Document dYOJo25NoLVj5K3wgzJZJE7Gq

- 23 - USE OF PERSONAL SAILING PUMPS In oust cases, sampling is conducted in order to determine the concentration of a contaminant to which an employee may be exposed while performing a specific job. The airborne concentration of a contaminant is determined by measuring the amount of contaminant in a given volune of air sampled and calculated using the equation listed below: Airborne Contaminant Concentration Amount of Contaminant Collected Volume of Air Sampled Filtration is tire most widely used technique for particulate or other aerosol sampling such as for lead or asbestos because of its low cost and simplicity. Using this sapling method, the amount of contaminant collected is determined by chaeica) and/or physical analyses of the filter. Laboratory results will provide this data. The volume of air samoled can be determined only if the flow rate of the punp and the sapling time are known. The ptop flow rate refers to the volune of air the pump draws through the filter each minute it is operating. The total volume of air sampled is calculated using the following equation: Volune of Air Sampled = Flov Rate X Sanpling Time The flow rate can be determined only through calibration of the sampling pump. LLA 001826 The filter cassette is an assembly with three basic components: Filter Holder (Cassette) The sampling filter may be one of several material types including: Mixed Cellulose Ester Filters (MCEF) Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Filters Silver Membrane Filters They may also be of various pore si?es and diameters. The cassette may have two or three parts or stages. The two stage cassette is used only for closed face sampling; the three state cassette may be used either closed or open face mode. LLA 001827 The selection of the type of filter, the filter pore size, and the sampling mode (open or closed face) will depend on the contaminants sanpled. For sampling lead and asbestos, a mixed cellulose ester filter with a diameter of 37m is required. The filter is mounted in a cassette with a back up pad. Sampling must be conducted closed face for lead (2 or 3 stage cassette) and open face for asbestos (3 stage cassette only). Sampling Pimp battery operated diaphram pimps called personal sampling pumps, are used to draw air through the filter which then traps the particles. Most personal sampling pimps will operate for up to 8 hours sampling time before needing recharging. Recharging time is usually overnight (16 hours). The pimp must be capable of pulling at least 2 liters of air per minute through the filter. A rot meter (or flotmeter) on the side of most pimps can be used to determine the flow rate at which the pump is operating. fJo dhsOdSir** oft II \ LLA 001828 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) promulgates regulations governing occupational safety and health issues. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgates regulations governing management of emissions and waste products. 06HA - health standards for physical (noise, radiation) and chemical agents. Types of health standards; Ceiling limits - maximum short term acute exposures Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) average eight hour exposure PELs based on dose concept: Establish average concentration or level allowed over 8-hour workday Action level - average exposure, lower than PEL value, triggers medical surveillance requirements. e.g. Lead Asbestos Noise 8-hr PEL 50 pg/w3 2 fibers/cm3 90 dBA 8-hr. Action Level 30 Ug/m3 0.1 fibers/ca3 85 dBA Instrumentation required to determine compliantwith 8 hr.PEL and Action Level are personal samplers measuring average exposure. Noise measurement: Sound Level Meter - Instantaneous reading, direct measurement of sound pressure level. Operated on: A weighting slow setting Calibration at 1000 HZ Dosimeter - gives dose reading, where 90 dBA for 8 hours would result in 100% dose, 85 dBA for 8 hours would result in 50% dose. LLA 001829 Lucas D. Hartwell T, Bao AV. 1980a. Asbestos-Containing Materials in School Buildings: Guidance for Asbestos Analytical Programs. Washington, DC: Office of Toxic Substances, U S. Environmental Protection Agency. Lucas 0, Hartwell T, Rao AV. 1980b Asbestos-Containing Materials in School Buildings: Guidance for Asbestos Analytical Programs. Statistical Background Document. Washington, DC: Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Nicholson WJ. Rohl AM, Ferrand EF. 1971. 'Asbestos Air Pollution in New York City.'' In: Proceedings of Clean Air Congress. England HM, Barry WT, eds. New York: Academic. Nicholson WJ. Rohl AM. Weisman I. 1975. Asbestos Contamination of the Air in Public Buildings. Washington. DC U S. Environmental Protection Agency. Pinchin DJ. 1982 (June). Asbestos in Buildings. Mississauga. Ontario. CanaJa: Ontario Research Foundation. Samudra AV. Norwood CF, Slockham JD. 1977 (revised June 1978). Electron Microscope Measurement of Airborne Asbestos Concentrations. Research Triangle Park. NC: Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 4 Sawyer RN, Spooner DM. 1979b. Asbestos-Containing Materials in School Buildings: A Guidance Document. Part 2. Washington. DC. Office of Toxic Substances. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. __ USEPA. 1979. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Asbestos-Containing Materials in School Buildings: A Guidance Document. Pan 1. Washington DC: Office of Toxic Substances. USEPA. USEPA. 1980. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Asbestos-Containing Materials in Schools. Economic Impact Analysis of Identification and Notification Proposed Rule. Sec. 6. ' TSCA Washington. DC: Office of Toxic Substances. USEPA. EPA-560/12-80-004. USEPA. 1981. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Evaluation of Encapsulants for Sprayed-On Asbestos-Containing Materials in Buildings. Summary. Cincinnati. OH: Office of Research and Development. USEPA. USEPA. 1982. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Support Document for Pina! Rule on friable Asbestos-Containing Materials in School Buildings: Health Effects and Magnitude of Exposure. Washington. DC: Office of Toxic Substances. USEPA. JJersar Inc. 1980. Exposures to CommercialAsbestos. Sec. 3: Comparability ofAsbestos Data Preliminary draft report. Washington. DC: Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Contract No. 68-01-5791. LLA 001830