Document dQY3zVnJe0j74LxwYekLj65qR
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Wm. Papageorge - Glenn Brown Trial Testimony 10/31/91 A.M.
THE COURT: All right, Mr. Carney. You may
continue, sir.
Q. (By Mr. Carney) Mr. Pap pageorge, a couple days ago -- I'm losing track of days, but I think it's a
couple days ago -- Mr. Kotoske asked you questions about
the testing that Monsanto did, and I think you brought out
that Monsanto did some tests in the '30s called the
Drinker studies, correct?
A. I remember that, yes.
Q. 1971?
And then he mentioned the IBT studies in
A. Yes, I remember that.
Q. p
Did Monsanto do other toxicity studies, and
I'm talking about animal toxicity studies, other than
those two?
A. For PCBs?
Q. Yes. A. Oh, yes.
Q. I'd like to hand you a book, and which was supplied to Mr. Kotoske yesterday. And, Judge, you have
one on your desk.
THE COURT: Thank you.
Q-
(By Mr. Carney)
And, first of all, I'd like
p to read into the record the deposition exhibits that are
contained in this book.
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1 THE COURT: Just a minute, Tom. What 2 (inaudible)? 3 MR. CARNEY: I think it's called "Toxicity 4 Testing, 1938 to 1966." 5 THE COURT: Got it. 6 Q. (By Mr. Carney)Just for the record, 7 these -- the exhibits, defendant's exhibits in this book 8 are Defendant's Exhibit 192, 19]p 3, 196, 197, 198, 199, 9 Exhibits 200 through 209. That's nine exhibits. Exhibit
10 211, and Exhibits 216 through 220, that's four exhibits. 11 And a few days ago did I ask you, Mr. Papageorge, to 12 review the documents in that book?
13 A. Yes. 14 Q. And could you generally describe what's in 15 those documents? 16 A. These documents describe studies of PCBs with 17 test animals and reports the results of thosjo e tests. 18 Q. There are several groupings, and I'd like to 19 just go through the groupings. The first documents in
20 that book are two studies by Dr. Drinker dated September 21 15, 1938, and that's Exhibit 192 and 193? 22 A. They are.
23 Q. And Dr. Drinker was from Harvard University? 24 A. Yes, sir. 25 Q. And he did some studies, animal studies of
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PCBs at that time]p ? A Yes .
Q And were those studies published in journals?
A Yes.
Q And were copies of those studies furnished to
the United States government? A Yes.
Q And then the next group of studies are
Defendant's Exhibit 196 and 197. Are those studies by a company called Scientific Asociates?
A They are.
Q Oh, by the wayjo , the Drinker studies, did
Monsanto have anything to do with those Drinker studies? Did they authorize them to be done?
A No. The only role Monsanto played was supply samples.
Q Okay. Now, what about the Scientific
Associates studies? That's Defendant's Exhibit 196 and 197 .
A Yes. Those were authorized or sponsored by Monsanto
Q And the one Scientific Associajo tes study,
Defendant's Exhibit 196, is dated November 1953? A It is.
Q And the other study is dated February 1955?
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1 A. Yes.
2 Q. And these were animal studies done on PCBs?
3 A. Yes.
4 Q. And then go to Exhibits 198 and 199. Are
5 those studies that Monsanto sponsored and asked that
6 Dr. Treon do?
7 A. Yes.
8
Q]p .
And those studies are titled "The Toxicity of
9 a Vapor of Aroclors 1242 and 1254."
10 A. Yes.
11 Q. And both of those studies are dated different
12 dates in June of 1955?
13 A. Yes.
14 Q. And these were animal studies done on PCBs
15 1242 and 1254?
16 A. Yes.
17 Q. And do these reports by Treon mention among
18 other effects, liver effects from the animals?
19 ]p A. Yes.
20 Q. And I thinkyou've already indicated that
21 those Treon studies were sent to Westinghouse?
22 A. Yes.
23
Q.
And they were also sent to the
U.S.
24 government?
25 A. Yes.
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1 Q. Now, let's look at the next group of
2 exhibits, Exhibits 200 through 209, 211 and Exhibits 216
3 through 220. Are these all animal studies that Monsanto
p4
had done
by the Younger Laboratories?
5 A,. They are.
6 Q.. And I'd like you to just give -- or maybe I 7 can just give the dates and you can follow along.. I'll
8 just go through each report and give the dates. These
9 were all animal studies, weren't they?
10 A,. They were.
11 Q.. Using PCBs? 12 A,. Yes.
13 Q.. And the first one is dated February 22, 195 14 A,. Yes.
15 Q. The next one is October 22, 1958?
16 A,. Exhibit 201, sir?
17 Q.. Well, let me check. I may have the wrong 18 document,. Okay. Yeah. Exhibit 201, is that --
19 A,. It's October 20th.
20 Q.. October 20th. I'm sorry. 21 A,. Yes.
22 Q.. And then Exhibit 202 is December 8, 1958?
23 A,. Yes. I see the date, yes.
24 Q.. And then Exhibit 203 is June 6, 1962? 25 A,. Yes.
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Q. And here, just for example, they are not all
rat studies, are they?
A. No, different animals. Rats, rabbits.
Q. There is a skin absorption on rabbits
included in Exhibit 203, for example?
A. Yes.
Q. And then Exhibit 204 is dated June 13, 1962?
A. It is.
Q. And they were fed PCBs -- PCBs were fedjo to
rats?
A. Yes.
Q. And some of the studies on that exhibit were
skin absorpt ion studies on rabbits?
A. Yes.
Q. And then Exhibit 205 is dated June 19, 1962?
A. It is.
Q. Exhibit 206 is dated June 25, 1962?
A. Yes.
Q. And Exhibit 207 is dated June 25, 1962?
A. Yes.
Q.
A.
Q.
208, the same date? Yes.
209 is July 9, 1962?
A. Yes.
Q. Exhibit 211 is dated March 4, 1963?
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A. It is.
Q. And this study I noticed just has feeding of
rat (inaudible) feeding rats?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. Then it has skin absorption for rabbits?
A. Yes.
Q. Skin irritation with rabbits?
p A.
Yes.
Q. Eye irritation with rabbits?
A. Yes.
Q. And vapor inhilation with rabbits?
A. Yes.
Q. And then what about 216? Is that dated
December 19, 1963?
A. It is.
Q. Then Exhibit 217 is dated June 12th --
January 12, 1966?
A. It is.
Q. Exhibit 218 is the Younger Laboratory test
report datedjp October 17, 1966?
A. Yes.
Q. And some of these studies I noticed they
tested both sexes of the various types of animals?
A. Yes.
Q. Exhibit 219 is dated November 9, 1966?
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1 A. It is. 2 Q. And so is theExhibit 220? 3 A. Yes. 4 MR. CARNEY: Your Honor, I'd like to offer 5 into evidence these test reports that Mons]p anto had done or 6 were done. 7 MR. KOTOSKE: I have no problem if the 8 witness can identify for me the PCBs that were tested in 9 Exhibit 200, 201 and 202.
10 THE COURT: All right. You want to cover 11 that, Mr. Carney? 12 Q. (By Mr. Carney)Yeah. I think -- Why don't
13 we take 201. Let me ask you this, just so we can cover 14 these generally. Were these animal tests done on various 15 ty]p pes of PCBs? 16 A. They were. 17 Q. And 201, I believe is -- Can you - 18 THE COURT: Let me ask you a question -19 Q. (By Mr. Carney) Let me ask you this -
20 THE COURT: Were you moving for 192 through 21 202 or just the one you're referring to of the Younger 22 Labs? In other words, are you moving -
23 MR. CARNEY: I'm moving -- I think the 24 Drinker studies may ha]p ve already been in. 25 MR. KOTOSKE: That is right. Exhibit 11, I
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1 have no objection to that.
2 THE COURT: So it's the late ones that we
3 need to look through.
4 MR. CARNEY: All the other exhibits I
5 mentioned I'm offering that are in this book that I've
6 read into the record. And I believe, Judge, since
7 Dr. Kelly's deposition is going to be played, he
p8
identifies
all these studies as PCB studies. And he was
9 the one that actually asked for the studies to be done.
10 So I think he covers this point. Maybe we can wait until
11 then.
12 THE COURT: I'll withhold my ruling, if
13 that's the way you two want to do it.
14 MR. CARNEY: That's fine. He identifies them
15 very clearly. He's more familiar with the tests since he
16 was the one that led the (inaudible).
p17 THE COURT: Counsel, give me those numbers
18 again that you mentioned.
19 MR. KOTOSKE: Again, Your Honor, there is no
20 product described in 200, 201 and 202. To speed things
21 along, all the rest of these exhibits can go in evidence,
22 but I want you to reserve your ruling on those three until
23 we find out if it was a PCB product, and if it was, which
24 one .
25 THE COURT: For the record, 192, 193, 196,
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10 11 12
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197, 198, 199, skipping to 203 through 209, 211, 216 and 220 are admitted into evidence. No ruling on 200, 201 and 202 until they are connected up.
MR. CARNEY: I'll have that done (inaudible) with Dr. Kelly.
Q. (By Mr. Carney) You can put that book aside now, Mr. Papageorge. I want to -- You were also examined by Mr. Kotoske about a document in Plaintiff's Exhibit 11 at page^) s 80 through 82, and in particular, this is a - page 81 is where the focus of the question was. And do we have copies for Mr. Papageorge? I'll give you a copy so you can take a look at that exhibit.
THE COURT: Have we left this volume now? MR. CARNEY: Yes. We're finished with that volume. Q. (By Mr. Carney) Do you remember the questions about that bottom paragraph? What I'd like to do just for the record, for the jury, Mr. Kotoske read a couple of sentences out of this paragraph, and I'd like to read what he didn't have you read. THE COURT: Where is this from? MR. CARNEY: This is page 81 of Plaintiff's Exhibit 11. THE COURT: Okay. MR. KOTOSKE: This is the letter by
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1 Dr. Wheeler.
p2
THE COURT: Thank
you.
3 MR. KOTOSKE: It's dated March 3, 1969.
4 MR. CARNEY: That's correct.
5 MR. KOTOSKE: That I recall.
6 MR. CARNEY: Your recollection is accurate.
7 Q. (By Mr. Carney) Mr. Kotoske read this
8 sentence -- or I don't know if he read it or had you read
9 it. I can't remember -- "The Swedish and American
10 scientists also imply that polychlorinated biphenyls are
11 ']p highly toxic' chemicals. This is simply not true." Now,
12 that was read, but what wasn't read was the next sentence,
13 the next couple. "The toxicity of any material, whether
14 it be chemicals, drugs, natural plants or even foods, is
15 relative. Compared to the thousands of industrial
16 chemicals and home products, PCBs are not toxic unless
17 they are mishandled or misused." That was not read, was
18 it?
19
20 p
A. That is true.
Q. And then Mr. Kotoske did read the next -
21 part of the next sentence. "During more than thirty years
22 of U.S. production and use, cases of any toxic effect have
23 been extremely rare." He read that, but didn't read the
24 rest, "And then only where the simple precautions
25 recommended for use were not followed." Did I read now
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1 the entire paragraph?
2 A. You did.
3 Q. Now, I'd l]p ike to look at the group Exhibit -
4 and I think this is where we kind of broke off yesterday.
5 This is group exhibit, letters to the government, the
6 scientists.
7 MR. CARNEY: Your Honor, I think you have a
8 copy.
9 MR. KOTOSKE: Does this start with Exhibit
10 16?
11 MR. CARNEY: It starts with Exhibit 16, and I
12 think I read the exhibits into the record.
p13
THE COURT:
You did.
14 MR. CARNEY: I'm pretty sure I did. So I
15 won't have to read those again because there are a lot of
16 them.
17 THE COURT: I think it's 16 through 115.
18 MR. CARNEY: Yeah, not all the exhibits, but
19 they do run 16 through 115.
20 Q. (By Mr. Carney) And I think you've already
21 indicated you have reviewed those letters. Are these
22 representative examples of letters that y]p ou or someone
23 else at Monsanto sent providing information and PCB
24 samples to the United States government and to researchers
25 at universities who were studying the PCB environmental
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1 issue? 2 A. They are. 3 Q. And these letters are organized by page? I 4 think the first letter is February 15, 1968? 5 A. It is. 6 Q. And it runs through April 13, 1977? 7 A. Yes. 8 Q. And is this stack of letters that's in this 9 book, are these the only letters that Monsanto sent where
10 they sent samples to people who were investigating PCBs? 11 A. No. This is just -- this represents some of 12 the group of letters that were sent.
13 Q. And are these, in addition to sending samples 14 of PCBs to researchers and universities and the U.S. 15 government, did these letters also incl]p ude information 16 about how -- what Monsanto's procedures were for the 17 proper identification of PCBs in the environment? 18 A. Some of them do, yes. 19 Q. Did they also indicate in these letters to
20 the universities and to the government agencies that 21 Monsanto would be happy to answer any further questions? 22 A. Yes, they do.
23 MR. CARNEY: Your Honor, I'd like to offer 24 these exhibits ini) evidence. 25 THE COURT: Which ones?
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MR. CARNEY: The ones that are in this book that I've read.
THE COURT: Just the ones you've read? MR. CARNEY: No, the ones -- the exhibits numbers that I read into the record at the end of yesterday. THE COURT: 16, 18, 52 and 101. MR. CARNEY: No, the entire group of them.
p MR. KOTOSKE: My specific objection is some
of these exhibits have notations in handwriting on them. I think we can -- and I'll identify them for you. I'll have no objection if those notations are blacked out.
THE COURT: All right. MR. KOTOSKE: And those exhibits are 66, 73, 76, 78 and 79, 82, 83, 85, 90, 96, 99. Now, I ask you to reserve your ruling on 101. When you read that exhibit
p you will immediately know why.
THE COURT: Are we talking about the same one? It's the one page, October 8, 1975.
MR. KOTOSKE: It is. THE COURT: Do you want to go over? MR. KOTOSKE: I think we should. This will just take a minute THE COURT: Sure. MR. KOTOSKE: We don't need the reporter.
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1 (A ben]p ch conference was held.)
2 MR. KOTOSKE: So, Your Honor, in summary
3 (inaudible).
4 THE COURT: State, Mr. Carney, what
5 (inaudible).
6 MR. CARNEY: Yeah, I'm withdrawing Exhibit
7 101.
