Document dXG5bn7ZR8b21K6kQvBpVw2q

I Industrial Hygiene Digest S^iteiatule Obdiacts * MEDICAL ENGINEERING LEGAL -- decisions and trends lIndudual Healilt Tlews.. . , .. iMMrf Homtkfy By INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH, PA. im PLAINTIFFS EXHIBIT WV-004I7 _frg3l_ , r:. Lkttoy****f Indtuswtrial TPh*'._ It a comMitd TOMirh *d Mfvle* ln#tV to protoet^-tho hoatth of workora In Indui May. 1943 &: Some Fact8 and Figures on Absenteeism -An OV/X survey finds that "plants without systematic plans for reducing the -pauses of absenteeism have nearly twice the rate of job absences as those which have such programs*" As the Foundation has Insisted for years (before absenteeism was a headline) the first step in reducing lost time is to keep adequate records audit your absences* Another important fact-finding measure is the plant hygiene survey* It is no more possible to maintain healthful working conditions without a periodic survey, than it is to maintain the quality of a product without periodic inspections* _ fo combat sick absenteeism, got the facts on absences, through proper records, and a"`>Vi healthful working conditions through plant hygiene surveys. Otherwise, systematic procedure is ignored in favor of hit-or-miss methods. Speaking of figures, one mearibea^f ` company reports the following experience for a group of 400 workers for the first hal$$j of April: 273 workdays lost from all causes -- 190 from sickness and non-industrial injuries, 68 from personal causes, and 15 days from injuries. ' Guard Against Increase in Tuberculosis . Tuberculosis rates tend to rise in wartime. The alert Medical Department of Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co., has been directing a health educationV Campaign among its employees stressing TB prevention. Meanwhile, the Public Health* Service has made X-ray examinations of nearly a quarter of a million persons for ' W. tuberculosis, including more than 160,000 workers in war industries. Results show "slightly more than one in evory 100 persons excained'have significant tuberculosis^*J Red Cross Comment : Commenting on the Foundation's report, "What About Blood Banks former. 'Workers?" which was sent to Members recently, an official of the Blood Donor .Sarr^f*#of the American Red Cross writes: ".-.Again, may I express my own appreciatiohsa^ that of the entire Service for the great help you have been to us in aoctfculatihg this data for your Member companies. Thoughtful support such as this is going--icT such to insure the success of what I think we all agree is a worthwhile project**" 1 Annual Meeting Notes . "...A war contractor was much surprised to learn that his 25 per ck: turnover was largely due to the uncontrolled fumes of a poisonous solvent*. boon our feeling that if we can satisfactorily'control the use of materials ifc'the' plant, and then prove that control is satisfactory by periodic physical examination we will not have cases of occupational disoaso develop. Xt has proved to be.^KJ&i^ -the years*"...."All too freguently, the first knowledge the medical or safety Kneat has of a new process, machine or material is when It is in operation* prevent dangerous exposure. The cost is higher for placing makeshift saf< lor exhaust equipment on & machine after it is in.use." . '^ .x%r . New Books Essentials cf Industrial Health, ty Dr. C.O. Sappington, va*r-oj r7^g woxk, has just been published by-J* B. Lipplncott Co., Philadelphia. W K`i- ... Keep War Workers Well - - - '^VrCNK FOUNDATION AAOO FIFTH AVtNUC . 1943. Industrial Hygiene Foundation, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. INDUSTRIAL KfGlWE DIGEST Literature 3nd News News Items 404 Color in Industry. ' "The best and' newest way to promote good housekeeping," according to R.A. Massey, Du Pont color expert, "is by a new scientifically developed 'use of bright paint colors on all industrial interior surfaces, including even floors and machines." The national production scene was described as going technicolor in this man ner with remarkable results. The up-to-date trend is row upon row of machine tools painted in carnival colors with here and there touches of brilliant red to emphasize danger points. Many factory interiors already display the new scientific color system. They include government arsenals, naval shore stations and major war plants. Worked out in a three-year Du Pont research program to improve seeing conditions in industry, the most favored color scheme for machin ery has proved to be light gray and light.buff. Floors often are painted white, stippled with brown, while walls are finished in two high light-reflecting colors. 405 Special Warning Bulletin.-- Epidemic Kerato-Conjunctivitis. A statement has been prepared jointly by the United States Public Health Service, Bethesda, Maryland and the Committee on Industrial Ophthalmology of the American Medical Association, 535.N. Dearborn,St., Chicago, Illinois, for distribution to all physicians* - ` ' 406 Absent Treatment.- - . Two ingenious methods of combatting the growing absentee problem have been de vised by the New Britain (Connecticut) Machine Company and the Bell Aircraft Company, Buffalo, 1$. Y. ;The former awards a weekly "Hitler Plaque" inscribed with a swastika, to the department with the poorest record. The latter desig nates workers absent' without permission as "AivOL," and replaces their time cards with "AWOL" cards. The foreman1 s approval is required before regular cards may be restored. -- Porbos Mag.; 51, (March. 1943). 407 Wartime Vacations. ' ''A `* A statement by Chairman Donald M. Nelson of the War Production Board on the sub ject of vacations says in. part: believe that the granting of vacations to industrial workers this year will be helpful to war production. Experience has shown that the volume of production is increased if the workers can restore their energies through periods of physical and mental rest, change and relaxation. After a brief vacation a worker should be in bettor shape to contribute to the Industrial Hygiene Digest - 2 increased effort which our war program makes necessary. But it must be realized that our war production goals this year are nearly twice the size of last year's. Wartime vacations must be planned so as ta avoid interruption of working sched ules* Management and labor can and should plan the release of workers for vaca tions by working ahead in some departments, by arranging for staggered vaction schedules, by training substitutes and, where necessary, by working additional overtime." * Book Reviews | 4D8 Occupational Tumors and Allied Diseases* Vi.C. Hueper. Charles C. Thomas, 220 j Monroe St., Springfield, 111,` 08.00. 896 pp. (1942). This book colates in detail the subject of tumors and their relation to occupa tion. The material is presented from the view of tumor location with eight organ systems.receiving,the major consideration* The fourteen chapters cover: Concept and significance of-,p.pcupatiomil tumors, tumors of the skin and its appendages, the alimentary system tumors, cancers of the respiratory system, urogenous organ malignant growths,-hyperplastic and neoplastic diseases of the blood forming organs, me.scnchymatous tumors, tumors of the eye and its adnoxao, the nervous system tumors, endocrine glandular malignant growths, sex organ tumors, special aspects.of occupational tumors, the relation of occupational neoplasia to.theories of cancerigenesis, and medicolegal and public health as pects* The:attention given.'to, the extensive literature has been thorough and excellent bibliographies are provided for each section. Occupational tuners have received more attention in .the foreign literature than in American. This work will be a valuable reference..book ..for industrial physicians. .. | Legsi Developments 409 Occupational Diseases. Pneumoconiosis Contracted by Employment in Gypsum Mine* As Creating -Liability-Within Statute and Not Negligence. Statute of Limitations* The defendant appeals from a judgment in an action to recover for injuries suf fered by the. plaintiff while in its employ. _ Plaintiff had worked in the defendant's gypsum mine, for sixteen years, as a "loader" or "driller." The drifts andrheadings where he worked were constantly filled vdth clouds of dust caused by the pulverization of rock by drills and other machinery; and being forced to breathe such atmospheres,' ho suffered a disease of the lungs, known as pneumoconiosis, whi'ch was the injury for which he sued. The defendant had sot up a large fan'at' th mouth, of the mine, designed to. blow the dust out of the galleries and headings, but,* according; to''the'testimony'of the plaintiff's wit nesses,.it did'npt do sp!,,,; ..^ The action was brought, five years after the plain tiff left the defendant's employment. .The New York Practice Act makes three years the period of limitation for "an action to recovor damages for * * * a personal injury, resulting from negligence"; and sub. 2 of Sec. 46 makes six years the period for "an action to recover upon a liability created by statute, industrial Hygiene Digest Methods of -Detection' and Determination 0 Electron Microscopy on Asbestos Dust end on Lungs in Asbestosis. J. Kuehn. Arch.f.Gewerbepath., 10_, 473 (April IS, 1942)TT&eiman)"i The author reports some microscopic studies of asbestos and of lungs of asboc- tosis victims for the purpose of determining whet variety of asbestos is respons ible for asbestosis. Serpentine (chrystolite) asbestos is the form generally used, and it was supposed that it would be found in lungs with asbestosis. Sundius and Eygden disclosed, however, that only hornblende asbestosis is demon strable in the lungs,- suggesting that serpentine dust is decomposed in the tis sues. The author used the electron microscope to study the form, size and structure of asbestos, both in free dust and as found in the lungs. It is usual ly easy to distinguish the-two forms under the electron microscope, the serpen tine variety being, generally'curved, clear and transparent, and hornblende rigid and greater in diameter. However, examination.of the particles from 3 lungs did not indicate clearly what'variety'was present. The phctomicroscopic determina tion of the refraction exponent, suggested by Sundius and Bygde-n, was then em ployed.,. That method revealed that the large asbestos needles isolated from the lungs were ofthe hornblende type. It is concluded that serpentine asbestos is decomposed,in the lungs and is the essential cause of fibrosis. When asbestosis lungs are macerated, with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide, both free asbestos needles and asbestosis bodies are obtained". Hornblende asbestos shews no signs of decomposition by the organism, either in the free needles or on the asbesto sis bodies.; . .' * 481 Polarjgraphic Determination of Lead.in Bones. E. Y.einig. 2.Physiol. Chem., 273, 158-162 (1942). (German), .. The polarigraphic method, .which is fully described, has the advantages of use of smaller amounts of material, simpler preliminary treatment of the bone ash, and the automatic action-of. the; polarigraph. 482 Biochemistry of Silicic Acid.--IX, Isolation and Identification of Minerals in Lung Residues,''and'Air-Borne Dusts from Coal Mines. G Nagelscbnidt and E.J. King. , Biochera. J,, 35, 152-158 .(1941). : The isolation of mineral residues from'lungs by digestion with hydrogen peroxide and removal of carbon from these residues and from air-borne dusts by heating to 380C are described. ""'.Tlic"Mneral-srin the residues arc then identified by x-ray. di-ffraction methods..`;,:D,ata are presented for the constituents present in a lung residue and a mine dust; the main components are quartz and a merger of each of the mica and kaolin groups*. 483 A New Method for the .Determination of Free Silica in Industrial Dusts. A. Salazar and L. Silveiman, , J.Ind.Hyg. & Tox., 25, 139-148 (April, 1943). The authors describe a now; method-for free silica deteimination, in which the dust sample is first passed,directly- through.a controlled flame, fusing practi cally al't''particleS-'-except those of., silica. - The fused sample* is then collected by an electrostatic'precipitator? ?and removed to a microscope slide for analysis. The method can be applied to air-borne or rafter dust samples. The amount of free silica is determined by a direct count of the fused and unfused particles. Possible interfering materials are refractories and those which decrepitate at high temperatures. These interferences are not very common ana when present may Industrial Hygieo Digest (lad. Hygiene Foundation) (Initial 4 Forward) ^ Ti Lyle' ffftilatty^MTBT* rtr i fit ;fl ^ii~ri l 11 ^ S. C.,3amet v . ~ ..... Wmm, * INDUSTRIAL HY6IENS FOUNDATION ' ; . 4400 fUTH Avnros . -r .: ; FRTSSUXQS, WL Vol. 5. FOUNDATION FACTS Mav. 1943 P*et > "i-iitnr iuut< * hMiutrUI 9*nuen h*J4l*f in Hyftonn Tfc* F*un<tt!n * MdikinM PMMrth n inlM in*t!tutin * Pt* ** Hnaith if rKm in <nHMry. No. 5. .. Sons facts and Plsures on Absenteeism Aa OH survey finds that "plaats^tthout systematic picas for reducing the c*QSts ism harm nearly twiq^3fce*Rt of job absences as those which such proems." A the fbundationjbaa'Hoisted for years (before absenteeiss headline)^$fefirsfe<sgtps la. rsrfu<mg\lost time is to heap adequate records your absences/ finding measure la the pleat hyglen^TM*,,, It Is ap aore^gssiblaiM^MVTTfflfT healthful woddng conditions withoutfna6dic surreyt than ira^toJMxJKwth* quality of a product without perttrtl&tfspectlo&s. To combat sick lUWgTCTfejBb^rct the facts on aheeneee through andpeiSacorde, and on healthful work^^ABmos^musb plant hygiene surveys, .OtntaAtte, systmoatlc procedure is i^M^g^faTor^^^it^og^giias nathods. SpMnng orfigures, one member company r^fitj^Stte rogjfetlugnwkence for a group a&Bffw(kers for the first + of Apr^^^QpPworkdays causes -- ISQ^^fi^raraoss and non-industrial >15 A^Jsl' ' v ThbestOlo^s rates of Vestinghouae Sleetrie k Mem copal&i song ita employee* Service has made X-rwy tuberculosis, <g>>nS4wy ''slightly txro thcji oi 16Oi 100 person*. Had Cross?feme The alert Medical Departnent* directing a health education Meanwhile* the Public Hoalth of a million persons Tor war industries* Results shew that hare glgnifloat tuberculosis.'1 on the foundation1 s re] sent to Members recently. Red. Croee soeiteet .Again* entire Venice for tho- great help for your Member onmpenies* Thoughtful support to lasure the socoesa df Act t think we all agref Blood Banks for far the Blood Donor Service own appreciation end Jus in accmulating ym\tkLs is :ing to do VQrthwfcile project.* Meatli such "surprised to learn 25 par cent labor turnover ms ZsongttSdBm.tfr tlv'uaoQatrolled tmam of a poisc*vsaivet',..-.*It has. besot ouar.feeling tppt.il!sjie*;aan satisfactorily control the useepemterlal* is the plant, mat then grove.tbeheostxol is satisfactory by periodic pnscal immt nations, we will not- here oasee of* occupational dispose develop. It hse proved to be such ever the years*9..*,*111 too fregsestly, the first ^g* the medical or safety deport ment has of a mew pfocems,'machine ormatarlal le wbam.it le is operation, forethought will prevent dangerous w^oscre.- The coat le *+!