Document dYeLgE0Jyp4DnegzQkNNavV09

w Jl(z-)/177 COPYRIGHT MATERIAL Not To Bo Furll-.cr RcprcJo.-cd Y/ilii-v.i' ` : ': ': O'. The Co; y;V' ' Owner JUN 12 1978 I'Clt s in Fish from Selected Waters of Nnv York Stole ' John J Spiignnli and l.iivmnci C Skinner ABSTRACT PCft tesidties in fish ftnin Jl Motions thtiiitf;hnnl AVn )otk Slate nr inotttloted tn /V7.V Ninth till fish totiuiitml f'CH'.s in deu i tnhle ontnunis nlthotinli the levels of lontaminotion out! sfn'ithi Attn hn varied the Hudson Hiver t onianit d the hiffh I'M knoim PCH eoneeniintions utthtn the United Stoles, levels often ill ifihtl 100 fifnn. (hint scoters ond fish \ehuh were sifttilth tools coniitniinolcd iin lode t.tikc Ontario snltuomd s ond Cttstif'ii Itth tale ttottt (htontlof;tt l.ttkt . i<re\iotisls (7imc</ to ft shine b,loose of oiehto \ tnotuou nation. also it/t/nors to linn iiFii.nmndv lugh levels of /'( II \ opptna, hin$ in some mutinies llu in non level of the I nod ond Dint; Adniini.stiofion. li.S l>t linmiii tit of Health. I iltti ntion and Welfare. Satn/ilt s (rout nta tine isoiits ffeneiollv have contunnnani levels \itb.\iantiall\ below yil iijini A somnutt of /'( /I data t <dlet ted dm inn 1^70 7 S is presented. llilrtuhtt tit/n 'I he Division ol l-ish and Wildlife. New York Slate Dc piulmeni ol Environmental Conservation. began analyzing fish llcsli lot DDT in the early 1700`s. This work w as con ducted m icsponse to data suggesting that chlorinated hy dioc.iihiuis may inleileie with reproduction ol fish and witdlilc lesomccs Results of the investigation led lo Slate icstudious on use of DDT in 196.5. During this time, rcseaich indicated that DDT analyses could be biased through sample coiitimiiniition with similai comptmmls. polychlori nated biphenyls (POI's) (K). To minimize errors in future woik, both Dl)l ami PCH's were extracted and unulyml lo obtain separate vulues From 1971 through 1075 PCB's wete evaluated in all I'islr flesh analyses as a part of DIXI monitor ing I he recent coneern over the impact of PCB's on human health ami llieii possible died on New York's naimal re sources as well as teporis ol their ubiquitous nature (6. If. fil) precipitated a shift from low-level monitoring S. * \ <l> Suit' l'. |i*lli. M ol I in milinii no' < ntivrivMli'A. H(IH'*|I ol I rtOlon mmol I'ri.n-. Inm. Ml Mull Kotil. A Hum S V OJI.I Vtif II. No. 2. Sin i Mill H 1977 In lire statewide monitoring described in ibis report 1 he new program promulgated by (he Department of F.nviron menial Conservation in August 1V>7.*S revised all existing directions. Specific fish species and desired sizes were do fined (Table I). Stations were located in most large water ways throughout tfie State where PCB contamination could occur (f igure I. Table 2) and. when possible, where earlier samples had been taken. Several Adirondack streams were included to ascertain statewide ambient conditions Where contamination was known lo exist sampling was intensilietl. I Ins was the case ol the Hudson River where inm dinalel) high condonations of the contaminant in fish were reported by the U S. environmental Protection Agency (f.PA (./ft) ... lire objectives ol this program were to determine the level and extent ol I'C'B coniamumtion in fish inhabiting or mi grating through major waterways in New York State and to isolate contaminated portions or reaches of waleiways. thereby identifying specific areas to be addressed by agen cies which control water pollution ' I ABLE; t. He.sired spei tes and .lire disinhiaton of fish ftom AV. York ssoteis ,mo/s:e.lfo- I'CH tool,in. /V7.S Ml (III N ' 1*111 ' SniallmiiMth has* l.ifi-nniMih Ssw Wlk->1 IIuIIIHihIv (mlilti.li Sm Lviv SliipvJ lu Salmon <t oSol I. runout Kunliow or Mvvltvi.l I *li' ...... 1 SliAiiiinm niirnht'f ol livh fi-i viinnilv nnv f* ` AV>IJ)!r llllllll'l'l Ol llvll |> 1 V4lll|-ll njv v ' VI minium miihhi-i >1 I ivli p. > v jinfit.' w ,i\ v * Vlinimiiiii nutnli.-i ol livh p. r *tiipli w.i. - MONS 001ZZI M n Stations selected for f'ivh sampling were included in a inui<ti water column and sediment monitoring program conducted by the Suite Division of' Pure Waters. Data from nil sources me Ixing used to truck down soutccs of PCli tontiinnnalion uml to recommend remedial art ion. The composition of the fish samples directed to the lahora lories varied slightly, depending on the success of tin col lection teams. Specifications in Table I were flexible in order to accommodate a sampling ptogram involved wiih diverse waters. Specific instructions requested that at each location members of two trophic levels, predators uml lor uge species, be sampled in three* si/e categories: soul) m sublcgal. medium or minimally legal, and large l-'ish Coltft lionx The collection team chose the representatiu' spec iev and Kcgional I'ish and Wildlife personnel were instructed on followed the length and number specifications in I able I. specilic species and si/es of fisli desired, general location In those areas where a commercial species is haiveMed. of the Millions, and timetable lot collections. Sampling representative specimens were included. methods wrie primarily gill nets and clectrofishing; an