8 THE COURT: So continue, Mr. Kotoske, please.
9 MR. KOTOSKE: That's it. So if we withdraw
10 the Exhibit 101 from this group and erase all those
p11
notations -- They can't be
erased, just black them out,
12 they can go in.
13 THE COURT: The ones you named, the ones with
14 the notations which you would like obliteratd, which I
15 think is understandable.
16 MR. KOTOSKE: Precisely.
17 THE COURT: Except for that, I will admit
18 Exhibit 16 through 115 which were referred to. And why
19 don't I go through them to make sure. That includes
20 Defendant's Exhibit --
p21 MR. CARNEY: Well, okay. Judge, I just
22 looked at some of the notations, and I think they just
23 identify which type of PCB it is. I don't see a problem
24 with it, but for now let's just leave them out, and then
25 we can -- I think they ought to be in (inaudible).
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THE COURT: So far they are out. And then I'll listen to you. So it's Defendant's 16, 18, 52, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65 through 69, 72 thrjo ough 80, 82 through 90, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, delete 101, then continuing with 102, 103, 104, 105, 114 and 115 are admitted into evidence except for the deletions which we've talked about in the exhibits noted by Mr. Kotoske. Proceed.
Q. (By Mr. Carney) I'm going to try to get some dates in sequence, Mr. Papageorge. And first is the date when the U.S. government task force told Monsanto that they should continujo e to make PCBs for capacitors because it was necessary because of the risks of fires and explosions. What date was that?
A. That's May 1972.
Q. Okay. If I can find a piece of chalk that
works. Okay. Now, at some point in time did you make a recommendation to management that Monsanto should announce to the government and to the customers that Monsanto (inaudible) stop making PCBs altogether?
p A. I did, yes.
Q. And what was that date?
A. September 1975.
Q. And then Monsanto agreed with your
recommendation and made an announcement to the government that they were going to stop making PCBs as soon as a
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1 substitute was found. What was that date?
2 A. That was in January 1976.
3 Q. And then in October 1976 the TSCA law was
4 passed; is t]p hat correct?
5 A. That is correct, yes.
6 Q. And the effective date of that law was
7 January 1977?
8 A. Yes.
9 Q. And was it January of 1978 that there was a
10 ban on the manufacture of PCBs for all open uses?
11 A. 1978, yes, one year later.
12
Q. One year after the effective
date?
13 A. Yes.
14 Q. I want to stop you there. So the ban on all
15 ]o open uses of PCBs was on January 1978?
16 A. Yes, sir.
17 Q. Now, Monsanto -- when did Monsanto stop
18 manufacturing for open uses?
19 A. August 30, 1970.
20 Q. So it was up here about almost seven years
21 before?
22 A. Yes.
23 Q. And then finally when was the ban on the
24 manufacture of PCBs for closed uses?
25 A. 1979. Another year went by.
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Q. And this law that was passed in 1976 with an effective date of January '77 banned the manufacture of PCBs for open uses in 1978?
A. Yes. Q. And banned manufacture of PCBs in 1979? A. Yes
MR. CARNEY: Can we get a stipulation on that, Mr. Kotoske?
MR. KOTOSKE: Yes, we can stipulate that the EPA pursuant to -- Excuse me for not standing g -- pursuant to the Toxic Substance Control Act enacted regulations banning the use, manufacture of PCBs generally as counsel has stated, so the jury knows and everybody knows.
THE COURT: I think we have agreed we may put it in an instruction.
MR. KOTOSKE: In a jury instruction. MR. CARNEY: That would be fine, Judge, so we eliminate all this confusion. Q. (By Mr. C]p arney) So, Mr. Papageorge, prior to the law being enacted in October of 1976, this is when the law was enacted, Monsanto announced -- you had already recommended that Monsanto get out of the PCB business altogether? A. I did Q. And Monsanto had announced to the government
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1 that it was getting out of the PCB business just as soon 2 as a substitute would be found? 3 A. Y]p es. 4 Q. And Monsanto, when did it actually stop the 5 manufacture of PCBs? 6 A. In July of 1977. 7 Q. For closed uses? 8 MR. KOTOSKE: Well -- 9 A. That was all that was remaining then, yes.
10 Q. (By Mr. Carney) So that's right in here. 11 That would be a year and a half before the government ban 12 went into effect; is that correct?
13 A. That is correct.]p 14 MR. CARNEY: Judge, here's the statute, a 15 copy of. 16 Q. (By Mr. Carney)Now, I believe two of the 17 plaintiffs, Mr. Papageorge, testified that they saw 18 Monsanto labels on some drums, but they didn't read the 19 labels. Do you think by putting more information on the
20 labels that the -- it would help people read the labels?
21 MR. KOTOSKE: Well, that calls for
22 speculation, but I would like]p to have the answer as a
23 (inaudible) summary. 24 THE COURT: I'll sustain it as to the form of 25 the question. Mr. Carney?
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MR. CARNEY: Sir, I -- THE COURT: Rephrase it. I sustained the objection as to form. Calling for what (inaudible). MR. CARNEY: I thought he wanted to hear the answer. MR. KOTOSKE: No. (Inaudible) objection.
THE COURT: It's noted. Q. (By Mr. Carney) You think putting more information on a label than Monsanto put on the labels would encourage people to read the label? A. Not necessarily. It's been my experience in 40 years in the chemical industry that -
MR. KOTOSKE: You know, I don't mind - THE COURT: (inaudible). MR. KOTOSKE: Absolutely.
THE COURT: Sustained. You can have him (inaudible).
Q. (By Mr. Carney) What has been your experience in the chemical industry with regard to putting more and more information on the label?
A. The typical worker handling a material day after day after day, seeing the same kind of label doesn't stop to read that label. And in Monsanto we pointed out, of course, when he was first assignejo d to the job what was on the label, not only Monsanto's products, but other
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
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2 handles materials day after day tends to accept it and 3 doesn't read any further. Even though a change has been 4 made, the chances are very, very slim that he will read 5 that new piece of information. The best information in my 6 experience is one where action to prevent harm is 7 de]p scribed. Symptoms are sometimes not understood by the 8 worker, and it doesn't make the impact that the action 9 word does. 10 Q. "Avoid skin contact," that kind - 11 A. Avoiding skin contact has a lot of meaning to 12 most of us, but to talk about medical symptoms may not 13 have the same urgency about them because they are not 14 understood. 15 Q. It's important in your 40 years of experience 16 that you sup]p plement the labels with meetings, safety 17 meetings describing how to safely handle the product? 18 A. Oh, yes. The meetings are more important 19 than the label in my opinion. 20 Q. Let's look at some of the labels, and we've 21 got a book -- For the record, I've supplied these 22 documents to Mr. Kotoske after court yesterday. Did I ask 23 you, again, a few days ago to review the exhibits in this 24 booklet so that we could s]p ave some time and not have to go 25 through each one?
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1 A. Yes, you did. 2 Q. And are these -- There are 39 exhibits here. 3 Are they representative examples of warning labels that 4 were placed on Monsanto PCB products? 5 A. They are. 6 Q. And I'd like to just read into the record the 7 exhibits that are covered, Defendant's Exhibit 147 through 8 149, 153, 154, 157, 160, 17p 0 through 187. 9 MR. KOTOSKE: Wait, wait. What about 161? 10 Did I miss something here? 11 THE COURT: Just 160, right? 12 MR. CARNEY: Yeah, I do get back to those in 13 order. Let me just do them. I do include 161. But 173 14 through 187. 15 THE COURT: 170? 16 MR. CARNEY: 173. 17 THE COURT: I'm sorry. 18 Q. (By Mr. Carney) Through 187. l]p 50 through 19 152, 155, 156, 163, 164, 166 through 172, 161, 162 and 20 165. I think that's the order they appear in the 21 notebook. 22 MR. CARNEY: At this time I'd like to move 23 for the admission of these exhibits. 24 THE COURT: Any objections? 25 MR. KOTOSKE: Yes. On the following exhibits
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1 no product is even identified. And they are 155, 162,
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165, 166, 168, 171, 172
and 173, 179 and 180 and 186. On
3 the following exhibits the second page is illegible. They
4 are 181, 182, 183, 184, 185 and 187. The following
5 exhibits don't even relate to PCBs sold to Bloomington.
6 They are 156 and 161. Additionally, none of these labels
7 are dated.
8 THE COURT: Of all the ones you've mentioned?
9 MR. KOTOSKE: That's right, all the ones in
p10
this book. At least I can't find the date,
I will tell
11 you that if you look at Exhibit 63 and 64, it appears that
12 those labels may have the date of 1954 to 1958 or 1954 to
13 1953, but I can't be sure. Those are my objections to
14 this group of exhibits.
15 THE COURT: Do you want to respond to those
16 objections or do you want to lay a foundation pursuant to
17 the objections?
18 MR. CARNEY: Well, again, Your Honor, I think
19 these documents are c]p overed in part in Dr. Kelly's
20 deposition.
21 MR. KOTOSKE: Let's reserve it, then.
22 MR. CARNEY: But I would like to ask a couple
23 questions real quick with regard to dates.
24 THE COURT: I'll reserve ruling. You
25 (inaudible) lay a partial foundation here and then with
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1 Mr. Kelly. Proceed.
2 MR. CARNEY: Let me go through a couple of
3 them. I don't thin]p k there is any objection to -- I'm not
4 going to go through all of them. Some that you didn't
5 have an objection to that I haven't (inaudible).
6 THE COURT: (inaudible)
7 MR. KOTOSKE: Yes, there is. There is a
8 foundational matter, unless I can be shown how these are
9 dated. None of them are dated, and we don't know when
10 they were used and at what time.
11 THE COURT: You have a right to know. ]p Let's
12 proceed.
13 MR. CARNEY: I will (inaudible).
14 THE COURT: Sure.
15 Q. (By Mr. Carney) Take a look at Exhibit 151.
16
A.
I have
it.
17 Q. Now, is this a label that was used for
18 Aroclor 1242?
19 A. Yes.
20 Q. Is that the type of PCB that was sent to
21 Bloomington?
22 A. Yes.
23 Q. In fact, that was the vast majorijo ty of PCBs
24 sent to Bloomington?
25 A. Yes.
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015666
25
1 Q. And can you tell was this label -- Let me ask
2 you this. Was there an environmental warning put on the
3 labels after a certain date?
4 A. Yes, there were.
5 Q. Can you give me that date?
6
A. May of 19 -- Sorry. Let methink.
Yes, May
7 of 1970.
8 Q. And would the labels in this book that havejo
9 the environmental warning be labels that were used during
10 the period 1970 through 1977?
11 A. Yes.
12 Q. May of 1970 through 1977 when PCBs were -
13 you stopped manufacture?
14 A. Yes.
15 Q. The labels in this book that don't have that
16 environmental warning, were they all used prior to May
17 1970?
18 A. Yes, but some of those labels were used
19 during 1970 with an ad]p ditional label with the
20 environmental statement until new labels could be printed
21 containing the entire message.
22 Q. Before you could get the environmental label
23 printed, you had a stick-on that you would put on the
24 labels with the environmental warning?
25 A. Yes.
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015667
26
1 MR. CARNEY: Your Honor, at this point I
2 would like to move just for the admission of Exhibit 151.
3 ]p THE COURT: All right. Any further
4 obj ections?
5 MR. KOTOSKE: No date.
6 THE COURT: And what's your response to that?
7
MR. CARNEY:
Well, Your Honor, it's clearly
8 used prior to May 1970. It's the 1242 that was shipped to
9 the plant. I think in some of these instances Kelly can
10 give a more refined date. I don't think this witness can,
11 and so I'm -- but it was clearly a label usedjo during the
12 time that these plaintiffs worked at the Bloomington
13 plant.
14 MR. KOTOSKE: Let me urge my objection that
15 (inaudible) I'll save a lot of time.
16 THE COURT: Sure.
17 MR. KOTOSKE: It is very crucial in this case
18 to know the exact date of warnings with respect to when
19 these people were exposed. It is crucial.
20 THE COURT: I understand. I'll hold my
21 ru]o ling also on this one for now.
22 Q. (By Mr. Carney) Well, Your Honor, let me ask
23 this question. Mr. Papageorge, was this warning that's
24 Exhibit 151 used and placed on the drums of PCBs that were
25 sent to the Bloomington plant prior to May of 1970?
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015668
27
1 MR. KOTOSKE: Pardon me. I must object.
2 Speculation. He does not know the date of this label, and
3 he cannot tell us with any certainty.
p4 A. I think I can answer the question.
5 THE COURT: Overruled. You may answer, sir.
6 A. This wording appeared on all labels of the
7 PCB type shipped to Bloomington.
MR. KOTOSKE: I move to strike. He doesn't
9 know that.
10 MR. CARNEY: Your Honor, he does. He was in
11 the plant. He was in charge of the labeling, and he
12 described how it was put on.
13 THE ]p COURT: Overruled. Overruled.
14 MR. CARNEY: Your Honor, at this point -
15 THE COURT: Can you lay any further
16 foundation as to how he knows?
17 Q. (By Mr. Carney) How do you know that,
18 Mr. Papageorge?
19 A. I saw it with my own eyes and watched the
20 shipments leave the plant.
21 THE COURT: What is the date again? You said
22 it was used on PCBs prior to May of '71.
23
Q. (By Mr. Carney) Let me ask you this,
24 Mr. Papageorge. The Westinghouse plant opened in 1958,
25 approximately?
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015669
28
1 A. Yes, sir.
2
Q.The Westinghouse Bloomington.
Was thislabel
3 used on PCB drumsthat were sent toBloomington before -
4 between 1958 -- Let me ask you this, was the language
5 that's on this label used from 1958 when the Bloomington
6 plant was opened until May of]p 1970 when the environmental
7 warning was added?
8 A. Yes, it was.
9 (Ms. Wann replaced Ms. Carter.)
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015670
29 1 MR. KOTOSKE: Note my objection. That's pure
2 speculation. The label was not dated -- a number of these
3 labels were not dated. We don't know when they came to
4 the factory, but as a practical matter the system -- if he is telling us this label was being used prior to the
6 environmental warning which we now know is May of '70,
7 I'll allow this one exhibit in, and I'll ask you to
8 reserve on the others.
9 THE COURT: It will be so admitted. 150 is
10 admitted into evidence.
