principal sources of dust and describes practical methods of employing water as one of the moat effective of the known methods to allay dust in coal mines. Most dust in mined originates at the face and the amount of water necessary, if applied efficiently, is not excessive. In some mines the water is supplied by special tanks on mining 03117922 0 0 -< = References to Recent Literature - 9, machines, but most mines now using water for dust control nave installed com plete pipe line systems. Several typical installations are described in the circular together with pictures which illustrate the mothods nov; in use. 119 SAMPLE 07 AN INSTALLATION FOR THE CONTROL OF THE HYGIENIC EXPOSURE ARISING FROM THE APPLICATION OF POTTERY GLAZES. S. C. RothPann. Ind. Med., 8, b-12, (January' 1939). " The author describes some of the problems in connection with the dust and lead hazards in the glazing department of a "dinnerware" pottery plant. The lead hazard is probably the most important, although in recent yours the increased use of "fritted" glazes has reduced the hazard because of the formation of in soluble lead compounds by pre-fusing. Hand dipping of ware is not in itself dangerous; most dust is causoa by stirring up of acemulated dried glaze on floors, boards, tubs and clothing. An automatic spray glazing machine and the necessary exhaust booth in connection with it are described. 120 ELECTRICAL DUST PRECIPITATION. J. Wuyckens. Mem. univ. Bruxelles, 95 pp, (1937) (Belgian). Details are given of a laboratory investigation relating to the electrio pre cipitation of dust from a stream of air. The apparatus consisted in: a device for making regular and uniform the distribution of the dust in the air stream, a small Cottrell typo of precipitator and an oil filter for removing dustufxtM the effluent stream of air. Among the factors studied wore: effect of du^t concentration on efficiency; effect of electromotive force employed withi^ the range 7300-12000 volts; effect of tho velocity of the air stream omd the rela tion between electromotive force and current in the discharge. A M|* degree of purification is more readily obtained by a roduction of velocity of the ' stream than by an increase of electromotive foroe. The scale effect controll ing the possibility of applying laboratory results to large-scale plants is discussed, 121 ,, V a. -Stc) FRICTION LOSS IN PIPING. E. A. Windham. Heating, Piping, and Air Cond. 11, 6-8, (January 1939), The author lias developed in the course of his work two charts of friction loss in pipes which are reproduced. Most empirical formulae apply over only a limited range of temperatures and it is frequently necessary, particularly in air duct work, to compute friction losses when tho temperature varies considerably from the standard conditions. The author has made use of tho Panning equeticn, and has simplified its application for general use, Papers on Industrial Poisons, Cancer, Dermatitis, etc.' N^L22 ' HEALTH HAZARDS AND THEIR CONTROL IN THE ELECTROPLATING INDUSTRY. H, .A Dyktor and John Buxell. Bulletin, Dept. Public Welfare, Industrial Hygiene Div., City of St. Louis, Mo., 33 pp. (1938), In a study of the electroplating industry in St. Louis, theauthors found no health hazard which necessitated drastic action* Moat plants were provided with moans of controlling the hazards encountered -ind present control methods could be perfected vri.th only minor changes or by proper maintenance of present equip ment. In the cases whore deficiencies occurred, they wore due to lack of prop er information or to the use of erroneous information, and this Bulletin is published to fill that lack. It covers the hazards of dusts, acid mists and vapors, trichlorethyleno and carbon tetrachloride, chromium, lacquers, skin diseases and other miscellaneous items of personal hygiene, sanitation and gen eral safety. No one subject is covered completely, but the Bulletin is a valu able guide to those operating electroplating planta. 00117923 H W B B -0U M 0? HWBB-0B08027 References to Recent Literature - Id. 123 A SURVEY OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE CONDITIONS IN THE JEWELRY INDUSTRY OF RHODE ISLAND, J, Wurnftic end C.V. Hickey. Div. of Indust. Hyg., State Dept, of Public Health, Providence (1938). The jewelry industry in Rhode Island comprises 89 plants employing 10,315 workers, about one-half of whom jc women. More than half of the plants em ploy loss than 10 workers. It was found that 8912 or 86 per cent of the number wore not exposed to any hazardous material or process in any manner and the percentage of these exposed to any degree at all was very small (0.28 per cent). A few (-186 or 4.3 per cont) were engaged in electroplating work and the ser iousness of their exposure is questioned pen-line further investigation. 