* fbr piecing; makeshift safeguards or mayat eyrfmaeftttiar after It i*-in use.9. . ^ . * *' V.v-T*^L: aMa<tk;'br i> C*0* Seppingtoa. on outby JV B. jUgpfmsott Co., Philadelphia, *. ^ . v* . ^ -.J* --r'.' * .V 3 --**3' o* 4In40d0uPstirfitahl AHvyegnieunee, Foundation, Pittsburgh, *a* IscxS DIGEST 404 best and newest ping,* according to R.A. Massey, Du Pont color expert, ally developed use of bright paint colors oa aHindustria. _ s, including even floors aad machines." The national production^? bribed as going technicolor la this sea ner with rmariceble result /J ts trend is row upon row of sac bine tools painted la caral sad there touches of brilliant red to emphasize 'danger po terlors already display the new scientific ceaor^mpr-'They ude $gfenent arsoaals, natal shore stations aad major war Worked out tar*, thrbeyyper Du Pont research program to Itloas in ladusi . vfarored color schema for macnin- be light gray aad' buf^rlloors often are painted white, brown, while walls are high light-reflacting colors. Waming_julletin- -- Epidemic Kara tie. statement has been prepared jointly by ;e Public Health Service, Sethesda, Maryland and- the Committee oa lad^ _ _ >logy of the American Medical Association, 335 N. Dearborn St*, Chicago* 11 >s for distribution to all physicians. : ` : ..... - 40$ Absent Tremteant* - -- : - ... ,.-v^ Two ingenious methods of combatting the growing abscise problew hare been de vised by the Hew Britain (Connecticut) Machine CcBpaqp^Sd the Bell Aircraft Company, Buffalo, Hi Y. The Joiner awards a weekly Plague" inscribed with a swastika, to ths department with tbs poorest reconm0 Ths latter desig nates workers absent without permission as "AML," aad replace* their time cards with *AWQL" cards. The forwaaa1* approval is required before regular cards nay be restored. -- Porte* Mag*, 5^ (March, 1943) 407 Vacations* A statement by Chairman Ztenald M. Nelson of the War Production Board on the 3ub- '?*?* of Tacations says in parts- "1 beliere that the graatiag of vacations to .- industrial writers this year will -be holpful to war production* Experience hes shown that the volisw of production is increased if ths workers can restore their periods of physical and mental rest, change aad relaxation. ter a brief vacation a wxkar should be in better shape* to contribute to tho Industrial Srgitae Dlgtst z iacreesed effort which our war program makes nscejsary. But it oust be realized that our war production goals this year art nearly twice the size of last year's. Wartime vacations must ha planned so as to avoid interruption of working ached- * ula*. Management' and labor can and should plan tha ralaasa of workers for vaca tions by wrttng ahead in soao departments, by arranging for staggered Taction schedules, by training substitutes and, where necessary, by working*additional overtime." 408 urogonous organ mall blood fozsiag organs, tha norTous system t\aors tunore, special aspects neoplasia to theories poets* - ThO: attest excellent blhliggrnjjnps are p hAYc recoiTsd ^^S^t^entioa In t woric will. bfSfessfuable reference W.C. aisper. (1942). ^ t\aors M^S^halr^ralatlon to occupa, ocatioa with eight Tbs fourteen chapters _ rs, tiaore of tha akin, and lancers of the rospiratory *yst, _j and neoplastic diseases of the tuaors of tho eye and its adnsxae, nslignant growths, sex organ . the relation of occupational medicolegal and public health as ' literature has been thorough and section. Occupational tuners eraturo than in American. This trial physicians. 409 Occupational Diseases. Pneiiaoconlosia Contracted oyaeat in Qypsua Mine. As Creatina Liability Within Statute and Hot Heall Statute of Ljaitctirts. The defendant appeals from a jud^ant in an action-to^s^yer for injuries suf fered by the plaintiff while in its osploy. Plaintlf^^ad worked In tha defendant1 a gypeue mine, for sixteen years, as a "loadar*wi0"dALler." The drifts and headings where he worked were constantly filled^eith clouds of i-at caused by the pulverization of rock by drill# sad other machinery; end being forced to breathe such atmospheres, he suffered a disease of the lungs, icown 4J pneimocoaioaif, whlch sm the Injury for which he sued* The defendant had set up a large fanat the aoirth of-ths mine, designed to blew the dust out of the gallerieaend hsadihgs, but according to the testimony of the plaintiff's wit nesses, it ^did',:akdt;:dh';'so.:; ''_ '' Thp' action was brought five years after the plain tiff left Jb* defendant* s' :*ploy*ant. L The Mew fork Practice Act makes three years the period of llAitaUon for ,,'an action to recover damages for * * * * phonal IhJto^^ rbshlUa^ negligence"; sad sub* Z of See* 46 makes six years the period for "an action to receiver 190a a liability created by statute. Industrial Hygitna Digest - 3 axcapt a penalty <r forfeiture." The statute prondes that "an air currant sufficient to mboti smoke and noxious gaaas and to insure the safety of every mployes shall be conducted along every passageway and working place." Air, with the dust of powdered rock. Is within this language. The New Yoxk Labor Law required "all machinery creating dust or impurities" to "be equipped with proper hoods and pipes connected to an exhaust fan of sufficient * * * power to remove such dust"; and that "suction devices shall'be provided whieh remove * * * impurities *** by meanj^jf proper hoods connected to conduits and fans," The court bald thaJrtSMe casements were for the benefit of Loyees who might be expresss) the danger of breathing dust, and ^^Vi^^Uim^thfjrsub. 2 of Sec. 48 of the Civil Practj iMs^froa gjjrvTgs^lpport to a finding that the employer Should have: l.e., been guilty of'ha^ligeg caused by breathing dust for sixtsdjSjm end how >ns in ths last year, were indeed dabAaMjvbut no one )ple must deny all conaeotlon/wtiMg them. The find that during the ytan> In^MSetion he had suffer* affimed, Stomeim<CP^S. Prosurn Co., C.S.C.C.A. >ei< 410 Pe&Bttatltia Venenat Plaintiff appeals _ n as Being Pinal and Conclusive. ths comiseioner* s award dsaylng plaintiff compensation, by dsfsndsnt in ths removal of bulk emsent from box e tlced a breaking out os hij skin, which spread over his body. He* quit work. Doctors diagnosed bis cos dition as em&ent dszma ts venenata. Plaintiff filed applica- tlon for adjustment 0 atiosel disease amendment, (Comp. Laws Supp. 1940, 1948 C\m Supp. Sec. 17.220 et soq.) Se ellejira\tqgs^ he was stiffening esaatltis venenata, a disease re- suiting fromMjStfgjifture of his aapldy^ont, jrhich ismhedulod as an occupa- tional medical, ccBBaiS3t$h~JSho d plaintiff, about 9 months aftsr*dS?fcffFwork, found that plaintiff^was'- ' ring from dematitls hsrpsti- ch is not compensable under^t'hjt. Ac esdants contand that plain* suffering from the same dlseasi _ r 1940, when he was ohlig* quit work, until ths hearing O'etobsxfeTM*, hat ths report of tho dical commission, who examined him la-Juiyo,v^04l-,x ' nil and conclusive, The report of ths osdical comission ease was fij plaintiff* s condition whan the coml talon conclusive only as to department erred in determining. In effect, that the report of tbs comission was, as a matter, of lew, final and conclusive as to plaint condition during ths an* tire period from 1940 to 1941. Ths department's a aside, sad ths csss Is remandod* w^ivo* t. Losells Is vacated and set tion Company at al. Mich* Supms Ct. Decided April 6, 1943. (CCHJ 411 Gradual Suffocation by Gas Causing Death of Miner.__Kotilnpef Motion for Judg ment Failing to Show Hamadr Ondar Act. Plaintiff filed in ths court below a notice of motion for jud^sst, seeking to recover domsgos for the wrongful death of plaintiff's decedent. She alleged that ths defendant owed its mnployeea ths duty of fur&ishing thm s reasonably sift place la which to work, and to that end should have installed In ths nine where decedent worked the necessary devices to ventilate it properly* --8 .defendant filed s demurrer to the .-notice of motion for jud#Mnt alleging that . by virtue of ths provisions of the WortaMn's Coapensstion Act the lower curt^ . was deprived of Jurisdictiott of=ths subject-matter of the suit. To a juosaen.^ sustaining a dmurrsr plaintiff obtained this wit of error. Ths plaiati-* s contention is that ths notice of motion shows on its face that her cause of Industrial Hygiene Digest ,, 4 action It not compensable under the Workmen's Compensation Act end that hence she hat the right to pursue her action at law* Since the notice of notion does not affinnatively show on its face that the lower court has been deprived of jurisdiction of the subject-matter of the suit by the provisions of the Work men's Compensation Act, as alleged in tho demurrer, the demurrer should have boen overruled. Whether plaintiff has a good cause of action at law or whether the matter Is governed by the Workmen's Compensation Act will depend upon the appli cation of the principles stated, to the facts and drcuastences to be developed at the hearing. All that has been d^lded Is that the plaintiff's notice of motion for Judgaent does not shoife^n%v face that her remedy is under the w0; tpenaation Act and is the ji ` it ccmplj present ccroon-lew action, for ti is reversed and the case remanded fo: )Beveri ' rounded, Aistroo v, Blud Diamond C01 Decided Kerch a, 1943, (CCS) ' 412 Dlaablll- inhalation of Carbon Konoxide. Banlevaent Thisis etion in which plaintiff ss*gh4,^Hdgnent on the ground of dlsa&bLfcty, against Travelsgs^snjSayce Company and plain- &yari of no cause and of action by the defen interposed sive dULnd^@b gSfttained, end the alternative dismissed. employp^aSCStmley, a dealor in automobiles, in the parts depart* M^Sat hla disability was due to in- haling fmes 'fro* the its iXes being tostod and repaired in Iriime- diet# proximity to the establistoent in which plaintiff per- fozsed his duties; that 1 atlon of carbon monoids and other fumes and gases from the a tus'i t brought about plaintiff's collapse, An attupt was `made aintlff that he suffered from a dis- easetf the spinal Siace>A 1: ves located, his doctors accepted the possibility's ^tgSmiia as t'hH'fe cause disease, and since a toxic eondi- tlon fittedjtanRw the theory of csr^pn polsonlng, they inclined to a correlatj^K?^?arbon monoxide wisg ' The testimony on the part of th*Cetir attributes plaintiff's^ nerve disease of the spinel ^ `fixes the cause as lufectib sating the toAc effects n monoxide, since no evidence 0 was apparent upon dea on. Any relation between plaintiff* ths disability from ch he is suffering remain solely a possl _. there was a clear duty and burden upon plaintiff to establish a deflate exhalation between his uploymeat end his disability, In the assumption0$ whldi^duty and burden he has foiled and since this point Is finally decisive ojg^Bho case, plaintiff* s demands were properly -rejected* - Jud^eat affirmed, OerdShr v. Travelers Insurance Company rt el. La. Court of Appoal. 2nd CirouitTcSctded March 1.1943. i ttz.i. ' "- ! ...................... ` ` " 413 Death from Carbon-Tetrachlorlde Used ct n dr^JSEhllancs Coon Contri butions for Household S^penaos as Establishing Partial D^daiitency, Schweitzer died from poisoning from carbon-tetrachloride whch was being used as a cleaning solvent while he was employed on tho yacht of appellant, Wendo. Decedent, 18 years of age, and received $90 a month and "found," amounting to $90 per month* Until his omploymont on the yaeht, he had been living at home with his father end mother, AH the children who were able to do so contributed to a common fully pool which *%s expended by the mother to cover all oxpendi- turea. The decedent contributed approximately $101 to the family budget; all bis contributions were expended by the mother for the table or for the purehasa of -things -for the borne*- While uployed on the yacht, decedent lived aboard it. 'Aa'swardwes made to -decedent's parents as partial dependents* Suit was brought to enjoin enforcement of the award, fro* an order donylng the injunction. Iaiustriel Sygiene Digest - 5 appellants appeal* There was substantial evidence to support appellee's finding of such dependency, taking into account the ages of the father and Bother* the eairUngs of the father and of the other children and the fact that docedeaVhad been contributing to the parents more than what ha cost thn* Far* eats are dependent'if their own resources ore not sufficient to support than* even if they receive help from, their other children. The test is whether bis contribution was in whole or in part a means of maintaining then in the manner in which they had been living and whether they looked forward to and relied upon the- continuance of decedent's coatrgmtiona to that and* Affirmed. Wends. ot_ al_:v. _McManigal. at al. 2nd Cir. Decided April 30, 19437Tfc 414 Gowerb paper report' rtod in the , at the Frankfort Clinical examinations orders, especially swskl. Arch. f. Gewer). {German.). _ uBoconioels" than those re* 271). It included 123 workers whoa 96 were directly oxposed* inflonatory respiratory dissoaeti&es acccapaniod by gastro-i nt estiaal end duration observed between symptoms that onset had occurred within the last two. ^^ x. .. lung function tests were in- conclusive*. oatiqx&sEiwed "^j^ficant" changes in 39, "marked* :han- ges in. 17, o.ped" . in.. 4 c.nd;_"lntep4r. in 3, out of the 123 subjects* Host oft 1cant" cases and,4&1 '' had exposure of 1 to 20 years>f-^il'ifcSal signs did not .ee ^ with radiographical appear* dy a. few cases were prolb bronchitis rales noted, ropancy between theso results incidence (L9.2 tonciu- , 31.256 significant) of "nliainitt gatlve findings reported y earlier investigations is explained an alteration in tho pro* cess during the last two years, involving _ _ of a greater amount of dust, the particle* of which are ouch finer andcare fl^Jbngcr protected by a film of altMlntm stearate caused by the foim#2r^SMtin of etearine during the stamping procass. (Also,, os pointed out in Abimjrt 3o. 270, March Digest. ! blackout conditions greatly roduca ventilation aa^aarrespondingly incrcaso 'dustinoM*r;^ J;;;; ' ' ",'" ' ' ' "' . ' ` 415 Dongerjto Dust* Z..' Xootten Eickheff. Aren. f. Hvg* k Bakt7.~12T7344U367 (1942)7"^ . : ' ^0 Tho authors' review' this literature on "aluminosls" with ekpacial reference to the natorial covered in tha preceding abstract' and Kos* 269*272 (March Digest) * A survey of tho earlier literature emphasises the difference between "cl^mosis* and silicosis* This foaaer, is characterixod by the symptoms of bronchial :nta..h* inflematbry ceil proliferation*' and x*rcy evidence of diffuse fine stippling, but no""fibrosis, as demonstrated by Xoettcn and by Xhrldnann in 1939 in - experiments in am atoosphere containing 50*100 mg. of altmlatsi bronse lust per ;..cubib' safer :of^^*;:v^rhsre''wiw no significant pathological changes. So-.;ev:r, Goralewakl has, reycalrd.r incidence of sy^toas of respiratory and sst..- intestinal ^sfurjbenca among "V'"* Clinical findings were slignt in cosporieon with .the abvexityof subjective symptoms, which also have no relation Industrial Hygiene Digest 6 to tbs duration, of work* Tbs reasons for the increase ere given as in the preceding abstract* The authors advocate a chemical theory somewhat similar to that of Xoelsch {Abatraot No* 272, ttarch Digest)* *15 The. Isolation of B. Anthracis From Industrial Material, with Special Reference to the Resistance of the Spores of Heat* S.R. Jonas. j7gflth~ & Sact.. 54. 