Document dYqD9eo8akXqM64YKemg2Mxwb

Cne o the standards covered in CSKA Suboart 2, "Toxic and Hazardous Substances" is 1910.1CC1, Asbestos. The followi-g puidelir.es are moended to aid the industrial hygiemsos and/or engineers responsible for employee safety and healm m complying with nhe specific requirements of tre standard. hazard The hazards of asbestos are well documented and universally recognized. Its notoriety is widespread among unions and employees. Asbestos has long been taown to cause asbestos is, a disease characterized by scarring and thickening of the lung wall. Today it is also known to produce a variety of irreversible cancers including pleural mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of the chest cavity), peritoneal mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of the abdomen) as well as cancers of the lungs, stomach, colon and rectum. The early detection and treatment of these diseases is usually not possible because' the symptoms are not clinically evident 'until 20 years after the first exposure. Additionally, there is no known safe exposure level. In recognition of the serious health hazards associated with asbestos,the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (CSHA) has imposed strict regulations \ designed to protect employee's exposed in the workplace. - Acceptable Concentrations of Asbestos Dust The CSKA standard prescribes two exposure limits, cne, oh< Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) is for an 8-hour time weighted exposure; it limits an employee's exposure to 2 fibers per cubic centimeter (cc) of air sampled. The second, the ceiling limit, is for short term exposures; it limits this exposure to 10 fibers per cc of air based or. a 15 minute sample. Methods of Compliance The standard requires feasible technological (Engineering, controls and appropnaoe work practices as the primary means cf compliance. These controls include but are not limed to me following: Engineering Controls a) Isolation of processes util: b) Enclosure of d~rv operations LLA 000525 2 c) Use of local exhaust ventilation and dust collection systems. Systems snould be designed and maintained m accordance with ANSI 29.2-1371. d) Ventilation of hand and power operated tools w'nion r.av produce or release asbestos risers m excess :: prescribed exposure limits. 2) Work Practices a) Thorough wetting of asbestos when it is handled, mixed, applied, removed, cut or scored m order to prevent the emission of airborne fibers. Wetting usually requires the addition of a penetrant to the water solution. b) When removing asbestos from pipes or other strictures the material should not be dropped or thrown but carefully lowered to the floor in order to prevent the emission of asbestos fibers. c) Controls to prevent the release of asbestos fibers such as wetting, enclosure or ventilation should be used when removing asbestos containing materials from shipping containers. d) Employees engaged m the spraying of asbestos, the removal or demolition of pipes, structures, or equip ment covered or insulated with asbestos, and in the removal or demolition of asbestos insulation or covering should be provided wich approved respiratory equipment and special clothing. Note: For the aforementioned operations, the CSKA Standard requires the use of Type "C" supplied air respirators continuous flow or pressure demand class. Compliance with the standard mav net be achieved through the use of administrative controls (i.e. rotating employees to shorten exposure time) or the use of respirators, except during the time required to install engineering controls ate institute work practices, m situations where engineering or work practice controls are either tech rally not feasible or feasible to an extent insufficient to tions below acceptable limits, (i.e. s removal cf asbestos insulaeicr.) and du duce. fiber ccncer.traaymg, demolition or r.g emergencies. LLA 000526 3 Material Substitution It is company polity to minimize and/or eliminate t.-.e use cf asbestos and asbestos containing materials to the maxi.turn extent possible via material substitution. The ideasubstitute is one which has no health hacari associated wit.-, it and does the ;ob ;uso as well. The location of substitutes should be giver, priority consideration. Personal Protective Enianent Respiratory Protection In those situations previously described where filter purifying respirators are permitted, they should oe selected from those approved by NICSH. The selection or respirators will depend on the exposure. The fol-owmg types are prescribed m the standard a) Air purifying respirators. These are to be used when the ceiling or 9-hour time weighted average concentration of asbestos are reasonably expected to exceed no more than 10 times the prescribed limits. Examples of approved equipment are: Mine Safety Appliance Co 400 Penn Center 31vd. Pittsburgh, PA 15235 MSA No. 459440 Comfo II Type T TC-21, C-123 3M Company Occ. H/S Products Dept. 1201 Hudson Road St. Paul, MN 55101 No. 8710 Disposable type b) Powered air purifying respirators. These are to be used when the ceiling or 8-hour time weighted average concentration of asbestos are reasonably expected to exceed 10 times but not 100 times t.ne prescribed limits. The units are expensive and complex to maintain. If the concentration of asbestos are expected to exceed 10 times the prescribed limits, consideration should first be giver, to succiied air devices with hood ar.c protective clothir.c. LLA 000527 If further 1r.f3rr.at manufacturer. s ed ac e sc Is 3M Occupational Health and Safety Products 3M Center St. Paul, hi nr.. 5:131 ) Type "C" suppiied-air respirators continuous flow :r