Document dQ64XrnVONq4rwQ2yJm8XZBkB

FILE NAME: AT&T and other Phone Companies (ATT) DATE: 1964 DOC#: ATT014 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Employee Reference Manual - Western Electric and the Bell System H. G. MEHLHOUSE VICK PR ESID E N T Western Electric Company I N C O R P O R A T E D Personnel and Public Relations Division 1 95 Broadway, New Yo rk 7. N. Y, Area Co d e 2t2 5 7I-2A 37 TO ALL MANAGEMENT EMPLOYEES J "Western Electric And The Bell System" has been published to provide reference material for employees entering supervisory, engineering and other management positions. It3 purpose i3 to bring together, under a single source, j significant information about our business that might not otherwise be clarified during the early stages of a manager's career. It is my view that employees embarking j on such careers should develop a thorough knowledge of the Company as a sound foundation for directing their own ,i activities and to better represent the Company to other j employees, to their community, to friends or professional associates and, as the occasion arises, to the general ] \ public. :j I feel that, as incumbents in like positions, you will want to have your own copy. I hope it will aid you in helping others to understand and appreciate the role of Western Electric in the Bell System. j Att. IANUFA CTU RING AND SU PPLY UNIT OP THE BELL SYSTEM SC-PHONE-1200 Western Electric and the Bell System (J) A SURVEY OP SERVICE Bdited B y Albert B. Iardella Published by Western Electric Company, 195 Broadway, New York, N. Y. WESTERN ELECTRIC AND THE BELL SYSTEM A SURVEY OF SERVICE 1984 Western Electric Company, Incorporated Printed in U.SA TABLE OF CONTENTS I The Bell System --A Concept in Aetion, page I PAR T ONE: O U R BELL S Y S T E M "P A R T N E R S " II American Telephone and Telegraph Company, page 7 III Bell Telephone Laboratories, page 17 IV The Bell Telephone Companies, page 21 PART TWO: W ESTERN ELECTRIC V History of Western Electric, page 27 VI Structure of Western Electric, page 43 VII The Nine Divisions, page 49 VIII Principal Subsidiaries of Western Electric, page 81 PART THREE: SPECIFICS OF SERVICE IX Communications Services and Products, page 91 Afterword: The Future, page 105 Appendix: The "Consent Decree," page 107 Preface Tenhtiesribnogomk aisnaingteemndeendt pporsimitiaornisly, afnodr WhaessatesrintsEpluercptroiscemtheenparnedsewntoamtioenn othfeinWfoermsteartnionEltehcattricwiCllocmopnatrniyburteeprteoseantcsleaanr dunwdhearts,taitndisinsgeeokfinwgbtaot accomplish. Tmhaetiobnoockonhcaesrnbienegnthdeesifgonuenddattoiopnrso,voidbejecaticvoens,veanciheinetvesmouernctes oafndinfoopr ethraeticoonms poafnWy easntedrneaEclhecotfricit.sIpt aisrthsocpoendtrtihbauttethtios sthurevefuylfwilillml sehnot wofhoouwr two major goals: f(a1s)terA, smsiostriengretlhiaebBleelalnSdymsteomre tvoerbsraitnilge icnotommbeuinnigcaitniocrnesa,sainngdly better, a(c2t)iviAtiiedsi.ng the United States Government in its defense and space vii Tli B e ll S y s te m -- I a Concept in Action that Tthheeitnevleepnhtioonneisislessosbthasainc aa cceonntvuernyieonldce. Itnodtahyisibt riisehfasrpdantoorfetaimlizee, tsheervBiceel"l iSnytsoteamrhelaisabglreowanndfrvoemrsaatnileimreaagliintyatiwvehiccohnpceropvtiodfes"uAnimveerrsicaal withAthllethfiinsehstascocmommeunaicbaotuiotnassinthethereswuoltrldo.f the integrated and co qoupearliattyivaendeffinorctrseaosfe tthhee BvaerllieStyysotfemcomunmitusncicoantsiotannstlsyertvoiceims porfofevreedthtoe BtheellpSuybsltiecm. ,Itanisdtihnerceoalniczienpgt tohfissecrovnicceeptot, WtheespteurbnliEclwechtircichhuansifpielasytehde a leaGdirnogwptha,rtto help the Bell System meet the growing need for com fmournthiceamtioonrse tshearvnic8e2s,yehaarss tbheeencoamcpoannystahnats fbaecetnoraimn eWmebsetreronf tEhleecBtreilcl WSyestsetmer.nTEhelecdtertiacilshaosf tchoisntginruoawltlyh, creitdeedfilnaetderrienspthoinssibboiloikti,esshoawndhorew pforocuvsidedinegfftohretsBtoellaTcheileevpehomnoerecoemffepcatnivieescwonitchenthtreatmioenanosn witshemreabiny geoaaclh: citanserovfefesr. new, improved and expanded communications to the public succeAsss tohfe tBheellBSeylslteTmelheapshognroewcnominpsaenriveiscei,nitshuapsplgyrionwgnrienliasibzlee. Tanhde vdeurcstaiotinleocfonmemwuntyicpaetsioonfs