307-314 (July, 1942). ! --' Tho author describes the isolation of Bacillus anthracis from industrial nator- ial and mokes special reference to ^jwfccsistdttce of the spores to hast. He shows 4Uito clearly that of threa|aty tested, 3pore suspensions showed a ,on of the. viable count afwftoxposure to a temperature of 80C. for, sho ras* He quotes the investigation of of bo: d boon carried out at 80C. and all rs^L^^eere aegativ which the material was heat^-toQ^WCT for five by aiHmil f Bacillus anthracis mrejafflSggMYQrified demonstrating capsuiemoK^irtrue anthrax bacillus by drops of'Jfie broth added, sanudspretnasliaoWn tfocrra3ckg?wvwitoh or three polychrome nethyLqn4>hine juasKSSifth usefulj^ni^Slwiys to be usod in con- 417 Iniurv. BSoeci ________ P. Soessing, Ah* f* Gewarbepath* Abe? 31, 1941) (German)* A revie# of the aing with special reference to liver injury lends to liver is frequently affected, but that the nature of pathological and histological lnvcs- tlgations have polsoning, injury of the reti culo-endothalial resis of the liver cells, various stages of acute Tphy; ning, 'disappearance of glycogen, fatty infiltra docrosis,' reperat regenerative changes, conges- tion of tlie ;s, periportal hyp$ppl&i theso findings it seams unlikely cirrhosis is a red lc poisonings* In most of t] eported, arsenic has cot o^c agent; also involved nicotine, lead, copper, c . intestinal distur- Animal experiment* ere not entire i in many animals t liver injury, such as coccidiosls in a predisposition to erimental lesions, by toxic agents*;1 Cirr r is considered essentially'* shronle progressive hepatitis _ iver cells and pro duced by toxic 'agents, in mall doses ovor long p^r^O, A typical case of cirrhosis, caused by a combination of factors, wit " c and lead predominat- ing, is that of a worker engaged in the manufacture l^ad and calcium arsenate, with some exposure also to dinitro-ortho-cresol* He d^ra^opod symptoms which wore first diagnosed as lead poisoning, later ns cirrhoswfiith ascites. The opinion that arsenic j*s tho chief toxic agent was baaed presence of melanosis, hyperkeratosis, intestinal symptoms and a greatiy^icreeaed content of arsenic in the hair. Lead, .and to a slighter degree, dinXtro-ortho-crosol were considered contributory factors* Tho author believes that the combined cumulative effect of several toxic agents on the liver is greater than that of nay single agent and that arsenic alone, especially in the cirrhosis often found in wine dressers, cannot be considered a primary cirrhosis-producing agent* 418 The Toxicity of J. Hyslop, L.T. F&irhall and others* Bull. No. 131, National Institute of Health,, T7.S. Public Health Service, 56 pp* (1943). -or sale by Supt. of Documents, Washington, D* C* 15 cents* The increased production and use of bexyllim in industry has caused concern about exposure of wortasen to dust and two* arising frem the processing of this Industrial Hygiene Digest - 7 metal. "The purpose of the investigation," as stated la the introduction, "was to measure and define the toxicity- of beryllii* and to indicate, so far as is feasible by animal experiments, the aa^sutt permissible concentration of dust or .fuses.', from the metal or its compounds which workmen stould be permitted to breathe*'"' Animal experiments were made in which a mnber of beryllim compounds at various concentration were injected intraperitoneally into guinea pigs; beryllium compounds were administered orally to both young rets and guinea pigs, and finally guinea pigs were exposed to* the dust of these compounds in high con centrations and over long intervals gficime with no indication that berylliia is inherently toxic* Exposure of and rats to ths fines arising from ths^elsctrolysis <^f molten flyorio^/eontaining berylliia fluoride or osyfl abo fcdlytoxic. There was very little storage bory r and tissues of the experimental aniad45y\rgjSow ing , whether by mouth, by inhalation oz>W)U^reperl- tdneel "ryllitfa was found to be stored in the^llvwthaa in the kidney e in the bono tissue* Ho slgzdfls^l&g^&ge in hamo- globln ,val nor any evidence of polycytha&K^)erother dyscrasia* Certain hydralyze easily, ai v8 fluoride and sul- fttolg the skin, but tbig^krarcs**** absent in the case ^tj\^Atrel salt experiments 1j ^g<tnat berylliia is absorbed ofirr silghtiy in t ict and mainly in the feces* The absorption of beryU Is also vary slight* Hone of the beryHiia coopoun lyed appreciably by sens, while the greatest dilution protein occurs is one part of beryllium nitrate to 5 iparlson of the relative toxleitlee of berylliiaa, aagaesixai, I injection showed beryllita to be least .and sine most II as x-ray ex/ml nation of ths tissues of animals o indication of rickets and no consistent paths! itev< the berylliia was given and by whatever nethod^'Q&bSS' no- particular's^, established for berylliun, it appears tk|kia*taver toxicity faaa^fr&ea ,to occur with the boryllia salts ^^d^ltha toxicity of the aci^/radi ,ch as the fluoride or 0x7- fluosgmig!^ to an objectionable conditipn^ by the hydrolysis cf coits salts, such as the chlorl H6 safe permissible standards should be based on bery :alth Aspects-of riborxlaa Materials* as Corp., Toledo,0. Pamphlet, 8 pp* (1943) . ..... ' : This publication presents answers to questions ve arisen concerning tic possibility of health hazards in connection with thekanufacture ond handling of fiberglas. It^ is based largely upon larostlgatidde/sondueted by or for tio Owcns-Corning fiberglas Corporation. . Tests mads by Gardner of the Trudeau foundation have demonstrated that fiberglas has'^hi^njurlous effect upon the lungs* W*jy Slobert conducted investigations wt&feiglnclude: an ex haustive' 'study of world medical literature for references ^possible health hazards in the handling of fiberglas; observations and dust counts in the :Jewtrt, Ohio, factorial; examination of several hundred stereoscopic x-ray plates of :cs chests of dployees in the semo plants* Bis conclusion is that there is nc sili cosis, fibrosis or dust hazard connoetad with working with Jlberglas. In gener al agreement with this opinion are the Chief of the Bureau of Industrial Hygiez* of the national Institute of Health, and the Aetna Casualty and Insurance Co., which underwrites insurance covering any 111 effects upon ths health of Owocs- Cofning msployaas caused by the of Tlberglas products. Effects on *.ee sfclnax* mada a subject of investigation.because of a aechenical irritation of the skin'sccetlme'a experienced by newly employed workers. This effect comprised a phaso of Dr. Siabert'a investigation. Ha stscarlzaa bis conclusions as fo--.r*e- Industrial Sjrgitne Digest - 8 "The author believe* the following generalization is warranted by the evidence: Contact with glass wool any cause ephexaeral discomfort among carters inexper-* loaccd la handling the material. The skin irritation, however, caaaot bo ro- gardod a* a progreesive domatitis, for it is pon-toxic, and usually dtaappoars la a few days# la extremely rare instances, where a worker may be predisposed to secoadary effects of mechanical skin irrltatioa because of idiosyncrasy allergy or tho presence of foci'of iafoctloa elsewhere la bis body and otherwise dissociated froa the effects of Bechaaical irrltatioa, lesions aay persist. But those cases are encountered with swfrarity that they do not justify tncriain- atiaa. glass fibsr as a causatiTMsj)aSjpr." Reports of investigations by Sul " tha Nary Dep&rtjSw Bureau of Ships and Bureau of Kodicl: and BotrfSltk or the 0.S. Public Health Sorrice do mrf > ted above. Wearing of protective clrfShri^iid ^ _ a wetting agent are recosnended* JMm&pggener- ot is given that, "Ho claim for TOXkM^w3$ensatioa trial discaso or disability resAtiefc^rom an occupa- >uted to FibcrgLas^... has ewe^beeirTclidated in the ifo Insurance Company rpg^bda tfi6 health of Plborglas p. Three usos of in surgery are describe of'xiW-pbysical and C^tt^2P?opertiee of Plbexglas con- upon request from the company. 420 Iron Dust Lung. (Cancan)* Woch*, 6, 18-17, (January 2, 1942). The author descrlbos a tro-welder, employed in observations here be Zoolsch found 18 similar to thos^aHhilWbsis on of Iron dust la tho lungs of on elecjqj^ts and plate rails for 10 years. Similar " AJ> others; among 40 welders investigated lungs, three with changes ith marked deposition, In the author^njwafc?^x-ray examination ad stippling of tho lungs, except Tor^^e^u^ea which were coralfctoi shadows varied in size from ajflfciMM to a lentil. A few c * glnp^^^olisturbonce of health co ^ re present in the hilus uberculous iafoctloa was id there was no history of foin* silica-containing dust, 'and fumes, containing particles iron oxide, less than la diameter, arise from the Welding the alveoli, aro :ar- 'ried in the peribronchial and perivascular lymphoid nodules and glands, tns finest partic ,, and deposited in the <|hbugh tho alveolar walls into the interstitial tissue* Soclseh fotwPWft of iron oxide in the dust; if covered electrodes are used only 65-73)1 drk^on oxide irould be liberat ed/ with to 80ft of silicic add and a variable amount of manganic oad.de. It is not know whether such admixtures Increase the dahjarf^ ^he connective tissue'of the lung is apparently capable of absorbing t^lron oxido, eo that there is no. progressiva fibrosis, as la silicosis. Hass^g&Lograpi? 'dll detect at least tho most marked lesions and will show the advisability of improvement in working conditions and the importance of aedloal superviiioa. ' 421 c lavestlaatloas on Dust Lunas. Part IT* Upon the Iron Content of the Lunas of 131 Worker# la Dusty Trade's. Together with a Consideration of the Heci- procal gffect of the Coemongits of Dust Mixtures. 0. Ocrstal. Arch*fOcv/crze^ path* u*-Qewerbenatiu* 10; 63.6-673 (Jim# 11. It41)* (Oaaon). ' Parte I/ZX and HZ of'this investigation, published In earlier nusbers of the Archlv,'were concorhadwith ah analysis of lungs for silicic sold, aiming _ . oxide and titanlia oxide respectively* Part IT relates to the iron content* Tho artlelh consists of a very' large au&be? of tables anA graphs of 1,000 chemical analyses which cannot be readily abstracted or reproduced, giving the iron con tent, ete*, of the lungs obtained trem131 workers in various dusty trades, and comparing tho flgoree with those obtained for mice* Industrial Digest - 9 422 The Possible Toxicity of Lead Alloys* I. Experiments on the Rat with Soldo*. G.a. Cowglll tad K. Salomon. J, lad. Hyg. & Tox., 25. 81-89 tfiarch. 1943L The investigation reported was concerned with the offsets of metallic load sad its alloys on animals, on which Tory little Is loown. Young rats received 300 parts of lead per million of dlot la the foxm of jolder pellets containing 55.57% of lead. They proved to be quite similar to the control grpup fed an identical diet but no lead, with rosprft to growth, concentration of blood hoe* globln and the appearance of stionM^lls, and aount of lead stored in then bo&m Rats fed an identical ttrtp of lead in the foxm of lead acetate htbamahll the^aual slga^df^vlecrpolsoniag, and their carcasses conti large^BU^ts wC^ad* Jidfcljuwrefore concluded that ingested soldo; composition* used"tingrakyTor the young rat. 429 Lead Alloys. II. teperlmtnts Solder. Salomon J. lad. Hyg. fcTox., 25, 1943). Solder 1 ran found non-tojdc to ra' receding abstract), but be relatively lead it was desirable to_ litirity to lead ly comparable to that Acco used in t They were rod an ertifi- diet with fa absorption of lead. One group of puppies was it$4L and the interne of the diet was equal!red. The animals respect to gains in body weight, con- cantratlons of hmnoglob blood, amber of stippled cells, end polychramatio staining amount of lead present in the entire body as well as in a On the basis of the data obtained tha authors conclude that eat form of solder Is only moderately absorbed by the ugm^t^a gr extent than in rats. No signs of lead poisoning elicited" in^ho s motiving such pallets. 424 Lead Poiser^r^ti 1942) -m*' Scran Recovery PI . v. 3; 3-9 (December 31, of lead scrap in recovery ed a number of lead poison- Causes are carelessness, Lacfe'c ust, ond poor bousekoep- analysis often show concentrate ^ , . 2.5 to 760 mgs. per With'adequate control those coacaSttjrtioi ^ brought within safe limits. The ineffectiveness of respirators i&d bloloj preventive measures is emphasized. .. _ . . . ^ 429 Danger of lead Polfloalpg Through the Addition of Leed^Tetraethvl to Motor ?uel. H. Wanidc. Irak. f.^Qewerheoath. u.-Sewerbehva.. 65-159 (Decsaber 31. 1941) (German) , - The purpose of the article is to differentiate between poisoning due to tetraethyl and classical lead poisoning, though the authb&ldmltt that the tone action of tetraethyl is a function of its lead oontoat. Nmrological symptoms, due to the fat-eoluble effect of tetraethyl on central nervous tissue may be accompanied and even obscured by tbs more usual symptoms of lesd poisoning in workers exposed to the carbonized residue of lesd tetraetlqrl, which has lost its fat solvent capacity. The case is described of a worker exposed not only to tetraetiqrl-lsad added to benzine but elso to the esrbonized residue. Symptoms, called subjective, end including headaeho, wesknesa, loss of sloop, etc. were regarded as evidence of chronic , tetraethyl lead poisoning;'others, such as a blue line on the gims, punctate basophilia, coproporphyrinuria, and colic as evidence of true lead poisoning caused by inhalation of the lead containing dust of the carbonized residue. . Industrie! Sygitne Digest - 10 426 a* Lmed H. Srnut end LstBinrm. Arch, f .Gewerbepath. u. Gewerbebyg*, 11/ 256-295 (December 31, 1941)* (German). A series ofanimal experiments was undertaken In order to estimate bow far end undor wbat conditions danger to health Is to bo apprehended from the use of ben zine containing lead tetraethyl. Frefious investigation by le hare shown that 1 cc. of pure lead tetraethyl applied to the sharen skin of a rabbit is lothnl. In the present Investigation, dilute jelutions in gasoline were applied to tho skin of rabbits and guinea pigs. $oS8(losa in body weight was obtained with rabMfts as tho subjects; the rogriSti wfth guinea pigs were inconcluslro. experiments, in wich the ulmels^ghalod. lead tetraethyl Tapor and exhai gaasns/^ reeu^^ were cnmlitsly negative, in spontaneous doath rat^i pletuf^/nurrout^Mutldnk^K muscle chronaxia* Chmtical analysis <^bhj^shod onlmals'^mwsd a agglvK&w accumulation only with the appUcatl$2&^e skin of the sign of true lead poisoning, the aizthoNencludds that there ^ lend poisoning to be apprehea^\ns& exposure to exhaust:gyM^^nlt thCMpger to persons employed ianoim^gSages and tank factorier^ tho cleaning_ef tanks Aromt otfalt with); and that it U^fen&eful ljg)&y prraBb^. danger to healtfa^fnouVwerod resistance is ilka- ^he relstivsd^-lov^sedraontrations actstfirsAsuse. 