11 MR. CARNEY: Your Honor, this is a blowup of
12 Exhibit 151.
13 MR. KOTOSKE: Would you give me just a chance
14 to look at my 151 ?]p
15 MR. CARNEY: Are you prepared?
16 MR. KOTOSKE: Oh, yeah.
17 THE COURT: Proceed.
18 Q. (By Mr. Carney) Is this a blowup of
19 Defendant Trial Exhibit 151?
20 A. It is.
21 Q. It's got the same (inaudible),
22 826.12.240.04/53?
23 A. It does.
24
MR. KOTOSKE:
I'd like the jury -- they all
25 can't see it.
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015671
1p
30
MR. CARNEY: This one I think they -- did
2 everybody see it?
3 Okay. Would you just read the language under
4 the (inaudible) through the line where it starts with
5 "Avoid"?
6 A. "Avoid prolonged breathing of vapors on
7 mists. Avoid contact with eyes or prolonged contact with
8 skin. If skin contact occurs, remove by washing with soap
9 and water. Following eye contact, flush with water. If
p10 clothing becomes soaked with fluid, launder before wearing
11 again.
12 Q. (By Mr. Carney) Okay. Now, does this -
13 MR. KOTOSKE: Can the jury just have a chance
14 to absorb this exhibit, please?
15 MR. CARNEY: All right.
16 THE COURT: Has everybody seen it, looked at
17 it?
18 MR. CARNEY: They can look at it as long as
19 they need.
20 Is this -- Mr.j Papageorge, is this the
21 language that appeared on all of the labels that were put
22 on drums that were sent to the Bloomington plant between
23 the time the Bloomington plant opened and about 1958 until
24 May of 1970 when the environmental warnings were added?
25 A. It is.
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015672
31 1 MR. KOTOSKE: That's on all PCBs that went to
2 that plant up to May of '70 had that warning? 3 MR. CARNEY: We]p 11, I -- I think it's my turn 4 to ask questions. I will ask them just - 5 THE COURT: If you want something clarified, 6 that's fine. 7 MR. KOTOSKE: That's all I want to know. 8 Q. (By Mr. Carney) This was on every drum of 9 PCBs; isn't that correct? 10 A. That's right. Every drum of material that 11 left the plant that contained PCBs. 12 Q. Now, with regard to the tank cars, ]p and that's 13 how most of the PCBs were shipped, the tank cars did not 14 go into the plants? 15 A. Yeah, they -16 Q. The customers? 17 THE COURT: The railroad tank cars. 18 Q. (By Mr. Carney) The railroad tank cars and 19 any other tank cars that delivered PCBs? 20 A. The railroad tank cars stayed outside on the 21 railroad (inaudible), yes. 22 Q. And was that true of t]p he Bloomington plant 23 when you watched -- when you toured, the tracks went up to 24 the outside of the plant? 25 A. Yes, sir.
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015673
32
1 Q. And you saw where they pumped fluid in from
2 outside the plant?
3 A. Yes.
4 Q. And then it was piped in to the plant?
5 A. Yes.
6 Q. And at some point in time were there labels
7 put on tank cars?
8
A. ]p
Yes.
9 Q. Was there a decision made to put labels on
10 all tanks cars, or was it just PCB tank cars?
11 A. This was all tank cars of chemicals.
12 Q. Chemicals of Monsanto or -
13 A. Well, those that left Monsanto plants were
14 Monsanto's chemicals, yes.
15 Q. And when was that done?
16 A. Well, the program started in1972.
p17
Q.
And this was a program where Monsanto
had put
18 labels on tank cars?
19 A. Yes.
20 Q. Was it the idea to put the labels on tank
21 cars so that workers in plants would see the labels?
22 A. Well, certainly those workers that climbed up
23 on top and made the connections of pipe lines, those were
24 very few. The principal reason for that kind of labeling
25 was --
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3]
WATER PCB-SD0000015674
33 1 MR. KOTOSKE: Move to strike.
p2 THE COURT: Sustained.
3
Q. (By Mr.
Carney) Well, I'd like -- whatwas
4 the purpose of Monsanto's putting labels on tank cars?
5 A. To provide information about the material in
6 the tank cars should that tank car be involved in an
7 accident on its way to the customer's plant.
8 Q. So that would give information if there was
9 an accident of what was in the tank?
10 A. Yes.
11 Q. ]p Is that -
12 A. Yes.
13 Q. Now, just for the record, and maybe I can do
14 this. This might take -- there are certain exhibits in
15 this book that have the environmental warnings. I'd like
16 you to just read those and then I'll ask the witness to go
17 through them at this time if I made a mistake.
18 MR. KOTOSKE: You cannot read them. They're
19 not in evidence.
20 MR. CARNEY: I'm not goi]p ng to read them, just
21 read the exhibit numbers to (inaudible).
22 MR. KOTOSKE: Oh, no problem.
23 Q. (By Mr. Carney) Those are Exhibits D47
24 through 149, 153, 154, 157, 160 and 173 through 187. And
25 I -- you don't need to check that because we'll take a
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015675
34
1 little too much time. If I made a mistake on that that
2 will be pointed out (inaudible).
p3
On those exhibits, assuming those
all have
4 the environmental label on them, would those labels all
5 have been used between 19 -- after May, 1970 through 1977?
6 MR. KOTOSKE: Objection. Pure speculation.
7 THE COURT: Overruled. As long as you show
8
how he (inaudible).
What were the dates again?
9 MR. CARNEY: It would be May, 1970 through
10 1977. I think it would be summer, '77 (inaudible).
11 THE COURT: You may an]p swer.
12 A. That environmental statement was started -
13 we started using that in May of 1970 and by the time in
14 1977 there were additional statements added to that
15 environmental statement.
16
Q.
(By Mr. Carney) Who
made therecommendation
17 to put the environmental warning on PCB contaminants?
18 A. I did.
19 MR. CARNEY: Then we have some internal memos
20 where this is confirmed, Judge, a]p nd I don't think we need
21 to go into that level of detail.
22 Were there also labels that Monsanto prepared
23 for use on PCB products bearing the Westinghouse trade
24 name for PCBs, and that is Inerteen?
25 A. Yes, there were.
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015676
p5
35
Q. (By Mr. Carney) Take a look at Exhibit 157 in the 'label' book.
A. I have it.
Q. And that's a label -- that's a label word
Inerteen in big bold letters? A. It is.
Q. And it contains the standard warnings that
was on Exhibit 151? A. It does.
Q. And it indicates on there that this was May
of -MR. KOTOSKE: Judge, please. MR. CARNEY: Oh, I'm sorry. THE COURT: You can lay a foundation if you
want. MR. KOTOSKE: But he cp an't read from the
exhibit. It's not in evidence THE COURT: I agree. But as far as laying a
foundation (inaudible).
Q. (By Mr. Carney) Did -- are you familiar with
this particular label? A. Yes, I am.
Q. And this was a Monsanto label or Monsanto
prepared the label for Westinghouse, and it was used between the dates 19 -- May of 1970 and the summer of
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3
WATER PCB-SD0000015677
36
1 1977?
2 A. Yes.
3 MR. CARNEY: Your Honor, I'd like to offer
4 into evidence Defendant's Exhibit 157.
5 THE COURT: Any objections, sir?
6 MR. KOTOSKE: Look, it's not dated. None of
7 these labels are dated. If we have to rely on this man's
8 testimony (inaudible), I guess that's my objection. I -
9 Judge, I don't want to take up time on how important dates
10 are in th]p is case, but if you want to use that as an
11 example of what was after a certain date, it's up to you.
12 I think it's improper.
13 THE COURT: It will be admitted over the
14 objection, and it will speak for itself. It will stand
15 for itself based on the foundation. Proceed.
16 Q. (By Mr. Carney) And this label as well as
17 having in gold print Inerteen, it also says made for
18 Westinghouse Electric Corporation?
19 p
A. It does.
20 Q. What was this -- was this a label that
21 Monsanto prepared for Westinghouse or so that Westinghouse
22 could put on their products when they shipped it out from
23 Bloomington and other plants of Westinghouse?
24 A. No.
25 Q. Okay. Tell me how this label was used.
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015678
37 1 A. This was the label that was placed on drums
2 of material prepared for Westinghouse Co]p rporation 3 according to their specifications, and that material did 4 contain the PCBs and other ingredients. It was a mixture. 5 Q. Okay. Take a look at Exhibit 185. Can you 6 identify Exhibit 185? 7 A. This is a Monsanto label for the product 8 Aroclor 1016. This was used on the yellow drums. 9 MR. KOTOSKE: Move to strike. Judge, can you 10 read the second page of your volume? 11 TH]p E COURT: No. 12 MR. CARNEY: I can't either, but I think the 13 witness testified what it generally concerns. 14 THE COURT: As long as we -- could we get a 15 replacement copy? And I don't know what - 16 MR. KOTOSKE: I'd like to read what it says 17 is my problem. 18 MR. CARNEY: What -- your Honor, this is - 19 THE COURT: Why don't we have the witness
20 generally explainjo what the second page is --
21 Q. (By Mr. Carney) Do you know what the second 22 page is? Maybe we can clarify this. 23 A. I do. 24 Q. Okay. What is it? 25 A. The second page is a copy of the wording that
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015679
38
appeared on the yellow drum in seven languages. The message is the same except that it's in different languages.
MR. CARNEY: And as far as I'm concernp ed, I don't really care to -
THE COURT: I will say this. Some of the words are readable, but the smaller words are not readable.
Q. (By Mr. Carney) And I'm not interested in
showing the jury these labels except in their languages. I don't speak any of them, Portuguese, Italian, Spanish, et cetera, and as far as I'm concerned we can either leave it the way it is, or we can take it out. I hap ve no preference
THE COURT: The English, at least my copy, is somewhat readable, but I agree it's hard to read
What is your pleasure, Mr. Kotoske? MR. KOTOSKE: I think my clients would fire me if they let me put into evidence things that I can't read. THE COURT: Fine. I'm willing to admit the first page and then - MR. CARNEY: That's fip ne. THE COURT: -- and let you look further at it.
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3
WATER PCB-SD0000015680
39
MR. CARNEY: You know, I don't have any
interest in (inaudible) other languages. The other thing
I'm interested is the label (inaudible) that's in clear
writing.
THE COURT: The first page of Exhibit 185 is
admitted
The second page is not.
Q. (By Mr. Carney) Exhibit 185, what Aroclor
p did that concern?
A. This is the Aroclor 1016.
Q. And I think the jury has heard what 1016 is.
That was the replacement for 'Aroclor 2'?
A. It was.
Q. Did this -- when did this label first start
to be used?
A. 1971.
Q. And for what period of time would this label
have been used on the drums of PCBs sent to --
A. Until the sales were stopjo ped in 1977.
Q. Your Honor, I may try to get a better copy of
this.
Does this label contain the seven -- safe
handling information in the seven languages on the second
page?
A. Yes.
Q. The same kind of safe handling information
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3
WATER PCB-SD0000015681
40
that we've already shown the jury?
A. The same kind, yes, sir.
Q. Did all of the Aroclor 1016 labjo els contain an
environmental warning?
A. Yes.
MR. CARNEY: Okay. Next I'd like to -- I
think this is my final group exhibit. And it's -- this is
two volumes. I think you have it. It's labeled
brochures, your Honor. Here's Volume II, Judge, your
copy. Maybe -- okay. Here's Volume I.
THE COURT: All right.
MR. CARNEY: And I have a skinny version
.(inaudijo ble
That first page. Mr. Papageorge, did you
again review these documents at my request a few days ago?
A. Yes, I did.
Q. (By Mr. Carney) Can you generally describe
what's in these two volumes?
A. These are brochures or bulletins that
describe Monsanto's Aroclors, and they -- this collection
includes the various editions that came out through the
years.
p Q.
So these are PCB brochures?
A. Yes, they are.
Q. And first -- and in the first volume I
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3
WATER PCB-SD0000015682
41
1 believe are Exhibits 134 through Exhibit 146. Do these
2 brochures contain any information about product toxicology
3 and safe handling?
4 A. They do.
5 Q. Who prepared the section on toxicology and
6 safe handling of these PCB brochures?
7 A. Monsanto's Medical De]p partment.
8 Q. To whom were these brochures given?
9 A. To customers of course and anyone that was
10 interested in this material with the idea that they might
11 want to buy it and use it.
12 Q. Were these brochures given to Westinghouse?
13 A. Yes.
14 Q. Were they -- let's talk about -- let's go to
15 one of the brochures, Exhibit 141. Can you identify this
16 brochure?
17
A.p
My tab is torn. I think I have 141.
18 Q. Is it -
19 A. I'm not certain.
20 Q. Let me check to make sure. It should be on
21 the bottom. That's '440'. I guess it's the next line.
22 I've got it.
23 A. I have it.
24 Q. Read the title of this brochure. Or first of
25 all, when was the date?
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015683
42
1 A. This is dated January, 1960.
p2
Q.
And it
has on the bottom (inaudible)
3 Monsanto employee?
4 A. Yes.
5 Q. And it says "Revised January, 1960"?
6 A. Yes.
7 Q. This is a Monsanto brochure?
8 A. Yes.
9 Q. And what's the title of the brochure?
10 A. The problem -
11 MR. KOTOSKE: Just to speed things along, I
12 want all of these in evidence.
lp13
THE COURT: 134 through
46.
14 MR. CARNEY: That would speed things along.
15 I would move for the admission of all of them.
16 MR. KOTOSKE: All of them.
17 THE COURT: So admitted as to Exhibits 134
18 through Exhibit 146.
19 MR. KOTOSKE: How about 257? I'd like to
20 have that in evidence also, at least one of these Monsanto
21 (inaudible).
22 MR. CARNEY: Well, your Honor I'll take a
23 loo]o k at that one.
24 THE COURT: Yeah, let me know later.
25 MR. CARNEY: It may be a -- I have a
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015684
43 1 suspicion I know what it is.
2 THE COURT: Just proceed. 3 MR. KOTOSKE: So these are all in evidence. 4 THE COURT: 134 through 146 is so admitted. 5 MR. KOTOSKE: Thank you. He can read 6 anything he wants from them. 7 MR. CARNJo EY: Okay, good. I'm not going to 8 read too much, but I am going to read a few things. This 9 is the final subject.
10 Take a look at Exhibit 141, page 98, and I'm 11 going to have a blowup of that. Now, I've got here 12 Exhibit 141-A, and before I show that to the jury, can you
13 tell, is that -- can you identify that as the same as 14 Exhibit 141 (inaudible) handwriting on it? 15 MR. KOTOSKE: Stipulate.
p16 THE COURT: Okay.