I gling and rotettone wcic used wlicn other techniques were All specimens were individual!) lagged, measured ami inadequate. On occasion. Iisli were donated by or pur weighed, placed by gtotips m polyethylene bags, mid de chased liont commercial and recreational anglers. posited in a cooler or Irec/er foi shipment to a lahoiaioiv 70 I't si it tot s Monmokim. Joi i<\ \i MGNS 001222 N i > ti.o No ' I TAIII.I. 2. Smii nith MunphnK smtnnts for H( H ninth Wa ii imii o l'|p|>rf tloiUiiH Koei Madina Ho.i |i l.nnci lliokon Hurl Mntian l Hun Sine.a Om'iiln (>m cpo Hivitv 1 ill I nt Nii|;ai< Hitrl I akr I i..' N,'ai Riui I *l< OlllHIIM t 'h< nn.'ip Ron S.iiquiiiatma Kim i Hilanai. Hoe. Kohilniii Hon MiiliawK Kiici Senna 0nruli''0\rfo Misfit llir Canal Niifaia Ron I .l (in i.alr Onlaoo Cheinimp. Sviipiihatina IVli.ar, Am York '-IV7S A Mo e ( ot mih Al I oil I tinatil btln liOKIll I IcitIR ( 5 noli i hel.ua Mol Ltlnaid tt aliilmil ana ( na.ki. < auk.ll aiea Iliad Hudson Mi-mli .l tapping, it ( ink MmuII. itl I tupus ( hi I. KingsumlKliineilifl Mi.tfpe I i|i|>ia /n lliulpi ana C.otp. SS' a a h. i^inn llndy. i Hiphlaiid'l'nughltepti. ana tti.n.loai Moil iihio. Iiim dam Melon S. hem . lady Hilun Onsktny llilim l ull..* Hi Ion Clyil, Helm. l.imslnn Ounkirk Oil Koihetlei Oswego I'ulaiki (valin.iai.Kl llel.-n lii.li.aiia lletnn I'l Jeieo I air ( lintiifila.n l ake (it-c.ifi l.akr ('hantplmn St lantern.- ltolii.li I an.linp l'lIUhui|; Hit. k Non Si I ami*. Moo Sinn a < Inei.la IKui p,> Morn Mppn Hudson Mo t i limp Mini Oppn IIimImhi Kim i (irniir* Moo Siut-i a Omnia t lit < p.o Horn Hlail Run KaifUrili Kivu I .iltnh l oh Mjrkil Albany I tah Maikii Onondaga l.akr Wi|liMitioa. 'lli<i>u. I Hini Maime K'aui. Champlain Canal llonl... k l.aki CanailHt t akv ( anamJaipug Lake Kruia l.ake Sr net a l.aki Sean a Riv.i IK Monl. Mtina National Wildlile Hrl.r. oi sii'juju1 rcnioi Common names ol fishes used lltroufthoiii ihis report ate those adopted tiy (In- Anuiuaii fisheries Vot 11. No. 2, Sin i sthi k I <777 Society (/> unit aie presented with their scicniiftc iioiih clalme in Table 3 HONS 001223 TAIII.I S l ommnn ottil uu ititfi, inims\ of foh and xhrllfislt tpr. u x iitittliTctl b>r l'< It s - /V75 S<HN NMt AiOnIh li"|'i n Amriai in i'l Nliarl-I.v 1 fci-Mataji All witr AflarliiiM `Ini' AiUtiix (oHl'idtii ( mo <h 111, hrtunf tutu- Mlinnn hiMHih tilimm Kaiahot lamai All.aala, Ihhmi I *1. till"! KlintniM `mi lt I liaiH v*. liul Nllh, H |'il< ta.iUlavh .. Sd'fi n-lliial*r Kliiatltirlit ii iltioiM' Rliion hMlIhciil Ch.imil > illlvh liuiisrlnli Att.lllat ('ll Atlanaii itattia imI hue Ailamu iil'fi'utr V.U,u (,vt,h 'Shut )i" In" Krtllait-ivl vUHfavla l'm|iliti"i <1 llltla-fill Snialliniii-ll' ! I ai|Tiiini"l> I'.v, Ill.at . .-n<i. Wllut ji.iih WtaUi-vi IllMi liati Mlitla.1i Si ii|i All.tfli. tniilm-l UllllllH HIM (iiiiMn Nmimii i llnManli'1 WiMct tliHtliiln Nmlhi'iH I'iiUii A. ifrntri i'll rAwi. hut Angiiillo I'ilium AI"Ht iirliKuhi Ah-ui rnfm Almn ta/m/miMii tlirmiiiliu firuiMrii. < 'lafomat until" On, mh Aim lituhk rlfi< nt\at1ir litanufihi Anfmia gtilrJnni Sulmo utlm Snlttlimo mtinntt mh Oimr.Hi nnfdm ( aiomai aiHif niiiiliwHH iiiimMi.ial M-Uilltuun amtttrmm Mi'ttnhtfUn "tut iflrfilAi'Win I. mluiut mAtt/.amv It luluttn rii< lt'l>hint itmnii ntm\ titului mnthuu Mit rvgaihn ;> "if I ui'Miti hn.un hlui Afrmrfan "ii liVm M.it.aRr dm Hiaiw AI.ie.iNf thtyitipi Mftttnr wimilii Amhlnpll't 'NfH I i/Mmii imrttNt I rfthh-aut I t ptuni* mm ei Atm, Mta lupli *N< tb`liimii ui Mit ntpifnn ntlmfiAtt rt.w.*in ni/>h'mit, ultilut Ctiait fhnr>ifi Slt;.iHiJl"* i Itea earn PomufitmUi lulliila.l ( lINXal.Nt ngtlht S'tm'lomns thnu'ftt louli'Kii a>mla Aiilftliut'iu* K'linmrni I Annum, IAtneeae. Alina... iphulnt aa. aa.M Mi Pntttht hlbtt tU aaeailMa ttrud<iplrutt'nrtu% itmi'itu Sph"i nmlimm uhtiui IUhi l.w a iih Kniili.'e* l.al.^lrl lliail t-Uin S1 >1n> AiMiii. il' niMrt t'litiiaainn tmim l ( ullim fra utpitlm t/naiMMfiii nmt tit iiuhi Mittruanu miiaftnanu Sfaiotitt >t.tatia>imi Mnilut tAuhi Laboratory A Italyscs Font Slate laboratories eollJiboiatnl in the analysis ol lish flesh; Department of Imvironmeniu) ('onservation l.uhoratories ni Rome and Sitmy UrtHik. Department ol Agrieultme ami Maikel Food l.abotatory in Alliany. ami the DcpntlmeiM ol lleallh (iriflin l.uboiatory in (JiiiUlcrland I.un ited analyses were etmcUuled in the Huffalo. N.Y.. laboialot) nl the Food and I>rti|? Administration. I' S Depart menl ol lleallh, F.duealion, ami Wclfaie. Specific analytiutl leclmitpics htive heen desetihed V. 10. N, IS, 17, V) 72 Frozen fish samples were defrosted. generally prepared O', described hdnw, ground three times. umJ blended. FISH SIZI Vffjr tmill lrv thin 10(1 ; FKI.f'AKAIION Whaal, livla inm(i<>tiiri. ut lMt Smill HH> I Ml f Mrdiuan ?' SI <r Jumhi. c>cr M i. II,.J iihI i,i rii atani.vrd Indivx1u.lt aumfiii.iird tlrid l4 viirru Ifmi.vtd Ci<nt|<iaailt it aerdid Lftl llllil cal Inlk-MCM hill ia( Ifll tillrl ilh .Van ani.il eimi|in>i(c <1 airfdrd Ani.il.ai Ihiaat of Irlc filla-a *xh Brown bullhead. American eel. and Allantic Ocean fish were the only species stunned bcfo'rc grinding; this is tlie common method of preparing them