427 Iron Age, (December 3,1942). This article records Chemical Company in caring for men engaged in handling eslia alloys and gives c, review of tho vorld literature that is In many processes the handling of aagaeslw.ard its alloys US;than other caaaerciai metals. Potential health ham to: .slum are shom to have no practical significance, r As a >dy. a no more harmful than foreii bodies.of otherme^izMis, unlsssTbecte tsalnatlon, due to the use cf cutting oilSt d^^KTsent. The inflatable of magnesium is wall known end the circxmsfMe^p&e so well understgfe^, _ d that bums are no more frequen^n^in iron, and steel plsnt#*^Tbe of sulfur dioxide in scce of thm^mvetlons, and of magnesium du^(are al hazards, but these natcr- 'conditions are familiar to indubiyyfnad proper control can be anted. (Copies of report are avalltt^upo est from the Cow 3hec- Company,) * The Effects of Ascorbic Acid in Relation to DeadJChaonitldiL E.I. Evans, *.D. Norwood, R.A. Xeboe and W. tUchle* I,AJt.AT7T2^r3Ql-3Q4"(February 13. 1943, Ascorbic acid nutrition in workers in a large pladtjfca found to be poor in senoral, but mostly so in,lead workers. Careful,studylarge group of lead workers to whoso diet 100 og. of. ascorbic was added daM^eveeled no effect ca the lead ooncentrntion la the.blood, ^elimination in foein0p urine, physical con dition, of the men, nymberand severity of complaints, auiMgavof erythrocytes or stippled erytUrocy60s, or in the hemoglobin* Therefore^Sf'roason has been found for.recosmandiAg the use of ascorbic acid to counteract the effocts zi 429 Action, of Finely piwfdiwi. tat upon, the tunma*' L.C. Gardner and A.3. Delehant. Am, J. Pub. Healths 23,-153-154. (February, 1943). (A report on this inyestlgation was presented by Dr*. Gardner at the Foundation's Seventh Annual Meeting and is priated la the, Proceedings of that meeting. ) In, a scries of experiments on ceta and guinea pigs, it was shown that finely^ divided'metallic magnesia did not hnverany serious affect upon the lungs. -t was also shbwn. that "gaseous tumor* formation was absent primarily because the lungs freely coanolcate with external air* It Is stated that If manufacturing processes did pesmt Inhalation of appreciable Mounts of asfaeslMt 11 11 ly Improbable that serious lnjui7 to tbs lungs would ensue* Industrie! Hygiene Digest * xi 430 Possible Chronic Intoxication fay m. Zaffman sad S. Donoso. Revista Hedica de Chile* 70.908 (September. 1942)". (Spanish). The authors report a cose which* appeared to ba oaa of manganese poisoning and stato that ths incidence of manganese poisoning is now comparatively high among mino *rkors, since activity has greatly increased on account of the war. In one nine 15 out of a total of 200 wording without masks in an amosphere densely charged with manganese dust, had bocoao completely incapacitated. In other mines no cases of poisoning were apparent. Nearly all the minsrs with aengancse poisoning presented the typical dls'Qmanccs in their walk. Next in importance aroJM psychic symptoms in tho jwj^op^ttacks of excitation, depression, motivated laughtfr and even true ofilnted states* In the particular case d< to Manganese was uncertain, and microsco type of noninflasmatory vascular car lead or manganose, which are vo brain structure* .^ 431 of Industrie! Mercury Poi^ntw^ 2. Holstein. rcury poisoning may ai ,, accompanied by whole body* A turbances such as excitIgence, ate*, sometimee .da, azss, and finally of the means of sroujlng this intention tmor and therefore of stance and severity of mercury poison- lag. Staples of the' a of workers in the hair-felt-hat Indus- try,.where the macerating nitric acid, show of a solution of mercury In dilute bility, up to indecipherable scribble, or in one severe ca ame variability is sometimes found in successive te seme individual. An early sign of disturbaace<tf&ftr'9ft* intention spamor t pofceptlble, is tho omission of a lettor^^>*tMKoeglnning or.endjf^tho ture, or tho substitution of a letter sound, for .'the cogg$t o ., in the signature "Charlotte acmes.were connsnced "S". The defects revealed dwriting tsrt are related to the central nervous sys- by chronic mercury poisoning r existent or latent. The Inactivation of Phosphorus on the Sirin* ^ Go^$,, ba. tt and 6.H. Qakeshott, Brit* Med.,J. Ho.4282, 128-129 (January 30, 1943^ The phosphorus-inactivating properties of l aqugou^. copper sulphate, the copper sulphate-glycerol?starch, composition of Godding dSQjotton, and a new composi tion containing copper, in. an oil-soluble form made"from, copper oloate, Turkey- red oil (sulphosated castor oil), Trichloroethylene,^C^urgical spirit have been compared* The lart is shown to be the most effeowpsway of inactivating phosphorus, especially whan, associated with oil, solvea^t^ar rubber* A proce dure is suggested for with cases .contaminated wittNtfdterial from solf- igniting bombs containing phosphorus, oil, solvents, end rtifoer* N.B.: It^must be pointed out that. the. treateent. proposed Is for phosphorus on the skin. The high contenVef.^richlorethylene precludes use of the composition for such in ternal injuries. asv were recently described by Blaxltnd (1942), la which element al phosphorus was diffusely implsntod in the tissues* -- Authors' memory* 433 Silicosis in Potters ia the Silesian Glass Industry* S* Sebreou Arch.f. Gewerfaenath* u* Gewerbehva.. |0. 460-472 (Anill 16. 1941), (Geiaan). The author giyea the results of. radiological examinations in 95 workers with exposures to dust varying from under 3 up to 14 years* Of these, 35 showed no changes due to dust, 23 of them having occupation histories of less than three years* In 14 aarly silicotic changes were noted, ia 8 silicosis of radiological stage Z was found, la 9 stage Z-ZZ. la IS stage ZZ, ia 8 stage XX-ZZZ, and 6 Tf T ' Industrial ftrgisat Digest 12 434 Investigation of thw Function la Slllcotics. The Lung Durian and After Moderate Muscular Exercised 2. Hoelsea and ?. Eskeldsen. Acta mad. Sccndi'nav.. 109. 377 (1941) . ^- * Tlia article reports results of exercise taata with a bicycle-ergoaeter, on 12 patlaata with silicosis, 9 with tmphysaaa aad 14 healthy parsons. The eaounts of cxcrcisa was 400 par min. -for 10 minutes. All participants reached the stoady stata after about 5 minutes of exorcise. During this state the patients *ith first and second degree silicosjyAhowed a small average increase in venti- latio* and respiratory rate as comogo^dth the normals* Two patients with th*l}egree silicosis showed no nMOTea increase of ventilation. The oxyge: debvagjJLJbigh^Mhfirst a^d^hconroegree silicotics than in normals, s- high**jgL thirdQUgwe aiSt&ttes, and highest in the emphysema patieng^ vontilswa^ la tljiPsm^vwrj&pixlod was highest in the msphysema patiei in the sj^cdSlcsjjmiHoww in the normals. 439 Pnetmoconioi Po: iiettrtB. and i.f.Gowerbepath. Pawp oceous 164 .osis caused of "porphyry" and raoafcus porp .as of. the mountains in Northern Sax* ony^ Clinioel and: 90 of the workers confirmed tho probability- of the stone alight cauee silicosis; 167 were found to be olng stono breakers and 6B working chiefly as masons, and to stone dust especially in calm, dry weather. X-ray exaninatio cases with fully developed silicosis, 22 in the initial stageg s were the long periods of exposure-- from 11 to 45 years os--and the relative absence of symp- toss, occasional thh^onty c n.t. Radiography In a typical case showed nmero defined shadows u; the size of a pea, with calcified doposite a ght hilus; the apices unaffected. "Porphyry" and "tufaceo are purely aiajrfafcgglc the Rocklitz stone is of the .tty, and has a high co sold, which is regarded of the silicosis. iltcoais of Iatrathoracic Lynch Nodes as attonal Disoase. Hagen.- Areh*f.Gewerfaspath. , -10. 502 [Ana German) " According to the author, reports on silicosis^ legal regulations regarding compensation for occupational disease chiefly with sili cotlc changes In the ltmg tissue. Es describes cates of complicating severe silicosis of the iatrathoracic lymph nodes ^ a fatal outcome. One patient, a man aged 63, had comporativaly light sillcoi c changes in the lungs, but had also a severe silicosis of ths lymph nodes al bifurcation, which ~7 severe cicatrical shrinkage led to the formation of traq4|^a dlvortlcula in tne osophagus. The puncture of one of thsso led to pulaonaxT^ufecess formation ml generally suppurative bronchitis. Tho fatal outcome of thfepulmoaary abscesses must be regarded ns the result of silicosis. Several additional cases are ics* eribed end evaluated, leading to tho conclusion that when silicosis of the .;? nodes becomes the point of . origin of a severe disorder* it must be regarded u a compensable disorder, Juat: aj is severe silicosis of the pulmonary tissue. 437 Study of Industrial Workers Brassed to Sulfur Dust. 3.5. Pinto, R.A. Brown \nd S.H- Carlton* J.Iad.Syg. fc Tox., 2, 149-151 (April, 1943). . - A study was made of the aploytes at a sulfur mine. Among tbs taskers exposeto appreelable amounts of sulfur dust for a period of 7 years, so lung lesions were found on x-ray examination which could be attributed to the inhalation of sulfur dust -- Authors* sumuy. Industrial Hygiene Digest 13 438 Arising from Dust and Gas from Iron Aiiavs* K.W. Joetten. Arch. f. Hyp u*3akt. 127, 315-321 <1942). (Gasman). ; *6# Iroa. briquettes have been manufactured in Germany for some time and production is on & anil but increasing scale in this country. Therefore this account of Genian conditions say be of interest. Iron alloys used for making iron briquettes contain iron silicate (25-27$ of silica), iron manganese-silicate (40$ iron, 30$ silica and 30$ manganese}, not acre than 0.1$ pbosptorus, and an unknown percentage of arsonic. The^verlal is roughly broken up by v-*TM* and shovelled into a grinder. At it is sprinkled with water from a hoi dust ^formation, which\x)not great, but varies according to the ial" as does th%^3&r orcalciim carbide and garlle (arsenic! dust odor' slight fcosioi have OC< -beenArwvnoticeable in recent deliveries of aato: Although no special disturbaneesr^R^orth of years, many workers have recentl^SMlSaed of gaatroinfr iratory symptoms, especially afte^cnkMbns and dur- lag work of the ldtsrag&f\pn that^raq^lfrioM'Bay )hine and define! inism). alloys.which give off a -- fcrlic. review silicate and f ate alloys shows impurities in of phosphorus and arsen- fll as m&nganes (lung infIsolation and .ta'are pre * phosphine and arsine: . K.tozte.'Btfcetatrdi to life in -1 hour sg. .par-1.; limit of. pec&e&lbl) coldness, epigastric p dry-cough, loss of appotl few days; - chronic eff necrosis,.disturban 2.6 mg. perl.; dangerous cuous after 1 hour, 0*14-0.26 004 mg. per 1. Acute toalc effocts: ddlness, tinnitus, anxiety, dyspnoea, tching, dilated pupils, death after a phltls, digestive disturbances, dental hearing. Arsine; toxi^/fideYitrdtion r ol\ae. Acute toxic offects: headache, coldBraa^pigastrie pai Jaundice, hemoglobinuria and hena- turlft, retas^WM? urine, convulsion?, chronic effects: headache, loss of AjegieT tenderness over tf verrestlessness, insomnia, anemia. TwSfflgpspaetersined air concentre' one in therein workshop and near the ihutW made clinical examinetiens'^f, The manganese coacentra- )yn. ins such below the danger limit. Itic symptoms of phosphine arsine poisoning, ospocially haaaturiejfe|^aadgl$^gort not prosont in any "of the workers; , in 11 the hemoglobin was.90$^ih 27}s^Ky9$. Some gastro-intes- tinaj, and respiratory symptoms were reported* Po#sibtjy^ey ware due to the combined action of phosphine and arsine, especially after explosions, when the air concentrations, may have, been greator than tfiSsc^actually estimated. Preven tive measures, rececnand.ed Includo rare froquent cbsJBgM of personnel, medical supervision, "special nutrition?,(these workers shoutth# classed as "heavy 'cTi ers") > alteration in position.of the grinder (its aoitw^Shpuld not be too nigh above the ground), deposition.of the material In a dry S|a6e (ths present prac tice of, sprinkling with water may do: more barn than good<hj@raceuraging the evo lution of gases* Pick end Konrad* s reccccondation that 40*60$ ferro-silicate alloy stould not be used is regarded as of doubtful value, since Koelsch has stated that a silica content of over 73$ stabilise# tbs compotad end decreases the formation of. toxic gases* : . .... ... - 439 The Absorption and Sxcrotioa of Pluoride, II. The Metabollff Slab Levels cf Intake*-. iLiMachle and. 3.1, largent.... I.Imd. 2yg* jk Tox*, 112-123 (March, The magnitude and -characteristics, of the normal fluoride intake and output of a hiaan experimental subject have been described in an earlier paper* (Abstract No. 994, October, 1948). -The investigation was now extended to abnormal levels of Intake, in order to determine the threshold at which storage begins, to Iaduatri&l Srglwie Digest - 14 establish the relationship betwa absorption and storage, and to throw further light on the. apparent dose relationship between the absorption and the urinary excretion of fluoride* . At normal .levels of fluoride intake* the urinary plus the fecal output was found to egual the intake* but with higher intake levels the absorption and urinary/Mtiriicroaae, both varying directly with the amounts absorbed and therefore with each .other. Within limits, then, urinary fluoride excretion may be used as a mcasuro of fluorida storage. The absorption of fluorine is dependent upon the aqueous? solubility of the fluoride salt and its stato at the. time of ingestion. fluorides are effectively absorbed. PuMi^gy 440 Acad, of Med*, 19, 340*355 By bo cal pro' are app toxicity facts of sect! antion of info mparison of the physical* choical and(tolUs4Wlogi-> nary Irritants, many practical pointe^R^pportciice s of data are presented showing the rghagpcabip between ' between irritation and toricJdfc. YgBk general ef- Irritants are also desaribB^bxth an excellent The section on tree^d&Agcentuates the need for adaidstrationxW>S*ied but venesection is venous projgmr^&ge of blue cyanosis* The followinjury is discussed briefly. 441 /monia Gas Palaan*^. 47 cases of aaaonia pel Mild cases showed acute chitls, and severe severe cases* died* 241. 93-96 (1941)* bllowlng boob damage to a condenser, tracheitis; moderate cases, acute broa3 of 27 moderate cases, and 7 of 11 tlve against emoda* Hoaonyooua-HeRlj^^hiA; ig -Carbon; -Sleet 103. Ij^BCfanrch. 1942). .. . Carbon.apndrataifpisoning may produce,^ oedema, and occasio " ~ irtex. Leslons:of the-opti >tor: origin. Two eases of: homo jpsia are given in the literature anonymous hemianopsia*: .-In- the .-last caso and the persistence of tho-right field dofec nine* X. Francois. Ophthalmolo- somotlaes ending in optic the optic tract 3 and apparently due to asphyxia sla and one of binasal odds a third case cf f the left field defect al interest* 443 Blood-Carbon Monoxide-and Ancx^la. I* Binet. Kt&^tru&za and F. Nicolle. Corot* rend. Soc, Biol**-133._ aSTfik (1940). . The carbonjBoooxlde content of the blood agy.be do\ffifed- when the chloralosed deg is subjected to flowered oxygen, tension. The increase^jifcpllals the increase n blood-h*globia. Both hamoglobin and carbon monoxide^ajfcraised by alrenn-.-e Injection-; -The increase, in carbon monoxide may be inhibSgejfc-hy ligature of too splenic blood vessels* 444 Factors Producing Carbon Monoxide from Cegn Stoves. F.F* Scbolander and others. J. Ind. Hyg. fctox., |S, 132-136 UUret, 19*3)1 Experiments were conducted to find out whet dretsutanees promote monoxide cutput froa camp atovoe, including the Primus kerosene end Coleoen gasoline stoyos. Only a mall Mount of monoxide was found In tho combustion fumes whoa the flame burned freely In fresh air whether the flame was aoxssl or distorted. A cold plate in..contact with the flsme*greatly increases tho output of monoxide, espe' ciaUy when the fltte is distorted* Cooking In a tent made of impervious nateritl or coated with ice caused serious poisoning* aid occasional ventilation or two open vents did not protect against polsoaing* However* heating and cooking in a porous tent gave only an insignificant Mount of aoacxlde in tho blood* Industrial gygiene Digest . IS 443 aSydrocvaMc Acid Poisoning by Absorption Through the Skin. 3.M. Has3. Uueach. Had. Woch., 89 . 