caotmremausonnicaabtiloencso. sAt shaTshreeosduoltreedNin. Vthaeil i--nttrhoe mmaannywyheoarcsoangcoei,v"eTdhoefBthelel BSeylslteSmysitsemstraosnag nbaetciaounsweidweenaertewaolrlkti--edsauipd togetChuerr;ioaunsdly,thtehesuBcceellssSoyfsteomne'sisdethdeicreatfioorne tthoesceorvnicceernhaosf taelnl.d"ed in 1 eseffrevcictetoisdsiosgreuliisaebtlheethcaotmmpolsetxpiteyoopflethtaekjeoibt fionvr oglrvaendt.edT.oTdhaeystueblespchriobneer ethxepeccatlsl tios arceraocshs tthhee toonwenheorisacdrioaslsintgheincoaumntarytt.eIrtoifs sdeocuobntdfsulwihf emthoesrt pcaepoapbleleaoref haawnadrleintghatwt otheanBdeollnSe-yhsatelfmm'silnlaiotino-nbwilliidoen ninettewr-ocroknmneucstitobnes twoiltihnkalelatchhe oofththeers.more than 80 million telephones in the United States The nation-wide Bell System network, which has been described aast tAhTe&laTr,geBsetlcl oTmelpeuptheornine tLhaebwoorartlodr,iiesst,hWe reesstuerltnoEf tleeacmtriwc,oarkndbythpeeoBpellel TanedlepBheolnl eLacboomraptaonriieess. eCnlgoisneeecrosohpaesratrieosnultbeedtwienentheWiensttreordnucEtiloecntroicf rceoluantitolenssshicposmbmetwuneiecnatiWonessteprrnodEulcetcstraicndansderevaiccheso. fStihmeiloaprleyr,attihneg ccolomse panieEsveidmebnocdeyofathspisirtietaomf wunoirtkedisseevrevriycewthoerteh.eNpautbiolinc-.wide Direct Dis ptahnocneeDaniadlitnhge itselaeptrhiobnuetesettos fito,rNtoeuwchte-lteopnh^oneseprvroicdeurcetssullitkferotmheitP. aTnheel hisabreisttoofretedaminwtohrekwacackoeuonftshfuorrrtichaensepeoerdflwooitdh. wBhuitc,hfaterleapnhdoanwe asyer,vtihcee minotshteimdapyo-rttoa-ndtaiyf loepasetrastpioecntaocfutlhaer ebvuisdiennecsess. IotfitseatmhewroerlkiacbailnitbyeoffoBuneldl jSuysstitfeimesctohme mmuonttiocautisoends ians mmuanchy aWs tehseteirrnveErsleactitlriitcy aanddvefrlteixsiebmileitnytsw:hWiche workNboesstinbgelceaoursgeawniezawtioornk ctohgaertthceorv. ers the entire Bell System. From panenodregnatniczoartpioonrastteanednpteoripnrti,see.acEhaBchellhTaseleitpshoownen cBomoaprdanyofisDairnecintodres, rthesepseoncsoimblpeafnoiresdicroemcteinpgriemacahrilcyofmropmanyst'oscakffoaiwrsn.eArsTh&ipTa'snrdeltahteiovnosicweitihn tehveerayffsatiorcskohfotldhiengcoirnptoerreastito. nThthearet naaretuaralslolyimanpdorlteagnatllcyoinstreaxctteunadlerdeltao tpiaonnys,bAeTtw&eTe,nbaesaecdhoonftthheeaagsrseoecmiaetnetds wcoimthptahneieosriganindaltlhoecaplacroemntpacnoimes licensing the use of the Bell patents.1 ElectSriimc --ilawrlyh,icthhelikmeawniusefacetxuisrtisngasanad dsiustpipnlcyt coorgrpaonriaztaetioonrg--anWizeasttieornn, 1pWanhieesn, thmeanneywocfomthpeasneieloscaaslsucmomedptahneiecsonmtrearcgteudalionbtoligtahteionpsreosfetnhte aosrsigoicniaatleldicecnosmee scoommepacnasieess,winithmnoeswt claicseensswe citohnoturatcatsppsirmeciilaabr ilyn fcohramn.ging the original agreements, in 2 hobasligsautpiopnlys tocotnhtermac.tsInwthitehsathmee awsasoyc, iBateelldTceolempphaonnieesLathbaotradtoerfiienseisitas distinct corporate organization. Each differs from an operating company uintiltihtya.t it is entirely functional rather than territorial and is not a public innovTahtieonB.eTlloSseyesthemowisth, ethsetrruefcoturere, haapsrgordouwcnt soofthevaot laultliuonnitasscowmelblinaes tEhleeicrtreicffoarntsd ftohretBheellcoSmysmteomn ogpoeanl sowf istehrvaiche,istthoirsy saunrdvedyesocfriWptieosnteronf AfuTn&ctTio.nAs fatreer dtehsicsrirbeevdieawndotfhethnethpoasereonftthceomBeplalnTye,leBphelolnLeacboomrpataonriieess. 3 n T h e A m erican T elep h on e and Telegraph Com pany CORPORATE DEVELOPMENT OF AT&T Bell Icdoenacseiavreedetlhuseivpeo.ssItibiislithyarodf ttoransasymijtutsint gwihnetnellAigliebxlaensdpeereGchraohvamer wadirveasn. cIet disteoasseieerktotoppinroptoeicntt itthbeydaptaetewnht.enOBn eMll afreclthh6is,1w8o7r6khfearaenndoutwgho PbaacteknetrsA, sTshoocmiataisonS.aTnhdeerfsolalnodwiGngarddaiyn,erthGe.UHnuitbebdarSdt,atfeosrmPaetdentht eOfBfieclel aisnssuwederptoatBenetll'nsuamppbleicra1ti7o4n,4. 