17 Q. (By Mr. Carney) And can you identify, does 18 that handwriting indicate that that's a brochure that came 19 out of Westinghouse's files?
20 A. Yes. 21 Q. It has a Dakin, a handwritten name Dakin on
22 it. Do you know who that is? 23 A. Dr. Dakin, yes. 24 Q. He's a Westinghouseresearcher? 25 A. Yes, sir.
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015685
44
p1 MR. CARNEY: Any objections to showing this
2 Exhibit 141-A? 3 MR. KOTOSKE: No. I want them to see it 4 MR. CARNEY: Okay. Good. 5 Would you take a look at page 98, and I'd 6 like to -- I'll just read, and you go along, and this is 7 with the sentence under skin exposure. 8 Can everybody see that and read it? 9 THE COURT: Please show the alternates. 10 ]o MR. CARNEY: The problem is, if I get too 11 close then the alternates have problems. How about here? 12 Is this -- okay. 13 It says on page 98 under skin exposure, 14 "Prolonged skin contact should be avoided. If work 15 clothes become impregnated with these fluids, they should 16 be removed and washed. When sampling tank cars, canvass 17 gloves and safety glasses or goggles should be worn. No 18 special clothing is required, but t]p he workers' garments 19 should be laundered at least weekly and changed if 20 Aroclors or Askarels are still on the clothes." 21 Did I read it correctly? 22 MR. KOTOSKE: We'll stipulate that you read 23 it correctly. 24 Q. (By Mr. Carney) It then says, "Exposure to 25 vapors". Do you see that section? And I think it's page
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015686
45
1 99?
2 A. I found it.
3 Q. Va]p pors from hot Aroclor or Askarel have a
4 degree of toxicity and shouldn't be inhaled over a
5 prolonged period of time. Capacitor impregnations may be
6 done at temperatures as high as 260 degrees Fahrenheit
7 (130 degrees centigrade).
8 Let me just stop there for just a second.
9 There's been testimony about how hot these ovens got in
10 the Bloomington plant, and I think the testimony was in
p11
the 130 or 140 degree centigrade
range. This is -- is 130
12 degrees since this country doesn't -- we use Fahrenheit
13 most of the time -- is 130 degrees centigrade the same as
14 266 degrees Fahrenheit?
15 A. It is.
16 Q. All right."Followingimpregnation and
17 draining, the chamber, exhaust ventilation should be
18 applied to the chamber to prevent Askarel vapors entering
19 the work room. Also when opening a heated capacitor
20 impregnating chambejo r the workmen should wear a respirator
21 during this short interval of exposure."
22 Did I read that correctly?
23 A. You did.
24 Q. Now, again this -- we've got Aroclar or
25 Askarel. What's Askarel?
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015687
46
1 A. Askarel was the generic word to describe fire
2 resistant capacitor fluids.
3 Q. But Aro- -
4 A. But Aroclar is a Monsanto trademark for the
5 ]p same kind of term when in that use.
6 Q. Okay. I guess at the end of the -- the last
7 two paragraphs of this Monsanto brochure are the words
8 "For many years of satisfactory and safe use of Aroclors
9 or Askarels I would like to (inaudible) the industry for
10 impregnating capacitors and filling transformers has
11 demonstrateed the industry's ability to handle these
12 fluids without hazard to workmen. It is both simple and
13 in]p line with good housekeeping and personal cleanliness to
14 exercise the suggested precautions in all cases."
15 Did I read that correctly?
16 A. You did.
17
Q.
And this wasa brochure that
was in
18 Westinghouse's files and dated January, 1960?
19 A. That is correct.
20
MR. KOTOSKE: Objection.
He doesn't know if
21 it's in Westinghouse files or not.
22 MR. CARNEY: Well, I]p think he already
23 testified that handwriting -
24 MR. KOTOSKE: He can't be a handwriting
25 expert.
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015688
47 1 THE COURT: Lay a foundation.
2 Q. (By Mr. Carney) Okay. I think you've 3 already testified this was in Westinghouse's files. And 4 how do you know that? 5 A. Well, I know Dr. Dakin personally, and his 6 name does appear on that document. 7 Q. W]p here? 8 A. It's shown on the blowup there in the upper 9 right-hand corner of the title page. 10 MR. KOTOSKE: Now, do you see what he's 11 looking at, Judge? 12 THE COURT: Let him finish his -- are you 13 finished with your foundation as far as how he knows it 14 was in Westinghouse files? 15 Q. (By Mr. Carney) And you know Dr. Dakin to be 16 a Westinghouse employee? 17 A. I d]p o . 18 MR. CARNEY: And, your Honor, just so we 19 don't have any confusion, we have a Westinghouse
20 deposition that indicates that this came out of the
21 Westinghouse files.
22 THE COURT: I'll -- I'll say so far that it
23 hasn't been connected up as far as his knowledge that it 24 is absolutely in the file, but certainly the jury can 25 consider the fact that Dakin is shown thereof and
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015689
1 (i]p naudible) .
48
2 MR. CARNEY: We have that.
3 THE COURT: (Inaudible), so I'll strike maybe
4 just that part of the question. You may proceed.
5 Q. (By Mr. Carney) Take a look at Exhibit No.
6 146. Is this another Monsanto brochure?
7 A. It is.
8 Q. Is there anything in this brochure where he
9 refers to the -- refers to assistance from Westinghouse in
10 the preparation of the doc]p uments?
11 A. There is.
12 Q. And where is that found?
13 A. On page 1 of the document in the introduction
14 portion.
15 Q. Would you read that portion of this Monsanto
16 brochure where it talks about the contributions of
17 Westinghouse?
18 A. "Monsanto greatfully acknowledges the
19 assistance, guidance and contributions of certain data by
20 the following", and it lists Dr. T. K. ' S]p lope',
21 Westinghouse Electric.
22 Q. And you've mentioned Mr. Slope's name? You
23 knew him personally from Westinghouse?
24 A. Yes, I did.
25 Q. Personally.
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
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1
2 3 4 5 6 7
9 10 11
12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24p
25
49
Now, I believe I asked you probably three or four days ago, you may have forgotten this, but to look at this document to give a best estimate of the date of this brochure?
A. Yes, you did. Q. And are you able to give an estimate by looking at the warnings as to the date of this brochure?
MR. KOTOSKE: That's speculation. This document is not dated. We don't know when it was prepared.
THE COURT: Well -- MR. KOTOSKE: He's not (inaudible). MR. CARNEY: What I'd like to do is, I think he can give an estimated date. THE]o COURT: I will let him -- I'll let him answer. I don't know if that's going to be enough - MR. CARNEY: Okay. THE COURT: -- but I'll let him answer. A. There is a reference in this document to the ANSI C-107 standard. And since that standard was available in January of 1974, this brochure certainly was prepared after that date. Q. (By Mr. Carney) Do pages four and five of this brochure contain safe handling information? MR. KOTOSKE: Stipulated they do -- that it
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015691
1 does.
50
2 A. They do.
3
Q.
(By Mr. Carney)
It says to avoid skin
4 contact and exposures to heat and vapors?
5 A. It does.
6 Q. Mr. Papageorge, does the toxicity and safe
7 handling section of the Monsanto customer brochures that
8 are marked D-134, 135 and 13]p 6 contain a warning that
9 repeated bodily contact with PCBs may lead to an acneform
10 skin eruption?
11 A. They do.
12 Q. Do these three -
13 MR. KOTOSKE: Excuse me. Could I have that
14 read back again? Just the question.
15 MR. CARNEY: I think I can probably -- go
16 ahead.
17 THE REPORTER: Mr. Papageorge, does the
18 toxicity and safe handling section in Monsanto cus]p tomer
19 brochures that are marked D-134, 135 and 136 contain a
20 warning that repeated bodily contact with PCBs may lead to
21 an acne eruption -
22 MR. CARNEY: Form.
23 THE REPORTER: -- an acneform eruption?
24 MR. CARNEY: Skin.
25 THE REPORTER: -- skin eruption?
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
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51
1 THE COURT: And your answer was?
2 A. They do.
3
Q. (By ]p Mr.Carney)
Do thesesame brochures
4 contain a warning that PCB vapors evolved at high
5 temperatures or by repeated oral ingestion will lead to
6 systemic toxic effects?
7 A. Yes.
Q. Now I'm goingto just switch toExhibits 144
9 and 145.
10 A. I have them.
11 Q. Do these two exhibits bothwarn of the
12 possibility of Chloracne if there's excessive exposure to
13 PCBs ?
14
]o A.
Yes, they do.
15 Q. Did Westinghouse receive copies of these
16 brochures, 134, 135, 136, 144 and 145?
17 A. Yes.
18 MR. KOTOSKE: Your Honor --
19 Excuse me, Mr. Papageorge.
20 Objection. Lack of foundation.
21 THE COURT: (Inaudible).
22 Q. (By Mr. Carney) And how did do you know
23 that?
24 25
A. The practice withinMonsanto whenthese bulletins are printed is to make certain that the users of
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015693
52 1 the material get copies, and that is done two ways: One
2 by mail and the other by the salesman personally 3 delivering copies to make certain that the representatives 4 of Westinghouse actually receive them. 5 Q. Turn to Exhibit -- and this is in your - 6 this isn't in the brochure (inaudible) -- Exhibit 250 - 7 it's 257. 8 T]p HE COURT: (Inaudible) . 9 MR. CARNEY: It would probably be in about
10 the third book I gave you. It's the last exhibit other 11 than group exhibits. 12 MR. CARNEY: I have a copy here -
13 THE COURT: Well -- 14 MR. CARNEY: -- I can probably give you. 15 THE COURT: I'll listen to you. 16 MR, CARNEY: Okay. 17 MR. KOTOSKE: Are we going to admit 2 5]p 7? 18 MR. CARNEY: They've already been admitted, I 19 think all of the brochures.
20 MR. KOTOSKE: Well, we don't have a ruling. 21 I want Exhibit 257 in evidence, Judge. 22 THE COURT: Are you moving -- 257, I might be
23 wrong, I don't show in evidence. 24 MR. KOTOSKE: It's a 'Monsanto document' 25 dated 1976. It's the last publication. I want it in.
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
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p2
53
It's not. THE COURT:
its admission?
Mr. Carney, are you moving for
MR. CARNEY: Your Honor, this is a
Westinghouse document, not a Monsanto document, but I
don't have it -- that's fine with me -
THE COURT: All right.
MR. CARNEY: -- to put it in.
THE COURT: Exhibit 257 is admitted into
evidence.
MR. KOTOSKE: Thank you.
]p MR. CARNEY: Does -- is that the document you
referred to earlier?
MR. KOTOSKE: Might have been, yes.
Q. (By Mr. Carney) Okay. Can you identify
Exhibit 257?
A. This was a Westinghouse Electric Corporation
bulletin entitled Instructions for Handling Inerteen
insulating fluid, PBS 54 201 CM, and installation and
maintenance of Inerteen transformers.
pQ.
I know this is
a Westinghouse document. I
really don't know what the answer is to the question, but
I'm just going to ask you, do you know how this document
was used?
A. I have an understanding that this is the kind
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
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54
1 of document that Westinghouse Company gave to its
2 customers of transformers or potential customers of
3 transformers.
4 Q. And take a look at the Bates Stamp No. 3189.
5 I think it's]o about the third -- third or fourth page.
6 A. I have it.
7
Q.
Are there anyWestinghouse
brochure safety
8 precautions for the handling of PCBs?
9 A. Yes.
10 Q. It said not to breathe the Inerteen fumes in
11 excess of 'a maximum of volatile' concentrations?
12 A. Yes.
13 Q. Says that the Inerteen can be absorbed
14 through skin and skin contact should be avoided?
15
]p A.
Yes.
16 Q. And it suggests (inaudiable) this equipment?
17 A. Yes.
18 MR. KOTOSKE: Can we have the (inaudible) -
19 MR. CARNEY: That's Bates Numbers 3189. It's
20 the second page of the brochure after the index.
21 MR. KOTOSKE: Thank you.
22 MR. CARNEY: I've got one last question, Mr.
23 Papageorge, and I'm finished asking questions. On a scale
24 of 1 to 10]p , one being the worse and 10 being the best,
25 what grade would you give Monsanto with regard to
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015696
1 informing Westinghouse about PCBs?
55
2 A. Well, sir, comparing what was done in this
3 case, I'd have to call it a 10.
4 MR. CARNEY: I have no further questions.
5 MR. KOTOSKE: Can we take a little break?
6 THE COURT: Certainly.
7 MR. KOTOSKE: Of less than -- THE COURT: Certainly. (Inaudible.)
9 Do not discuss the case among yourselves or
10 others.
11 [Ms. Wann was replaced by Ms. Olliges. ]
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
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56
1 THE COURT: All right. Mr. Kotoske, you may
2 proceed sir. And ladies and gentlemen, we'll go to
3 approximately ten or five to 12:00. You may proceed.
4
MR. KOTOSKE:]o
Thank you, Your Honor. Your
5 Honor, will you cut me off then?
6 THE COURT: I'll let you know.
7 Q. All right. Now, Mr. Papageorge, if you'll
8 listen to my questions and just answer those questions,
9 we'll try to get you out of here. All right?
10 A. Yes, sir.
11 Q. First, PCB, we're talking about as a
12 substitute 1016, Aroclor 1016. I want to ask you a very
13 simple question. That' s]p PCB; isn't it?
14 A. Yes, sir.
15
Q.
100 percent 1016 ispolychlorinated
biphenyl?
16 A. Yes.
17 Q. You're not trying to tell the jury it wasn't
18 PCB; you're trying to convey the idea it was, according to
19 you, more biodegradable?
20 A. That's correct.
21 Q. Next subject. Wetalked aboutprofitability
22 from PCB sales on your examination by Mr. Carney. In 1969
23 the PC]o B sales were $22 million. Did you think that was a
24 significant or an insignificant amount of money on the
25 overall of Monsanto sales?
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
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57
A. Since I don't recall the overall sales, sir, that is significant, but I don't know how else to describe it. It was a respected product in Monsanto's listing of products that they sold to their customers.
Q. However, 1969 was not your peak year. Peak p year for sales of PCBs Monsanto was 1968. How much money
did you make in 1968 on the sales of PCB, if you know? A. I do not know.