4921495 (hay 29, 1942). {German). While inhalation of hydrocyanic gas is the commonest cause of cyanide poisoning in nan, absorption through the sttn frequently occurs. In either case the essen tial factor in the rapid toxic effect of nail eaounta of hydrocyanic acid is paralysis of cellular respiration, ^concentration of 1-2%, even when a gas oasle is vara, has caused severe sy^mas, including sensation of heat, flush!: palpitation, rapid pulse, foUqrt$3?&fteadache, *30**106 and lassitude. Hij iScQise the absorptive capacity of the aid: at include ventilation, suitable clothing, and spec: mwhere formation of hydrocyanic acid acute symptoms consists of removal of directly contaninated areas respiration; intravenous utlonJ, Tor of sodlts thiosulp^t< to Inhalation of carbon de haf also stimulate the are'quoted* A 4 months tufforing from scolved by : ppllcation of a 10% potos- .da solut five minutes, but correct itaent led to he case of a man who received burns of the head with soditm cyanide, death occur- red within two hours ata treatment in hospital. Pos'ttortem findings indicated that re due to rapid absorption of cyanide through the Injured skin* Nitrogen Oxide Poise Acta ated. Scardlnav. 109. 471 (194fiT~ Clinical pict^A^^atholbgical-anStoniCv _ in poisoning with ve;or containin&^siwr nitrogen oxides.^? NOg] N204 ffgO) arc similar to Two cases are 'described, firsst case the poisoning occurrec^n"a man during welding with'o$4l9d.c&e( badly ventilated roca. 'and signs were those of a bio: examination oxtenal7e ipneuoonic foci were seen in both Thg-pAChctrocardicgrem revealed 'insufficiency of the right coronary arti _ _ _ e_^fihaemia of short iura- 'tioa was observed* All the symptoms' and slgsgj&d' di'sa*pp' eared after seven lays. In the other ease the patient suffered from poisoning ^wukro inhalation of n reddish-yellow gas which had been formed after s^tesfoxmsr had been struck by a'bolt of lightning* Symptoms and signs were slafXar>to those found m the first patient; however, x-ray examination revealed lung f^ftfccrationa which ware -re lax to sillsry tuberculosis* The patient reoovered bi|ggLfttel7 after one and & half months* * It is assimod that in both cases a tcric^prtSfcapnary oedema was pre sent, caused by the inhalation of various nitrogen oxld^jg/ffibe patients were reexamined after one end a half years and one. and a qunrtS^|$4ara, respectively and were found healthy. ...... 1 . 447 Relation of Sulfur DioAde to Damage from flue Gases* C. Looser. Cham-Ztg. ^5, 337-340 (1942); Bull. Inst. Paper Cham*, 12, 1. The author discusbeh the toxicity of sulfur dioxide to plants, tnlnale and nen. He states that 1 part in 500,000 la harmful to roses, but that binan beings feel discomfort only at 6 times .that concentration, while 1 part in 900 of air pre vents breathing had leads tb:-death*' The. amounts'of sulfur dioxide resulting from burning different types of coal are tabulated, end methods for rendering the gas harmless are discussed;'"' ' ' .......... ' Industrial hygiene Digest . 26 448 Sulfur Dioxide Chemical ?ntmgoala: Report of a Cast with BteoT>w> following Acci dental BgplosiOtt_Qf_a Rafrigerator gait* E.L. Goldburgh and 3.a* Goulav. Am.-- Iat. Med., 18, 237.342 Tyebruary, 1943)* Concentrated sulfur dioxide inhalation m&7 lead to acute Inflammation of the res* piratory tract, culminating in "chemical" pneumonia. After such exposure, a hoy, ***.13 previously well, quickly showed signs of broachopulaonary iavolvaaent. Cyanosis/dyspnea were aotahle faaturos* Sulfathiazole thsrapy contributed to tho recovery, but its use, limited to thmjfrcute phase of the illness, did not prevent tho later development of bronchifttfbiW -- Author1 s stmmary. ' 449 .cnicals on the Evas of the ClvllianAc Bull* N.t. Acad, of Med., i, sternutatory and lacrinato^^g^aro ex* must ho prepared fo^nawN^&own gases, hemolytic gas, was connaegpn a possiblity urged to twambetf thK^applylng no local eyo hnn using aMgramran which may damage tha are notraKlKras secondary infection is appli^@^g^f the war gases, tha Isae* conjunctival culs If acid is known t tion) should be us of the eyes is to flush the e solution of salt (1.4 par cent) eodiai bicarbonate (2 par cent soluconjunctlval cula-de*aac would be flushed. with boric vUtion). The imodlate instillation of light liquid petrolatum Severe:pain may i traindicated only in mustard burns, pontocalne (0.3 por cent solution) or butyn (1 per < it is preferable to control pain with interastt'^j^leation tsbrphine, etc.) as most local anesthetics have^a delatsrwgpeffoct on the corgafi iva* Secondary infection should be ccnbattnKifiraild silver protein st M solution or ointment (35pggedkhrr Iritis should be severe buns and treated with etpeffinaQrolutlon or ointment unless develops. Ulcers of the the secondary corneal sc heron nay require surgical at* . Industrial Carbon Disulfide Poisoning. I. Whnecfce, .f.Gewerbopeth. u. Gowcrbohyg., 1^ 198*248 (December 31, 1941). {ftfgpaa)^ The article is an extensive rovlow of tho litera'Qtf^on carbon disulfide poison ing with an account of tho discovery of tha gas, introduction, chemical pro perties, mechanic of toxic action, and a rastma of^th%jauthor's investigation of 80 cases seen during recent years. The nervous syagg^is chiefly affected, owing to - tho lipoid solvent action of carbon disulfide oa^eatral and peripheral nervous:tissue* In high concentrations 16.4*10 O0&. per"l*)narco*is results. In chronic poisoning (0.15 nga. por 1J the continued mul?dosago causes var ious symptoms, the most characteristic of which are related to psychotic distur bance, peripheral nerve.injuries end gastrointestinal changes* In America, z.zz mga. per 1* is the aodAia permissible concentration In a workroom. In the so cases studied, only 6.were acuto* In 21 cases the symptoms were predominantly psychotic; in 13 cases, they were related to central and peripheral nerve izy^v end in 35 to gastrointestinal disturbance*.- %s nature and severity of these symptom* oro: discussed, a description is giTen of the method and apparatus ie- visod by'Trtuanhofer for estimating: thocarbon disulfide content of the air. .ha roactlon .depends on tho formation of potassi\ xanthoganato when air containing carbon disulfide, 1*.passed through a lCflt alcoholic solution of caustic potash. Industrie! Hygiene Digest - 17 451 flhat tbs Ventilating Bw^neer Should Snow About Carbon Tetrachloride. a. ?. >uadland. Seat. h-Vent., 40, 36*39 (March, 1943). ** Ifels article describe* the physical properties and health hazards of carbon tetrachloride. Methods of deteminlag the vapor concentrations la air are given. General ventilation factors are discussed but no specific recoamendations are included. * 7 453 The Acute Toxicity of Tanora of. Seregtf Monoallcyl Ethers of Ethylene Glycol. H.W. Xerner, w.J. venOottingan aSKhtSSsI J. lad. %g. fc ToxT, :s, 157-163 1943). ea ns solvents in industries, but InfoxaadTpaNy theti s incomplete and there is act sufficioMt^d^? ask* caparisons of health hazards of thes*^l5se/?o other ts. Therefore, this study was undeatak^dSfe the sug- gestion of Industrlal Medicine of the Nat^Mg^sscorch Council, The present he first part of the study, whh&jlr'concerned with the effeffS ' ataly long .exposures of jstte tc-nulous vapor con- ceatfCl&g^6f _ ipoi Tha materials lavj^QggQpi are the methyl, othyl, &P iso-propyl ethyleno gl ~ Results are given in 'orthors'. sum^jaa coj iQVMi an-hour exposures of mice to vapors of soae of the?*0fcriei sol oj asionally produced lung, kidney, or liver changes*. S f_ the compounds frequently produced histologically doabnst 2. The usual sl^ of toxic action of all ccopounds was d Sional common sign with nsar-lothal con- centrations of the n-propy butyl derivatives was severe hemo- globiauria. 3. Deaths ' s to vapors of the solvents studied coKonly occurred hours after starting exposure; howover, in & usiher^ deaths occurred toward the cad of the exposure etwean the feat the fourth week following sxpo- sure. .. >thal concentre.oxp as eg. per 1. indicate that the et ethers decrease . the following order: Butyl, mat and ethyl, tso-pro.pyl exes indicate that, with comparable to those in these difficulty of control- ential hazards of the. derivatives decrease in the follow- rdar: Methyl, ethyl, iso-propyl, np Chronic Poisoning from Methanol inhalation*. Arch.f.Gewerbepath, u.Gewerbohgg.... 369-574 (June U, 1941} There bore haem few ease* of methyl alcohol (met) rol>>poisoning from inhalation or skin absorption la industry,, because the concentz^tlons used are generally low, and also because methanol is Mt highly volatlieacute narcotic affect results from oral Ingestion, the toxic doses being Toxlc cTfccts on parcnchymatouj and nervous tissues ora ascribed to the refection of aathasol, when dissolved In the body, fluids, to fozaic sold and foafiftbbyde* Symptoms may be headache, giddiness, stupor, slight cyanosis, ate*, and especially dis turbances of vision, '.which may result in blindness^ Tbs atmospheric concentra tion corresponding to this oral toxic dose would be about 65 op. per liter, whleh Is unlikely to .bs found in industry* The author describes a case of a iBzksr poisoned by manipulating material soaked with methanol in a centrifuge. The material contained 30-40)1 of:methanol, but no complaint* bad been made evor a period of 6 years until blackout measures were instituted* Zn this case, symptoms were pleural irritation and serious failure of vision, particularly '.a tbs right eye* After S weeks removal,from exposure the vision improved so *.ist fins prist could be.read at a distanee of 20 cm* The pleural irritation, which was considered, dueto enlargeaont of the liver returned after 14 days return to woxfc. The only other pathological signs were a decreased patellar reflex and Industrie! HygltM Digest 13 an increase la the average TvL coll diameter (7.3 mu). The concentrations of methyl alco&ol la difftren? parts of the room under varying conditions aiiowad levels of from 1.6 to 10.9 aga. per 1. Pgeliatnary atdical examinations indicat ed that the wrker was especially susceptible to eye injury; dso, some abserptloa through tha skin may have taken place. The author concludes that concen- tratloaa of 10 aga. per 1. nay produce chronic toxic effects, and that 1 ms. or at scat 2 mgs. per 1. should not be exceeded. 454 Sxpeclmeatal Trinitrotoluene Pol -*--4. Srtact of Diet. H.P. Hiasworth L.|^$Lynn. Clinical Science, 4' -447 (Decber 15, 1942). UK-Jhe.dewelo Off 1 ^stations la rats after adalnistratis of tha diet* Severe symptoms aad logic ats taking'a high fat diet whilst in^ph^S'taking a high gh protein diet the ill effects arasafUa$or absoat. (2) la rats shows ths following (a) Lo b)' Increased appetite, (c) 2xerigjnialT high concen- tratloaa the urine, (4) Chsngejfctfn thb^nlood aad associated ties which are 4 greatJySjiye la heaoglobia, the ^"of ulocytcs aad Ml^SgSHtic orythrocytea la tha blood, tic hyporplaSS&ltf^fhe bona narrow aM siderosis spleen, (o) ' which rfSh&ma fatty laflltratloa to aa acuta necrosis of __ Epfcoes of hair. (3) Evidence la presea of tha high fat diet la facilitating ths toxic action of Off diet eo influencing the aal&al's meta- boll* as to impede Its ab of the 1ST within its tissues. (4) The close resablan act* of C7T la the rat aad the find- lags la himan cases jnatrated. -- Authors1 suscary* 455 Aa Outbreak of Peck. Pub. s from Airplane. S: pts77 58, 425-631^?A Cowers. Schwartz end S.B. 1943). The autho^ v ^ the article as ' outbreak of dermatitis was ' 'workers manufacturing cowers made from a special H.tt;?., a chemical added to prewent deterioration it, was found to be the actual break. 3* K.X7. is both irritant aad a sensitizer. Hec de that all workers idling pliofilm eoatelalag the HJC.P. wear4 >rea and aprons made of ordinary pliofilm, vlnyllte, koroseal or Indicated phane. The hands aay be protected by wearing finely knitted cotton or"*' sons on the job of heat seeling can protect their hie"leather gloves. Parfrom ftaes by the use of a protective ointment of the invisible glove type, 4ermatitia persims after the recomeaded precautions are observed, workerd sho(^d^be resowed frtm further exposure to tha material. 454 from Cutting xuerios'fc Minor Kotos* X.JUK^U, 121. 223 (January 16, 19431. ,. ^ The largo majority of cutting oil deanatitis occurs from the ineoluble oils, which are sterile as far as pathogenic bacteria are concerned. In fhe use of water soluble cutting oils, ths skin aay be injured by setel sliwtrs contained therein, and tha cut infected froa the bacteria in the water soluble oil or on the soiled skin end clothing*. Sedimentation and filtration are used in many plants to renown the tllwers. Beat sterilization or disinfectants aay be implor ed to kill the bacteria. The use of disinfectants-prevents reinfection of the oil in the pipes and at tha aachinas, but the disadvantage In their use is that they ere skin irritants. Industrial Qrglaaa Digest - 19 457 Spontaneous Desansitlzatian la Qaeupatlanai Ecam its Significant far Es timation. P. Soch. iCed. Klin., 37, HOP (October 31, ISaTrr^r^T^.kffT""---------- followup examinations on patients with occupational cza who bad been advised to change tbair occupations but bad not dona so, revealed that tbe majority were still subject to eczema but some aad lost it la spite of-further ooatact. An average of about 15* of the patients in various occupations were ao longer sub* Ject to eczama. Regular weekly observations on 8 patients studied disclosed two different forms of development. One group of 5 patients experienced at every resumption of serk, first a consider^TM exacerbation of the disorder, then a gradual regression of the nanifegrigio^ and finally a complete or almost cc hanlfcS^ha*1^1" * * *** 55a\^& the 3 other cases ecza occurred on ' and recorded af rk was resumed. Later, the lesions he body, but in a form so slid that capaeit^Wk not' Is a dasUitizat; various ot] hard .been any dis< author thinks that the only possibMb i^^/cnation presupposes specific allergic procassde&Sbough play a part. Results of artlflcij^ VMpfifltlzation thod should not bo abandoned. (v5pr observations eh any become the besls^$vmore favorable results. 458 imatlt Service Mask. J.A.M.A., Clinical rs.T21, 422 (Je [57"- stole is a ,c ed 42. with rubber respirator dermatitis. On adais 'ed a bright red erythmaatoveaicular cutaneous eruption eonf his face in close contact with the gas mask, There was a nic seborrheic dormatitis of the scalp, axilias, and the crural physical abnormalities were found, After treatment the worsens task and this tias presented more severe' symptoms, 1 ztng's';^rusti^ and pronounced edema. Tbo eruption responded to tree compressing ah) Application of bland antipruritic lotions and oi ' Patch teatsksben Sjjhat the dezmatltls was not iuo to the rubber .t to chemicals ua"^ i; ^a^^nufacturing process. 