6T5h,iscaplaletedn"ticmopnrtoavineemdesnpteicnifitcealetigornaspfhoyr"thine hteelledpfhoounrefuinnsdtraummeenntta.lBpayteJanntsuaarnyd3w0a,1s8re7a7d, ythteo BmealrlkPeatttehnetnAeswsodceiavtiicoen. TInelJeuplhyo, nien CBoomstpoann,yt,hGe afridrsitneterlGep.hHounbebcaordm,pTarnuystweea.s" Tfohremneadmaeso"fBthelel icnomthpoasneydsaeyesm, psaartbicituplaerclyuliinarNtoedwayEbngultatnhde. trustee system was common formTtoelsepprheoande tchoemupsaenioefstthoe ainnyveancticorne,diHteudbobragradniozfafteiroend tlhicaetnwseosutlod agreeAtbooufitntahnecesaamnedtcimoned, uScatnsduecrshiantberuessinteedssa. group of Massachusetts aNnedwREhnogdleanIsdlaTnedlefpinhaonnceieCrsoimnptahneyte(lnepoht ocnoen.nTechtiesdgwroiuthp tfhoermperdestehnet NtoebwuyEnthgelairndtelTeeplheopnheosnefroamndthTeelBegerlal pChomCopmanpyanayn)d atondleaagseretehdembottoh ltihneeisr sbuebtwscereibnertsh.eTirhteertrwitoorcieosm. panies also agreed to provide connecting panyTthoelesauscecetessleopfhtohneevseinnttuhree rleedsttohfetBheelclogurnoturpy.toThfoertmruasnteoethaerrracnogme ment was ended and a Massachusetts corporation was formed as the 7 BEnelgllaTnedleCphoomnpeanCyofmorpathneyi.r PstaatteenstanridghtotsthweeBreellaTsseiglenpehdontoe CthoempNaenwy for the rest of the country. However, within a year the two companies hhaadd hmeeardgqeudarttoerfsorinmBtohsetoNnabtiuotnuanl lBikeellitTseplreepdheocneessoCrosmItpawnays. tIhte, tfoiros,t telepOhonneMcaorcmhpa2n0,y1t8o8a0c, hthieeveBaelnlyinrteearlesptrsomfoirnmenedcet.he American Bell Tofel$e1p0h,0o0n0e,0C00o,minparneysp, oanMseatsosatchheunseetetsdcfoorrpmoroarteiocnapwiitathl.aBcyapthitealaizrtaictiloens ocofminpcaonripeos.raIttiwona,stahbisouctotmhipsatnimy ewthasatpsetormckitotewdnetorshoiwpnbesgtoancktoinsporethaedr. IthneDfiercsetmdibveird,e1n8d8--0 $th3e.0r0e awsehrear5e4--0 wshaasredheoclladreerds.. On January 1, 1881, By 1881 a clear policy of licensing had been established. The parent ccoonmnpeacntiyngfulrinnkisshbeedtwtheeentetleerprhitoonrieess asnodasrettoaifnoerdmtihneterricgohmt mtounpircoavtiindge stoyscteomnfsi.rmEvinegnttuearlrliytotrhiaelseriglihcetsn,seinscbluedcaemd ethpeerrimghant etontpaanrdti,ciinpaatdediintioanll fruittourriealincvoemnptiaonnisesaspwaiedllreasnttahlosteo etxhiestpinagreanttdcioemtipmaen.yEaancdh tohfedpiearteenrt ccoommppaannyy wacaqsureirperdesseunbtsetdanintiaelachholadsinagsstoicnkhthoeldseer.coGmrapdaunaiellsyathseapraerseunltt of prTovhiedriengwfeirneanncoiwal aasbsoisuttan3c0e0ftoerleepxhpoannseiocno.mpanies operating under Afomr earicciatyn.BEealclhTeolpeeprhaotende fCaoirmlypainndyelpiecnendseenst.lyM, awniythhoeultdthliecebnesnesefoitnolyf kthneorweiwngashoawdsainmgielrarthparotbqleumalsityhasdtabnedeanrdssolwveodulidn voathryerflroocmatipolnasceantdo pthlaacte.it Mcooureldovienrc, rtehaesegirnowsienrgvicpeopgurleaardityy tohfrothueghteilnetpehrcoonneniencdtiiocnateodf exchanges. W ESTERN ELECTRIC ENTERS THE BELL SYSTEM sourcWe feosrtecronmEplaetcitbrliec'tseleenpthryonienteoquthipemBeenllt oSfyhstiegmh qinua1li8t8y2. Ipnro1v8i8d5etdhea YAomrkeri(caasnaTseulbespihdoianrey' aonfdAmTeelreicgarnapBhelCl)omtopabnuyildwtahse floinrmesedneeindeNdetwo c.o.n.newcitththeonsecaottrermedoreexpchoainntgsesin"ienaecahchanadndeveevreyryocthiteyr, tcoiwtyn, ,toowr pnl,acoer place .. . of the United States, and in Canada, and Mexico . . . and also by cable and other appropriate means with the rest of the world." -- 8 eosfsAenTt&iaTll.y the functi<#i now performed by the Long Lines Department eral Tmhainsawgaesr tohfetghoealAams esrtaictaend bByelTl hTeeoldepohreonNe. VCaoiml,paatntyh,atatnidmesugbesne qreusepnotnlysibfilrestfoprretshiedecnotnocefpAtiTo&nTa.ndMroeraelitzhaatinonanoyf oththeeBr emllaSn,ysVteamil nweats wwohrok.shHairseednhthisuseiansthmuseivaosmke;doathperresdpicrtaaibseledrhesispovnissieo.nTahnedrelweteriet gsoomaet that;AatndthmeiarnaynontuhaelrsmseheotoinkgthienirMheaarcdhs,in19p0r0a,ctAicmalerdiicsabneliBefe.ll stock AhomldeerricsavnoBteedlltocomnavkeeyeAdTi&tsTasthseetscetontAraTl&orTg,awnihziacthiosnerovfetdheasBtehlleScyosoterdmi. onpateorartioofnaoctfivinittieerscoanmnoencgtintgheneotpweorraktsin. g companies and also retained panieIsn i1n9to11s,taAteT-&wTidaenonroulanrcgeedr tietsrrpitloarnisaltounrietso.rg"Eanaiczhe aospsoercaiatitnegd ccoomm panandyid.e. n. twityil,l abnedcowmiethainn tahuetolnimomitsouosf wthheoglee,nweriathl pitosliocwy nanlodcaaul tchoonrtirtoyl, absolute on matters pertaining to or which affect only that territory," SthyesteAmT&oTpearantniounasl troedpaoyr.t stated. This policy continues to guide Bell nectiIonn DoefcBemellbeSry,s1te9m13,linAeTs&tTo athgereneudmtoeropurosviinddeelpoenngdednisttatenlceephcoonne sTyhsitsemarsrawnhgiecmh