124 3EVERAL TOXIC VOLATILE INDUSTRIAL SOLVENTS. D. Gilbert. Bruxelles-Med., 18, 1189 (July 19, 1938) (Belgian). Because physicians are likely to encounter some of the growing number of toxic industrial solvents, the author discusses c few of them in this paper and lists others -which aro either not discussed at length or are otherwise generally well known. Attention is especially called to the chlorinated hydrocarbon group. He stresses particularly that the solvents as used are rarely puro and that this fact should be token into consideration along with other factors such as the origin of the solvent, its instability, and the particular conditions of its use in the plants. 125 SOLVENTS AND THEIR DANGERS. Wenzel. Sontr.Goworbehyg.Unfall., 25, 217-24, (1938) (German). . Industrial solvents are classified as to their general use, o.g., viscosity changers, plasticizers, azeotropic mixtures, extractants, degreoaers, solvents for solids, impregnators, phaimaceuticals, and carriers for other materials. Many examples ere given. The flammability, physiological action, origin and in dustrial use of many solvents arc discussed. Special attention la given to spray booth design and exhaust, paints and lacquers, and solvents used in tho rubber and textile industries. The most important phase of writer protection is adequate education as to the danger and proper handling of the solvent in question. 126 EVALUATION 0? THE ODOR NUISANCE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF KRAFT PAPER. J.M. DellaVallo and H.C. Dudley. U.8, Pub. Health Reports, 54. 35-43, (Jan* 13, 1939). Kraft paper is tho brown paper used in rotail stores for wrapping packages; heavier grades are used in shipping carton and containers. The authors outline the method used in evaluating tho odor nuisance generated in the manufacture of this type of paper by the soditsn sulfide - sodium hydroxide process. The odors of hydrogen sulfide, organic sulfur compounds, carbon gases and a chemical smoke containing large quantities of sodium sulfate and sodium sulfide are given off during nearly all processes and pass out through the stacks to he clessed as a nuisance in the neighborhood. The human nose is remarkably sensitive to minute traces of these substances in tho atmosphere, even in those concentra tions that are well below tho toxic limit. It is concluded that in the neigh borhood of the plants the concentrations of toxic gases are of no consequence. The major contributing factor in the obnoxious conditions is due to the large amounts of solid chemical materials, mostly sodiw sulfate, which are blown out through the stacks and soon settle to the ground. Tho possibility of electrical precipitation for prevention and economical recovery is stressed. 03117924 N86-0008P References to Recent Literature - 11. 127 THE DANGERS 0? ARC WELDING. H. Pozzi. Arch, des malad. profes., 1, 389-414, (November 1938) (French). ~ The author reviews the materials entering into the arc as well as she metals usually welded. He considers the dangors as duo to (1) burns, (2) glare, and its effects on the- eye and (3) fumes. The injury in the case of glare may be due to both ultraviolet or infrared rays. The effect of the fumes, if the ex posure is severe, is to produce an acute broncho-pneumonia of which the prog nosis is unfavorable. If the exposure is moderate but prolonged, symptoms of pne'noconiosis develop: a feeling of constriction of the chest, dyspnoa, and persistent cough. Occasionally metal fume fever occurs but more often a gen eral malaise combined with severe headaches and insomnia. No mention i3 made of possible nitrous fumes in the gases from the arc. Measures of protection . ore: welder's goggles, partitioning off of the welding spaces to protect other workers from the glare, removal of fumes by local exhausts, and good general ventilation, 128 3T/iro;iiDIZAXI0N OF GAS MASKS AND RESPIRATORY APPARATUS. K. Quasebart, U.D.I. Ztschr., 82. 