459 The g leansing Materials on t 1. Healt Sign. O.Schnorr, irbepath. u.Gewerbebyg., 10; ^ 30, 1940). (German) of a ntmber of liquid and solii s used for cleansing the was testod by estimating: (1) the ^ centration of tho skin. the evaporation; of-apisjure,. aad: (3) tho^fr^lillag^drato cutaneous tissues after, repeated ussv i'The.. conditions of use were stsictlxjOfttrolled. Methods -used in aaklng the estiaations are described, T^xre^re^Vntat1ve cloansers wore examined. and the results'estimated as indicative o^^wLinjurious effect on the skin wert sm increase is tha. pH value.of tho skin, cjdecyoase in the time of evaporation of moisture, and an increase of swelling, ""Judged as a percentage difference from the initial value.- The skin cleansers "Wg|*d fell into three groups, Recording to tht-offacts observed: (l) Those pro^gffijig no final substan tial increase In ths p& value of tho' skin, which wore regard*# as suitable for regular use; (2) Those producing a final rise in pE value after an intermediate fall or state of equilibria. This group is regarded as suitable for all but sensitive skins; (3) Those producing on uninterrupted rise In pB value. This group, which iacluded a pumice.soap was considered suitable only for occasional claensingofTerydirtyskio.' . ... - 460 Effect of Clacnelaa Katariai .on the ttman 3kln 2. In Sld.ii Disease. K.Schnitaler. Arch.f,Gewerbapath7u.Gewerbehyg.. 10. 422-436 (Decaaber 30. 1940). (Gorman). Many"industrial dermatoses, particularly pf tho hands, wrists, and forearms, re sult from direct contact with injurious materials, ths injury being localized m ths eplthtiitpt. However, the natural buffer-regulating capacity of the skin is Industrial fygieat digest 20 net effective in the presence of external alkaline agents* Increased alkalinity of the skin is followed by swelling of the hors calls, with closing of the folli cles sad inclusion of foreign particles and bacteria. Tbs lattar penetrate to *he daepar tissues where the pH. is nearer to osutral and favors optimal growth* Cleanliness Is a protection against' industrial dsi&atosls if the cleansing aater* lal is of a suitable constitution and sufficient time is devoted to thorough washing* The affects of cleansers on various forms of skin disorder (excluding cases of generalized eczema) were* tasted in the seme manner and using the seme methods as those used on healthy ski^t In the second series the clinical pro gress of the lesion was estiaate^^SL cleansing matarials investigated were divlftd into three groups: (a) Sm2bh solid or liquid, alkali-free, of acid 'or^Ai in skin disorders; (b) 'Alkaline sot substances -- long continued use of t: Alkaline soaps containing kaolin, pj coarse consistency, are uasuital 4a luently c areas* 'Black that Id is of sotie spooking, the term "blad bo cvpkod not only on the Authors' sisaaary E. Crbach Lllsbury.. 13, 1943)* fact that und conditions a black line ed with ce Black dermographism net all p gold jewelry on powdered a The earlier theory ghifleance is erroneous* Strictly is a misnomer, since the reaction can on coarse paper, Cloth and wood. -- 462 Serato-Con of Ophth*, This, is a sorato con^j ti njunctivitla") * M* Sanders, Arch. (October,5 2) report on .investigate 4ato the etiology of epiicnic ,/spread. coast area and has reached The cause of the di ^ although evidence points to agent, a virus* Swis rally with conjunctival scrap followed by mild symptoms from oh from the second aouse-passage was : aouso-brain* This produced a straia-'wbich icted intraperltoneaily and with the conjunctivitis, recovered* Brain ecuiculture of aabr/onic ,ce and gave rise to a pathologic picture which though not unique .e that in other cca- mon virus infections* Conjunctival instillationt^f^he mouse virus in a h'-xian ' volunteer produced in four days a mild eoajunciivfSjK repeated in the asps eye typical korato-coajunstivitis darveX^>eA* The ser\ of the patient fron whom the original material was obtained had a ne^^^izing effect on the mouse Hrus*k A second isolation of virus has been effected^But the identity tf this virus with the first has not been fully establishedf^^is it a preliminary report a_ nd further * work v. * _ will be . done on the * isolated strafagiof virus* 463 Bpldaaic Sorato-ConJunctlTitis* M. Sanders end others* J*A*K*A*, 121* 230 235 (January 23, 1943)* The authors prose&t an eztensivo report on epldealc kerato-conjunctivitia, with clinical and epldMfiiologlc data oh 80 cases, including classification of symptoms, proof of method of tranfiBissiOn; dohstrattoa of antibodies, aad recc^ondaticns ' for prevention of the spread, of the disease* . 464 felddC'gerato-CoaJtinctiHtis: ^Shipyard Eve." C* Huh* Calif* k West. Hod. t lftiis, tJwu*ry, 1943). ....... 7 \ - . ' , symptoms and characteristics of epidic kerato-conjunctivitis are listed, end include a suddea onset, itching, irritation, blurred vision, pain, and Industrial ^giene Digest - 21 varying degree* of inflammation and hyperemia of the bulbar and palpebral con junctiva. Precautionary measures for plant physician*, nurses, and executives to prevent the spread of the disease ore also listed, Therapy, including iced compresses and 9$t sulfathiazole ophthalmic ointment does not influence the course of the disease, but gives symptomatic relief. It is believed that the incubation period is from 5 to 12 lays, and the close contact and direct trans fer are necessary. 465 Industrial Bye Affections. P.A. Jae Med.Klin., 37, 1244-1247 (December 12, 1941). (German). This is an elmwntary survey of d^ansti al eye affections, containing refore: to types that are not wtdely^iowa. Mention is made of hydrogen sul; ophtSEme aectt^mongst igXttari in artificial silk, the symptoms beii to thbd^ofvele^^&^il^&uiStL; and of ths ocular changes seen In wof2e>%>fcith oniline^syet. AnJtfcU#3^TM# say induct lesions ranging from discQggrawd of the conju&ctii Ited by touching the affected tarreeea wwlitthL>^6_0'4_Sr c. ent alco- hoi -- to iridocyclitis. Benzine may lead^toy^atral scotomata and the Reparations -- used extensively (&jft femoval of fatty suhstj nerve lesions. Benzol.^^ol aS& toluol cro blood poi; .ea< rrhage, retrobulhg^^^ttls and severe corneal 466 i+m*n at Tfltiftfi ;ted. anira Icterohaemorrhagiae with lamina Sena.. C.L. Rents,. 38. 10-15 (January 1.1943) Sertm from patients conri Lent. s disease and immune rabbit sen* end plasna prevent the da .to mice infected with L.lctorohaemorr- hagiae. Ths affect of t] masked If ateinistered on or before the fourth day after 1] l: 467 Survey Of Cosmo _ ch__Have. B4eiTTeat Harwell. KdSi^&Sr Institute, This bullj apfbsents a survey of Activltv. X.L. 371 pp. (1341). carcinogenesis in *~e highor^s^ ' the action of caret ' a, and bacteria is not tissues, tissue cultures, literature is covered to the compilation also lncludes'',^^flaomeM^5L compounds from the nlshed work of Dr. U.J. Shoar and Dr^E^v StegrJsOf the Rational Cancer ttitute. The results of the testing of 6^^C^thee^^wounds are newly report ed, while 45 are new to the whole cancer litmjwrs. ^SK&gether the work com prises data referring to 696 chsmical substances*. of thisjb, 169 are reported to be carcinogenic, apart from 23 observed as causigggfegplilomas only* After ua Introductory discussion, the bulletin takes ths fOMnef a tabular review which classifies the substances, and gives data on methoA^T^gdaihistration, type of animals, ete. The author draws attention to the incoi|lAtJiea# of ths data for many of the compounds listed, and urges the more systSQg, investigation of compound* already studied in a preliminary fashion, and fw^ha filling cf large gaps among substances which it would stem desirable to teeG^Ths review is com pleted by a bibliogrmplv (over 1200 referenesa), and separate iadaxss to compo routos of application, vehicles, species, and t\*or-eite*. 46B Industrial Toxins and War Production. H#N. Salmas. Science, 2i> 384 (1942). The author-contributes evidence from Gsauuy, Britain, and ths united States . indicating that toluene, benzens, and TUT itself destroy vltvin C (ascorbic acid) in.ths bodleS-Of wcrSmen.exposed to vapors or to akin contact. Some crg^-cItstions give suchworkman"ibo'sypi. of vitssin C daily to replace what is lose, and the results here been encouraging in maintaining-health and vigor* Industrial Hygiene Digest 22 449 7*U1 Accident from Welding In a Closed Cooker. P. Plsch. Z% Spiritusind., 63, 253 (1940) (Q#jqia) . x5 welding of a copper pipe to a sheet-copper cooker (2 m, x 4 a.) resulted ia Jhm death from pulaoaary edema of theiikaan, who had spent soma 40 minutes (with a breek occasioned by a fit of coughing) iaside the cooker; the edo&a be* iag due apparently- to nitrous poisoning* Precautions are discussed. 470 Metal y/eldars* Cisease la a Crsao.Prlycr. H. Waniek. Areh.f.Gwerbepath.u. Gcwcrbehyg., 11, 179-134 TDecanber^f 1941). (German). The author has previously descr ltd welders' disease" as a chronic iwrp^ace of thyroid and liver fhh^Lon. He here reports a case of this ti&a^in a crenivdriver, cgMShed to the fiaes and gases arising from oh proee^ in arrowshop been operating the crane for sov 3. Syaptaa^ttriwmd^^wreid dysfunction included nervous 1 exoos- slve swatifig, iWfcoft weight. falling of the halri rapid p is tremor of the fingterf U^^murbance was shown by loss of appetj^e a and slck- ness, ccaigjs^iciii^fi^a. :5auer> t galactose test gave : livor f of disturbed 471 lers S\ to ><ft ft* H.S. Kuhn and e* Jr. &S, 63-63 one welders tlon before and eft the night shift. S 3lopl teat for speed of dark adapts* _ nine were on the day shift. 22 on eaoh received 10.000 units of vitamin A before starting work received a placebo at dark adaptability oao ddle of the shift. The other welders here ia no evidence of a general lack of 'and vidence of any decrement in this func- tlon during an aighter gain In dark ad^ than>tmose reeelvtd vitamin A showed no greatnot receive it. This should not be interpreted^^. mhS that casts o vi A deficiency would not respond to such that these wel t- respond with longer treatment or unde^uM^t conditions. Irtdi oaces in age, domicile, type of waldifiZsaoggtes, end food showed fferencee in gain or loss of III i ^nark adaptation during an Welders on the night 3hif a significant avorsge gain In during their work. This 1 buted to a greater demand for dark mg periods when they were % actually welding. Several' inferences ^ from this fact toward possible improvement of visual ease la wel by fufc^he^ visual engineering :n this field. The clinical conclusion is that ths^pxcej number of complaints - .among welders is due to icadsquato^protoctive eg|ment or carelessness in its use.Authors9 summary. ' ` v- 472 Chronic galaon*** Bronchial Ulceration i^atf^Hoctric Arc Cellar. 5L3. Nayar. J.A.M.A.. 119. 1300 (AuaUSt 29. 1942). gJ Since 1936 there have bean several- reports in the llterfc$& of roentgenegr- pulaonsry changes in electrio arc welders. The roentgenograph!c abnormal it: discovered by survoys on apparently healthy workers, ranged from increased n shadows to a generalized fine or nodular mottling simulating silicosis. Che workers had no symptoms and were sot disabled in aiqr way. There was a hijtc of long exposure to the products of arc welding, usually 15 years or sore, t roontgosographlc changes were apparently produced simply by the seeimulautc iron plpent. Times arising from coated rods are largely inorganic material ::a- sisting of nnely ^vidod Aroa, osidav^ Theauthor reports-the case of a *-iirty year old white man. an arc wilder for 7 years, admitted to the hospital *i?n cough, jput\m. and dyspnoea. The ataisslon roentgenogrw showed multiple liz* sad nodular densities traversing the middle third of the right lung from toe Industrial Hygiene Digest - 23 root out to the periphery. There was also some exaggeration of the linear Bark ings of the left lung. The tentative diagnosis, on admission, was bronchogenic carcinoma with lyaphtngltic spread. Bronctoscopy revealed a considerable amount of purulent material in the lower part of the trachea. There was an ulcerated granulating'lesion la the right sain bronchus just below the tracheal bifurca tion* a large amount of nonfoul purulent secretion was seen distil to this lesion* Sections of this granulation tissue, removed by biopsy* showed nonspecific inflamatory changes with large masses of iron pigaent scattered about. Removal of the granulation tissue and repeategjlbronchoscopic dilation of the loft sain mals without dotriacat to normal growth or aetivdtfe^The chwaical can therefore thimers, and radioactive substances, with special refareaee to the 1937 Factor- les Act of Great Britain end later amendments, which includes anmia from these sources la the compensable diseases. Tborfe fozas of anode are ell of the type now known r*s "dyahaaatopolotic''; and leukopenia (lack of white cells) and lympho cytosis (excess of lymph cells) are present to varying degrees* Blood eounts end ratioe -for several of the-poisons are presented in tabular fox* and several cases-are described;---- -- -- - 476 Influence of ;Work-on ^Physiological Reactions to The**"^ C.2.A. Winslow and A.P. Gagge. Aaar.I.Physiol., 134. 664-681 (1941). Two undressed men pedalled on a stationary bicycle eo as to increase their meta bolic to over 300 kg-cal par hour. Tbs rosults were compered with those in Industrial Stolen* Digest - 24 the subjects at r*at In a sm&l-recllning position (metabolism 80*100 kg.-cal). Radiation art* Is the some as in the resting subject (70% of the surface area). Convection constant on the stationery bicycle at rest is 20% less than at rest reclining. Pedalling at a rate of 30 revolutions per minute greatly increases the conrection constant, equivalent in cooling power to an air movement of 30-40 cm. per second. Evaporative regulation In the working subject is so effective that skin temperature is constant actually being lowor at a given operative tem perature for the working than the sedS&g body. With increasing metabolism at a. givQ^operatlve temperature sklnc^dkcaature of the trunk falls. Rectal taopj atttj^Tmses under working coalLtio)pK Internal temperature not skin tempers contrpi^the se^atv seeretlg\n)Khanla* Thermal sensation of pleasentngi^. ik^> produced/ip. (metaboils& 300-400 kg.-cal.) at operfftS)e^roa- peratur*^^ inst^^^r:with the resting subject. Maximum cqti$roc* erpor- lenced ih^go^ at 2 below the point where active swgat wSretion begins. 