Q. You do know that 1969, which is Exhibit 11,
page 87, you made 22 million? MR. CARNEY: I'm not sure by the question if
he's talking about sales or profits. MR. KOTOSKE: Sales. MR. CARNEY: His question asked about if he
made p that, which would imply there's a profit.
Q. Sales.
MR. CARNEY: It's misleading. I would object to the question.
THE COURT: He's amended it to sales. You may answer, sir.
A. I forgot the question now.
Q. Very simple. Sales of PCB, 1969, $22
million? A. I don't remember the number, sir. I'd like
to see a document to help me
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3
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58
Q. Turn to page 87, Exhibit 11. I'll try to
turn to it, too, and be sure we're on the right track.
Reading from the bottom of the page, this is already in
evidence. "Monsanto's world-wide Aroclor business amounts
to 104 million pounds a year, 70 million used in
functional fluids, 34 million in plasticizers. This
represents 22 million in sales." Correct?
A. That is correct.
Q. p
Let's move on to another subject. You told
this jury that PCBs won't burn; is that true?
A. I didn't mean to say they won't burn. They
resist burning is a more correct term.
Q. Well, of course. Have you heard of
transformer fires in this country?
A. Certainly I have.
Q. Have you heard of capacitor fires in this
country?
A. Certainly.
Q. Let mp e ask you a question. There's a famous
PCB incident in Binghamton, New York
MR. CARNEY: Your Honor, could we approach
the bench?
(A bench conference was held.)
THE COURT: Proceed, sir.
Q. All right. How many transformer fires have
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3
WATER PCB-SD0000015700
59 1 you heard of in this country? Just roughly.
2 THE COURT: Without any details.
3 Q. Just a np umber.
4 A. About three.
5 Q. How about capacitors?
6 A. None.
7 Q. Do you still use IBT as a laboratory?
8 A. No, sir.
9 Q. Why not? 10 A. They're out of business.
11 Q. A Cadillac -- That Cadillac ran out of gas; 12 is that right?
13 MR. CARNEY: Your Honor, objection, and I
14 think you know what my objection relates to.
15 ]p
THE COURT: Well, he's covered it. The
16 witness stayed away from it, so I think you can move on.
17 Q. When did they go out of business? Do you
18 know?
19 MR. CARNEY: Objection, Your Honor.
20 THE COURT: Again, I don't think that's -- I
21 don't see the relevance. I'll sustain the objection.
22 Q. You identified a lot of toxicological reports
23 in some of these group exhibits from p Drinker, Scientific
24 Associates, the Treon reports, a whole batch from Younger
25 Labs. I was curious, in all these animal studies that
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
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60
you've taken, how come you didn't include the IBT study?
A At what point in time, sir?
Q Anytime.
MR. CARNEY: Well, Your Honor, I think he's
asking the witness to speculate on why I didn't include
them in the notebook and that was because p it's already in
evidence
That's the only reason I didn't. He doesn't
know the reason.
MR. KOTOSKE: Let me back up.
Q You brought these toxicological animal
studies that Monsanto has done over the years into court,
put them in evidence; didn't you?
A I personally? I don't understand, sir.
Q Monsanto's lawyers showed you a lot of
toxicological animal studies; didn't th]p ey?
A They did.
Q How come they didn't show you any IBT
studies ?
MR. CARNEY: Your Honor --
THE COURT: Sustained as to form.
MR. CARNEY: Calls for speculation. They
were already evidence at the time
THE COURT: Yeah. That's the only reason I
didn't. He doesn't know the reason..
Q Does Monsanto still rely on those IBT p studies
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3
WATER PCB-SD0000015702
1 talking about PCBs?
61
2 MR. CARNEY: Your Honor, I'm going to object.
3 He's been retired since '86.
4 Q. Up through '86 -
5 THE COURT: Sustained.
6 Q. Up through 1986 did Monsanto rely on those
7 IBT studies?
8 MR. CARNEY: Can we approach the bench, Your
9 Honor?
10 (A bench conference was held.)
11 THE]p COURT: Proceed, sir.
12 MR. KOTOSKE: Thank you.
13 Q. After Congress passed the the statute in '76,
14 there was a period of time when the implementation of the
15 regulations as apart from the statute followed. Do you
16 remember that?
17 A. I do.
18 Q. Okay. And that's when EPA was having its
19 hearings; was it not?
20 A. Yes.
21 Q. On how to ban and when to ban and ]p so forth? 22 A. Yes, sir.
23 Q. Did you participate in those hearings?
24 A. I did not.
25 Q. The electric industry, principally General
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
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62
Electric and Westinghouse, fought EPA on those regulations; did they not?
A. That I don't know, sir.
Q. You don't know that?
A. No, sir.
Q. You don't know what happened in those
p hearings that went for two or three years before PCBs were finally banned? A. I was not involved in any of those hearings I only read an occasional newspaper article or magazine article on that.
Q. You were not involved?
A. That is correct.
Q. Was Paul Wright from Monsanto, the manager of
toxicology, involved? A. I do not know.
Q. You have nop knowledge?
A. That is correct.
Q. Did Monsanto participate on behalf of the
electrical industry to forestall the implementation of those regulations?
A. Sir, I know nothing about that activity. I can't help you.
Q. I'm going to read to you from an exhibit
about Paul Wright --
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3
WATER PCB-SD0000015704
63
MR. CARNEY: Your Honor, can we approach the bench?
p Q. -- where he receives a cash award.
THE COURT: You want to approach? MR. CARNEY: Yes. THE COURT: All right.
(A bench conference was held.) Q. Did Paul Wright participate in hearings with EPA to regulate PCBs in effluents? A. I believe he did, yes. Q. And he sought to forestall the implementation of those regulation^ s; did he not? A. That's not my understanding, sir. Q. And he was a Monsanto employee when he executed those efforts; was he not? A. He was. He was involved in Monsanto's efforts to help the EPA arrive at what we thought were scientifically-based standards.
MR. KOTOSKE: At this time, Your Honor, I'm going to read from page 522 of Exhibit 12, particularly - This is about P]p aul Wright when he was getting cash from Monsanto. It says, "Achievement Award. Particularly noteworthy were his efforts on polychlorinated biphenyls, Aroclors, and chlorinated" -- I can't pronounce that word. It's spelled I-s-o-c-y-a-r-a-t-e-s. What is that? ACL
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
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3 4 5
6
7
9
10 11
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13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22
23 24 25
64
products? A. ACL. Those are swimming pool chemicals. Q. "Particularly noteworthy were his efforts on
polychlorinated bi]p phenyls, Aroclors, and 'chlorinated pool products'. In the former instance, his excellent analysis and synthesis of widely-scattered observations played a prominent role in forestalling EPA's promulgation of unrealistic regulation to limit discharges of PCBs. EPA's proposed regulations would have precluded the use of these materials by Monsanto's customers." By that time you had very few customers. They were electrical customers;
weren't they? A. Yes, sir. Q. Now, are you telling us that Monsanto was a
good neighbor, corporate responsible, when it sought to deter the implementation of EPA's regulations?
A. Yes, sir. You could be both. Q. Now, I want to go to a different subject matter. You first learned of -- According to your testimony, in 1966 you first became aware of environmental damage c]p aused by your products -- excuse me -- by PCBs? A. That's not -- I would not describe it as environmental damage. I would describe it as environmental presence. Q. It caused you some concern?
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015706
65
A. Yes.
Q. Why did you increase production of PCBs in
1969? A. Because the customers wanted more material.
Q. Why in 1970 did you seek to increasjp e
production of PCB? A. I don't recall that there was increased
production of PCBs there. You're talking about chlorinated terphenyls, I believe.
Q. Between 1966 and when the first concern first arises at Monsanto's headquarters here in town, it wasn't until 1970 that they set up this job for you, this environmental concern program; is that right?
A. That is accurate. That's true.
p Q And in the intervening four years when a
concern first popped into Monsanto's head, it kept increasing sales of PCBs; did it not?
MR. CARNEY: I'm going to object to the use of the four years because it's at the end of '66. I think it was December 28th -
THE COURT: Well, I'm going to let him answer the question.
MR. CARNEY: -- the letter was sent.
P THE COURT: Overruled.
A. Sir, the interval of three years from '66 to
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons Mgr Occ Hlth) in G. BROWN (3
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<o Ft
66
early '70, Monsanto had an unusual effort regarding this kind of activity in getting the necessary equipment and technology and whatever it took to understand whether or not the information they heard in '66 was truly connected somehow with their product.
Q. You could have choked the flow of PCBs off in 1966; c]p ouldn't you?
A. That's easy to say, sir. Q. The question is could you? A. We -- I don't know quite how to interpret your word "choke off". We were not in control of all of the PCBs in the world. Q. I didn't ask you that question. I asked you, you at Monsanto could have stopped in 1966 when the concern about the environmental problem first came to your attention? ]o A. There was no concern at that time. There was an indication that there might be PCBs in the environment. You don't choke off a supply of a valuable chemical based on somebody's suspicion. Q. In fact, you increased your sales in 1969 despite the fact that you had a concern because you wanted to make the $22 million; isn't that right?
MR. CARNEY: Your Honor, he's talking about making a profit of]p 22 million again, and the profit wasn't 'B 6
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1 anywhere close to that, so that it's very misleading to 2 the jury that they were making that kind of money. 3 THE COURT: If the witness disagrees with the 4 question, he can say so. He can explain it. You may 5 answer. 6 MR. CARNEY: I'm going to object to the form 7 of the question. He puts about four sentences together. 8 It's compound. And I dop n't know which question he wants 9 to have answered. So I object to the form. 10 THE COURT: Overruled. You may answer the 11 question. 12 A. While the studies relating to determining 13 whether or not PCBs were a problem in the environment were 14 going on, yes, the material was sold to the uses to which 15 it had been sold to for 40 years, during which no problems 16 were made known. 17 MR. KOTOSKE: Yoa ur Honor, could we stop here 18 and we'll pick it up with Monsanto's action plan when we 19 come back? 20 THE COURT: That's fine. Step down. Ladies 21 and gentlemen, why don't we take a lunch break, let's say 22 until about 1:10, and then we'll continue. Again, do not 23 discuss the case among yourselves or with others, and I'll 24 have an announcement for you as to what we're going to do 25 tomorrow. Okay.