147-3, (1938) (Genaan). To enable interchange of parts and apparatus of respiratory equipment, regard- loss of make, manufacturers and officials have cooperated in establishing,codes of standardization of such equipment. Ten codes arc planned. It is also-;pmb- pcsed to define uniform names for all apparatus and parts. I 129 THE ABSORPTION OF IRRITANT GASES IN THE RESPIRATORY TRACT. l.D. GedaeklMi J. Physiol, (U.S.3.R.) 23, 702-90, (1937) (Russian). The inhalation of irritant gases by rabbits and the analysis of the exhaled gases showed that nearly all was absorbed in the upper respiratory passage#. A non-irritating gas, like nitrogen dioxide, is absorbed largely in the lower respiratory tract, none in the upper. 130 TIE REACTION OF THE CLOTHED HUMAN 30IY TO VARIATIONS IN ATMOSPHERIC HJMIDITY. C.-E.A. Winslow, L.P, Herrington and A.P. Gagge. An. J. Physiol., 124 , 692-703, (December 1938). 3clow 25C (77F), the zone of body cooling, relative humidity has no appreci able influence on physiological reactions. Above thi3 temperature the rela tive humidity begins to take effect ana with higher temperatures and high humidities the nude body adjusts it3elf much better than the clothed body. With higher temperatures and low humidity the clothed subject can tolerate a slight ly higher operative temperature. During summer months the mechanism of sweat secretion is in better working order and consequently the response to higher temperatures is better duritv; those months. 131 THE VENTILATION OF FLUELESS ROOMS. NOTE FROM THE BUILDING RESEARCH STATION. J. Instn. Heat. & Vent. Engrs. (London) 428-34, (October 1938} (British). Observations were made in an experimental house to determine the ventilation provided by an open ventilator in a room not provided with a flue or chimney. It was found that in an average room over a wide range of temperature differ ences and wind velocities, tho ventilator provided approximately the some ven tilation as did an unheated flue of normal type. It was observed that in a heated fluelcss room, with an ordinary wall type ventilator, tho air-change may fall as low as 0,3 per hour or loss. 03117925 rite* - - - --* l .".e iai*; i.1 a'-arc - i. HHBB-00B80? 132 7IR3T CHAFES 0? THE WHITE BLOOD IN PERSONS EXPOSED TO LEAD. a.H. Mull or. Klin. tfcknschr. 17, 1183-6, (1938) (German). Tie author reports on results of periodic examinations (over a 1 year period) of street car and bus lacquerers, He notes that with crest regularity ho found high lymphocyte counts, without other siens of lead absorption or leal injury. It is considered that this lymphocytosis can justify an especially careful nodical supervision in the absence of other signs of load poisoning. 133 LEAD AND HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE. G.W. Gunther. Deutsch. mad. YJchnschr. 64, 1146-7, (1938) (German). Description is given of the illness of a 45-year old linotype 3Qttor who died of a cardiac infarct and coronary thrombosis. For many years he had had higi blood pressure, one in recent years was employed only occasionally as a type setter. Examination of the organs showod 0.115 per cent lead in the liver and spleen and 0.58 per cent in tho bone. Since thore was no familial disposition to premature high blood pressure and in view of the long exposure to load, a causal relationship between industrial load injury and high blood pressure was assumed. The recent lack of exposure was taken into consideration. 134 NEW SOURCES OF LEAD POISONING. Mornac. Ann. d*hyg. pp. 362-4, (1936)(French). The author describes tho uso of great quantities of load araenio in insecti cides used by farmers and the complete carelessness in the handling of it. H '0 found cases of lead poisoning by users of the insecticide and reocamonds the substitution of aluminiaa arsenates, 4 135 LEAD POISONING? L. Schwartz. Sonm. v. Vergiftungsf. 9^, 41-6, (1938) (dMtt), A 31-year old cable layer fell ill with ocular motor paralysis. 1int t^mirr* hazard to cable layers seemed slight, and no other signs of lend. pslM|iin could be proven with certainty, tho referee on the case rejected the possibil ity of lead poisoning, suggested observation. In a hospital. At tho clinic, small quantities of lead were found in the blood, urine and feces, but the quantities were within normal limit3. 136 A METHOD FOR THE QUALITATIVE SPECTRO-CHEMCAL .'HALYSIS OF VERY SMAIX AHOUHTS OF BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS FOR SODIUM, POTASSIUM, CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM AND LEAS. . O.S. Duffendack, K.B. Thomson, W.C. Leo, and O.G. Koppius. J. Biol. Ch^.. 