pressure demand class. These are to be used wr.er. me ceiling or 8-hour time weighted average concentration of asbestos are reasonably expected to exceed ISC times the prescribed limits and dunno soravino, demolition or removal operations mvolvine asbestos. The type "C" respirator is an air line respirator for entry into and escape from atmosphere not immediately dangerous to life or health, which consists of a source of respirable breathing air, a hose, a detachable *- coupling, a control valve, orifice, a demand valve or pressure demand valve, an arrangement for attaching the hose to the wearer and a face piece, hood, or helmet. Manufacturers of air line respirators include the following: Mine Safety Appliances Co. 400 Penn Center 3ivd. Pittsburgh, PA 15235 Willson' Safety Products P.O. Box 626 Reading, PA 196G3 American Optical Cortcration Southbridge, MA C1550 Whenever resairatcrv protective equipment is creviced, all provisions of OSHA 191C.134 "Respiratory Protecti :r. must be complied with. See attachment 1 "Requirements for a Minimal Acceptable Respiratory Program..11 Protective Clothing The standard requires the employer to provide and require the use of special clothing for any employee exposed c: airbeme concentrations of asbestos fibers which exceec. the prescribed ceiling level and for those employees LINQ0608 LLA 000528 involved ir. the spraying, demolition or removal of asoestas. The special clotnmg requirec. include me following: a! Coveralls or similar whole body doming. Resmimcregr.ar ed caper or similar dispcsar_e c_ccning .nav be used to avoid laundering proolems associated wich fabric type clothing. b) Head covering - A hard hat or bump cap is adequate. c) Gloves - any hard-f mished irremeable glove suer, as the Idmor.t Vinyl impregnated (Werx, Seam.s-Rite cr equivalent are recommended. d) Foot covering - rubber boots or disposable foot covering suer, as the Idnor.t ?oly-D boots are r ecorur.er.ded. Chance Rooms The employer must provide change rooms at places of employment where employees are regularly exposed to concentrations of asbestos fibers m excess of the prescribed exposure limits. Additionally, the employer must provide two separate lookers or containers for each employee so separated or isolated as to prevent the contamination of the employee's street clothes from his work clothes. Laundering of Asbestos Contaminated Clothing The standard requires that laundering be done m such a way as to prevent the release of airborne asbestos fibers m excess of prescribed limits. If clothes are sent out for laundering, the employer must inform the person doing the work of the aforementioned requirement. Contaminated clothing must be transported m labeled impemeab bags or other sealed containers. See labeling section for specific label required. Note: The laundering requirements could be avoided tnrougn the use of disco sable clothing. v< Monitoring must be conducted m every place of employment '-.-.er asbestos fibers are released. See appendix II for tr.e NICS1-. sampling and analytical methodologies. LLA 000529 6 1) Personal monitoring. Samples must be collected from within the employee breathing zone m order to determine his 3-hour time weighted average and ceiling exposure to asbestos fibers. The frequency and pattern of monitoring should be suer, tn.at it represents with reasonable accuracy the levels of employee exposure. In cases wnere em.oloyee exposures are reasonably expected to exceed the prescribed exposure limits, sampling must be repeatec at least every six months. 2) Environmental Monitoring. Samples must be collected from areas of a work environment which are representative of the airborne concentration of asbestos which mayreach the breathing zone of employees. Samples s.nculd be collected for the determination of eight-hour time weighted average ar.d ceiling concentrations of asbestos fibers. The frequency and pattern of monitoring should be such that it represents with reasonable accuracy the level of employee exposure. In cases where employee ' exposures are reasonably expected to exceed the prescribed exposure limits, sampling must be repeated at least every six months. Note: Personal monitoring must be acconrolished -whenever \ asoestos demolition or removal worlc is done. CSKA compliance officers have interpreted that, because work of this nature is done intermittently, and because the concentration of asbestos fibers may vary over wide limits, monitoring must be conducted each time a demolition or removal ;ob involving asbestos is performed, and that monitor ing must be conducted ire .active of the provision and use of respiratory protective equipment. Their position is further supported by the employee notification requirement of the standard. 3) Employee observation cf monitoring: The standard requires that affected employees or their representatives re given a reasonable opportunity to observe any monitoring required. 4) Exposure Records. All records of the work, monitoring, employees involved, results of sampling and related informations must be kept in a plant CSKA file or. this subject. These records must be maintained for at least three years and should be made available upon request t: the Assistant Secretary of labor for Occupation Safety and Health, the Tireotor cf one National Instutute tor Occupational Safety and Health and to authorized representatives of either. Additionally, every emplr.a-? LLA 000530 and former employee shall have reasonable access to any record required to be maintained which indicates the employees' own exposure to asbestos fibers. 5) Employee Set ification. Any employee found to be exposed to concentrations of asbestos m excess of c.