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[0 - 202]
Transcript Word Index
0 135
o 22:8
1
50:8,19 51:16 136
50:1951:16 13th
1 50:8
48:13 54:24
140
1:10
45:11
67:22
141
10 41:15,1743:10,12,1444:2
54:24 55:3
144
10/31/91
51:8,16
1:1 145
100 51:9,16
16:4 56:15
146
101 41:1 42:18 43:4 48:6
14:7,16 15:7,10 16:4
147
1016
22:7
37:8 39:9,10 40:3 56:12,12 149
56:15
22:8 33:24
102 15
16:5 2:21 13:4
103 150
16:5 29:9
104 151
16:5 58:5
24:15 26:2,24 29:12,14,19
105 35:8
16:5 152
107 22:19
49:20
153
10th
22:8 33:24
54:24
154
11 22:8 33:24
8:25 10:8,23 57:9 58:1
155
114 22:19 23:1
16:5 156
115 22:19 23:6
12:17,19 15:18 16:5
157
12 22:8 33:24 35:1 36:4
7:17 63:20
16
12:00
12:10,11,17,19 14:7 15:18
56:3 16:2
1242
160
4:9,15 24:18 26:8
22:8,11 33:24
1254
161
4:9,15
22:9,13,19 23:6
12th
162
7:16 22:19 23:1
13 163
6:7 13:6
22:19
130 164
45:7,11,11,13
22:19
134 165
41:1 42:13,17 43:4 50:8,19 22:20 23:2
51:16
166
22:19 23:2
168 23:2
17 7:20
170 22:15
171 23:2
172 22:19 23:2
173 22:13,16 23:2 33:24
179 23:2
17th 22:8
18 10:17 14:7 16:2
180 23:2
181 23:4
182 23:4
183 23:4
184 23:4
185 23:4 37:5,6 39:5,7
186 23:2
187 22:8,14,18 23:4 33:24
19 6:15 7:14 25:6 34:5 35:25
192 2:8,21 8:20 9:25
193 2:21 9:25
1938 2:4,21
1953 3:23 23:13
1954 23:12,12
1955 3:25 4:12
1958 5:13,15,22 23:12 27:24 28:4,5 30:23
196 2:8 3:9,18,23 9:25
1960 42:1,5 46:18
1962 5:24 6:7,15,17,19,23
1963 6:25 7:14
1966 2:4 7:17,20,25 64:20 65:10 66:7,14
1968 13:4 57:6,7
1969 11:3 56:22 57:5,9,22 65:3 66:21
197 2:8 3:9,19 10:1
1970 17:1925:7,10,12,17,19 26:8,25 28:6 30:24 34:5,9 34:13 35:25 65:5,12
1971 1:11 39:15
1972 16:14 32:16
1974 49:21
1975 14:19 16:22
1976 17:2,3 18:1,20 52:25
1977 13:6 17:7 19:6 25:10,12 34:5,10,14 36:1 39:18
1978 17:9,11,15 18:3
1979 17:25 18:5
198 2:8 4:4 10:1
1986 61:6
199 2:8 4:4 10:1
19th 2:8
IP
22:18 42:13 64:11
2 o
39:11 53:1 64:11 200
2:9 5:2 8:9 9:20 10:2 201
5:16,18 8:9,13,17 9:20 10:2 53:19 202 5:22 8:9,21 9:20 10:3
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203 5:24 6:5 10:1
204 6:7
205 6:15
206 6:17
207 6:19
208 6:21
209 2:9 5:2 6:23 10:1
20th 5:19,20
211 2:10 5:2 6:25 10:1
216 2:10 5:2 7:13 10:1
217 7:16
218 7:19
219 7:25
22 5:13,15 6:21 56:23 57:10 57:22 58:7 66:23,25
220 2:10 5:3 8:2 10:2
24th 49:23
25 6:17,19 51:24
250 52:6
257 42:19 52:7,21,22 53:9,16
25th 52:17
260 45:6
266 45:14
28th 65:20__________________
3
3 2:8 11:3
30 17:19
30s 1:7
3189 54:4,19
34 58:6
39 22:2
4 A
6:25 40
20:1221:1567:15 440
41:21 46
42:13
5
5 29:4 35:4
50 22:18
52 14:7 16:2
522 63:20
54 53:19
6
6 5:24 50:8
60 16:2
62 16:3
63 16:3 23:11
64 16:3 23:11
65 16:3
66 14:14 65:19,25 66:4
69 16:3
7
7 20:6 52:17
70 29:6 31:2 58:5 66:1
71 27:22
72 16:3
73 14:14
76 14:1561:13
77 18:2 34:10
78 14:15
79 14:15
8
8 5:22 14:19 55:7
80 10:9 16:3
81 10:10,22
82 10:9 14:15 16:3
826.12.240.04/53 29:22
83 14:15
85 14:15
86 61:3,4
87 57:10 58:1 g
9 6:23 7:25
90 14:15 16:3
95 16:4
96 14:15 16:4
97 16:4
98 16:4 43:10 44:5,13
99 14:15 16:445:1
a
a.m. 1:1
a.fj 41:17
ability 46:11
able 49:6
absolutely 20:15 47:24
absorb 30:14
absorbed 54:13
absorption 6:4,13 7:5
accept 21:2
accident 33:7,9
accurate 11:6 65:14
achievement 63:22
acknowledges 48:18
acl 63:25 64:2
acne 50:21
acneform 50:9,23
act 18:11
action 21:6,8 67:18
activity 62:22 66:2
added 28:7 30:24 34:14
addition 13:13
additional 34:14
additionally 23:6
admission 22:23 26:2 42:15 53:3
admit 15:17 38:21 52:17
admitted 10:2 16:5 29:9,10 36:13 39:6 42:17 43:4 52:18 53:9
ad|) 25:19
agencies 13:20
ago 1:4,5 2:11 21:23 40:15 49:2
agree 35:18 38:16
agreed 16:23 18:14
ahead 50:16
allow 29:7
alternates 44:9,11
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons MgrOcc Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015711
[altogether - buy]
altogether
arises
available
black
16:19 18:23
65:11
49:21
15:11
amended
arney
ave
blacked
57:19
18:19
21:24
14:12
american
aro
avoid
ble
11:9
46:3
21:10 30:5,6,7 50:3
40:13
amount 56:24
aroclar 45:24 46:4
avoided 44:14 54:14
bloomington 23:5 24:21,24 26:12,25
amounts
aroclor
avoiding
27:7 28:2,3,5 30:22,23
58:4
24:18 37:8 39:7,9,11 40:3 21:11
31:22 36:23 45:10
analysis
45:3 56:12 58:4
award
blowup
64:5
aroclors
63:3,22
29:11,1843:11 47:8
animal
4:9 40:20 44:20 46:8 63:24 aware
bodily
1:14 2:25 4:2,14 5:3,9 8:14 64:4
64:20____________________ 50:9,20
59:25 60:10,15 animals
2:17 4:18 6:3 7:23 announce
16:17 announced
18:21,25 announcement
16:24 67:24 ansi
49:20 answer
13:21 19:22 20:5 27:4,5 49:16,18 51:1 53:22 56:8 57:20 65:21 67:5,10 answered 67:9 an't 35:16 an|) 34:11 anto 8:5 anytime 60:3 apart 61:15 appear 22:20 47:6 appeared 27:6 30:21 38:1 appears 23:11 applied 45:18 approach 58:21 61:8 63:1,4 approximately 27:25 56:3 april 13:6
arrive 63:17
article 62:10,11
aside 10:6
askarel 45:3,18,25,25 46:1
askarels 44:20 46:9
asked 1:5 4:5 9:9 49:1 57:14 66:13
asking 54:23 60:5
asociates 3:10
assigneb 20:24
assistance 48:9,19
associates 3:18 59:24
associa|) 3:22
assuming 34:3
afj 34:20
attention 66:16
august 17:19
aul 63:21
aused 64:21
authorize 3:14
authorized 3:20
b bold
back 22:12 50:14 60:9 67:19
35:4 book
ban 17:10,14,23 19:11 61:21,21
1:19,25 2:7,12,20 9:5 10:6 13:9 14:1 21:21 23:10 25:8
banned 18:2,5 62:8
banning
25:15 33:15 35:2 52:10 booklet
21:24
18:12 based
bottom 10:17 41:21 42:2 58:3
36:15 63:18 66:19 batch
59:24
break 55:5 67:21
breathe
bates 54:4,19
54:10 breathing
bearing 34:23
behalf
30:6 brochure
41:16,24 42:7,9 43:18 46:7
62:19 believe
46:17 48:6,8,16 49:4,7,21 49:23 52:6 54:7,20
8:179:6 19:1641:1 49:1 63:10 65:9
brochures 40:9,19,23 41:2,6,8,12,15
bench
50:7,19 51:3,16 52:19
58:22,23 61:8,10 63:2,7 benfi
15:1
broke 12:4
brought
best 21:5 49:3 54:24
1:6 60:10 brown
better 39:19
1:1 bulletin
big 35:4
binghamton 58:20
biodegradable
53:18 bulletins
40:19 51:24 burn
58:10,11
56:19
burning
biphenyl 56:15
58:12 business
biphenyls 11:1063:23
18:22 19:1 58:4 59:10,17 buy
bip 41:11
64:4
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons MgrOcc Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015712
[Cadillac - court]
c cash
Cadillac
63:3,21
59:11,11
caused
call 64:25
55:3 centigrade
called
45:7,11,13
1:7 2:3 3:10
certain
calling
25:3 33:14 36:11 41:19
20:3 48:19 51:24 52:3
calls
certainly
19:21 60:21
32:22 47:24 49:21 55:6,7
canvass
58:15,18
44:16
certainty
capacitor
27:3
45:5,19 46:2 58:16
cetera
capacitors
38:12
16:11 46:10 59:5
ch
car 15:1
33:6 chalk
care
16:15
38:5 chamber
carney
45:17,18
1:1,3,23 2:3,6 8:4,11,12,19 chamber
8:23 9:4,14 10:4,6,14,16,22 45:20
11:4,6,7 12:7,11,14,18,20 chance
13:23 14:1,4,8 15:4,6,21
29:13 30:13
16:8 18:7,17 19:10,14,16 chances
19:25 20:1,4,8,18 22:12,16 21:4
22:18,22 23:18,22 24:2,13 change
24:15 26:1,7,22 27:10,14
21:3
27:17,23 29:11,15,18 30:1 changed
30:12,15,18 31:3,8,18 33:3 44:19
33:20,23 34:9,16,19 35:1 charge
35:13,20 36:3,16 37:12,18 27:11
37:21 38:4,9,23 39:1,7 40:6 check
40:12,17 42:14,22,25 43:17 5:17 33:25 41:20
44:1,4,10,24 46:22 47:2,15 chemical
47:18 48:2,5 49:13,17,23
20:12,19 66:19
50:3,15,22,24 51:3,22 52:9 chemicals
52:12,14,16,18 53:1,4,8,12 11:11,14,1632:11,12,14
53:15 54:19,22 55:4 56:22 64:2
57:11,14,17 58:21 59:13,19 chloracne
60:4,19,21 61:2,8 63:1,5
51:12
65:18,23 66:24 67:6
chlorinated
carn|)
63:24 64:4 65:9
43:7 choke
cars
66:11,19
31:12,13,17,18,19,20 32:7 choked
32:10,10,11,18,21 33:4,6
66:6
44:16
clarified
carter
31:5
28:9 clarify
case
37:22
26:17 36:10 55:3,9 67:23 cleanliness
cases
46:13
11:22 46:14
clear 39:3
clearly 9:1526:7,11
clients 38:18
climbed 32:22
close 44:11 67:1
closed 17:24 19:7
clothes 44:15,20
clothing 30:10 44:18
cm 53:19
collection 40:20
company 3:10 54:1
compared 11:15
comparing 55:2
compound 67:8
concentrations 54:11
concern 39:8 64:25 65:10,13,16 66:15,17,22
concerned 38:12
concerns 37:13
concern^ 38:4
conference 15:1 58:23 61:10 63:7
confirmed 34:20
confusion 18:1847:19
congress 61:13
connected 10:3 47:23 66:4
connections 32:23
consider 47:25
contact 21:10,11 30:7,7,8,9 44:14 50:4,9,20 54:14
contain 37:4 39:21 40:3 41:2 49:23 50:8,19 51:4
contained 1:25 31:11
containing 25:21
contains 35:7
contaminants 34:17
continue 1:2 15:8 67:22
continuing 16:4
continue 16:11
contributions 48:16,19
control 18:11 66:11
convey 56:18
copies 3:5 10:11 51:1552:1,3
copy 10:11 12:8 19:15 37:15,25 38:15 39:19 40:10 52:12
corner 47:9
corporate 64:15
corporation 36:18 53:17
correct 1:8 11:4 17:4,5 19:1231:9 46:19 56:20 58:7,8,12 62:13,18
correct.fi 19:13
correctly 44:21,23 45:22 46:15
cofi 37:2
counsel 9:17 18:12
country 45:12 58:14,17 59:1
couple 1:3,5 10:19 11:1323:22 24:2
course 20:24 41:9 58:13
court 1:1,22 2:1,58:10,18,20 9:2 9:12,17,25 10:13,21,24
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons MgrOcc Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015713
[court - eruption]
court (cont.)
dated
deter
effect
11:2 12:13,17 13:25 14:3,7 2:20 3:23,25 4:11 5:13 6:7 64:16
11:22 19:12
14:13,18,21,24 15:4,8,13
6:15,17,19,25 7:13,16,25 determining
effective
15:17 16:1 18:14 19:24
11:3 23:7 24:9,9 29:2,3
67:12
17:6,12 18:2
20:2,6,14,16 21:22 22:11
36:6,7 42:1 46:18 49:9
de|)
effects
22:15,17,24 23:8,15,24
52:25
21:7 41:7
4:18,1851:6
24:6,11,14 26:3,6,16,20 dated [j
different
effluents
27:5,13,15,21 29:9,17
7:20
4:11 6:3 38:2 64:18
63:9
30:16 31:5,17 33:2 34:7,11 dates
disagrees
effort
35:14,18 36:5,13 37:11,14 4:12 5:7,8 16:9 23:23 34:8 67:3
66:1
37:19 38:6,15,21,24 39:5
35:25 36:9
discharges
efforts
40:11 42:13,17,24 43:2,4 day
64:8
63:15,17,23 64:3
43:16 44:9 47:1,12,22 48:3 20:21,22,22 21:2,2
discuss
either
49:11,15,18 51:1,21 52:8 days
55:9 67:23
37:12 38:12
52:13,15,22 53:1,7,9 55:6,7 1:4,4,5 2:11 21:23 40:15 ditional
electric
56:1,6 57:19 58:24 59:2,15 49:2
25:19
36:18 48:21 53:17 61:25
59:20 60:11,20,23 61:5,11 december
docfi
62:1
63:4,6 65:21,24 67:3,10,20 5:22 7:14 65:20
48:10
electrical
cover
decision
document
62:20 64:11
8:10,13
32:9
5:18 10:8 47:6 48:13 49:3,9 eliminate
covered
defendant
49:19 52:24 53:5,5,12,21
18:18
22:7 59:15
29:19
53:23 54:1 57:25
els
covers
defendant's
documents