126. 1-7, (1938). ` A detailed description is given for the method used. Lead was determined in urine and by the method described, it is possible with extreme caution to measure accurately 0,1 mg* lead per liter. DETECTION OF LEAD IN ETHYL LEAD .1 OBSERVATIONS ON THE VOLATILITY OF TETRA ETHYL LEAD. H. Siebonect. Chem-Ztg., 62, 188-189, (1936) (German). This question was studied in connection with the detection of lead in the waste liquor from ethylizing apparatus. The use of dithizone was shown to be not altogether trustworthy for lead detection, as load-free benzine gave color reactions. Tho use of a 1 per cent dimercaptol-thiodiazol solution is re commended . Experiments showed that tetraethyl lead is volatile in nonttl temp eratures when mixed with hydrocarbons. 138 JUDGING HEART MUSCLE INJURIES AFTER CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING. H. SyaansfcL. Aerztl. Sachverstandig.-Ztg,, 44, 183-204, (1938) (Gorman). The author discusses first, on the basis of the literature, tho possibility and occurrence of cardiac muscle injuries in acute and chronic carbon monoxide poisoning, lie then presents eight detailed and instructive oases of heart trouble which had cuao before Mm as a reforoe. The question to be decided was whether the disease was causod by carbon monoxide or hastened by it. In some, this question was affirmed, in some aoniod. 03117926 Hii6B-00086!J References Recont Literature - 15. 139 CARBON MONOXIDE AND EPILEPSY. H. Symanski. S.-jsm. v. Yer jiftungsf., 9_, 23-40, {1938) (Goman). ~ A blacksmith in a gas works was exposed occasionally to carbon monoxide raid at the age of 35 he fell ill aith epileptif o-";i attacks,. The expert {ia a court case) considered this as genuine epilepsy, denying an:.' relationship to carbon monoxide inhalation, since the signs were not present. 140 LATE EPILEPSY IN TIE COURSE OF CAR30N MONOXIDE PCIDONING. 0. ScMersr.ann. Ztsch. ges. Neurol, u. Psychiat., 163, 656-59, (October 1938) (German). True epileptic seizures occurred in a v.-or veteran, 60 years old, 14 years after carbon monoxide poisoning from exhaust gases of a benzol engine during the war. The seizures, which developed rapidly, were characterized by convulsions, torso ,--n like and athctoi'l movements, loss of the reaction of pupils to light, and un consciousness. Minor seizures had occurred six months after exposure and at infrequent intervals following. Mentally, the patient shov:ed disturbed sleep, "*s apathy, emotional flattening, lack of initiative, weakness of memory, hysteri cal trends and generally demented behavior. -A> 141 TESTIS AND HYPOPHYSIS IN GASSED HALE RATS. C.A. Patterson, E. Smith, and A.D. Pickett, i'roc. Soc. Exp. Eiol. Med., 38, 455-60 (1930) (British). Mole rats were exposed for 1 hour daily for 5C or more days to an atmosphere containing 0.34 per cent carbon monoxide. The testis and epididymus weiglt wa3 reduced by 30 per cent and their spermatozoa were reduced in number and motil ity. The hypophysis became basophilia, with many vacuolated cells, but tho gonadotropic homono content was increased. 142 CARBON MONOXIDE POIoOHING. Howard A. Martin. Ohio State Med. J., 34, 1251-3 (1938). The author reviews the literature on carbon monoxide poisoning. Symptoms of both acute and chronic poisonings arc described end the important onos especial- *' ly noted. He reviews the various items in tho treatment of both types of poisonings and the paper should be of interest to all physicians. 143 THE HZLQGEMATED HYDROCARBONS OF TEE FATTY SERIES AS SOLVENTS AND THEIR SIGNIFI CANCE TO THE MEDICAL PRACTICE. V/, Gueffroy and W. Ehrhardt. Sentr. Gewerbohyg. Unfall., 25, 224-30, (1938) (German). These solvonts a3 a class are toxic, capable of producing acute poisonings and occasionally blood changes. While the lungs are tho chief portal of entry into the body, skin absorption is also possible. The specific properties of some of the compounds are discussed in detail, and they should all be regarded aa active toxic egenta. No specific medical prophylaxis for chronic poisonings of this class is known. 144 CARBON TETRACHLORIDE POISONING. T.M. Perry. Arch. Path. 26, 923-41 (Nov. 1938). A description is given of hepatic (liver) damage and repel? in nan based on three cases of accidental poisoning studied clinically and at autopsy. Three negroes had ingested a roach poison, a mixture of carbon totrachlorido and ethy lene dichloride, which they had mistaken for an intoxicant. Two of the men died too early (6. to 11 hours and 65-70 hours) for evidences of regeneration, but the third who died in 150 hours showed definite tendencies along these lines. There is a complete account of the clinical findings and r. good review of the literature. 