for consumption Composites of medium Ihiough jumbo fish were made of ground and blended flesh; total weight of each individual was proportional lo the total weight ol the composite. Laboratories performing analyses are noted in Tables 4 and S. Recoveries by the analytical techniques cited above arc 85 percent or more. Data were trot adjusted to reflect recovery rate. F.ach procedure has a sensitivity of 0.01 ppni although two laboratories reported results only as low as 0.1 ppm. Very limited numbers of fish from Lake Ontario were subjected to mass spectrometry for confirmation of analytical results. A quality assurance program was implemented to assure that results from the various lahoratoiics were enmpara bio Table 6 shows that none of the participating luhora lories had contamination problems; all reported zero lor sample A. At the level ol approximately I /ig/ntl of extract, which corresponds to the action level of 5 /ig/p in fish, precision among the laboratories was remarkably good. No gross bias existed, although the laboratories had standard Aroclor mixtures obtained ul difterctil times and one laboralor) used Aroclor 1242 lor quantitation instead of Aroclor 1016 Results at higher concentrations indicate similar agreement. In Table 6. (lie two sets ol results ftoin Griffin Lahoratorv illustrate the effects of using separate stumlards to quanti tate the two Aroclor types and ol using a mixed standard Although all laboratories used individual standards. Table 6 results indicate basic similarity to results obtained for a mixed standard. Aroclors 1242 and 1254. This is proba bly due to differing gas chromatograph column cotuh lions, and differing techniques of measuring the various Aroclors. To measure check samples micIi as these the umof indtviduul Aroclors is the most desiruhlc. but lot on viiunmcntcil samples which arc neatly always mixtuies. use of mixed standards is analytically (aster and probably more accurate Table 7 supports this contention, some laboratories used mixed standards and some used imli I't sik ti>t s Muni tORiNt. Jim.kn ai M0NS 001224 |l<i|iv-n Ni*n TAIU.L 4. Conrenrrotioii.s of PCB's in fish ttnii shellfish in AVm- York Stole, IV?.5 1.7 DUCK SmAllinmHh h*n CuN( I HIAAIKIN (/ Wuuiiii i> Avia.oi Hu. WKlIry*' Yfllm* pcitli While Hirkd Ktvei (I 'll liliultl IvIum <>r iaI I In,fir ( iwopony) J OM' H IIu.Imwi Hivrf 4 (` (niln Klim ti*l Idwvril ( < H Smallntovih h\ IliulMinhiwi IVnll* iiri) 4A DIC K l-t-iltmi Rivo I'YatriluHll I'/rM llmltmi Ktv.l (brW liny l>wn> 6 7. li DM R ( .miimttil Afil pagr, v.ii . 11. No. 2. SmxMM.R 1977 llrt.tvn AtHvricAA eel 1 lli<"t<, bvllhrtd Win,* inckn Smullmiwlh kill WrJItvr Stnprd h Wlmlr filh 1247/1016 I2M I 7*7/1(116 IJM 1244 I7M 1242/1016 I 244 I7--/IIM6 1244 10 11 1242/1016 * 71 I?4M0I6 i.'M 42 4. Vi Mi I * '( 7' Vi 0 HI 27 44 0 14 HONS 001225 Hr |/4 7 , i jmi ,7'/ TAHLI-. 4 (coni'll )- Cuncrntrationn of rVll's in fish and shellfish in A'<>*' York Suite, fr, ?* I. I >1 ( H biki l.ai|irnu"lh htsii Yflli |>nth Whitt ptn h I'htln pukrirl Wl K.llllll Avi*i.i Awrm*n U tmimmil ro Wl 74 Amrin>* frl AlllMII sttlpMli Hfoort hull(ifcl AlUntu mrnh:idrn h<i> Whitt iHtlci (>|. liiiilltNiMith halt Wluh kockrl flllrk ilftpptt lip<mi>wth h* ttlm'hiik littmif; Wllt)v Smiltmoliih hti Whitt tMrkn Num* bulllniil Smallmoitih feat* l Ml 0 7(1 F'l.S IK mi $ MuNiroAiNi. )miNM HONS 001226 M TAHI.I'. 4 (cool'd) Cum entraitons of I'CH's in fnh and shellfish in New York Slulc, /V7.5 Slili>\ I.anriM*>< ' ( on< irtiaiuiM ui i IN.HII II A t IBAI4 HlUl l>H I,ati'Mt<>*il* H*k Nnrlhvift |lr 1)1 < K I.i.IJIiOi li|:intUlli lit. Smullrmiulh hi 4 hue h"-v t)|( HDAM fimtllmuiHh lutt ft itllcyr Yillntt (>> h I 10 0 AU 0 III 0 40 1 At' liniiMii riinoml saliix-n 1 nti< ivlfMitfi ('IniMiik vklmttn Kaiiil< tnwl III 111 6 07 It intitaur/ t.'U |'ilr) Voi .11. N(). 2. Si 1*11 Mill M 1*>77 Whilr Itt lt'li V.ll.iv. pt'uh Ni'Mht r* (tik. l>" Smallmi'iilli hast Mw k V*' Hlott n Itvllhi ml 1747/101* 174* I 7 '4 MONS 001227 2 TABLH 4 (cool'd ). Concentrations of PC.B's in fish and shellfish in New York Stair. 1975 Wain l.*he (IntMin (Ralmnn R>ri/ Faletbi rul Oemter Kl*ei fhrHHi|t >i*ri Ibrltmit Kivn lake (ifM|r t.4br Che*nplei*i K imtliwfe aril /hije) 76 Slam>h l.amjaanwv'1 twill fvmpkinteetl Walleye Rainbow imrll American eel Black dipfK While tvcfcfi 1? DliC-R Cohn talmoa CM iHHik lalmon IK UK Sntallmovlli ban IV DAM to l>ll Silver ickhwit Smallmovth ban IikI bait While ia< Ilci Snillmaaili hatt Walleye 71 till While tucker Carp Smtllmnuth bin While tucker American cel 77 Oil A OIC R Ukr liotH Rkinhna Iroul Smallnoalh bill Vellow /mb 73. 24 OH Cutp Smetlmouih han Walleye Northern Tike ARM urn 17*70016 1734 I242MOI6 1234 1247/1016 1234 <242/1016 1234 1742/1016 1234 1242/1016 1734 1242/1016 1234 1242/1016 1234 1247/1016 1734 1247/1016 1254 1242/1016 1234 1747/1016 1734 1242/1014 1234 |74fcifil6 1734 1247/1016 1234 1742/1016 1234 1242/1016 1234 1242/1016 1734 1242/1016 1234 1242/1016 1734 No. Fnit Anat rein IV NllMtl* 04 Amalviii 4 s4 10 4 CoNirm Winiimu AeiUM.t 0 0.01 0 2 17 0 2 10 Hk.ii 0 0 26 0 39 0 4 33 27 00 6 71 10 74 66 33 V 20 00 1 33 7 07 00 1 IV 7 90 00 9.31 17.67 21 13 0.11 2 21 6 9k 17.01 1) 3 1 77 4 0 2.73 >6 14 3 1.55 3 0 1 43 2.4 12 3 7l 1) j 00 0 Mi 1.3 0 40 0 4 0 40 0 4 0 29 0 3 0 33 0 9 12 2 ___ 0 20 . 