40:3
9:10 2:7,8 3:9,18,23 15:20 16:2 2:12,15,16,19 21:22 23:19 employee
crucial
22:7 36:4
40:15
42:3 47:16 63:14
26:17,19
degree
do|)
enacted
C[J
45:4,11
67:8
18:11,20,21
18:19 23:19 35:16 64:21 degrees
dr
encourage
66:7
45:6,7,12,13,14
2:20,23 4:6 9:7 10:5 11:1
20:10
curious
delete
23:19 43:23 47:5,15 48:20 english
59:25
16:4 draining
38:15
CUSfl
deletions
45:17
entering
50:18
16:6 drinker
45:18
customer
delivered
1:8 2:20,23 3:12,13 8:24 entire
50:7
31:19
59:23
12:1 14:8 25:21
customers
delivering
drugs
entitled
16:1831:1641:9 54:2,2
52:3
11:14
53:18
57:4 64:10,11,11 65:4
demonstrateed
drum
environment
customer's
46:11
31:8,10 38:1
13:1766:1867:13
33:7
deposition
drums
environmental
cut
1:24 9:7 23:20 47:20
19:18 26:24 28:3 30:22
12:25 25:2,9,16,20,22,24
56:5
describe
37:1,8 39:17
28:6 29:6 30:24 33:15 34:4
d 2:14,16 40:17,20 46:1 57:2 df>
d47 64:22,23
33:23
described
dakin 43:21,21,23 47:5,15,25
damage 64:21,23
9:20 27:12 describing
21:17 desk
data
1:21
48:19 date
despite 66:22
5:23 6:21 16:9,13,21 17:1,6 17:12 18:2 23:10,12 25:3,5
detail 34:21
26:5,10,18 27:2,21 36:11 41:25 49:3,7,14,22
details 59:2
47:17
earlier 53:13
early 66:1
easy 66:8
ed 38:4
editions 40:21
e
34:12,15,17 40:4 64:20,23 64:24 65:13 66:15 epa 18:1061:1862:1 63:9,17 epa's 64:7,8,16 equipment 54:16 66:2 erase 15:10 erased 15:11 eruption 50:10,21,23,25
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons MgrOcc Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015714
[es - given]
es
exhibits
files
forgot
19:3 1:24 2:7,7,9,9,10,10 4:4 5:2 43:19 46:18,21 47:3,14,21 57:21
estimate
5:2,2 9:4,21 12:12,18 13:24 filling
forgotten
49:3,6
14:4,10,14 16:7 21:23 22:2 46:10
49:2
estimated
22:7,23,25 23:3,5,14 33:14 final
form
49:14
33:23 34:3 41:1 42:17 51:8 40:7 43:9
19:24 20:3 50:22 60:20
et
51:11 52:11 59:23
finally
67:6,9
38:12
experience
17:23 62:8
former
everybody
20:11,1921:6,15
find
64:5
18:13 30:2,16 44:8
expert
9:23 16:15 23:10
forth
evidence
46:25
fine
61:21
8:5 9:21 10:2 13:24 16:5 explain
9:14 18:17 31:6 38:21 53:6 fought
29:10 33:19 35:17 36:4
67:4
67:20
62:1
38:19 42:12,20 43:3 52:21 explain^
finish
found
52:23 53:10 58:4 60:7,12
37:20
47:12
17:1 19:2 45:2 48:12
60:22
explosions
finished
foundation
evolved
16:13
10:14 47:13 54:23
23:16,25 27:16 35:14,19
51:4
exposed
fire
36:1547:1,1351:20
exact
26:19
38:18 46:1
foundational
26:18
exposure
fires
24:8
examination
44:7,13,24 45:21 51:12
16:12 58:14,16,25
four
56:22
exposures
first
2:10 49:2,23 65:15,19 67:7
examined
50:4
1:23 2:195:13 13:4 16:9 fourth
10:7
extremely
20:24 38:22 39:5,13 40:14 54:5
example
11:23
40:25,25 41:24 56:11 64:19 fumes
6:1,5 36:11
ey
64:20 65:10,10,16 66:15
54:10
examples 12:22 22:3
43:7 60:15 eye
fit* 38:23
functional 58:6
excellent
7:9 30:9
five
furnished
64:5 eyes
49:23 56:3
3:5
excess
27:19 30:7
flow
further
54:11
f
excessive 51:12
fact 24:23 47:25 66:21,22
excuse 18:1050:1351:1964:21
factory 29:4
executed
fahrenheit
63:15 exercise
46:14
45:6,12,14 familiar
9:15 35:20
exhaust 45:17
exhibit 2:8,9,21 3:9,18,23 5:16,18
famous 58:19
far 16:1 35:18 38:4,12 47:13
5:22,24 6:5,7,12,15,17,19
47:22,23
6:25 7:16,19,25 8:2,9,25 10:8,12,23 12:3,5,9,11 14:16 15:6,10,18,20 22:7 23:11 24:15 26:2,24 29:7
february 3:25 5:13 13:4
fed 6:9
29:12,19 30:14 33:21 35:1 fedfi
35:8,17 36:4 37:5,6 39:5,7 40:7 41:1,1542:1843:10
6:9 feeding
43:12,14 44:2 48:5 52:5,6 52:10,21 53:9,16 57:9 58:1
7:2,3 file
62:24 63:20
47:24
66:6 fluid
30:10 32:1 53:19 fluids
44:15 46:2,12 58:6 flush
30:9 focus
10:10 follow
5:7 followed
11:25 61:15 following
22:25 23:3,4 30:9 45:16 48:20 foods 11:14 force 16:10 forestall 62:20 63:11 forestalling 64:7
13:21 21:3 26:3 27:15 38:24 55:4
g garments
44:18 gas
59:11 general
61:25 generally
2:14 8:14 18:12 37:13,20 40:17 generic 46:1 gentlemen 56:2 67:21 getting 19:1 63:21 66:2
5:6,7,8 9:17 10:11 25:5 26:10 29:13 33:8 49:3,6,14 52:14 54:25 given 41:8,12
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons MgrOcc Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015715
[glasses - installation]
glasses 44:17
glenn 1:1
gloves 44:17
go 2:19 4:4 5:8 9:21 14:21 15:12,19 21:24 24:2,4 31:14 33:16 34:21 41:14 44:6 50:15 56:2 59:17 64:18
goggles 44:17
going 9:7 16:8,25 24:4 43:7,8,11 49:16 51:8 52:17 53:23 61:2 62:24 63:20 65:18,21 67:6,14,24
goifj 33:20
gold 36:17
good 43:7 44:4 46:13 64:15
government 3:6 4:24 12:5,24 13:15,20 16:10,18,24 18:25 19:11
grade 54:25
greatfully 48:18
group 3:8 5:1 12:3,5 13:12 14:8 15:1023:1440:7 52:11 59:23
groupings 2:18,19
guess 36:8 41:21 46:6
guidance 48:19___________________
h
half 19:11
hand 1:19 47:9
handle 21:1746:11
handles 21:2
handling 20:21 39:22,25 41:3,6 49:23 50:7,18 53:18 54:8
handwriting 14:10 43:14,18 46:23,24
handwritten
housekeeping
incident
43:21
46:13
58:20
happened
inclfi
62:6 ibt
13:15
happy 13:21
1:1059:760:1,17,25 61:7 idea
include 22:13 60:1,5
hard
32:20 41:10 56:18
included
38:16 harm
21:6
identification 13:17
identified
6:5 includes
15:19 40:21
harvard 2:23
hat 17:4
23:1 59:22 identifies
9:8,14 identify
increase 65:2
increased 65:7 66:21
ha|) 8:8 14:11 15:23 37:6 41:15 increasing
8:24 38:13 have|)
43:13,17 53:15 ii
65:17 increase
25:8 hazard
40:9 ike
65:5 index
46:12 head
65:16
12:3 illegible
23:3
54:20 indicate
13:1943:18
headquarters 65:11
immediately 14:17
indicated 4:20 12:21
hear 20:4
heard
impact 21:8
implementation
indicates 35:10 47:20
indication
39:10 58:13,16 59:1 66:4 hearings
61:14 62:20 63:11 64:16 imply
66:18 industrial
61:19,23 62:7,9 63:8 heat
50:4
11:1057:15 important
21:15,18 36:9
11:15 industry
20:12,19 46:9 61:25 62:20
heated 45:19
impregnated 44:15
industry's 46:11
held 15:1 58:23 61:10 63:7
impregnating 45:20 46:10
inerteen 34:24 35:4 36:17 53:18,20
help
impregnation
54:10,13
19:20 57:25 62:23 63:17 high
45:6 51:4
45:16 impregnations
45:5
information 12:23 13:15 19:19 20:9,20 21:5,5 33:5,8 39:22,25 41:2
highly 11:11
hold 26:20
improper 36:12
inaudiable 54:16
49:23 66:4 informing
55:1 ingestion
home
inaudible
51:5
11:16 honor
8:4 9:19 12:7 13:23 15:2 23:18 26:1,7,22 27:10,14
2:2 7:3 9:16 10:4 15:3,5,25 16:19 19:23 20:3,6,14,17 23:25 24:5,6,13 26:15 29:21 30:4 31:21 33:21
ingredients 37:4
inhaled 45:4
29:11 36:3 37:18 39:19
34:2,8,10 35:19 36:8 39:2,3 inhilation
40:9 42:22 47:18 51:18 53:4 56:4,5 58:21 59:13,19
42:2,21 43:14 46:9 48:3 49:12 51:21 52:6,8 54:18
7:11 insignificant
60:4,19 61:2,9 63:1,19 66:24 67:17
55:7 inaudi|)
56:24 installation
hot 45:3,9
40:13
53:19
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons MgrOcc Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015716
[instance - maintenance]
instance
jury
label (cont.)
letters (cont.)
64:5 10:17 18:13,1629:24 30:13 36:25 37:1,7 39:3,13,16,21 13:19 35:4
instances
38:10 39:10 40:1 43:12 labeled
level
26:9
47:24 56:17 58:10 67:2
40:8
34:21
instruction
k labeling
like))
18:15,16
kelly
27:11 32:24
19:22
instructions
10:5 24:1 26:9
labels
limit
53:18 insulating
53:19
kelly's 9:7 23:19
kept
19:18,19,20,20 20:9 21:16 64:8
21:20 22:3 23:6,12 25:3,8,9 line
25:15,18,20,24 27:6 29:3
30:4 41:21 46:13
interest 39:2
interested 38:9 39:3 41:10
65:16 kind
12:4 20:22 21:10 32:24 39:25 40:2 46:5 53:25 66:2
30:21 32:6,9,18,20,21 33:4 34:4,22 36:7 38:10 laboratories 5:4
lines 32:23
ling 26:21
internal
67:2
laboratory
listen
34:19 interpret
knew 48:23
7:19 59:7 labs
16:2 52:15 56:8 listing
66:10 interval
know 11:8 14:1720:1324:9,11
8:22 59:25 lab|)
57:3 lists
45:21 65:25 intervening
65:15
26:18 27:2,9,17 29:3,6 31:7 37:15,21 39:1 42:24 43:1 43:22 46:20 47:4,5,15 49:9
40:3 lack
51:20
48:20 little
34:1 55:5
in|) 13:24 46:13
49:16 51:22 53:21,22,23 56:6 57:2,7,8,9 59:14,18
ladies 56:2 67:20
liver 4:18
introduction 48:13
investigating
60:8,24 62:3,4,6,16,22 66:10 67:8 knowledge
language 28:4 30:3,21
languages
long 30:18 34:7 37:14
look
13:10 involved
47:23 62:17 known
38:1,3,10 39:2,22 late
5:1 9:3 10:12 12:3 21:20 23:11 24:15 29:14 30:18
33:6 62:9,12,15 63:16 irritation
7:7,9
67:16 knows
18:13,1327:1647:13
9:2 launder
30:10
35:1 36:6 37:5 38:24 43:10 44:5 48:5 49:2 54:4 looked
issue 13:1
kotos ke 1:5,20 8:7,25 9:19 10:8,17
laundered 44:19
15:22 30:16 looking
italian 38:11
10:25 11:3,5,7,20 12:9 14:9 14:14,20,22,25 15:2,8,9,16
law 17:3,6
18:1,20,21
47:11 49:7 loo|)
16:7 18:8,9,16 19:8,21 20:6 lawyers
42:23
46:22 48:1 it's|3
54:5________________
20:13,15 21:22 22:9,25 23:9,21 24:7 26:5,14,17 27:1,8 29:1,13,16,24 30:13
60:14 lay
23:16,25 27:15 35:14 47:1
lope 48:20
losing
_____________ j________
january 7:17 17:2,7,9,15 18:2 42:1 42:5 46:18 49:21
31:1,7 33:1,18,22 34:6 35:12,16 36:6 37:9,16 38:17,1842:11,16,1943:3 43:5,15 44:3,22 46:20,24
laying 35:18
lead 50:9,20 51:5
1:4 lot
12:1521:11 26:1559:22 60:14
job
47:10 49:8,12,25 50:13
learned
20:24 65:12 journals
3:3 judge
51:18 52:17,20,24 53:11,14 54:18,21 55:5,7 56:1,4 57:1360:9 61:1263:19 67:17____________________
64:19 leave
15:24 led
27:20
38:12
12:3 lunch
67:21
m
1:20 9:6 15:21 18:17 19:14
I
34:20 35:12 36:9 37:9 40:9 label
47:11 52:21 july
6:23 19:6 june
20:9,10,20,22,23,25 21:19 24:17 25:1,19,22 26:11 27:2 28:2,5 29:2,4 34:4 35:2,4,4,21,23,24 36:16,20
4:12 5:246:7,15,17,197:16
9:16 left
10:1331:11 32:13 letter
10:25 13:4 65:23 letters
12:5,21,22 13:3,8,9,12,15
magazine 62:10
mail 52:2
maintenance 53:20
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons MgrOcc Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015717
[majorip - overall]
majorip 24:23
making 16:19,25 66:25 67:2
management 16:17
manager 62:14
man's 36:7
manufacture 17:10,24 18:2,5,12 19:5 25:13
manufacturing 17:18
march 6:25 11:3
marked 50:8,19
material 11:1320:21 31:1033:5 37:2,3 41:10 52:1 65:4 67:14
materials 21:2 64:10
matter 24:8 29:4 64:19
maximum 54:11
mean 58:11
meaning 21:11
medical 21:1241:7
meetings 21:16,17,18
memos 3419
mention 4:17
mentioned 1:10 9:5,18 23:8 48:22
message 25:21 38:2
million 56:23 57:10,23 58:5,5,6,7 66:23,25
mind 20:13
minute 2:1 14:23
mishandled 11:17
misleading 57:17 67:1
mistake
need (cont.)
