Document dYgv3Vr2e2ZyLzzRpLYxak06R

rr. rc.i>*rt . iegftiu LUAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION, INC. IS* MADIfOH AVINUI nrw TOMK 17, M. T, mr 10, 1962 ffjEjKTi ac t roianai Aim mo Td i tt* Industry Esveloposct Cooalttee Sine* lead hu been fcwed In tbs etacepber* of all of csr lore* cities wbenervr sir analyses here Veen sa&e, public health people ere expressing concern orer tbe potential beierd to health. Tbe Stele Health Department cf Cellforal* has expressed tbs eoet ea&cem end we knar tbst it le actively studying tbe leed eocteat of tbe elr et several location*. At Its lact seeiloo tbe California Bouse of Drpresentetlve# passed bill d o . EH kll ldiich sets vp eaaelttee to study tbe composition of eotor fuels, tbe use of additives ad tbelr relet Ice to tbe creetloo of snog, vhich 1* to eubalt Its report to tbe 1963 Rsguler beesion. A typical sad easels* statasaot cf tbe preklea la n siteIned la tbe ettacced outline 'Art Motor-fuel Additives Basardou* to Khllc Health1* vfclr-b expresses In general tbe *ty ptA>llc bvelttl people feel shout toe hazard potent lei of leed. Ibis outllas Is c m Of *100 Problexs Is Inrirocassrtal Health" compiled by ooaalttet of experts st tbe request cf tbe 0. 8. Fthlle Health Berries sad pi*limbed with Kb11a Health Berries fond*. Vs ere euimlttlrg this ae background Information to tbe Importance of the general slVoatlcc to our Industry, sad to Indicate further tbe direction of future coopsret Ire set too vs may find neo#every. We expect to have specific proposals to offer la the aaar future. SOTtal hem 0. fowler Director of Beeltfa 4 Safstqf 4oc* 11 Jt!M'.'J w j j i1-^4. j "w w. .n m.* 11 i^j j mu0|iwwyr Jl. L I* 11221 a )sz >grca-rus. Arsmvss Ei-VJgxc t o k b u c e e j l c t t * Problaai la 19?3, tbs addition of tetraethyl lead to Motor fuel vu first considered, it vu fait that taers vu lxsaurrie lent infornaticn ooocsmlBg the possible eftt-rts cl this adiltlcxj oo the p-hlie's health. Za 1959, a second rerlev cl this p:-fcIm vu undertake-s, with d o eseertlal charts la the conclusion. At the pretest tine the --ouct of tetraethyl lead all' 1 to Meter fuel Is being Increase! slowly. Other rubs tonnes are also being ad>i, including tetrvcettyl lead, various --cytaete cuqwhi, and organic phosphates. Concentrate! aaougt* of each cf these r.- stances present proble-cs of toxic it/, \!-lc& have generally been handled skillfully by the industries that Manufacture an! distribute the additives or the fuel coctairlas then. Althou^i the lnlometlco developed for the ccctrol of Industrial haaards frea additives Is very useful. It Is not directly applicable for evaluation of cooeualty haiard*. on the other bead, ao cos has prove! that the present levels of pollution froo actor-fuel additives are ft--eglng to the public's health. There Is a need to establish principles sad Unite to detenta* the tcodeolcgy of actor-fuel additives an! their products, especially on the baalth of the public. Such guides should be promptly incorporated Into practices concerning the addition of such instances to Motor fuels. Background] Several different approaches have bees used in the past. For exalte, Meesurearats of lea! in urban ataoepfaeree have been Made over a nunbsr of years. Tbs proportion of lead fros aotor-fuel additives and the proportion fron other sources nay vary fron place to place. However, In areas vlth a good ccctrol prograa for industrial air pollution and a high population of actor vehicles. It la likely that nort of the ataosphario lead does coot fron aotcr-fuel