03117327 HHBB-0008031 References to Recent Literature - 14, 145 DjJKrSRS FROM FYS2NE FIRE ECTINjUISHERS, J. Am, lied. Assoc. (Queries and minor notes) 111, 326, (Dec. 17, 1938). A patient put out a fire in a poorly, ventilated hall. Immediately afterward he hnd difficulty In breathing, become cyanotic and had gastiD-intestinal disturb ances. These symptoms bec.'-me worse in 10 days, but after about months tie had fairly well recovered. The author says it is probable that phosgene was femed from the carbon tetrachloride as the symptoms resemble those of phosgene. This type of poisoning usually is prone to provoke neuroses, but where it is known tuat complete recovery is possible, this danger is much reduced. /T*\ 146 THE PBOSGSJE CONTENT OF SMOKE FROM THE BERGER MIXTURE. J. Baser. Gasschutz. u.luftschutz., 8, 297-8 (1938) (German)., (also pp. 266-9) The 3erger mixture consists essentially of powdered zinc and highly chlorinated organic compounds such as carbon tetrachloride. When this mixture was burned or heated it was found that phosgene was formed as one of the products of combust T3 ion. Care should be exercised in using carbon totrachloride or other chlorinat ed hydrocarbons in closed spaces as phosgene is much more highly poisonous than the original compounds. e 147 BLOOD PLASMA PROTEINS AS INFLUENCED BY LIVER INJURY INDUCED EY CAHECH TETRA CHLORIDE AND GUM ACACIA, G.C. Erickson, G.P. Heckel and R.E. Knuttl. $. Am.J.Path,, 14_, 537-56 (September 1938). '| Oral administration of carbon tetrachloride to dogs induces liver changes'and a reduced plasma protein concentration, due chiefly to loss of elbcadA* In jection of acacia injures the liver and reduces the plasma protein uouiMbv tion, especially the globulin. The results of these and other types of liver injury suggest that albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen may be produced by the liver independently of each other. 148 EXPERIMENTS WITH AN "ANTINECROTIC" MATERIAL PREPARED FRCfcS LIVER. E.M. Barrett, -- D.L. McLean and E.'.V, McHenry. J. Phaimacol. Exp. Ther,, 64, 131-7 (1936). Rats injected with 100 mg. of the liver extract prepared by Forbes (Forbes, Neale, Scherer, J. Pharm. Exp. Ther., 58, 402, (1936)), and with the same cor responding doses of sodium xanthine and saline, were exposed 2* hours lator to controlled concentrations of carbon totrachloride. It was found that the fat content of the livers of animals premedicated with Forbes' livor extract or with sodium xanthine was significantly los3 than that of animals premedicated with saline or without any treatment. Tho experiments seen to indicate that the promedication with sodiun xanthine promotes the heeling of liver damage and in addition, offers a certain protection against tho toxic effects of exposure to concentrations not greater than 10,000 p.p.m. 149 POISONING BY HYDROCARBONS. COMPENSATION ACCORDING TO THE FRENCH LAN ON INDUS TRIAL DISEASES (1919-1931). E. Martin. Med. du travail, 10, 151-69, (1936} (French) The author reports on the discussion that took place in the Coaaission for In dustrial Hygiene of the Ministry of Labor regarding the inclusion of poisoning by hydrocarbons in the compensation law. Certain other authorities have said, that since 1931 the hydrocarbons have boon produced in n much purer form and that the poisonings have been due to tho impurities. The author takes issue with them and gives reasons for the inclusion of these matorlals in the com pensation laws. 03117828 HUBS'0008032 References to Recent Literature - t > 150 BENZINE AND BENZINE. L. Teloky, Med. du trav., 10, 125-137 (1938) (French) The author consents on the need for more sharp differentiation hetveen these two entirely different substances. Tho characteristic symptoms of poisoning by each is described: in benzene poisoning sovere blood changes occur, while neuriti3 is especially prominent in benzine poisoning. French and Italian com pensation laws are unsuited to cover theso poisonings adequately, 151 A STUDY, CLINICAL AND HASOTOLOGICAL, OF NINE CASES OF OCCUPATIONAL 3ENZ0L POISONING. M. Lomy, P. Kissel, "nd L. Pierquin. Bull, et idem. 3oc. Med. -lopit. Paris, pp. 1116-27, (June 27, 1938) (French). Full details arc given of nine coses of benzol poisoning among employees of a shoe factory where benzol was used as a rubber solvent. Four of the cases were fatal. In the severe cases true medullary ,-i.plasia was present, and purpura was present in all. The most valuable treatment was blood transfusion together with, infections of liver extract, and the rosults wore good except in tho most severe cases. 