0 2 0 45 0 3 2 O 13 0 3 0 73 0 7 11 J 0 20 0 2 0 10 0 1 11 7 0 4| 0 3 1.73 1 3 37 j, ,J 1 73 1 6 0 67 OR 0 40 0 4 0 30 0.3 1 24 2 1 0 3b 0 L<> 0 0 J! 1 16 1 1? 0 JO 1 1* 4 4 0 7 14 3 03 10 03 6 O 07 02 04 01 1u 0J 0K 03 13 0* 0 f. ,, 0 1247/1016 1234 1242/1016 1234 1742/1016 1734 1747/1016 1234 1747/1016 1234 1242/1016 1234 1742/101 6 1234 1747/1016 1234 10 6 14 13 10 29 y 4 5 0 71 2 0 0 J 94 13 0 0 6 0O <1 00 -| 00 1 INI 3 0 29 1 0 0 O 77 1 0 ' J 0.37 1 7 0 0 31 0 0 2 0.30 0 6 0 j J.95 4 7 ' / 6 0 73 3 0 ,, 1 71 1 3 II 1 0 30 0 3 0 20 0 2 2 07 0) 01 Pi sii^ini.s Monitor]N(i JlM'RNAI HONS 001228 TAIll.l'. 4 (lont'd) ('onvcntratiom of l`(.'R` \ in fish ami shellfish in New York Stale, / V7.5 ! >>>><>*> ' WlH.IIII |> AVI lll.l Si I iimt Hin ! alts' JV IS III < H It ll ?h |>M *1 lH M h(ii n hullhnil SmtllffliHilli Kikk W.llryr W.llf). Riotsn hullin'all Smallmnutli halts Slintlhcml it'dlmrsr Sniallni<>ath ht>s hiillhiatl io 0j While satkfi U4M0 04R I1U l?4M(l l.'4K l?VI AllaMit iwaliiilrii I'd? Mil U4H 1JM (.'42.101 1 }4H l,'N4 II iHinnurrf iti tl /<>) Yiil I!. No ?. Si i'll MHI K I <>77 AiIiMh matliirl I M? Ill1 I? VI MQNS 001229 Ksmm 0 ? ll ' TAHI.Ii 4 (conl'd.). Concentrations of PCB's in fish and shellfish in New York State, 1975 Summer Himotfri Winter flounder 1742/1016 I24K 1254 1242/10(6 <2411 1254 I242'I0I6 I24K 1254 1242/1016 1244 1254 8lr ( lt (lb NiH'lirt* Muiri 7H Pl.N1 K ll1S MONIIOHINI. loi'KNVl MONS 001230 TAB1.I\ 4 (conl'd ) Contentnilions of PC It's in fish and shellfish in New York Stale. IV7S Siainim Sh< ir No tl\M Nl Mint <>l Atuioa AvaIvmii Aniim\ Com i mii* hum i ai ' WlM.MMO AVI,,,".. Hm.'m" " In* ( aiMKil.oi 'i , | *i. Kaiiiti.iw (rout Whtlr tntlft Riinti>iv .mill HO tf >V o 97 7K 0 t* 7 l INI IK IK IK Ik <1 (l (I , - tt < 0 0U IK IK l' f* f* 0 I* n TK IK TK IK ( II IK Ik " (, II || Kaml-ott vinrll IJ4M(I|(* I2M i?4?'imr* I. v S.-nt ..i Ink,' Vi DICK tak. iiomi ( I al. !* ( K l.ilo li.*m Mini)' /..in, Nai.iMial 41 1*1 I H C aij> W.liH.I, M.'lHfi 174? HI I h I ?A4 1712,1111* I7S4 1 247 Mill. 1(1 7 * * | >...niii.it inl, HI C K I >t|.aiim..il ..I I i..iio.iiiit'niat I ..n.tit jimn . K.nr I ahni.it.i.y . S.-u Yml Suit HAM ..I \f,i. i.l.uti ,n.l Mmlil. I I al.niatniy Nett Yt.lli Suit' Hit Ihf.il lf.it hi ..1 Hi'atili (in 11 in I al.niai.ti t Nm I ml Suit' III I VII tit |,am,nrin .it,.. n..t>nti'MUl (. ohm'I. alum Slimy Mn.nl I lnntnit . Nit, Ynrl Suit ' Ifnli. Art ihtt Mti' 1*1 lUI, nr ti.* t aim' If st iliifi I* at n ,,i..l. J in . ,1k nan lilt. A " lt|il. *' IK , Nti uni ili ti'innattl * In. Iml,, ,.nlt lith antlt nil Itimh an*. Ii*it * ink iml in. liulr.i ' Sa*n|'l. Hi, l.nlrt Ht- tn f lilt i t.rd.rran ni*lt-<i.|'t. nm n ' Sntni t. ilnit nit, tin (mil Ink l..i ulnt k Aik. Ik, 124.'' |u I* >\ itnl dt'it Intinr.l 1 N,iin|*t.' i|,ii t ni*l i (it hull I Inti |.<i tt In. li Ar.'t lm 1214 uat ani tltlt'i ititn.'.l ` Sau.,.1 .tm . nnl int tuik 7 Ink tot ukn k Am. loi I 7S4 n..l .l. it ri.inn'il * ...... . .. . nm im tint.' I7 I nil I n * tilth Am. I.n 17'4 it not tit'll i .liin.'tl * l).il.t in |*ai. nil., in an vi (l.l.<l at nap. t'( II ..i. rfiliation-. it. IiiiIiM|: iii Inh u.lli . t. I'l'ii.i'allt l..)li . ..in r noalum. Vet 11. No. ?. St fit Mti l K I y 7 7 0 ' It MONS 001231 l> 0 ( Kuti Hudvtfi Kiwi !<> IHml Monilmit ( i rl M*iupn Nun ( kr l hi|>lm I tlr I lit' Ni*m Mini (( inilllwril aril pr*/| HO TAIU.ti V Cttnu niniiintis of f'( II . in/tsh, 1970 74 (||M< I N lA IIIIN III f|| Sri < it s SmulliiKHiiti t>*M laiKmitailh hm SmallnNiurti t>*is Sin|il Inn Allinlii viurfiim NiMlhmi pil<` Vfllim pffi'h WTiilf p iil HI*l Hiippir ISlHiplinMTlI Ww-piH Nrilliirait uinlixh Sih<IIihii|Ii Imv l arpriiimilh liau I'lHI'UlIl hill .Xmalliiiiialh liiu l.aipimualli lim W.H.yr Niiillii'in pikr CliaiH piilml Allaniu iiliiKin Hlail mppH' ( hiati l i *1(1x11 III in* p Imllhvad litiliwatti duim Wkiir iiwlrt Yrlliu* pnrti H hilt- lull (`flltlt \*llllllfl ( lilinml xalmiia Saifllmiialti ln\s I kiIoiii Hiani Smallinmtth 1**vx W.llr y<I mbM*tri tfrvni 1*70 72 ITO 72 ivn> u IV7.I I'M I'M 12X4 IJ4MI<1 I242/M7I6 1247-1014k IJ4?'IIII6 1542 IHI6 1242/1016 1242. I(HA 1742/ 1016 124?' 1(116 1547 1016 174.7/1016 1742 11*16 I'M I7M I5M 17 >4 1747.1016 I742-MH6 I74?i 1016 1742.1016 M0NS 001232 mu AvlMM Mu.ii 0 IH tl II 6 7*(* IW> 6 4715 70) J7 III 17 Ml 10 4* 46 61 17 7* 0 7V 0 97 07V IX HI 0 U 0K 047 0 7X 7 Ml 9 S? 0 J7 0 R0 1 21 7 7 0 6N 0 70 PlMICIIMS MONI MINIM. Jot KM TAH1.L 5 (cool'd ) Cumrnirulionx of PCIt's in fish. 1970- 74 ('<>N< I MIIAIIIIN <.< t'l | V I ilr (Iftliiin I A< OniHitx I'xlniiin Ki*ii t'uUski Vk. ul ( hi< silnmn ( hmii.iK tiltnmi Himhiiw lii'lil KiUltirin pike Miullmmith I.iipfftmtilh hiss Km L hus Vliili hiss Wluir pen h up Kimhiiss smrh 55 hull1 I dibit- I aIi- Until SaIiimii Khi i I'ldiUl \5inl Kuril.lli'Hl < iiIim silmtin ( iijm silninn i I inirn.r Him Snullniowlli hs Willijc Slmpni (spv-i tvs ( liinnrt mlish Siiiillmimlli hiss Musirllinpr * Hurt i fuMion SmillmiMith buss Wliili hiss hnialtmi'lilh hnss ViiIIivi Yrlliin prnh Sniillimnitli hiss t ..niinutii ni <1 fugt) lltiiMh Hull Voi II. No. 2. Si i*i i.miu k 1977 ii Ana mi Ati > 4 1254 m* i?5i 1754 1254 1254 1254 ?w i: * > 4 * 1154 1254 175* Wih.iiiio Av*a(.i II) ? ) 42 1254 l?54 >0 70 I ? '4 1254 1254 12 5* 1247. Illlh U4M<llf. 1242/IOIh '>42101* I 247-1(1*45 1>54 7'4 1254 1:54 I ? 