ehnatdcdoenvterilboupteeddatfoterthtehedeexvpeilroaptmioenntofotfhtehBe eellntPiraetetnetlse.2 pthheoBneelilnSdyusstetrmy'sinnathtieonU-wniitdeednSettwateosrkatnhdatiteaischbeocfaAumseeorifcath'sistealecpchesosnetos may be connected to all the others. REGULATORY AGENCIES GoveArsnmeaernlyt vaesst1e9d1c0e,rbtayinmienatenrsstoaftethteeleMphaonnne-EtIokllinrasteAacut,ththoreitFyeidnetrhael Icnetdeerdstabtye tChoemFmedeercrealCCoommmmisusnioicna.tIionn1s9C34o,mthmisiscsioomnm, wishsiiocnh whaads sburpoeardrthegeuilnatteorrsytaatuethraotreistyaannddswerhviicchescoofnttihneueBsetloldSayystaesmt.hIenboadddyitrieognu,lasitnincge almost the beginning of the century, state regulatory bodies, usually m"Tehnet/tearmlesttoefr tthoethaegrUee.Sm. eAntttoarrneecyoGnteanienreadl dinattehdeDsoec-ceamllbeedr "1K3,in1g9sb1u3raynCdosmigmneitd lbeytteNra, tAhTa&n TCa. nKnionugnscbeudryit,saitnttehnattiotnimofe dviiscpeospinregsiodfesnutchofteAleTg&raTp.hEsltsoecwkhaesreit ionwntheids caonmdpnaontieeds. that the company would not acquire any more competing telephone 9 cstaaltleedrPatuebsliacnSdersveircveicCeosmomf itseslieopnhsoonrethceolmikpea,nhiaevs.e rIenguTleaxteads trhaeteisntarrae regulBaotetdh bFyedvearraioluasncditystbaotedireesg. ulatory bodies exercise direct control oavnedritnhdeiareccctoucnotnitnrgo,lroafteWs aensdtesrenrvEicleesctorfictshepBricelelsTaenledphporonfeitsc.ompanies AT&T's role: in the bell sy ste m temsTphaereAnmt oerrgicaannizTateiloenp,haocntseaasnadnToepleergartainpghuCnoitmapnadnya,sethrveicBeegllroSuyps. sBeeefmorseweixseamtoinminagkethtwe oapctoivinittisecsotnhceesrenifnugntchtieonusseroeqf uwiorerd, sh.owever, it serviFceirsrat tohferaltlh, atnheatsehrmarp`l'ByedllefSinyesdtemen"tirtyef.eIrtsims raainthlyertolikae cthoencBerpittisohf pCroomvimdeosnwcoemalmthu, naincdatiaolnisttlseerlvikiceeDs itxhireoiunghthitshereascpteiocnt sTahnedBoelpleSraytsitoenms oUfstehoefBthelel Tteerlmep"hBoenlel Scoysmtepman"ieissaancdonAvTen&ieTn'sceLotongsuLgigneesst Dtheepcaortmmmenotn. ptourtphoeseopaenrdatsihoanr,edgrroewsptohn, sainbidlitiymopfrtohveemvaerniotuosfcothmepwanhioesleconnattiroibnuwtiindge netwNorokteaanldsoththeaitntteerrmnastidoennaolticnognnpeacrttsinogfltihneksc.orporate structure vary f"rDoimviscioomn"paisnyustoedcotmo pidaneyn.tifIyn WbaesiscterfnunEclteiocntrsics,ufcohr eaxsammapnleu,ftahcetuwrionrgd, uensegdinfeoerritnhgisapnudrploesgea.l.WInithAtTh&isTi,nhmowinedv,elre,ttuhse lwoookrdat"tDheepraerltamtioennst"hiips opfanAyT's&sTtrutcotuorteh.er Bell System members and also examine the com aspecAtsT.&Ts basic relationship to other units of the Bell System has five m1.enAt,T&seTrvoiwcenss, 9a9n.8d2 spueprpclieenst othfaWt eWsteesrnterEnleEctlreicctrsitcockfu.rTnihseheesqutihpe obipleitrya,titnhgeiurnrietsliaobfiltihtye,BuenlilfoSrymstehmigahrequcahlairtayctaenrdizeredabsoyntahbelier ccoosmtpati 2e.rnAETl&ecTtrsihc.areBseollwTneerlsehpihpoonfeBLelalbToerlaetpohrioense cLaarrbioesratoonrieasnwiitnhteWnseisvte pcoromgmraumnicoaftiobnassiceqrueispemarecnht.aTndhisdeevqeuloippms epnrto, twothyepne mdeasnigunfasctfuorredneiwn vtoolfuumrneistoh uthneifiorrsmubsstacnridbaerrdssw, eitnhabtoleps qthueal2i3tyBceollmTmeulenpichaotnioencsosmeprvaincieess. 3. Of the 23 Bell Telephone companies, 21 are majority-owned sub- 10 sidiaries of AT&T, which holds a substantial minority interest in the 4re.mTaoiniansgsistwt oin. and coordinate the activities of these operating com pfraonmiesi,tsATG&enTeuranldeDretapkaerstmvearnitosuswshtiucdhieasreanodf fSuyrnsitsehme-swviadreioaupspsleicrvatiicoens and which would therefore involve substantial duplication of effort if c5a. rrTiehde oLuotnigndLiivniedsuaDlleypabrytmtheentseopfaAraTt&eTcoinmtepracnoiensn.ects the local facili tteielesviinsitoonaprcoognrtainmesntaanldneatwvaorrike.tyTohfe ostahmere cnoemtwmournkiccaatrioriness aracrdoisos atnhde tnoat1io6n0.fLoroeniggnLcionuesntarilesos.provides the Bell System with overseas service The basic relationship between AT&T and the operating companies is deTfihneedtebrymth"leicleicnesnesceocnotnratrcatc"t.dates from the early days of the Bell USynsitveemrswalhseenrvlioccealrecsoumltspafnroiems waedrievifsiriostnliocfenressepdotnosuibsielitBieesll, tseolmepehofinlleesd. wbyhAerTe&aTndanhdowsotmhee bwyortkhecaanssboceiadtoendeobpeesrta.tTinogrceoimmbpuarnsieesAaTc&coTrdfoinrgthtoe