152 TOXICOLOGICAL DETECTION OF THALLIUM. H. Kluge, Z. Unters. Lebemsm 76,, 165-9, (1938) (German) Trie method is based on the solubility of thallium chloride in ether and the insolubility of thallium Iodide in water and alcohol. Larger amounts are^de termined by weighing the iodide, smaller amounts by colorimetric determination of the iodize liberated therefrom. 153 THE COMPOSITION 0 F HUMAN BONE IN CHRONIC FLUORINE POISONING, W.A. Wolff and E.G. Kerr. Am. J. Med. Sci., 195, 493-7, (1938). A man, 48 years old, had been exposed for 18 yoars to finely ground phosphate rock dust containing 3.88 per cent fluorine. The prosent paper deals only with the distribution of bone fluorino, as the x-ray, clinical and autopsy findings have been reported earlier. Normal amounts of ash, calcium, phosphorus, and carbon dioxide wore found in the bones, but tho fluorine content of some bones was 20 times the normal values. Its distribution was uneven, the greatest amounts being found in the vertebra, the least in the long bones. 154 ACUTE METHYL ALCOHOL POISONING, F.R. Menne. Arch. Path., 26, 77-92, (1938). In 22 cases of fatal poisoning from pure methanol the pathological changes con sisted of marked edema, hyperemia, and necrosis of the stomach, intestine, liver, brain and retina. Clinically tho victims showed intonso nerve excita bility, evidenced by abdominal pain, muscle twitchings, rapid pulse and respira tion with final paralysis and death from respiratory failure. Although thaae addicts had token small quantities of methanol over a long period of time, there were no gross chronic pathological changes present. 155 THE SPECIAL HAZARDS IN THE WORKING OF MAGNESIUM ALLOYS AND FREVEWITVI MEASURES. H. Ruhe. Arbeitsschutz, pp. 195-210, (1938) (German). J Magnesium alloys are being used more and more because of their low specific ^ gravity and their tensile strength. Under certain conditions, however, mag nesium has a great tendency to unite with oxygen, and in fine particles it can explodo. Wet magnesium dust tend3 toward spontaneous combustion* In the pre sence of heat, magnesium can reduce oxides, partly by explosive mechanisms. Water is disintegrated by fine magnoslua dust with the formation of hydrogen. To guard against these dangers, the Reich Minister of Labor has issued codes and safety directions. 03117929 6 'Z,.. / .,___ ,j ^3 5>3 > References to Recent Literature - 13. 156 THE AUTOMATIC ESTIMATION OF SULFUR DIOXIDE IN INDUSTRIAL GASES. W. Francis, M.CMorley and E.V/.F. Gillhca. J. Goc. Chen. lad., 57_, 419-24, (December 1930) (British). A description is given of a method and apparatus for estimating the amount of sulfur, as sulfur dioxide or trioxide, in washed fluo gases of a powor plant. The gas is scrubbed in a neutral solution of hydrogen peroxide which oxidizes the sulfur gases t;o sulfuric acid, decreasing the electrical resistance of the solution. The change is measured on a recording milliamoter and indicates the * total amount of 3ulfur over a period or at any moment. The method, except for minor differences, is similar to that developed in this country by Thomas (lad. & Eng. Cham. 1_, 14-17, Tan. 1929) . It is possible, by changes in rate of air flow, voltage of current, volume of absorbing liquid and other factors, to measure accurately almost any concentration of sulfur gases in the atmosphere. Iz7 DANGERS OF GRAIN SILOS, H. Tiege. 2b.f. (fewerbehyg., 25, 170-1, (1933) (German) Two men were killed climbing up a silo that contained tons of corn. Examina tion of the air later siiowed 3 par cent carbon dioxide and 13.6 per cent o^gen, and at the tine of accident tho carbon dioxide was probably still higher. Autopsies showed death was from suffocation. 