54 12*4 HI Jv 7 *b HONS 001233 MWBS 2 TAHLL S (conl'd.). Commirations oj PCR's in fish, 1970-74 COH( < Nil* Mil" (1 MU. I 1 ai< lliam I lit' ( nirtit I lit kri I lit I nit (*iiH|:r IlftiHitUj'a I lit OnrHll I lit Ptftoln* fcrivlioH Sat atop* l.iit fti httfuMi Murtvolt SmiMniiiuth bi*y Ktftitllmtiuti hnky l.atitrmoutft hi\v Sintllmouth l*5t I.Hprm.vulti hm Timallmttuih hitt Vrlltut |trtth l'wrn|>kinktr(l JtmalliMinilh bait I.MgrniiiUlli hut NuMhrfn fuit Vrllott (ttiih l`uM|>liatrrd Whttt tvt in .......... . lit) l.ttfr'iiiMtlh hist MtliWI Idiul SniiUmmilli imt 'Muir tuiici I ii|-rnuuilh hKs l.liffniiitith Italy Kamhiiw iinul I air ti.ial Nniallmnath halt 'Molt |*l*ltli Vrllt"* fay-ay fc Nmlltvia pilt Mlaii ntr*rt IttkkwMtt drum MlitHfi IiuIMkimI i haatMiy-l (ultik Ann-lit an ttl SnilllmKtflh Italy liionii iiont .Smilln<(Nil|t kitt H'afli M>n intiit t him pti iift l t.ai|'riiMial|, tijw 1971 1971 1971 1971 1971 1970 197(1 1970 1970 1970 1*70 1970 1970 197(1 (971 1971 (V7I 1971 1971 1971 1971 1971 1971 1977 1977 1977 197? 1977 1977 1977 1977 1971 1971 1971 1971 1971 (971 1754 1759 1754 12 >4 1IM 1254 1754 1754 1754 1754 1754 1754 1254 1754 1754 1254 1754 1754 1254 1754 1254 1754 1754 I2M 1754 1754 1254 1754 1754 125* 1254 17 54 1254 1254 1754 I2'4 1754 1254 551 ton i a a* Ahmoi 1 44 2 07 2 ' 4 5V 0 57 0 5? 0 '7 0 77 0 III 20 92 0 15 70 97 0 15 0 '4 0 54 1 5 4 74 ft 07 0 71 2 ON 7 ft2 0 M> 1 ti ll 05 p"'l K2 \ M0NS 001234 t A 1*1.1 ? (utnl'd ). Cottii'titrillions of f'CII'x in fish. IV7II 7-1 ( iin( i hiiuhk m n, , V\ silt Smi Avmwhi' AmMvsis Wiiuiiin At||M,i Hu,. Allmih Oir.m Hla.l ua|i|>K Sni|ir<l Imvs Hlurlisli Hmlri nvnilrr Allatilii iilvrisidr SIiimiiiiji hnf \|>in)' tlnylisli Noflhfiti lohMi'i Oysi.i 1971 1977 IV77 7 977 74 I97S-74 1977 1974 1972 1974 197-1 l?5.| 125* 12 SJ I7S4 1254 1754 1*54 1254 1754 1754 w> v vim 9 MI 7I I 1( 5ft 1 TR m 0 57 1 47 k. (i in <> m o 1l> U 7' Cl *7 015 || is 0 4 II 15 \IH| hi svlls laln.l.it. .1 nnls I-i lln.s. lull Iim nhi.h ihv i|mili< P(`ll was fipiiflt.l AIT analysts i-'t*iliuli'il hy llrpiilmeiil i*< Himir. N 4 , iui'l'1 Ailanin (ln-an analysts uhiili su it mnilai it'd by lh( Slimy III.ml l.ati.nalniy iixlualt's ahstas. .! ilm.i 1 I'ai.-nlh.lit iMinilsris imIhI. in' mdi.ulnal Inti willi hiyli P( II ion.rnilttmn nmtntal Ci>mci.iii II >| <> ij I A lil I (i l.uhitniuii\ t ttnifuniMint of sintfe uroilot* in hixntu- nnrf-tsmm lam solutions Mi sunn s. y ml ' ' II. llrs-im Sl.siiAan DAM oi r sm HIM. 174? 1751 <19 * NV Is., in lam <. >.| ||.m. <l sihkiIiimIsI li-.tnl.iiii'il .(alHlaiilsi KIM. 17 54 Mllli HUM 1747 \> 5 77 II 127 5 MO M5 175 5 714' 92 II I Mi I 7(1 (1 SO 0 120 NV NV 171 * ' | atmiai......... dr DAM IVpai Hmm ul Apn. vlim. and Mail.ls. I mid l.ahniatniy . N.- Ynll SlaK Dl (' SO O.'iiaHKirnt nl I fisininnii'Mil < nnsvrst'mn. Slimy Kiiml l.atmialiwy. No. Yml 5|ai, Ml <' HI I h`|ia*iMi i*i 'l I n. itnniMi'iilal ( nnn is alum. Him. I aliinalnrs . Nr a 5'*t5 Dll Di'ii.iitintMl nl lli-allli. (in11m i atsnialmy . Nos Ynrl Stair I PA MSI n.ii.mnn nlal I'mioiii.n Aprnsy I ahoitUicy. H.-ginn II. Nra Yuri < il> V T mi i nil'.' li'p.ill. il l..| ibis Am. Ii VS on saHi|ili- seal In (In. I.ilmui.ws * hi vulai 11 |mili'|t as Am. Im 174.' and I '54 * hi M.lin n |i.nIvlt as Am. (nr I ? *f k l>H 115 NV II |s 79 K 1 `Til 4 l .1(1 2 44 7|41 Ki 1/ 7<9li II) l?(. 4i 111 Xi HONS 001235 Kt y I J TAIU.i: 7 l.uhomtory tompurison of PCIt's in fish Hi iiiui v. t-m ' 1 Stun i A*l>< III! Ol.< S! (MXH 1)11 V4H Ml mu, i/ii NS IUII ion. I'M INMTSI nv vs NV ?.sn I 4M? NV NS NV I 0 ft.4 7 16 MH44 I4M |U 16 17M 174? I.'S4 1(11 ft I'M |'4> I'M NV 6ft NV 7 ft) ` NV ) 5) NV ft )4 NS NS ' I htitaim) unit IIAM I t.f <>l A|'iiiilliil ami t)|| Ml Ocihiiiih M ill l.axminmi'iMtl . Ii><l I alalr) . N( Yml Stall' aliiW. Rtoft) Blink l.aftotilury . Nc Vml III (` H Di-pafliiirM l.niiinainrnlal Coft'rnalioft. Mi*nir I.abnalmy, Nt Viol Rlalr Dll l>rr*'innm i'1 Miallft, (hillm . Nt V<h S|*ii I l)A ' limit ami lliay AfliiiiniOialiim lah.M mi). Ni- ) ml .NY NV mi aliif tfl'iiilrd (m lbi Anulni NS nn tatHpIr M HI li' Ihit lalmialiH) NA timplr mil anal) <vil * Ml tinmiaul Uritaliun iWnmH.il alii-n thru- nr hIIh irnl aaalytri (<>i , iimpa'ium 'Hipunril a\ AiikIho 174' and l.'