psearyviocnese ipteprrocveindteosfutnhdeeirr othpeerlaictienngserecvoenntruaecst,(tehxecloupdeirnagtincegrtcaoimn pmainnieosr itemTs)h. e concept of teamwork which unites all units of the Bell System preosnueltnst iunniptrsa,cAtiTce&Tininacnuarrcitnivgeminatjeorrpelaxypeonfseacttoivaitsiseusrebythaellinthcreeacsoimng estfoficckie.nAcsy,thveergsoaatilliotfysearnvdiceutiislictyomomf othnetocaolml BpaenllieSsysitnemw"hpicahrtnietrso,w" nsos wshoarrkeedd rteosgpeotnhseirbitloityreailsiztehethemgeoaanls. whereby these companies have CORPORATE STRUCTURE rectoTrsh.eMbeamsibcerpsoolifcytheofBAoaTr&d Tareis edleecteterdmtioneodnebyyetahreteBrmosarbdy oAfTD&iT mshaayreovwarnye,rsacactoredaicnhg atonntuhael mbye-elatiwngs,. fTrhome nIuSmtboer19o,f wthiethsethdeireecxtoarcst onfutmhbeeBroaatradnaylsoonseertivmeseaessttahbeliCshheiedfbEyxethceutBivoeaOrdffiitcseerlfo.fTthhee Ccohmaiprmanayn. One or two other AT&T officials are also members of the Board. or edMuocasttioonf twhehodiarercetoortshearrweimseenunocfonnnaeticotneadl wreipthutathtieonBienll bSuyssinteemss. cTohme pBaonayrdin'stebramsisc orfespproesnesnibtioliptyeriastitoonassasnudrelosnogu-ntdermmapnlaagnes;mienngteonfertahle, 11 detailed technical aspects of operating die business are not of direct concTerontthoe tChehmie.f Executive Officer, however, they are of great concern. cAosmthpeantyopthmaatnisindmivaidneagdemfuennctt,iohnisaltlayskinistototwdoirebcatstihce oarcgtiavniitzieastioonfsa, the General Departments and Long Lines. THE GENERAL DEPARTMENTS largeTstheofGtheenseeradleDpaerptamrtemntesntasr,eeOmppelroaytioanbsouatnd3,0E0n0gipneeoeprlien.g.TIhne gtweno eGreanl,ertahleDoeppearratmtinegnt ceoxmceppatniinesmdaettaelrsdoirfecgtelynerwalithBetllheSyastpepmropporliiactye pwrheiscidhenatrse. referred to the AT&T president and his cabinet of vice Operating companies turn to the AT&T Engineering Department feoqruippemrfeonrmt aanndcesyasntdemcso.stThinisfodrmepaatirotmn eanntdseatdsvtieccehrneigcaalrdrienqguitryepmeesnotsf fpoerrfonremwanecqeuipombjeecnttivaensdfoslylostwemeds, bayndBeelsltaLbalibsohreastotrhiees oapnedratWionestaenrdn EEnlegcitnreiceriinngthceoiorrddienvaetelospomtheenrt Saynsdtemmaunnuiftasc--tuBrienlgl Lwaobrokr.aAtodrideist,ioWnaelslyt, eerqnuiEpmleecntrticanadndmeotpheordastinagndcommaipnatnaiienss--dainta tnheeedinetdrobdyucatinonopoefrantienwg cItomalpsaonyasstoistsdeotperemraitninegcocmompapraantiievse ocnostdseporfecailatetironnatimveattienrsst,alalantdionosn. proceTdhuereOspfeorratsitoundsieDs eopfatretlmepehnot ninecpluladnets, sreevveernauledsivainsidonesx,peeancshesi.nter elosctealdlyi.nTahsepseectifeinc,detsosepnatriaalllaeslpthecetdoefpparrotvmidenintaglcsotrmumctuunreicoaftitohnes oseprevriacte irnogutcinoemspfaonriepsu. tTtihnegPilnanatnDdimvisaiionnta,ifnoirngexaalml palpep, adreavtuelsopasndmeetqhuoidpsmaenndt wadivthisiensatnheopcoermatpianngiecsomonpathney'spujurcrihsadsiectiaonnd. uTsheisofDniveicseiossnarayddtoitoilosnaalnlyd voepheircalteisn.gTchoemTparanfifeisc tDoivimisipornovies smeravinicley adnedvorteedductoe tfhinedicnogstws aoyfspfroor viding it. Traffic measures are developed that operating companies ctiaonn,uTseraifnficaneaxlpylzoirnegs naenwd ionpteerraptrientginmg etrtahfofdicsraensdulftascailnidtietsr,enandds.pIrnovaidddeis weqauyispmbyenwt whiocuhldanbeostpesruaittinitgs pcuormpopsaensy. can determine what sort of operTathinegRcaotemDpainviiseisononwiwthaiynsAtoT&rTea'sliOzepetrhaetiownisdeDsetpparratcmtiecnatl audsveisoesf 12 tTehleephCoonmemseerrvciicaelsDthivriosuiognh hoevleprsalloptreeraattminegntcoomf praatneisesanedstarebgliuslhatigoonosd. relations with its existing customers through sound methods, practices daenmd apnrdosc.edures. In addition, it helps with estimates of future service Other divisions of the Operations Department advise operating cmoemnptaangieenscireesg,aarnddinpgresppaerceiaSl ycsotmemm-wunidiceaotipoenrsartienqguirreesmuletsnftsoroofpgeorvateirnng compAandieepsatrotmuesentinthiamt phraosvginrogwpnerifnorimmapnocreta.nce in recent years deals wveiltohpmMeanrkt,eStianlgesm, aanttderDs.aTtahiCsoumnmit uhnaiscatthiroenes dTirvaiisnioinngs,. MThaerkfeirtsitn,gMDaer kanetdinngeeDdesv,eplolapnmsepntr,odanuacltyszteos imnfeoertmtahtoiosen nreeleadtisn,gantod ctuhsetnomheerlpwsatnhtes