occasional
33:17 34:1
34:20
62:10
mists
neighbor
occurs
30:7
64:15
30:8
misused
new
October
11:17
21:5 25:20 58:20
5:15,19,20 7:20 14:19 17:3
mixture
newspaper
18:20
37:4
62:10
offer
money
ng
8:4 13:23 36:3
56:24 57:6 67:2
33:20
offering
monsanto
nine
9:5
1:6,7,13 3:13,15,21 4:5 5:3 2:9
ofp
12:23 13:9,21 16:10,17,18 notations
28:6 66:25
16:23 17:17,17 18:21,22,25 14:10,12 15:11,14,22
oh
19:4,18 20:9,23 22:4 32:12 note
1:183:1221:1829:16
32:13,17 34:22 35:23,23
29:1
33:22 35:13
36:21 37:7 42:3,7,20 46:4,7 notebook
okay
48:6,15,18 50:7,18 51:24
22:21 60:6
3:17 5:18 10:24 15:21
52:24 53:5 54:25 56:25 noted
16:15,16 30:3,12 36:25
57:6 60:11,25 61:6 62:14
16:7 20:6
37:5,24 40:6,10 43:7,16
62:19 63:14,22 64:14 66:1 noteworthy
44:4,12 46:6 47:2 49:17
66:14
63:23 64:3
52:16 53:15 61:18 67:25
monsanto's
noth
olliges
13:16 20:25 32:14 33:4
62:17
55:11
40:20 41:7 57:3 58:4 60:14 noticed
ones
63:1664:1065:11,1667:18 7:2,22
9:2 13:25 14:1,3,4 15:13,13
monsp
november
23:8,9
8:5
3:23 7:25
open
move
n't
17:10,15,18 18:3
22:22 26:2 27:8 33:1 37:9 67:8
opened
42:15 58:9 59:16
nth
27:24 28:6 30:23
moving
59:3 opening
8:20,22,23 52:22 53:1
number
45:19
mr.p
29:2 57:24
opinion
30:20
numbers
21:19
mp
9:17 14:5 33:21 54:19
oral
58:19
n
name 34:24 43:21 47:6 48:22
named 15:13
natural 1114
naudible 48:1
nd 34:20
ne 38:23
necessarily 20:11
necessary 1612 66 2
need
6
6 65:25 66:25
51:5 order
2213 20 organized
13:3
object
ou
27:1 57:17 61:2 65:18 67:6 12:22
67:9
ough
objection
16:3
9:1 14:9,12 20:3,6 24:3,5 ought
26:14 29:1 34:6 36:8,14
15:25
46:20 51:20 59:13,14,19,21 ouldn't
objections
66:7
22:24 23:13,16,17 26:4 outside
36:5 44:1
31:20,24 32:2
obliteratd
ovens
15:14
45:9
observations
overall
64:6
56:25 57:1
9:3 14:25 30:19 33:25
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons MgrOcc Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015718
[overed - pfj]
overed
pcbs
played
principally
23:19
1:162:163:1 4:2,145:11
3:15 9:7 64:6
61:25
overruled
6:9,98:8,15 11:16 13:10,14 please
print
27:5,13,13 34:7 65:24
13:17 16:11,19,25 17:10,15 15:8 30:14 35:12 44:9
36:17
67:10
17:24 18:3,5,12 19:5 23:5 pleasure
printed
P
24:23 25:12 26:24 27:22
38:17
25:20,23 51:24
page
31:1,9,11,13,19 34:24 37:4 plement
prior
10:10,22 13:3 14:19 23:3 37:10,20,22,25 38:22 39:5
39:17 50:9,20 51:13 54:8
21:16
55:1 57:6 58:10 61:1 62:7 point
18:19 25:16 26:8,25 27:22 29:4
39:6,23 40:14 43:10 44:5 44:13,25 47:9 48:13 54:5
63:9 64:8,21 65:2,8,17 66:6 9:10 16:16 26:1 27:14 32:6 probably
66:12,18 67:13
60:2
49:1 50:15 52:9,14
54:20 57:10 58:1,3 63:20 pcfj
pointed
problem
pageorge 1:3
56:23 peak
20:23 34:2 polychlorinated
8:7 15:23 33:22 37:17 42:10 44:10 66:15 67:13
pages
57:5,5
11:10 56:15 63:23 64:4 problems
49:23
ped
pool
44:11 67:15
pagefj
39:18
64:2,4
procedures
10:9
people
popped
13:16
papageorge
13:10 19:20 20:1026:19
65:16
proceed
1:1 2:11 10:7,11 16:9 18:19 percent
pors
16:7 24:1,1229:17 36:15
19:17 26:23 27:18,24 30:20 56:15
45:3
43:2 48:4 56:2,3 58:24
40:14 50:6,17 51:19 54:23 period
portion
61:11
56:7
25:1039:1645:5 61:14
48:14,15
product
paragraph
personal
Portuguese
9:20,23 21:17 23:1 37:7
10:17,19 12:1
46:13
38:11
41:2 57:3 66:5
paragraphs
personally
possibility
production
46:7
47:5 48:23,25 52:2 60:13
51:12
11:22 65:2,6,8
pardon 27:1
pes 8:15
potential 54:2
products 11:16 20:25 21:1 22:4
part
phenyls
pounds
34:23 36:22 57:4 64:1,5,21
11:21 23:19 48:4 partial
64:4 pick
58:5 practical
profit 57:15 66:25,25
23:25 participate
61:23 62:19 63:8
67:18 piece
16:1521:5
29:4 practice
51:24
profitability 56:21
profits
particular
pipe
precautions
57:12
10:9 35:21
32:23
11:24 46:14 54:8
program
particularly 63:20,22 64:3
piped 32:4
precisely 15:16
32:16,1765:13 prolonged
partment
placed
precluded
30:6,7 44:14 45:5
41:7
22:4 26:24 37:1
64:9
prominent
passed
plaintiffs
preference
64:7
17:4 18:1 61:13 path
19:1726:12 plaintiff's
38:14 preparation
promulgation 64:7
1:3
10:8,22
48:10
pronounce
paul 62:14,25 63:8
plan 67:18
prepared 29:15 34:22 35:24 36:21
63:24 proper
pbs 53:19
pcb
plant 26:9,13,25 27:11,20,24 28:6 30:22,23 31:2,11,22
37:2 41:5 49:10,22 presence
64:24
13:17 proposed
64:9
9:8,23 12:23,25 15:23 18:22 19:1 22:4 24:20 27:7
31:24 32:2,4 33:7 45:10 plants
pretty 12:14
provide 33:5
28:3 32:10 34:17,23 40:23 41:6 51:4 56:11,13,18,22 57:7,22 58:20 65:6
11:14 31:14 32:13,21 36:23 prevent
plasticizers
21:6 45:18
58:6 principal
providing 12:23
32:24
63:21
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons MgrOcc Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015719
[publication - safe]
publication
read
regulation^
52:25
1:24 9:6 10:17,20,20 11:7,8 63:12
published
11:8,12,12,17,20,23,23,25 relate
3:3 12:12,15 14:2,3,5,16 19:18 23:5
pumped
19:20 20:10,23 21:3,4 22:6 relates
32:1 30:3 33:16,18,20,21 35:16 59:14
purchased
37:10,16 38:16,20 41:24 relating
21:1 43:5,8,8 44:6,8,21,22 45:22 67:12
pure
46:15 48:15 50:14 62:10,24 relative
29:1 34:6
63:20
11:15
purpose
readable
relevance
33:4
38:7,8,16
59:21
pursuant
reading
rely
18:10,1023:16
58:3
36:7 60:25 61:6
put real remaining
10:6 18:14 20:9 25:2,23
23:23
19:9
27:12 30:21 32:7,9,17,20 really
remember
34:17 36:22 38:19 53:8
38:5 53:22
1:9,12 10:16 11:9 57:24
60:12
reason
61:16
puts
32:24 60:7,8,23,24
remove
67:7 recall
30:8
putting
11:5 57:1 65:7
removed
19:19 20:8,19 33:4
receive
44:16
q 51:15 52:4 receives
repeated 50:9,20 51:5
4'8 question
63:3 recollection
rephrase 20:2
818 1010 19 25 26 23 27:4 48:4 50:14 53:22
11:6 recommendation
replaced 28:9 55:11
54:22 56:13 57:11,14,18,21 58:19 65:22 66:9,13 67:4,7 67:8,11
16:17,24 34:16 recommended
11:25 18:22
replacement 37:15 39:11
report
questions 1:5 10:17 13:21 23:23 31:4
record
5:8 7:20
1:24 2:6 9:6,25 10:17 12:12 reporter
54:23 55:4 56:8,8 quick
14:5 21:21 22:6 33:13 reference
14:25 50:17,23,25 reports
23:23
49:19
2:17 4:17 8:5 59:22,24
quite 66:10
referred 15:1853:13
referring
representative 12:22 22:3
representatives
r 8:21
52:3
rabbits
refers
represents
6:3,4,13 7:5,7,9,11
48:9,9
13:11 58:7
railroad
refined
request
31:17,18,20,21
26:10
40:15
ran
regard
required
59:11
20:19 23:23 31:12 54:25
44:18
range
regarding
researcher
45:11
66:1
43:24
rare
regulate
researchers
11:23
63:9
12:24 13:14
rat
regulation
reserve
6:2 7:3
64:8
9:22 14:16 23:21,24 29:8
rats
regulations
resist
6:3,10 7:3
18:11 61:15 62:2,21 64:9
58:12
64:16
resistant 46:2
respect 26:18
respected 57:3
respirator 45:20
respond 23:15
response 26:6
responsible 64:15
rest 9:21 11:24
results 2:17
retired 61:3
review 2:1221:23 40:15
reviewed 12:21
revised 42:5
right 1:1 8:10,25 14:13 19:10 22:11 23:9 24:11 26:3 30:1531:1040:11 45:16 47:9 53:7 56:1,7,9 58:2,25 59:12 63:6 65:13 66:23
risks 16:12
role 3:15 64:7
room 45:19
roughly 59:1
rporation 37:2
ruling 9:12,22 10:2 14:16 23:24 52:20
run 12:19
runs 13:6
ruth 26:21
s
safe 39:21,25 41:3,6 46:8 49:23 50:6,18
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons MgrOcc Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015720
[safely - summer]
safely
September
sold
21:17
2:20 16:22
23:5 57:4 67:14,15
safety
sequence
somebody's
21:16 44:17 54:7
16:9
66:20
sales
set
somewhat
39:18 56:22,23,25 57:1,6,7 65:12
38:16
57:12,13,16,19,22 58:7 seven
soon
65:17 66:21
17:20 38:1 39:21,22
16:25 19:1
salesman
sexes
sorry
52:2 7:23 5:20 22:17 25:6 35:13
samples
shipments
sought
3:16 12:24 13:10,13
27:20
63:11 64:15
sampling
shipped
Spanish
44:16
26:8 27:7 31:13 36:22
38:11
satisfactory
short
speak
46:8
45:21
36:14 38:11
save
show
special
26:15
34:7 43:12 44:9 52:23
44:18
saw
60:17
specific
19:1727:1932:1
showed
14:9
says
60:14
specifications
36:17 37:16 42:5 44:13,24 showing
37:3
50:3 54:13 63:22
38:10 44:1
speculate
scale
shown
60:5
54:23
24:8 40:1 47:8,25
speculation
scattered
significant
19:22 27:2 29:2 34:6 49:8
64:6
56:24 57:2
60:21
scientific
simple
speed
3:10,17,22 59:23
11:24 46:12 56:13 57:22
9:20 42:11,14
scientifically
simply
spelled
63:18
11:11
63:25
scientists
sir
sponsored
11:10 12:6
1:2 2:24 5:16 7:4 17:16
3:20 4:5
scribed
20:1 27:5 28:1 31:25 36:5 stack
21:7 40:2 43:25 55:2 56:2,10,14 13:8
second
57:1,20,24 58:24 59:8 60:2 stamp
23:3 37:10,20,21,25 39:6
60:13 61:11,22 62:3,5,22
54:4
39:22 45:8 54:20
63:13 64:13,17 65:25 66:8 stand
section
skin
36:14
41:5 44:25 50:7,18
6:4,13 7:5,7 21:10,11 30:8 standard
seeing
30:8 44:7,13,14 50:3,10,24 35:7 49:20,20
20:22
50:25 54:14,14
standards
seek
skinny
63:18
65:5
40:12
standing
seen
skipping
18:10
30:16
10:1 start
sending
slim
12:9 39:13
13:13
21:4 started
sent
slope's
32:16 34:12,13
4:21,23 12:23 13:9,10,12
48:22
starts
24:20,24 26:25 28:3 30:22 smaller
12:11 30:4
39:17 65:23
38:7
state
sentence
soaked
15:4
11:8,12,21 44:7
30:10
stated
sentences
soap
18:13
10:1967:7
30:8
statement 25:20 34:12,15
statements 34:14
states 3:6 12:24
statute 19:1461:13,15
stayed 31:20 59:16
step 67:20
S[J 21:24 48:20
stick 25:23
stipulate 18:9 43:15 44:22
stipulated 49:25
stipulation 18:7
stop 16:19,25 17:14,17 19:4 20:23 45:8 67:17
stopped 25:13 66:14
stop|) 39:18
strike 27:8 33:1 37:9 48:3
studies 1:8,10,13,14 2:16,20,25,25 3:3,5,8,9,12,13,18 4:2,5,8 4:11,14,21 5:3,9 6:2,12,13 7:22 8:24 9:8,8,9 59:25 60:11,15,18,25 61:7 67:12
study 3:22,25 7:2 60:1
studying 12:25
subject 43:9 56:21 58:9 64:18
substance 18:11
substitute 17:1 19:2 56:12
suggested 46:14
suggests 54:16
summary 15:2 19:23
summer 34:10 35:25
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons MgrOcc Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015721
[supplied - ty|a]
supplied 1:20 21:21
supply 3:15 66:19
supfi 21:16
sure 12:14 14:24 15:1923:13 24:14 26:16 41:20 57:11 58:2
suspicion 43:1 66:20
sustain 19:24 59:21
sustained 20:2,16 33:2 60:20 61:5
Swedish 11:9
swer 34:11
swimming 64:2
switch 51:8
symptoms 21:7,12
synthesis 64:6
system 29:4
systemic 51:6
t
tab 41:17
taken 60:1
talk 21:1241:14
talked 16:6 56:21
talking 1:14 14:18 56:11 57:12 61:1 65:8 66:24
talks 4R-1 fi
tank 31:12,13,17,18,19,20 32:7 32:10,11,18,20 33:4,6,6,9 4416
tanks 3210
1610 technology
66:3
tell
things
toured
23:10 25:1 27:3 36:25
9:20 38:19 42:11,14 43:8
31:23
43:13 56:17
think
town
telling
1:4,6 2:3 4:20 8:12,23 9:10 65:11
29:4 64:14
12:4,7,12,17,20 13:4 14:11 toxic
temperatures
14:22 15:15,22,25 18:14
11:11,16,22 18:11 51:6
45:6 51:5
19:19 20:8 22:20 23:18 toxicity
ten 25:6 26:9,10 27:4 30:1 31:3 1:13,142:34:8 11:1345:4
56:3 34:10,20 36:12 37:12 38:18 50:6,18
tends
39:10 40:7,8 41:17 44:25 toxicological
21:2
45:10 46:22 47:2 49:13
59:22 60:10,15
term
50:15 52:19 54:5 56:23 toxicology
46:5 58:12
59:14,16,20 60:4 65:19
41:2,5 62:15
terphenyls
thinfi
track
65:9 24:3 1:4 58:2
tes
third
tracks
3:22
52:10 54:5,5
31:23
test
thirty
trade
2:17 7:19 8:5
11:21
34:23
tested
thos|)
trademark
7:23 8:8
2:17
46:4
testified
thought
transformer
19:17 37:13 46:23 47:3
20:4 63:17
58:14,25
testimony
thousands
transformers
1:1 36:8 45:9,10 64:20
11:15
46:10 53:20 54:2,3
testing
three
treon
1:6 2:4
9:22 49:1 50:12 59:4 62:7 4:6,17,21 59:24
tests
65:25
trial
1:72:178:149:15
thrfj
1:1 29:19
th 16:3 true
1:13,24 4:19 5:4,15 6:21 thfi
11:11,1931:22 58:1065:14
7:8 9:8,17 10:17 11:2,11,20 36:10 37:11 60:15
truly
12:13 13:7 14:9,17 15:11 time
66:4
15:21 16:20 17:15 20:6,16 16:16 21:24 22:22 24:10 try
23:2,10 24:11 26:3 27:4,13 26:12,15 30:23 32:6 33:17 16:8 39:19 56:9 58:1
27:23 29:4,14 30:1,10
34:1,13 36:9 39:16 45:5,13 trying
31:12 32:8,17 33:2,11 34:3 60:2,22 61:14 63:19 64:10 56:17,18
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Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons MgrOcc Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015722
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44:17
Papageorge, William P.E. (fmr Mons MgrOcc Hlth) in G. BROWN (3)
WATER PCB-SD0000015723