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(FMQ) ws AFLAS are considerably more resistant to strong alkali and amines than 10.2.8.6 Steam Resistance pounds based on AFLAS and particularly on KALREZ surpass FKM in this respect [21p,. 431]. 10.2.9 Applications of FKMs 10: FLUOROELASTOMERS 193 of their high price, fluorocarbon elastomers are used in special applications with very high demands on high-temperature resistance and resistance to corrosive chemicals and hot oils. These are most widely used in molded and extruded products, mainly gaskets, used in the aircraft, aerospace and automotive industries, hoses, membrancs, ubber-covered oll, fabrics, and flame-resistant coatings on flammable substrates. Because of thei diciectric properties, they are used in electrical nsulations for low voltages and frequencies, when resistance to heat and agaressive chemicalsi required. Other applications include the food industry, binders for solid rocket fuels, and expanded (foamed) rubber. In the latex form, FKM can be used for coated fabrics and as a binder for fibrous materials. Typical current applications are listed in the following sections. 102.9.1 Typical Automotive Applications Below are examples of automotive applications + Valve stem and valveseals (Figure 10.8) + Shaft seals + Transmission seals ++ EWnagtienrepuhmepad ggaasskkeettss + Seals or exhaust gas and pollution control equipment + Bellows for trbo-charger lubricating circuits + Fuck-handling systemsincludingdiaphragms for fuel pumps (see Figures 10.9 and 10.10), fuel hose or fuel hose liner, inject or nozzle seals, needle valves, filer casing gaskets, + Sfupeelesdhoumteotffervcaalvbelse, cseaarlbsuretor parts 1029.2 Typical Aerospace and Military Applications Examplesofacrospace and military applications are: Shalt seals ++ OHyrdirnagulsiecalhsosinejet engines (Figure 10.11) + Owring sels in fue, lubricant, and hydraulic systems. + Fuel tanks and fuel tank bladders + Manifold gaskets + Lubricating systems