oapnedraastisnisgtsctohmepoapneierastienvgalcuoamtepasanlieess rienssuelttsti.nTghuepSsaalleess Dpriovgisriaomnsa,dwvihsieles ttihoenToranindiantga Dciovmismiounndiceavteiolonpssftorarinoipnegramtiantgerciaolmapnadnpyroevnigdienseeinrsstrauncd markFeitninagncpiaelr,soacncnoeulnting and statistical experts staff the Departments rthepeoCrtoinmgpttrooltlheer sCoormgapntirzoallteiornanisdatrhraenTgirnegasfuorrert.emApporriamrye ffuunndctiinognfoofr oTpheeraDtienpgacrotmmepnatniaelssopeansdsiisntsg ftihnealocpaesrhataidnvganccoemspoafnoiense sinorttaoxr amnaotttheersr,. apnudblaicrraacncgoeusnttoanhtsa.vCeoemacphtrocollmerp'saanlysoafuudrintiesdheasnnaduvailclye banydinindfeoprmenadtieonnt tcoononpeecrtaetdinwgitchomLipcaennisees Creognatrradcint gcoasctsc,osuenptainragtioannsd aancdturaerviaelnumeadttievris sDioenpsa,rrtmateenctakseese,pasnodpearcactriunagl croatmespafnoiressearvbirceeaspteonfsifoancst.oTrshienfTlureeanscuinryg Bthealtl fSiynsatnecmingfi.nancing, as well as handling the many details related to compTahneyLceoguanlsDeleopnarmtmatetenrtsporofvgiedneesraalssBisetlalnScyesatenmd aindtveirceestt,oaonpderreaptirneg cseonmtsmtihsseioonpse. rOattihnegr cGoemnpearanlieDs ebpeafortrme ecnetrstaainssegsosvtehrenmSeynstteaml c'soduertaslianngds wfoirtmh uthlaetepuSbylsitce,mp-ewrsiodnenperloagnradmthsedreessigt noefdthtoe beunshiannecses cthoemrmeluantiiotyn,shanipd. tIhneiardwdiotirokn, ,anthdesseuruvneyitsotchoenrtianuutahlolyritcaotinvdeumctatneerwialsitnudoierdserretloatemdaktoe it avTaihlaebvleartiooutsheGeennteirrael SDyespteamrt.ments also receive in a steady stream 13 caoctpiiveistieosf preerptoinrtesnmt taodethbeiyr tihnteeroepste.raTthinisg mcoamtepriaanlieiss ecvoanlcueartneidngbylotchael aoppperraotpinrigatceomorpgaanniiezsattihoenmasneldveiss icnotomopvileerd-awllicthomsipmarilaatrivsetupdeirefsorbmyanthcee indexes for both the AT&T management and for operating companies to use in improving operational effectiveness. LONG LINES DEPARTM ENT interTcohnenepcutripnogsvearfiooruswihnitcrhastAaTte&tTelewpahsonoeriegxincahlalnygefosr--miesdthien r1e8s8p5on-- seiqbuiliiptymeonf tAcTa&blTes,LmonicgroLwianvees sDysetpemarstmanedntasTsohceiaetexdtenesqiuviepmswenittchthinagt cseormvipcreisaecrLososngtheLninaetsio' ninatnedrstaartoeunndettwhoerwk omrldak. eBsutpothsissibilseontellyepahpoanret o(Tf WtheXs)t,ortrya.nLsomnigtsLTiVnesanadlsorapdrioovpidroegsrtaemlestyfproemwrcitietyr etoxcchiatyngaendsecrvoiacset tporivcoataestlianleonteglewpihtohnceoadnedd tdealetag,ratpelhepfahcoitloitgiersa.phs and messages using it is oLrognagniLzianteiosnhaalslythaepaaurttoonfomATy&oTf a. nItospBeoraatridngofcoDmirpeacntoyres,veconntshiostuignhg oopf eArTat&ioTnvailcpeoplriecysidthenattsisanimd LploenmgeLnitneedsboypetrhaetinCghiheefadEsx,esceutttihvee gOefnfeicrearl throuLgohngthLeinoergsainsiozragtiaonnizsehdegaedoegdrabpyhhicisalloypaesraftoiounraalreaaids.eEs.ach of these areas --Eastern, Central, Southwestern and Western--has its own psiloannst,otfratfhfeic,LcoonmgmLeinrceisalh,eeandgqiunaeretreirnsginanNdeswtafYfoorrkgaCniityza.tions as exten and TthheerDeiastrreicatboofutC2o8l,u0m00biLao. nPglaLnitniensveemstpmloeynetersepwroerskeinntgs ianb4o3utstnaitnees pfoerr ictsensterovficthee. LBoenllgSLyisnteems htoastaml. aRdeespsounbdstianngtitaoltihnecrienacsreesastiongitsdeinmvaensdt mentIninterrestcaetnet nyeetawrso.rks exceed 76 million circuit miles and consist pserainsccipaabllleys ocfocnanbelcet,inragdtihoeanUd.So. pmenaiwnliarne.dIwn iathddJiatimonaicthae, rPeuaerretounRdiceor, tHraanws-aPiia,ctihfiec BcaribtilsehfIosrlmess aandlintkhewEituhroJpapeaann.MOathinelranodv.erFsreoams cHomawmauiinia cations are transmitted via radio. OW NERS OP THE BELL SYSTEM theirSionmveest2m,2e5n0t,s00in0ApeTo&pTlestoowckn.aOnfitnhteesree,sot vinerth3e00B,0e0l0l SayrestBemellthSryosutegmh 14 AemTp&lToyheaess mwohroe thhaanvetwpiucrecahsasmeadnyshcaormesmtohnrosutogchkhpoaldyerorsllasalalontymoetnhtesr. corporation in the United States --more than the next two companies combJuinsetdabinouftacevt ery type of American is represented in this assembly, itneaccluhdeirns,gmfaerrmchearsn,tsc,lewrkids,olwaws yaenrds,rcelteirregdympeeonp, lme.ecThhaenimcsa,ncwivhilosebrevcaanmtse, AT&T's two millionth shareowner in 1981, for instance, was a small town