.M 1 DA ftll. 2 )2 NS vidunl standards. bill ihc agreement fw Aroclor I2M is reasonable. Unfortunately. no split samples contained much Aiocloi 1016 bill fiom (lie synthetic check samples lhe!, is no tetison to believe ili.il agreement would he dif ferent lot (Ins miKliire Results Tallies 4 ami .S summarize results ol the t`J7^ PCH analyses and compilation ol emlier lesulis. l:or ihc purpose of the discussion eoneeniialions as a function of fish length are not discussed. Dntu are being compiled loi use as a re soiiicc management tool wherein haivesi of specific lengths may he regulated in pioicel die consumer while tisiiij' die resoutee. t'urlhcrmorc. concentiation'lcngdi species eoirelalions may shill preferred species managemeiil in eonlaminaled wntcis lo favor ihul group of lish will) a low propensity loi PCH accumulation Whole fish analysis lesnhs have been separated from Mesh analysis re sults 'I he dutn are offered as a weighted average of each individual analyzed Irom a eompositc sample and aie de rived using the following formula. (vn'n I 'll I I'n I I 'n t 2'n i 7-i . . .) Weighted ('n i n * I t viH 2 i . .) average (conecnlraiion of PC D s) Where, for each species of fish; n. n + I. n i 2. etc. *n, xn I I. xn < 2, etc 'n. 'tH I. V* 2. etc. individual oi group ol fish analyzed, number of fish in group n. n -i I. n 4 2. eie. concentration of PCD ol group r. nil. n I 2. etc Zero concentrations were included m the weighted aver age. High and low individual readings in each sample are included to indicate end points of the data. Pis(nssinn PC'B'.s are a ubiquitous contaminant ol most environments The source of this inumihu turcd compound caries hut up pears to he primarily indusities. open burning or incincra lion of solid wastes and waste oils, or migration from div posal sites (/.I). Once in the environment. PC'll's. like oi gimoehlorine insecticides, ate icadily availuhlc for biomngnificution since they arc fat soluble compounds ah sorbed and stored in animal lipids. Nadeau (/r>) suggest a hypothetical transfer model for die hiomagniiicution ol PC'B's in the Hudson River; (Absorption) PLANKTON (Grazing & Ingestion) AOUI.OUS PH AS! ----- > l-PILAUNAL COMMlINniliS ^ (Alisorption & Sedimentation) (Ingestion) SITMMI.NIS SIHNI-KS. YOUNG PLRCH (Ingestion) ----- > SNAII S ROC K HASS Pi si k lot s Moniionise Jocks v HONS 001236 l Mils model can be modif ied lo show direct uptake by each --Ihc 1971 analytical results and the single white bass noted biotic community from the aqueous phase (//. /#, IV). above. Through this avenue. 11 sternly state may be achieved within a short period of lime (.130 days) in highly contaminated whicis (3.f. 24). Thcrefoic. monitoring fish populations and imnly/ing properly composited samples for PCB cunlamitmtion can indicate whether it is safe to consume fish flesh based on the hood and Drug Administration action level of 5 ppm. and to what degree a walciway is contami nated by PCH's. Indirectly, monitoring studies can show LAKE ERIE; Station 14. Samples from Lake Erie were taken at two locations. Dunkirk and the mouth of Cat taraugus Creek at Irving The several species of lisli con laincd levels of tola! PCB's well below 5 ppm. This is con sistunl with the 1973-74 data which indicated the presttKc of the contaminant at low concentrations. the need fur specific studies to address the impact of PCB's on natural communities and/or populations, and the need to LAKE ONTARIO; Stations 15-17. Generally, low levels re catonic existing discharge permit limits. of PCB's were found in warm water species, in contrast to the elevated concentrations commonly found in thicc The 1975 analyses confirmed that PCB's expressed as species of salmonids taken from the lake proper. However, AtiK'lor I(I1(/I742 nml/or 1254 were present in delectable reduced levels weie noted in the salmon that hail rnigtatetl amounts in most fish sampled. The level of contamination ami specific Aroclor vary according lo waterway size, loca tion. amt peripheral land use. 'fable 4 summarizes the data for edible flesh except in the eases indicated. Following is a geneiul discussion of the findings in each waterway. upstream in one major tributary, the Salmon River (Station 17). A reduction ot the body lal through melabohc ae tivilics such as spawning and migration apparently caused the loss or displacement of some of Ihc PCB burden in the edible flesh. IIDDSON RIVER; Stations 1 8. 32. 34. This major river system contains lisli with the highest average concentration ol total PCIl's of any waterway sampled. Sampling nearly the entire extent ol die river shows thin contamination is widespread fi Hudson Falls lo Ihc mouth of the river. I lie average l< I of contamination decreases in the lower .wiles of die Hudson, perhaps through dilution from tmiary wains, deimsition in the sediments and aquatic oigamstus, and the effects of marine waters. Similar results occurred iu fish collected from 197(1 and 1973 (Table 5). MOHAWK RIVER; Stations 9 and 10. C oncentrations in 5 ot 13 analyses in 1975 exceed the Food und Drug Admin istDition uction level of 5 ppm. Highest average concentra tions appear upstream at the l.itllc balls station rather than at Schenectady, indicating a source of contamination above the Inu-n of l ittle Falls The problem appears localized and does not iiffccl the entire waterway as indicated by (he Schenectady samples l.arlict samples (Table 5) were either absent or too small to be compared. SENECA/ONEIHA/OWSKGO RIVERS; Stations II and 13 PCB's are present, averaging 4 ppm Concentrations aie lowest at the Clyde station. NIAGARA RIVER; Station 13. l.argetnouth and simdimouth bass have concentrations below 5 ppm: one whin- bass had levels above 10 ppm. The station was lo cated below