-.e prescribed limits must be notified m writing wio.-.m five days of the finding. The employee must also be notified of the corrective action being taken. Caution Sims and Labels 1) Caution signs.. Each work area where airborne concen trations of asbestos fibers may be m excess of the prescribed exposure limit must be posted with a pre cautionary warning sign. The signs shall display the following legend. Asbestos Dust Hazard Avoid Breathing Dust Hear assigned protective equipment Do not remain m area unless your work requires it \ Breathing asbestos dust may be hazardous to your r.ealc For sign specifications see 1910.1001 (g)(1)(ii) 2) Caution labels. All raw materials, mixtures, scrap, waste, debris, and other products containing asbestos or their containers must bear caution labels. Those materials containing asbestos fibers which have been modified by a bonding agent, coating, binder or other material that during any handling, storage, disposal, processing or transportation, no airborne concentrations of asbestos in excess of prescribed limit, are exempted from this requirement. The label shall state the following: Caution Contains Asbestos Avoid Creating Dust Breathing Asbestos May Cause Serious Bodily Harm r abe 1 specifications see 1910.1001(g)(2)( LLA 000531 8 Housekeeping The standard requires that all surfaces be maintained free tf accumulations of asbestos fibers, if me dispersion of such accumulations would result m excessive concentrations. All cleanup of asbestos dust should be performed by approved vacuum cleaners equipped with special absolute filters, or wet methods m order to prevent the dispersion of asbestos fibers. Under no circumstances shall compressed air or dry brushing be permitted. Additionally, employees snould ce instructed to vacuum off protective clothing with approved vacuum cleaner at the end of work periods so that movement and activity will not cause asbestos fibers to become air borne and spread the contamination. -Waste Disposal All asbestos waste scrap, debris, bags, containers, equipment and asbestos-contaminated clothing, consigned for disposal must be collected and disposed of m sealed impermeable bags or containers bearing caution labels. SPA requirements for disposal of hazardous solid waste materials have become very strict. Only approved hazardous material landfill sites may be used for such disposal. Locations are advised to check with the State Waste Mar.agemen Agency for compliance with local disposal regulations. Medical Examinations The employer must provide or make available medical examinati to all employees exposed to asbestos fibers m any measurable quantity. 1) Types of examinations a) Prepiacement examinations are to be provided witr.m 30 days of a workers first employment m an occupa tion exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers. b) Annual examinations are to be provided to all workers exposed to airborne concentrations or asbestos fibers. c) Termination of employment examinations are to be creviced wirntn 2C days before or after the employees last day of employment in an occupation exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos tf Vg g ttft 000532 it it 9. See your locations medical organization for specific details of the examinations required. 2) Medical Records. The employer must maintain complete and accurate records of one medical examinations required. These records must he maintained by employer for at least 20 years. Additionally, records must be made available to the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, the Director of NXOSH, to authorized physicians or medical consultants of either, and upon the request of an employee or former employee, to his physician. LLA 000533 Ar IX REaUIRE-SfIS FOR A MINIMAL ACCEPTABLE rSPIRATOfff PROGRAM Th Eleven CcrtwO'SNrs cf 29 CFt 1310.134 1. Written standard operating procedures governing the selection and use OF RESPIRATORS SHALL 3= ESTABLISHED. 0. Respirators shall 3: WORKER IS EXPOSED. CN THE 3ASI3 OF HAZARDS WHICH THE 3. The user shall 3E instructed and trained in RESPIRATORS AND THEIR LIMITATIONS. PROPER USE OF A. W^ERE PRACTICABLE THE RESPIRATORS SHOULD BE ASSIGNED TO I'CI'/NDLAL WORKERS FOR THEIR EXCLUSIVE 'USE. 5. Respirators shau. be regularly cleans and disinfected. Those issued =:?. THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF ONE WORKER SHOULD 3E CLEANS AFTER EACH DAY'S USE, OR .MORE OFTEN, IF NECESSARY, I HOSE USS 3Y .YORE THAN ONE WORKER SHA_ BE THOROUGHLY CLEANS AID DISINFECTED AFTER EACH USE. 6. feSPIRATGRS SHALL 3E STCRS IN A CONVENIENT, CLEAN PND SANITARY LOCATION. 7. Respirators uss routinely shall 3E inspects during eaoi cleaning. 'Worn or deteriorated parts shall 3e reruns, Respirators for emergency use, such as selc-contains devices SHALL 3E thoroughly inspects at least ONCE A MONTH AND AFTER EACH USE. \ 8. Appropriate surveillance of work areas condition and decree of emplo EtfOSURE OR STRESS SHALL BE .MAINTAINS. 9. There shall 3E regular inspections and evaluations to determine t-e CONTINUS EFFECTIVENESS OF TrE PROGRAM. 10. Persons should not 3E assigns to tasks requiring use of respirators UNLESS IT HAS BEEN DETERMINE THAT THEY ARE PHYSICALLY ABLE TO PERFORM. THE 'WORK AND USE THE EQUIPf'ENT, THE LOCAL PHYSICIAN SHALL DETERMINE WHAT CONDITIONS ARE PERTINENT. I HE RESPIRATOR USER'S MSICAL STATUS SHOULD BE REVIEWS PERIODICALLY (FOR INSTANCE ANNUAL_Y). 11. ApPROVS OR ACCEPTS RESPIRATORS SHALL 3E USS WHEN THEY ARE AVAILABLE. The respirator furnished shall provide adequate respiratory protection AGAINST THE PARTICULAR HAZARD =CR WHlffl IT WAS DESIGNS IN ACCORDANCE WITH STANDARDS E3TA3LISHS BY STENT AUTHORITIES. LLA 000534