drugTgihsetseininKvaensstoasrs. have supplied a good part of the capital that has bhaevene irnevqeusitreeddintothreeacliozme ptahneyBienllexSpyesctetamti'sonpootfernetciaelivoinfggraorwetahs.onTahbelye triaotne ofof rretthuerinr aunndi,nitnedrreuepdt,eAdTr&egTudlaivriitdyensidnschea1v8e8a1.wTehllededsiverivdeedndrsephuatvae r$i8s.e0n0, ptoeor.sFhoarreabpoerutye1a5ry. eFarrosmen1d9i2n2gtion11995291,,dfioerriantsetawnacse,$t9h.0e0raateshwaraes. Wat h$e3n.3t0he(esqtuocivkawleanst stopli$t9t.h9r0eeo-nfotrh-eonoeldinbaAspisr)il., F1o9l5l9o,wtihnegrsattoecwkhaosldseetr approval in April, 1964, the stock was again split two-for-one with a dividGeneodgrraatpehoifca$l2l.y0,0AesTt&abTlisshtoecdkfoisr tmheorneewwisdhealryesh. eld than the stock of any other corporation, and it is distributed in general accord with the iEnnvgelsatnmdenwthweerealtthheoftetlheepchoounnetrwya, swiinthveansteodmeawndhaotrhigiginhaelrlyraftiinoaninceNd.ew Bell Aast pthaereenntdcoomf p1a9n0y1,osfhtohretlyBaelflteSryAstTem&,T8h7apdesruccecnetedoefdthAemoewrincearns wweerree lroecqautierdedi,nthNeewdisEtrnigbluatniodn. Aosf iAnTcr&eTasionwgnaemrsouexnttesnodfednemwocreapaitnadl mlinoerse rienatochtehde tEhaestWernessttaCteosa.stS,ttahretinCgeinntr1a9l1a5n--d wPahceinficthsetalotensgbdeigstaannctoe b19e30re, prtehseenatepdprmoxoirmeatdeefipnrietesleynti-ndatyhe gAeoTg&rTaphshicaarleodwinsterribfuatmioinly. wBays apcehriceevnetd;:PNaceiwficE1n0gplearndce2n0t;paellroctehnetr;s E15aspteerrnce4n0t.per cent; Central 15 the 5T0h,0e0re0twh eorwe n7e,5r3j6oisnheadretohwenceorms poafnAyTf&amTiilny.1J9u0s0t. sWixityheianrs12layteerar--s h19a1d8c--limthbeed10t0o,0a00hamlfamrkilwlioasn.pTashseedo.nBeymlailtleio1n9t3h0mthileesntuomnebweraosfroeawcnheerds ionf Mthaeyt,e1l9e5p1hownieth. iTnhaefetwwowmeeikllsioonftthhesh7a5rtehoawnnneivrewrsaasryadodf ethdetionvtehnetiloisnt just 10 years later, in June, 1961. Approximately 28 per cent of the shareowners have held their 15 AowTn&eTrssftoocrkatfolera1s0t 1y5eayresaros.r more. And 15 per cent have been shareSome 803,000 accounts are in the names of women. As individual oowwnneerrss,awreomreepnreosuetnntuemdbbeyr mjoeinnttwacocotounotnse--. Fuusrutahlelrymmoaren, 6a0n0d,0w0i0fes.hareComEmaucnhicyaetaior,nsATC&omTmreipssoirotns.itAs 3r0ecleanrgtersetpsohratrereovwenaelsrsthtoatththeiFs egdreoruapl iosfccoumstopmriseerds ionfe2a2chbaanckconuonmt)i,nethesree(wbhrookmeras,ytwhooldinsstuorcakncfeorchomunpdarneidess arenpdretshernete obnalnyk5in.6g5fpiremrsc. eTnhteoafgthgeretgoattael hsotolcdkin;gesacohf tohfesthee3se0 aaccccoouunnttss holds stock in a fiduciary, or trust capacity. of acOconulyntosnfeorshitasrecolwiennetsr,, haabsroslkiegrhatglye mhoourseethhoanldionngempaenrycethnotuosfanthdes tleostsalthstaonckonoeu-ttshtiarntideitnhgo.fTohneempearxicmenutm. ownership of any individual is 16 Bell Telephone Laboratories entitTyhien gtrhaeduBaelllevSoylsutteimonaonfdBeitlsl TseulbespehqouneenLt ahbisotroartyorrieefsleacstathseepeavraetreienacrrlyeaassing188im3,ptohretanAcmeeorifcacnreBateilvleTteelcehpnhoolnoegyCionmcpoamnymmunaiicnattaioinnesd. Aans eaxnpdePriamteennttaDl sehpoaprtimn eBnotstIonn1to88s4u,ptphliesmoregnatnthizeataicotnivwitiaessoofffiictsiaElllyecretrciocgal nwiozeudldatsotdhaeyMbeecchaalnleicdalreDseeapracrhtmaenndt,dtehvoeulgohpmtheentf.unction it performed DepaBrytm1e9n07t,othf eAMT&ecThaannicdalwDasepbarrotmadelnyt hreasdpobnesciobmlee ftohre BEnelglinSeyesrtienmg elinsgheindeeerninggin,edeerivneglosptamnednatrdasndforrepselaanrcthdwesoigrkn., Tphreispadreepdarctemnetrnatleosftfaibce sapnedcitfriacfaftiiconpsroabnledmasd.vIisteadlstoheteasstesdocaiantdedincsopmepctaendieasllontelceuprhroenntesplaanndt aNpepwarYatoursk.mHaonwufeavcetru,rWedebstyerWn EesletecrtnricElaelcsotrimc,aiwnhtaeitnheedr lianboCrhaitcoarigeos oinr Bapopstaornatufos,r twheorbkasciocndneescigtendowf iwthhitchhewdaesvseulopppmlieedntboyftheqeuAipTm&eTnEt nagnid neeriInng1D90e7p,athrtemWenetstern Electric and AT&T research and development smtaefnfst awte4re63cWonesostlidSatrteeedt,aNs ethweYWoreks.teArnT&ETle'sctErincgiEnnegeirninegerDinegpaDretmpaerntt rBeetallinSeydsteitms gaesntoereaql ureipspmoennstibainlidtyseforvrictheeancodmWpeastitbeirlnityEloefcttrhice agsrsouwminedg preasrpaotunss.ibTilhiteyrefoseratrhceh taensdtindgevaenldopimnsepnetcaticotniviotifeistscotenlseoplhidoanteesd