l.ew'iston. thus indicating no major source of I'Ctl contamination fiom the Buffalo/Niagara Falls indusiiiiil complex. I.iiilicr data are too sparse for direct com panion However, additional study is warranted based on Comparison of the 1975 data with earlier findings is dil fieult. General trends indicate that concentrations similar to the presem levels existed as early as 1970. GENESEE RIVER; Station IK. Analysis of fish taken from the lower portion of the river below the village of Industry indicates a potential PCB problem in large Hsh In two samples, one each of smallnnmlh buss and silver red horse, levels were noted at or near 5 ppm. However, the 1971 samples, which were analyzed only lor Aroclor 1251, indicate levels higher than those found in 1975. Due to the si/.e of the earlier samples no trends can be identified ex ccpt that PCB's (Aroclor 1254) are still present in substan tial concentrations. CHEMUNG/SUSyDEHANNA/DEEAWARE RIVERS; Stations 19-21. These three independent river systems have been grouped for discussion since they reflect low levels of contamination, averaging I ppm or less These figures are comparable to the samples collected in 1971 in the Chemung Rivet . LAKE GEORGE; Station 21, The larger, fatty lake trout of Lake George contain levels of PCB's (primarily Aroclor 1254) above 5.0 ppm. Lake George lake trout are known to have elevated levels of DDT (4). The analytical mcthodol ogy used converted only DDT metabolites to dichlorohcn zophenone rather than DDT itself. Therefore. PCB levels in lake trout and other species in Lake George, particularly ciscos, may he overstated. Further study of the lake is warranted. LAKE CHAMPLAIN; Stations 23 and ?4. These stations were located at Ticondcrogn and Plattsburgh. respecliw K Vni. II. No. 2, SmiMUt'K 1977 HONS 001237 85 Reflected in the sampling arc species in both the summer ami umtet fisheries as well as the limited commercial fishciy. In till species sampled, total PCB's did not exceed 5 ppm although smnllmouiii buss from Plattsburgh ap piomhed linn limit. These data arc consistent with those obtained in 1971. mtiy have contaminated the fisheries Results lor Cayuga Like (Station 40) generally confirm the findings of Huche ct al. (2). Chromatograms for Seneca Lake display an atyp ieal PCB pattern which is being investigated. ST. LAWRENCE RIVER; Stations 25 and 26. Fish were collected (tom two Million's, Massnnn (26) and ('ape Vin cent (75). Aioelor 1254 occurred but Aroclor 1242 did not. Walleye averaged about I.K ppm; smallmouth buss ranged fiom 1.62 to 6.85 ppm. |jrlicr data arc consistent for the bass but suggest highet levels in lake sturgeon and catfish, species mil sampled in 1975. BLACK RIVER AND RAQUKTTK RIVER; Stations 27 and 78. Fish trom both tlie Black and Kaquctlc Kivers had generally loss levels ol PCJJ conlaminalion. These results wcic expected since the rivus are located in remote areas ol the Stale away limn imlustiial waters. ONONDAGA LAKE; Station 31 Several species of fish. notably brown bullhead, white perch, smallmouth bass, anil walleye. have concentrations of I'CB's ncui or exceed ing the I DA action level ol 5 ppm. The lake has been closed to lishing since 1970 because of mercury pollution. MARINE WATERS; Station 33. All species of fish ami shellfish tested general!) base total concentrations of I'CH's less than l ppm. On laic occasions large oily fish .stub as hlnefish have elevated levels; in one ease the level exceeded 5 ppm. CHAMPLAIN ("ANAL; Station 34. Pish Irorn this water way indicate the presence of PCB'x, primarily A roe lor 1754. at low levels. A single individual rock bass. sus pected to be a migrant from the Hudson River in the vieinH) ol Port Edward. hail levels iilmvc 5 ppm. HEMLOCK, CANADICE. AND KKIJKA LAKES, AND MONTEZUMA NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE; Slu tions 35. 36. 38, and 41. These four waters have been grouped because they leficct low levels of PCH contamina tion Conclusions Nonindustnalized or lightly industrialized watersheds in New York Slate (Chemung, Susquehanna. Delaware. Black, and Raqucltc) contain fish with low levels of PCB's. Detectable amounts may result from atmospheric fallout, accidental spills, or land fill leachate. Sevenil waterways have PCB's in amounts exceeding the action level of 5 ppm established by the Food and Drug Adminis (ration. Rivers or waterways receiving contributions from mdus -trializcd watersheds coruaia organisms with high levels ol PCB's. Hesse {12), Bremer et al. (.?), and Vcith {22) have indicated that levels in fish Iron) the Great Lakes exceeded 5 ppm and that this level has not declined during the past five years. Information derived during the New York State 1975 study (Table 4) confirms these high concentrations in Lake Ontario. Large, long-lived, or fatty fish such as coho and chinook salmon, brown trout, and lake (tout appear to bioaccumulate PCB's. generally uhove 5 ppm A recent study (7) indicates that in salmonids the PCB level is di rectly and proportionally related to the age and oil ol the fish. Findings in the present study gcnerall) suppoti tins premise. The Hudson River below