477 Sasls etlon to Tropical Cliaai Uaiv. np " l/i-as (is Lost from diation, ce convection, and evaporation isolated to c ronmont s in heat production by the body. The cons heat loaa are dlscuaaed in de- tail. The extent to la tha cardio-vaicular and othar systmas can compensate ce is dAonstrated, and tha signs of breakdown in thaae coape na are described. The effects of food and of work on thermal part played by the endocrine glands in maintaining this eq ed. Disturbances of the water and electrolyte balance roi conditions that Interfere with heat lose. When^MkeAbation tSj with heat lota fails, the rosult- ing crisis rculatory insufficiency, eleetrc- lyte hyperdehydratiq^ oglcal factors relating to each form o%r, iWf, together with the a cal slgae and the development of Izatlon to heat, are disc section is devoted to clina- and their assess&ent in rolatl comfort and body reactions. sioloaical Aspect of a Miner' 3 Work. ^S.N. Moss. Trans. last. ____ 141-151 (1941). The oxygen expenditure of walking at 3 m.p.h. wu^uasuof? In several subjects when erect, at a half-stoop, at full-stoop, and osr^ll-fourt. The oxygen cons^p- tlon of a 2 minute exercise period and of recovery^topthe original resting level was very mush increased by tho stooping posture, thm/ncnditure on all-fours be ing more than three times that in the orect posture. $^m^lar comparisons were made during loading weights under a roof of varying hsfjh0\ any posture that re qnired the use of the back musclos increased oxygen coartBpeion. In all tests training *1ti1 Hi *** the oxygen consumption. InvlroaBentajf^mperature had no influsnes on the mechanical efficiency of ergomster work. 479 Sensations of Heat Maiature. G.P. Crowden and W.T. tee. Chinese J. Physiol., 15, 479-483 (1940r. An arbitrary scale was fixed for sensations of t^perature and moisture, -ea. perature sensations were correlated with dry-bulb temperature, moisture sensa tions with relative hwidity and sweated indices for the two with the "total heat of the air19 as used. In air-conditioning. ' . Industrial Hygiene Digest - 25 Methods of Detection and Determination 480 Electron Microscopy on Asbestos Dust Arch.f.Gewerbepath., 10 . 473 7April . on Lunas in Asbestosis. J. Suehn. 1942) r?G*pman).------------ Tii* ajAhor reports son* mlcrosco ta of asbestos and of lungs of asbes- tosirrictims for^th* purpose of aing what variety of aabaatos la reajftiii ibio 'tgr^sbesto#^. S#rgp(l atollt*) asbestos la tb* form geae5ea3vy usod, ~ would b* found In lungs with asbestf-- Sundius however, that only bornhl*nd* asbest. strable l eating that serpentina dust la decomposetf^h the :is- sues. Tto alactroa microscope to atudy thiLo5m^#?z# and structure of^S^^a' free dust ;and aa found In taTausls. It la usual- 17 easy farms undo? th* elects*ai.c*Hcope, tb* serpen tin* b*ihg)g*ac: , dear and trpm&ypt, and hornblende rigid agg^gAr In dl os8alnatlo9!^B>li^<$artlclea from 3 lungs did novSaalcat* eloarl was pres* ~ toe'pbotomicroscopic determina ti of'the refract!o" wsl te!us and Bygdea, was then aa* ployed. That method asbestos needle* Isolated from th* lungs were of th# horabl conduded that serpentine asbestos is decomposed in the lungs ~ tlal cause of fibrosis. When asbestosls lungs ar* macerated with ni en peroxide, both free asbestos needles.and aabeatoala btdoo^ Ssmhlend* asbestos shows no signs of decomposition by ther4&\ths free needles or on the asbosto- ala bodies. , nation, of -Lead 3Ly43one 273 (German). `<5' The phic method, which is ^ unts of material, simpler pro:*' tie action of..the polar!graph. Weinlg. Z.Physiol. Ch< the advantages cf use cf nt of the bone ash, and Isolation nyA^dentl^a^ion of Minerals :n Luna Residues and Air-Bora* Dusts from Coal Mlnes^. G. Keselsctiiidt and . King. Bloch. X., 3^, 132-138 (1941). The and irsemoloavtaiol nofocfamrbionnerfarol mresthideuseesrefrsoimdueItsagasndbfyrodm^aaeigr-|iboonrnweithduhsytsdrobgyenhepaetirnogxide: to 380G are described.: Th* minerals in the residues^d^ben identified by x-rsy diffraction nethods. Data are presented for the '^Snatltuaat* present m a lung roeidue and a nine dust; :tho main component#* are quam^and a ember c: each of the nice and kaolin groups. 483 A New Method for the Determination of Free Silica In Industrial Dusts, a. mnA~L- X.Iwd.Svg. k. Tor.. 23. 139-14B (April, 1943). :The authors describe a new method for free silica deteainatlon, in which the dust tempi# la first passed directly through a controlled floe* fusing practi cally all particles excopt those of silica* The fused sample is then collected by an electrostatic precipitator and moved to a microscope slide for analyais* The method can be applied .to air-borne or reft#? .dust sample*. The saount of free silica la determined by.:* diroet:count of th*:fused and unfused particles. Possible iaterferiagmateriale are refractoriee and thoee which decrepitate at high tomperaturea. These interferences are not vary cosaoa and when present may Industrial Qrgle&e Digest - 26 be identified by their optical characteristic*. The determination can be carried out on each microscopic field so that possible particle size variation in trans ferring flalda is eliminated. the aethod can also be used with the standard petrographic technique, reducing the number of particles to be identified If soveral refractory aaterials are present with fusible material. -- Author's summary. . 484 A Portable a.ectrostatlc Precipitator. W.L. Lea. X.Ind.fyg. k Tox. 156 (April, 1943). . " A posable precipitator is desc^^. liPwhich the sampling head and blower aa227t# ^ s#if*coaH3^i supply. This construction arrange utBO^freedoa^^neaest during sampling, so that the ope: foilo^taskmext j^^pbta^^hfi^Les accurately representing their inhalftfbh^he procipl^^r mayi^a/mal^M.th little effort since all parts withjSXMSreeption of the jqgpjgangJmM the high voltage condenser are ataadspdp@vs. The con struction typical data obtained are pres< ' 489 Dotcrai: .ipl titrate Ssters: A Colo ethod. S. Yagoda. lad.. tmX Z% a^Biaxy,, .1943)7 trie met for' ieteznlnatlon nitrate esters is ios- craa<r9 based on t the e sulfuric acid and the ni- trstioa of a~xyleaorfby)^phe acidatfbfcfeiAd. The method has been applied to nitroglycerine e: A peataerythrltol totranitrate over a range of 3.0 to 0..00 enol is readily volatilized by a steam- distillation which permit tion of the method to complex systems. The reaction proceeds in stoi prpfcprtiona, so that the quantity of ester present can be evaluat nitrate standard* -- Author1 a sugary. 486 Diatfryiaminoetfa; [eager gtactloa and Colorimetric Detoirnaa- tion of Small ` f TrinitrototBrnno " ?.H. Goldman and D.2. Rusting. X.lad.&rg. yge^V't5. (April, 19431^ A uethojraH^rtinatlag the..coaccnt " the air is described in is tail^T&lKjauthors' smainry follows: "$> c method has been devised tination of TNT based on the noothanol as a reagent s compound. The color produced 1 hope to publish a d soon for dinitrotoluol end for tet use of this seme rc- gent." Determination of XT. P*tittlnation ofPflhLorohydrocarbons in Air by Reaction la Mono**^**!***"*- XII. Detoiaination tre jStbyleas Dichloride and Di- (1942); ChS. Abets., 27, 1950-1951 (April 20, 1943). These papers constitute the continuation of a series on(Meterttination of fumigants (many of which are also industrial contsmlnsnts^^The methods are long, and the-original or ths Chmeal Abstracts reference should be consulted for details. . ..." 488 A Modification of the 3111ca Gel Method for the Detepfaetlon of Atmospheric Qygwnie Spirent Vancra. L.7. Cralley and ethers. T.Ind.Hyg. k Toy., 25, 172 . 174 (April, 1943). - ...... _ Silica gel has been used la the. determination of benzene and other organic sub stance! in air, but the aethod has boon used onlygraviactrlcelly* ?ho authors describe a modified method in which the. organic vapor it adsorbod by silica gel and than removed from the gal by a second solvent which will not cause subsequent interference. The snount of the substance sought is than detezmined by any Industrial Qrglene Plgest - 27 accepted method of quantitative chicol analysis. The authors applied it to the determination of earboa tetrachloride, which the/ removed frco the gel by ethyl alcohol and decomposed by alcoholic potassium hydroxide* The chloride formed was then determined volTjaetrically, Additional studies are la progress ' to ascertain the applicability of the method to the estimation of other oreanie solvent vapors* * Mines Inf. Cire., ao. 7237, (Mhra943). irrtces to industry in th*mrot^B|Lba of health by . Bureau of Mines Aomd system* The latest been revised andjWbtiini 10 pages of illustra- she InfozmatlbQBtxMcn, Bureau of Mines, Aa.J.of Pub* ecmittee, should be appointed to larger plants the safety director or tr plants sot possessing the serbest fitted for the job of uthority to incur expense for fix* the supervisor are:--to consult low, plant traffic, and stor* regulations concerning to beep equipment in seed regular cleaning of the ersonal inspection cf Bow to Deaign gwbauat Baodt* J.M* DallaValle. (March, 130 This Is the first la a series of articles which iMd^appoar In HEATI1 AH2 vr*..- IA2T2 during 1943* They are reprinted from a privately printed monograph *--;a was reviewed by the abstractor in this Digest, Movemhick) 1939 under the title "Principles of Xxhaust 3ood Design." - 492 Ventilation and Statins of Merit*TM* ^'-wwj^sion Shins. Jifc^hxJcert. Boat. - vent*. 40* 32*37 (Jebruary. 1943). ^ This is an excellent* and thorough article describing the vontilation and heat.og of merchant ships* All phases of the problem are disoussed* The number of u: changes for various ship sections is given and methods of sir distribution are shown* The article Is well illustrated tdth photographs of actual installations. Special conditions required for dry cargo holds are described* 493 Ultraviolet Radiation and Ozone as Aerial Disinfectants* W.M. Coblentz. Arci* Pbys* Therapy. 2^. 709-711 fDecacher. 1942) * ... After a concise review of the literature, the author conclude# that "the use ;f .ultraviolet radiation and ozone as dislnfectsnts*ls not justified aadthat if sc* used Intelligently these two germicides may cause serious injury to the occupants of places undergoing disinfection*" Industrial 2$rgians Digest - 28 494 T;crshiB_?ataatlng, Stating aad_Alg Conditioning. T.H. Prdahl aad W.c. Whittle sey. Heat., Pip., k Air Coad., 1, 105-U0, (Ptbruary, 1943). Programs la warship construction can only be made by providing sort pimch par pound, and s naval engineer should strive to develop lighter, stapler, and more foolproof methods to accomplish this end. Conventional practices should be con tinually analyzed from the functional standpoint and revised wherever conaensur- ato savings in weight or space art possible, or where dependability can be im proved. Tcatilating engineers are urged to oooperatt in giving technical service regarding Natal construction* ' 495 Etlve Methods for the Prev a of Industrial Dermatoses. N.Y^tate 7^$dled. 28 (August 15, 1942J. 3sphsadiag ti^kore. 'lost froa work because of occupations. osos then feogjtcae of Occupational disease. Dr. Schwartz ou: _totoctlvo methods * dent rea .on* These include pre-employment the use of protective doth! oos, affl ictive oiat- moats, andi .iness* Different typos o clothing and tho dt^^fJWitfSMsre'' .y discussed, end out that sot only thiS^id^&sA^ the its, and even the should be cleaned dally, Lremeats f 'irritating 'sere are listed* The arti* rhcludes wit .of protec eats, listing six general isos, and the oaci 496 ailwtion of See atnant Plants* Pacific Tlush-Taak Co*, Water Worts and Sewage, 63-467 (1941). The collection and utlil gas are attended by the risk of explo- sion and the danger to^pS^K^^arl' m the poisonous properties of the gas* Operators the ,uate design of control rooms, which should bo at grojpfwnf, freS&faceea and ventilated by forced draught, Detailed deslgfi&arv^ptven# Water-seals mains are unreliable and should not bo usedAl^^^alue of flame trsptf is izod and suitable designs arc illustrt^e^i^6ources of ignition must^ie as for as possible, e.g., by explosion-proof dactri non-sparking tools. Gas ncreasos explosion risks, and os which nay warrant snor the most suitable types of gasho' ted* It Is essential to &taia a positive gas pressure throughout 1 times, and means ror minimizing pressure losses are described^)) 497 Effect of a Vacuum on Destruction of Sector!a _ cldes* A.X. Salle and ?rSeM. Sorzenovakr. Proc. Soc. Sro. Biol, fe lled.. SfrTlfl-16 tlUv. 1942). Cultures of sight speoles of baetdria wero dried oi * slides or on cotton, placed la plugged tubes, and exposed to foxmalde aerated in a closed chamber by the addition of comerclal formalin too potmeme pexmanganats. When the air in the chamber was at atmospheric pressure the bjects were in no case disinfected in 1 hour, end five of the eight specie bacteria summed for 2 hours* When the chamber was evacuated to 29 in* of mercury before gener ating the seme soount of gas (which raised the pressure in the chamber to 28 in. only two bacteria survived for 5 minutes and none for 29* It is considered that tho only action of an initial vacuus is to cause penetration* A vacuum has no effect on the notion of liquid germicides* t 498 The jhmloTBsnt of Disinfectants in Pro-plat sM H* Sliewe. Zsnt.f. Bakt.I.Abt. Orig."^ 388-395 (March 26, 1942). . The author has embarked on a lisinfaction study cad the elementary conclusions which he roachoe are already fwiliar in this country* He spreysd a saline sus- ponsion of Chr* prodigiosm into a vessel of 25 liters capacity or into a small Industrial Qrgiene Digest - 29 closed room, end enimerated colonies in agar plates exposed at Interval3 after introducing a disinfectant by scans of three different sprays, giving particles of different sizes. Expensent3 were done to show that the effects observed were due neither to disinfection on the surface of the culture nor to the sere carrying down of baeteria-ladcn particles from the atmosphere. He concludes that a disinfectant say be far sore effective in air than in water, that rela tive efficacy in the two media varies from one disinfectant to another, that fine droplets are more efficient than cocgee, and that seasurea which will disinfect t&a air of a room will not nocessasSr^disinfect objects in* it, particularly fabrics or other Irregular surfrfSk*2>&e believes also that the chmalcal i: in of airAs a practical normillty, applicable with advantage to for infectious cases. Whereas lysol ^_ out that something less toxic is nec ^ praying inhabited rooms, one trial of ^ Lrent- of chlckenpax smeng children, he uAseCs?* forcin prepnr- 499 The Probl Labor and National Service. Leaflet P.L. 106 London (1942). Continuous and effective given to the problem of absenteeism in war factories. Dij 1 provisions of the Essential ?/crk Orders in the^gM^gf abi persistent lateness are pointed cut. Two dasut oC^sbsences are se due to "facts" and these feelings." In ass, causes of absences are 0 shopping diffi qulrcmeats, fatigue due to long Journeys. An class is found in the ors in a pezmanently black who feel depressed owing sunlight and the apparent tllation, due to the ab air aovdsnt* Lade of lnterost a lade of conviction its urgency is a cause of absence which ^M^Uctib^^osssittees should be able to help. An attack on psychological causos cl absent ' is the greatest sin- gle contribution that can ba made to a solutionLStf ho^pfroblem. A redistribu- tion of work, or of the .labor force, should be red so that those who_ need special working hours would not disturb the ^Of others. Appendix - gives a form for the Icoeplng of absenteeism records' /snd) Appendix IX gives sugges- tions for "follow-up" action cn these records* 500 A Study of the Effect of flxed-Pacs Work Doom Health, (r^^fumer. Cannd. rub. Health!., 34. 