additives. Fron \di*. is knows cf the baric clear cf lead. It Is clear that the likelihood of acute toxicity in public exposures la vary elicit. The probl--, than, la ana of chronic toxicity. Industrial toxicologists have found that If laad is accueulated In the body fron a given exposure at a rate exceeding that for non-exposeg persons, there is scac risk of toxicity. This general principle seeas appropriate as a guide for the toxicology cf caaeualty air pollution fron exhausted lead. Past studies have also shewn the particle dxe dlstrlbutlcn cf lead fron aotor vehicle exhausts and haw indicated that in certain particle ranges a vary hl^k proportion. In excess of 5C per cast of Inhaled lead, any be deposited In the lungs. It Is also known that less then 10 per cent cf orally ingested laad Is retainsd in the body. Potential tines of Attack] It Is lapartect to evaluate spate--tlcally the relationship between etaoepherlc lead and aotor fuel use, poetlbly by Bare detailed cbeoloal analysis of particulate lead, as well as aore detailed analysle of the particle site of lead in the ataoephere. The latter approach would also pernit better estlaation of the saoust likely to be retained. Xa addition, It would be very reasonable to determine average lead values In the blood and In urine of persons with various types of daily exposures, fur exacple, drivers *>o spend such tine on the freeways could be cohered with serrioe-station attendants, polloeaen, fire--n, and clerical workars. The ea-- Methods should be applied to persons who have -- occupational lead exposure la -1 I ww .niu.i;;i, j'j.n.(USUI>uiuit-awmrrv*'rwwvr; . jjj'Mw N 3396.01 niMWW^IWWMjaijUL WHJ-T,JJ'. M.m .,1 aM.VHWH > ^WWiy Lli11222 * Industries la vfclA lead la ndely u mI. An additional approach vould be to study tha amount of Lra-1 In various organa of persons bar* no fcacvn occupational exposure. The analysis should be den* la a laboratory fully fsal liar nth the study of --11 aaount* of load. Generally *pa*-Xlng, spactograffclo anaJymla has proved to ba a Boat efflclant technique. Other Pertinent Consideredlens1 Tbaaa studies ahould not taka mart than four or f Ira yaara. This la a vary urgent problaa and oca that ahould ba atudlad and rasolrad nthout da lay. Ha vork ahould ba carrlad oo In several localities, but it should ba cestrelltad by an agency, auob aa tha U. 8. Public Health Berrios, nth laboratory and tcaOcologle-4 facllltiaa. Tbe dlaclpllnaa Involved ai^jt Include pathology, toxicology, allnlcal aedlclne, chealstry, and spectroecojy. Also lxpcrtact in this study vould ba engineers fsdllar nth motor vehicle oparatloos. Tha principles outlined above vould also apply to tha study ct other poaslbla additives each at course being ccos lierad nth respect to Ita o m peculiar properties than added to tha pollution in tha stnoejbere. References j 1. Hsgrruscc, 1J. (Chelraan) Advisory CcsKlttee cn Tetraethyl lead to tha Surgeon General of tha Pvfclic Health Serrlca, *Pthllc Health Aspects cf Increasing Tetraethyl lead Contest in Motor Fuel", Public Health Sara, Pufel. Ho. 712 (1^59) 2. Echos, ft. A., "Berpaneee of Btnsa 8tfejecta to Lead Ccspounds', Ind. Mad. and Bur*. 8, 156 (1959) 3. Aub, J.C, Palxball, L. T., Minot, A. 8., and Retadtarff, P., *Leed Mwajaf, Medicine l (Ho. 1, Ho. 2} (192$) * Prcfclsa Bo. 110 In *100 Prdblena In Znrlroooental Health* compiled nth Grant Bo. BO-7263 (later redesign*ted tt-Z^2) tram the Public Health Berrloa, Dapaxtaest of Health, Hducatlce, and Welfare, Batbesda, Md. (l$6l) .njt-.w wi 111 Lm.n!i!fWFW'yB