Hudson Falls contains fish with the highest level of total PCB's of any waterway sampled Results above 50 ppm arc not uncommon in the larger oilier fish; the highest individual concentration recorded was 559.25 ppm in a large eel Comparison of the stations above Fort Edward with those immediately below indicates that a substantial PCB load is added to the river. This total loading probably docs not emanate from atmospheric lull out or from other nondescript sources but rather Irom a major source of contamination or storage. Studies ol water and sediment (7) have isolated industrial sources that ate the. subject of legal proceedings. CANANDAIGUA LAKE; Station 37. Chromatograms ob tained lot lish lioin this water wete atypical; however, re* suits aie initially tepoiled as PCB's. No use or spills ol PCII's ts known in the waieished SENECA AND CAYUGA LAKES; Stations 3y and 40. Pies ions use of small amounts of PCB's by local industry KU Acknou Inlfinu ntx Special thanks are extended to the Bureau ol hshenev New York Slate Department of Environmental Con\e*va lion, for colluding fish and to the director ami Matts of the following laboratories for their analytical work P si K mi s Moniiokim; Jui k\ vi HONS 001238 Director lutbntutors De/ntt intent I nti 3. Ilnitis Home linvironmcntnl Conservation Jack F'lK'litviihni li Stony Hiook F.nvmimircntal ('(nservulion l>i 1.liner (ieorjic Food Agriculture and Markets Hriuti Hush (it iff in Health Authnis acknowledge fhe tissislancT of (Ik* analytical staff of the l' S. Invitomuenlnl Piolcction Agency (l-dison. N.J., ami Duluth l.nhninUnicsl and the Food and Drop Administration. Un/f<iliumd Nov Vink Kegiomil Laboratories I I I I.RATUR1. ClTl.l) (/) Amettiim r/.Wirnrs Sot iris. Committee on Names of Tishes. fV70. A list ol common ml scientific names ol fishes tmm the United States and Cumulii (3rd ed ). Spec. Pub! No < Am Fish Sou., Wash . I) C 150 pp (M Ho,-hr. T A . I !' Semm. IF /) Yu,,,,#, anil I) J. list, IV77. Polychlorinated biphenyl residues: accumula tion in ('Hyngu Lake trout with age Science 177(4055): l ini iin.r ID III,in,I, H i n I Mount. K Hueifrtw;. J. Con. J. Hesse, I how. S Kirin, ,,. I. I.uesihow, (i Mill,,on. N. /aftal. H I',arson, G Veith II w,/((,,,/. and J. H'lnters. IV7S Stale of concerns ol the Lake Michigan Toxic Suhslancrs Committee related to polychlorinated biphenyls. IPS l-.nvimninenlal i'lotettion Agency Re pmt. .Inly 1975. 25 pp Kl Huiditk, (i I J Hums. II J Dean. 1. M. It oik, ,. J Skvn. unit It < othy. tvr,4 The accumulation of 1)1)1 in lake iiout and the effect on reproduction Iiiois Am Fish Sot 93(2):I27- 13b (31 Hush, It . unit I ( l.o IV7.1. Thin layci chrnmatogliiphy lot qmuililulo e polychlommlcd biphenyl analysis I Chromnlupf 77..377 3XK. (b) ( niiii/i ff'iewter. If. J . If H. li ft:, mill M i. Yates /V7.( A study ol the distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in the mpiatic environment. ). Rrs (J S. Gcol. Nmv 1(5).b()3 607. (7) hmuon of Hun Waters /V75. PCI) Moiotoiing in the Uppet Hudson Rivet Basin New York Slate Department of i.nvironmrnlal Conservation Report. 105 pp. () Itiiuinun. I II . I I Slit He/, /. J Him. IP Heiihel, and S. N. H'iemiser. IV7I The occurrence and signilicancc ol pnlychlotinated biphenyls in the environ ment. pp. lib 1.33 in: Irans. 36th North Am. Wildl. Nat. Kcsoiii Coni., Wild! Management Institute, Wash , DC. (V) I hn nhuih. J . ( Mohmooil, nml I) Sullivan IV7I ('ll lot i nated hydtoeathon residues in shellfish (Pelccypndu) Irom estuaries of I.ong Island. New York Rustic. Monit. J 5(3):242 247 (/()) I'oeliri'iihiu h, .1 (472. Chlotinaied pesticides in cs marine organisms i 5Vater Pullwt. Control led. 44(4) 619-624 (II) Haltnlu. M. . nml O harlot IV7.1. Absorption ami elimination o< iiolychlorinated biphenyls ll'ClI sl in goldfish. Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. 32:2.37-245 (17) Hesse. J I. IV75. Contaminants in Great Lakes Fish Mulligan Water Resources Commission. Siaft Report 15 pp. (1.1) Inietdepai,mental Task Tour on PCH x. IV7J Polychlorinated biphenyls and (he environment. Wash.. D.C. IK I pp (14) Miles. J. H. IP IV72 Conversion ol DDI and its metabolites (o dichforobenrophcnoncs for analysis in the presence of PCB's. J. Assoc Off Anal. Chcm 55(5) 10.34 1041 (15) Mulhein, ft M., /.. Cromartie, IP. I. Heiihrl, tout A A. Ileltxle. IV7I. Scmiquanlitalive determination ol polychlorinated biphenyls in tissue samples by thin layer chromatography. J. Assoc. Off Anal. Chem 54(1) 54R-550. (10) Nil,lean. H. J., unit H. /'. Davis. IV74 Investigation of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Hudson River (Hudson Falls--ft F.dward area) U S F.nvironmcnlal Protection Agency Report 39 pp ((7) Hi, illinium. A . J Kohinson. A. A', Cnthfree, uiiif M A` Halthvm. IV7I. Residues of polychloiobiphcnyIs in biological samples. Pcstic. Monit. i. 4(4):I69-I76 ((#) Sanders, ().. ami J. II (handler IV72 biological mag nilication ol a polychlorinated biphenyl (AroclorB I2'4j from water by aquatic invertebrates Bull hnvimii Con lam. Toxicol 7(5):257-263. (/V) Stalling, I) I. . and I . I . Maser. 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