68-73 (February, 1940] ~ The paper suBsarizes the first unbiased and systaatle study'of the chronic effects of fixed-pace work of the conveyor-belt type upon huaan efficiency .usd health. The investigation was based upon a study of production and illness recorda of 1033 employees in three plants. The investigation disclosed that fixed-pace work is detrimental to health and contributes to wrk dissatisfaction and strained relationships between employer and worker* The investigator sug gests: (l) more careful choice of suitable employees for fixed-pece work; [2, regular rest periods in order to decrease fatigue, breek monotony and inspect machinery, and (3) variation of oachlne speeds in accordance with hisnaa fatigue curves*. Industrial Hygiene Digest - 30 < *# ). TM901 Ths Problem of ytmetinwi Djaeass aa Seen la Industry. D.E. Bell* Cased. Assoc* 1 106*110 (February, 1943 The popsr Indicates the Importance of paychoaeurosis as a problma to be faced in industrial medicine. Ths author belieres that ths factor of compensation is more important than that of trauma in neurotic cases* Many physicians treat tho injury without considaration of tha functional disability that ensues. Laymen, bower, are in conplste readiness to accept functional disability wittout ques tion# The solution of the problemlies in the education of both the laity and the pedicel profession in the states of functional disability, tn- their existence, fsctox^Zavorable to their development and means factors**^ ^ ^ 902 -~:ry. Their function and Scope. W.N. .20 (July-August, 1942). (British)* .ons are considered, often of young pS^&u^eataring ' Suggestions ore given coaceinigrdUfe appointments rooifcs^tbe desirability of the use & ti^s^fl methods by doctors Lon and eounsel to the and his employer. 90S Medicine* J*J. Bloomfield, wr Zng* J. of Med 1941). The private physician problM* of Industrial hygiene, as only one third of medical service at ths plant proper, although industrial rapidly, A cut of only in the nearly 400, to industry through disability would be a worthwhile, cal organisations could form :cm- aittees on indus private practitioners should cooperate* these''coasitte include: (1) training zt ?hysi- clans to rejomfcw^Eid report, limedlajel .pationsl diseases; (2) ?re-amoio7- sent and ytiMSiigrphyslcai examinet-g&nift (3 obtaining of detailed cc:u?a- tionaj^atf^aical histories* tion of Case finding in Indus Calif. k West.Uei. Supp., tVj 91 (July, 1942) * Alameda County Association did fluoros ^ adult persons employed in industryr and made 'further 7$ persons (1*4) tuberculosis or other iiseaseejmsre nations of 5, dll es in 120 persons. In d;. active p. ulmonary tuborculosis was present in 27 persons* Tbs toth&^st of the examinations was $2,368*18 or 42 cents per person. Tho cost of disordering each of the fi par sons needing medical attention was *31.16; ths cost^Ofbinding each case :? active tuberculosis was $87*71. <^) 909 Tuberculous Problems in Industry. W.P. Sheppard. Calif^Q(est. Med,, T.ierc. Supp., 57, iSlJuly, 1942). ^ Tuberculosis has increased in tho nations which ore at war* Contributing hzzzts are: food shortage, overcrowding, inadequate medical sad hsslth facilities, increased work* Ways In which industry can help in ths control of tubrcui:si3 ore: fixing the length of the working hours; refusing to hire inexperienced help comprising, people of an age particularly susceptible to tuberculosis; in creasing health safeguards `And providing for locating early oases* Necessary health safeguards for industry art: pre-employmottt end periodic health examin ations; compliance with the highest standards for ventilation* lighting and san itation; dispensary and first eld rooms; hsslth education; responsibility cf^ foremen; personal and domestic hygiene; plant cafeterias; rest periods; rotation on night shifts; prevention of slllco-tuberculosis* Industrial Qrglent Digest - 31 506 Sqm Reflections on tbs Tuberculous la Industry. B. Mann. Tubercle, 23. 72-75 (March, 1942) Attention Is called to what tbs author considers on inconsistency la a schmie suggested la a circular recently issued by the Ministry of labor aad National Service* The nployaoat of sputum negative aad quiescont casas is proposed, wbila "tha rast bulk of usafully employable tubareulous subjects - tho 'aiddla caso* with a positive sputum - is entirely omittad from consideration". Al though there is a strong prejudice smug both employers aad Mployees against admitting tuberculous parsons into4ustry, thsra is nothing la tbs gristing method of labor recruitment to gtihdighinst tha entry of unrecognized spu Ira casas^ They may h^ra bM^passed by the factory surgeon, or thfy ' strU Navy worker^ part-ti married were `` ` at all* A contrast is pointed out bejw id dissemination of tbs tubercle becii\jji^he malty la allowing increasing aMber^^&uMctire workshops of Britain* The author SMgos^STpl&n of the tuberculous, similar to that jm&dy|j^tbi case of would imply a low standard of lOTt^grunless earnings dependant oa^^odlbrreassessteat of work- >ps or ito: fern. facility ^ op^borculosis aboi _ infective cases la spaadequate PSKSdte^i* to canteen, hostel and ^ t that previous history cases cf persons entering Indus try, such information'' trie subjects' interests* Haas radio, graphy liquid help to v and non-infactive cases, so as to Halt the dlssmnlaatloa' industry* 507 Industrial Health aad New Sag* J.of Med., 227. 209-216 (August 6, 1942]"* Tho author strespe^\t^ Tact thgt aoa-o lonil diseases account for tha najority of wGriSeyjost to industry* net tho function of industrial medicine asd^d^Kthe major hsaltl^ljmhs on industrial health program: (1) which involves rout ^ nspeetfom^of working conditions and a safstanp^rvi; (2) health education; ` re-Pshdhment and subsequent physical ns; (4) medical and surgical cations of the industrial an are: thorough nodical experts ig of industrial rela- knowledge of job analysis aad many A brief discussion of tha problems of fatigue and malnutritioa'^ijdfcg. wotk^fc. is given* A series of -graphs, based on the data on employes* of tmig^arg^tpapaai ts, are concerned with the effect of the sex and age of the workefcggd the duration of tho illness on diagnosis* Othsrs show the relation of porlo*j& absence to the several days of the week. Tbs feet that absences begin an&j9iaost often on Monday seems to indicate a psychological problam* . 506 Health Services in Industry. Industrial Welfare 3oe* (SSj&ography) London: 14, Hobart Place, S.W.l. 60 pp* (1942). The article stresses the need for health service in industry sad deplores the fact that there wore in Xuae, 1942 only ISO full time end 590 pert time doctors employed in mnition factories* Benefits of health service ere listed. Require ments for starting s works* health sorvlea are explained: a whole time doctor is needed where more than 1000 are aaployod; a woman doctor should be engaged where women are employed* Small plants, with loss than 290 workers should com bine to engago a doctor to serve several or should sploy part time doctors to attend at regular, hours* The suggested organization is slmllir to that reccmmended in the Halted States aad actually sat up la many establishments. The publication la recoasaded as being reliable aad up-to-date -- la fact it is a valuable compand!;* of Information such as any one undertaking or engaged upon health work la industry wants* Industrial Bjygisns Digest - 32 509 SuccssrfuLSrsical and. Medicinal Treatoent of Smvere Carbon Monoxide . tis. Report on the Use of Perntin* 5.G. Scboltz and Z, luschneidT Bout. Med * Woe*., 67, 1362-1385 (Dacttbar 19, 1941). (Caiman). '* Details era given of treatment wit* pervitin, combined wit* physical therapy m a casa of aaeaphalltia, following carbon &oooxlda poisoning. T*a dosage was*in* craaaad from 5 mgs. par day to 15 ogm* and was than raducad as bodily and mental activity increased, until, after a period of five Booths the administration of Pervitin and scopolamine bronids, w*tt* had bean added later in the course of the treateeat, was discontinued wJJWab ill effects. Ths special value of Pej . tl^llas la its power to arousa<tlkp*?iont from- his naatal torpor, to restj hi^n^nfidaaca^l^ ultimateand to secure his participation ia than * 510 The reatment of Shook. By ths CoBiittee<3&*ak3c and Associate Ccosittee on Medical ReseaJwh^ftioaal Ceaad. M.A. J.t g, 196-205 f4AjJ*1943). artli .inti >on account of the great aaber^Q# tissue injuries, sored in industrial aattrefa*. rriAAiy or neurogenic loom ihock in that tho sroirepr appear more quickly and rata is ipeads upon .former. shock, successful treat* in of ttUMVa} of the condition, and in all serious wounds. >r?j one, shock should be anticipated, General principles of int st of hemorrhage, (2) Closure of TCund* of chest, (3) Pci ,, (4) Belief of pain by morphine, (5) Prevention of further naervation of body heat, (7) Early res- toration and maintenance, (6) Control of dehydration by edaiais- tration of isotonic s ^traveaously, (9) Promotion of comfort and confidence, (lQ^qkttojfetloi _ unit. Bum sboek is briefly discussed. Lgjp contii fqs.x48^t^ and tusatocrit readings should be token eo Sena transfusion " only adequate treatment. In the c ossion syndrome r^Sdrfai: uontly coaplicatea shock, Parly tlon of alkali Bay Here the syndrome. Ancstl il failure, and pressure band, m shock should be by or ether, never spinel, lamented by three Lees: The administration of dried aids to intravenous inlstratioa of fluids; and reactions ca us Infusions, a bibliography is obtainable on request* Syphilis in Industry. S.A. Halson. Am*J.Syph. * Yea.Dis., 27, 73.77 (January, 1943). . The author ocmpl sins againet ths prejudiced and alsj public in regard to syphilis, especially the significance of the blood tel false belief that the dleeeee iif oosmuaicable at all times when a positive test is found, U prevalent, and its results are soen in industry as la' fields. A posi- tive blood tost frequently excludes able man from pioymaa*. Zt has been shew that a syphilitic worker is fully as efficient as his non-syphilitic brother, provided he does act have cardiovascular or nsunxls lavolvent. The deeisicn is thus loft la ths hands of sa intelligent physician. The author urges that public Ignorance be attacked first through industry, by allowing the physlciaa instead of ths uninformed laymen to determine the medical policy* 512 Relationship of Disease and Weather. S. KrelnuSh Seat. * Teat* 40, 61-66 LPebruery, 1943). 4. This articls describes ths air conditioned rocs recently installed at northwes tern University Medical School, Cttoag), Illinois. The technical details of tho Installation ere illustrated and discussed. Industrial Qrglene Digest - 33 513 Which Job,- for Tatmy Workers? U.S. Dept, of Labor, Children's Bureau. s pamph lets, 4-6 pp. each (October, 1942-yebruary, 1943} . Pamphlet No.l, "Itaployment of Young Workers la War Industries," latrodueaa tha sarlas. Tha keynote la found in tha statement prlatad on tha titla page of each pamphlet: "Tha young worker of today la tha skilled worker of tQMrrow -- Pro* toot bln from Injury." Tha separata leaflets doal with tho accident and health hazards in shipbuilding la employment involving osposure to carbon disulfide, la lead and load-using industries! and^tn aployment where chlorinated solvents art used- la conaaetloa with each tSl of employment, kinds of work la which verm* under 16 years of age s&rifikeftf should not bo employed era listed. T1 )f high school training's nSignized by sou industries wbo wish to re they can bo developed into skilled, rera or In dead and jobs. Existing 3 " n proTidoa much guidance, and legal MgftoMA, where y observed. Tho standards developedftar'tNM$:hildren> s general in their application and nfeuroft* regarded as tact young workers during thisfSriod. (Copies 514 >e on National Office, 1942* 24pp Tha report Is tha : for woman employed in factories. It 1: comprti datlons found in which have boon revl< \War Factories. Session >rt from the Select Com* >ndon: H.M. Stationary she welfare and medical arrangements Sorias end other government assisted and Mbodles features and raccmea* in the United States, several of the Industrial Zfyglene Digest. 515 Nutrition in ff fgnatli Pub. Health J., 33. 571-574 (DecamborT An oascnting^|hife in the products* tartel is tha canteen or restaur ant whsmKstwective, nutritious ' s are served. These seals od rofriahaant are inpo combatting fatigue, increas- iency end improving the health n the plant discussed a dietitian Is In charge. Tho study of tha likes of workers, and tha meals are freahly pr shift a&d served at cost During tho rest periods, milk, fresh fruit > oe made with 25$ silk are. served. Tha personnel department and the at have charge of a program of education which includes lectures lag habits, healthy break- fasts, and proper choice of food in tha canteen. ^jtee lectures are given dur- Ing tha worker's training period. LAAi tlQMl Nf If 516 The OKI that more than 97 por cant of Naval and Narine wuadtd, from Poarl Ehrbor to March 31, 1943, have recovered. Thaaa figures were contained in a report by OWI on tha care of the wouadod hy tha aadlcal departments of tha Army tad Nary. Percentage figures for tha rooovery of Aay are not available at present owing to iaconplataaaaa of records from the fighting fronts. An analysis of available data on Army wounded shows that recoveries art compar able to Naval and Marine percentages. Of all Navy and Manns personnel funded only 2.4 per cent died subsequently. Tifty-tbree par cent were returned to duty. Still under treatment as of March 31 ware 43.3 par cant. Invalided from service were 0.9 per cent. INDEX (May, 1943) Abseateeien Air 499 fumigants 467 solvent vapors Amo cl a 468 poisoning Analysis aiiphatijkai trat as lead tiS^jmarographj trinitrb*otoe Electrostatic precipitator portable Eve infections Fatleue 464 463 aininc ferrous ^ 478 .one 436 419 PjgSlCal naaiwiMA.. 306 ^ " Pneuao conicals aluminum 414.413 iron dust 420*421 porpinrry 435 Pulmonary irritants Respirators '' Bureau of Miaotffoa^ Anemia ^ Taorption k excretion 439 tozlo Arsenie ttolsoi lycols toxicity 452 Is 49 6 liver cirrhosfi Asbestos >tlth ^fixed pace work effect* trea-teent electroq^frcgogfioT AseorbJ and <9hdft hBeorptien B Aathrqels in bone meal 416 (r Beryllium toncity 418 Black dermoeraohi 461 Carbon disulfide poisoning 430 _ ^ lustrial Ld the war nature /fS\\9^479 477 490 443 303 tillca. free determination 463 Silicosis intrathoracic lyaph nodes 436 lung function 434 lung residue analysis 482 Silesian potters 433 Slejn ele*fi*flTa 459*450 Carbon monoxide Erato Oa&junci Sulfur anosmia camp stoves 462*463^64 Lead physiological effects 437 encephalitis danger U \425 Sulfur dioxide treaty poisoning in flue gases 447 0Vttk(R!2L Cagh^\sbatre%hlorido scrap rcc< toxicity of pnetaonla Syphilis 448 511 Lead tetraethyl vTetra-chloro-para*fccn2s-> in gasoline .421 cuinone 'ey 0f compounds 467 &Q) toxieity 4 74 Cyclotron workers health aspects Ntaemal eariroment 476 blood findings 473 lung effect ^ Trinitrotoluene Dermatitis . airplane industry 435 cutting oils 436 "Manganese intoxication Medical service . diet k poisoning ^C-^TuberculosU rubber asafe 438 industrial 308 Deraatosos 437 Mercury prevention 493 handwriting test 431 Disease Methanol oecular effect 449 and weather 318 chronic poisoning 433 Wall* a disease functional 301 Minors serva 4oo Disinfection droplet and mist 498 in industry Hltroeon oxides 313 Welding eye effects 471 ozone k radiation 493 poisoning 466 fataUty 469 vecum k germicide* 497 Nutrition 313 health hazard 470 Puat control exhaust beod design 491 Phosphorus akin irritation lung effects 4?2 438 Woman in industry 514