158TUMORS AND FRECANCER0U3 LESIONS OF THE BLADDER DUE TO AMINES OR NITR0DERIVATIVES. (ANILINE DYE TUMORS.) G. di Maio. Arch. ital. d i. urol.. 1, 285-385 (1937) (Italian) This paper contains an analysis of the precancerous and neoplastio changes that may occur in the bladder in aniline dye workers. Among 86 workers oxamined, 25 had changes that were considered as precancerous, 7 had benign tuttors, and 4 had malignant growths. The changes wore revealed by cry3tosoopic examination rather than by specific methods. Duration of employment varied froa 2 to 6 years for the precancer Group, 3 to 9 years for the papilloma group, and 6 to 15 years in tho cancer cases. The dye3 occurring most frequently were benzi dine, botanaphthol amine, and aniline. Thoso substances are absorbed through the respiratory tract and the skin, and r.ro eliminated in the urin unchanged or with a modified chemical structure. Treatment consists primarily of measures to impede the absorption of tho dyes. 159 ARSINE POISONING: REPORT OF TV/0 CADES. K.D. Smith and T.E. Rardin. Ohio State Ned. J, 55, 157-9, February 1939. Arsine and arsine poisoning are discussed and a description is given of the processes where the poisoning nay ba encountered. Arsenic is an impurity in many metals and arsine, hydrogen arsenide, the most poisonous of the inorganic arsenic compounds, is given off whenever these metals -are acted upon by acids. The stripping of galvanizing with hydrochloric acid is a cannon procedure and it was in this manner that the two cases reported by the authors occurred. Com plete descriptions are given of tho two cases. Tho authors strosa the import ance of occupational histories, in addition to past illnesses and family history, as an aid in the diagnosis of vague or unknown cases, 160A RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE REFLSIIN IRRITATION OF THE NASAL MUCOSA DURIIK THE INHALATION OF ACETONE. PNELMOGRAPHIC CHANGES IN EXPERIMENTAL ACETONE NARCOSIS. L. Priseo. Folia med., 24, 669-77, (1938) (Italian) Because of the increasing industrial use of acetone, the author studied its action on rabbits. He found in them a nasal reflex which consists of a temp orary cessation of breathing and also a lung reflex in the form of a polypnea when acetone vapor is introduced intratracheally. 03117930 HWBB-0B08P M wDWi HH8B-000803* References to Recent Literature - 1?.. ISi i i\ ' jIAZOMSfTHAjnE POISONING, FIRST CLINICAL CASE REPORT. F.,,. Cundormann, R.Connor H. Field3. An. J. Med. Sci., 195, 46S-73, 11938). A chemistry studen undertook to prepare trimethylbartiturio acid allowing dianomethane to react v.ith barbituric acid. Ho did not work under a Rood and while stirring the mixture, suddenly began to odioko, become dycpnc-ic ^nd hau a violent couch. A description is given. of the symptoms hi oh persisted for three weeks, when, as was released from the hospital. The gas appears to have a direct irritant action. THE TOXICOLOGY OF CYANIDE, A.O. Gettler end j.O. Baine. Am. J. Med. 3ci., 195, 182-38 (1938). The authors give their analytical methods in detail and '.is cuss the hydrogen cyanide content of normal organs and the distribution of it in body tissues after fatal poisonings, both experinental nr.- human. The sensitivity of the analytical method is 0.005 rag, per 100 jja. tissue an! by this tost no hydrogen cyanide was found in normal tissues. The minimum lethal close seams to be about 1.4 mg. per kilogram of body weight. Trer.tmont with net hyl one blue seems to prolong life for an houi` cr more; it should be supplemented with 3tomach lavage, artificial respiration, stimulants, and a second injection if necessary. 163 LIPEKIA IN EXPERIMENTAL CARBON BISULFIDE POISONING. E. Bianchi. Med. do! lavoro, 29, 213-20, (1338) (Italian). Acute and chronic carbon disulfide poisonings wero produced in rabbits and the content of blood in fats and phosphorus was studied. There was found In both types of poisoning an increase of the phosphate and cholesterin other. Free cholostorin decreased in acute poisoning, increased in chronic. led PHYSIOLOGIC STUDIES OF HELIUM. A. R. Behnko and 0, D. Yarbrough. U.. Naval Med. Bull., 36, 542-58 (1938). The solubility coefficients of heliui in. water and in olive oil compared with the coefficients for nitrogen aro in the ratio 2:3 for water and 1:4.5 for oil. Therefore, the helium content of the body should be about 45 par cent as high as the nitrogen content when tho sane tension of each gas is breathed. The time of elimination of helium from body tissues after absorption, is about onehalf that of nitrogen. It is for these reasons that helium-oxygen mixtures are being used in place of tho normal nitregen-oxygon mixtures in deep sea diving. 03117331 i S4 * Of o HW68-0008015