aant dWaepst mSterenettagnrdadaudavllaynceexpianntdeeldepihnorneys.ponse to the pressing need for improve Increasing importance of basic research in the development of 17 cEolemcmtriucniEcnagtiionnesedriunrginDg ethpearetamrleyn2t0a'snldeda tpoatrhteocfotnhseolAidTa&tioTneonfgWineeestreinrng dsheipparotfmtehnet nasewBeclloTmeplaenpyhowneasLsahbaorreadtoeriqeusaollnyJbaynuAaTry&1T,1a9n2d5.WOewstneerrn oEflethcteriocwwneitrhcothmepaBnoiaersd. TohfisDairrreacntogresmcehnotseemnpfhroasmizeesxethceutLivaebsooraftoeraicehs adnudalthfuenBcetilol nTeinlepsheorvniengcotmhepasnpieecsi.fic needs of both Western Electric reseaTrcohthainsdenddev, eBleolplmTeelnetpwhoonrke fLoarbtohreatBoerilelsSpyestrefomrminscaotmcomsut nscicieantitoifnics in two broad areas. AT&T authorizes and pays for research and funda mluregnyta,ledleecvtreolonpicms,eanctopursotjieccstasnidn msuacthhefimeladtsicasswphhyicshicrse,lcahteemtoistthrey,smcieentacle odfevceolmopmaupnpicliactaiotinosnasnodf fteocrhsnyosltoemgiscaelnagdinveaenrciensgipnrothjeecstesfwiehldicshinseteekrmtos voeflBopemll eSnytsatenmd dseesrivginceo.fWneewstearpnpaErlaetcutsriacnaduetqhuoripizmesenatnadndpawyosrkfosrwditeh titheemLs acbaopraabtloerioefs etcoondoemveicloapl paromduecatnisonofintrqaunasnlatittiyn.gInthaedddeitsiiognn,swionrtok pbyerWforemsteedrnfoErletchteriUc .aSn.dGboyveBrenlmlceonmtmbyInBce.ll Laboratories is authorized muniSciantcioenisncteecphtnioonlo, gBye.llALt afibrsotraatogroioesd hpaasrtboefetnheprLea-ebmoriantoenritesi*n ecfofomrt wtheenetqiunitpomheanrdt wWaersetedrenvEelloecptmriecnptrtooduinccerdeaasnedtthheeroepliearbaitliintyg acnodmpliafneieosf iunscerde.asAe ftuhretheeffricliaerngceyeofffoBrtelhlaSsybsteeemn edqeuvioptmedentot. dAenveelxoapminpglewoafysthtios viselToApmSIen(tTitmhaet Adsosuigbnlemdentht eSpceaepcahciItynteorfpothlaetiofinrs)t, ahvLoabtroarnasto-Aritelsandtiec fcuarbtlheesrbtryanustmiliizssiniogn.the milliseconds of silence in ordinary speech for majoTrofdiealydst:hRe etesceharncihc,alSwysotrekmosfEthnegiLneaebroirnagt,orainesdiDs deivveildoepdminetnot three tific Rperisnecairpclhesr.epAreltsheonutgshthceasreriaerdchofuotr ninewsckiennotwifliecdgdeis,cfioprlinneesw wschiiecnh scploesceifliyc rcehlaatnegetos itnhethaertteolefpchoomnemsuynsitceamti.onR,artehseerairtchis icsonnocetraniemdewditaht tsrcyieinngce"tmoaoyuytgieuledssditshceovfeurtiuerseo"favsatlouewtohetrheethteeleupnheoxnpeloirneddusatrreyasanodf exploring these areas in depth. centAolfthtohueghtetchheniRceaslesatracfhf DofeptahretmLeanbtsorcaotomripersi,sethoenylyraebporeuste1n2t ptheer 18 fhoauvnetasihnahpeeadd thfreomchawrhacictehrhoafvteodfaloyw'seadndthotoumsaonrdroswo'sf cdoismcomvuenriiecsatitohnast systems. In 1937, Dr. Clinton J. Davisson received a Nobel Prize and, i--n s1h9a5r0e,dtharneoetohtehre;rhsu--ndDrersd.sWof. Hot.hBerrsathtaaivne, rWec.eSivheodckalweyaardnsdaJn. dBahrodneoerns repreSsyesntteimngs Emnagjoinredeirsitningcrteiopnreisnentthseairrfeilealtdisv.ely recent addition to the mLaabnoyrayteoarrise.s'Soyrsgteamniszaetniogninaelesrtsruhcatuvree,inbtuimt athtee kfunnocwtiloendgietseolff tgeoleepshboancek ppalannyt eanngdinoepeerrsatcioonncsearnnidngmtahientaBienllclSoyssetecmonstancetedwsitahntdeloeppphoornteunciotimes ftoourcehcowniothmyLaabnsd' riemseparorcvhemanednt.fuSnydsatemmesnteanlgdineveeerlospamlseontk.eTepheiinr fculonsce tion is to match new knowledge and new approaches to the needs. They oswutilticnheinag,bcroomadmtuencihcnaitcioanlspslaatnelfloitresaodreTv-ellocpamrreienrt),(situscohbajescteilveecst,roannidc its ecTohneomSiycstaenmdsseErnvgicineeweroirntgh oDrempailrittmareyntvsaltuoeg.ether comprise about 17 peLracrgenesttooffthteheLatebcsh'nteiccahlnigcraolusptainffg.s are the Development Depart lmesesnttsh,antoatatlhinirgdaobfotuhtes7e0apreerlocceantetdoifnthBeratnecchhnLicaablorpaetrosroiensneinl. WSleigsthetrlny EGlreecetnrsicbomroa, nNuofarcthtuCrianrgollioncaa; tAiolnlesntaotwBnuarnlidngLtoanu,reWldainles,toPne-nSnasleymlvananiad; dCioalnuam; bKuesa,rnOyh,iNo;ewMJeerrrsimeya;caknVd aBllaelyti,mMoraes,sMacahruysleatntsd;. Indianapolis, In projeDcte,vcerloeaptminegntdeentagiilneederpslahnasv,edtehveelroepspinognshibairlditwyaorfecaanrrdyienqguoipumt tehnet amsanneuefdaecdtu,raendorprpouvricdhiansge.WDEevweliothpmtheentdewsiogrnks caonvdersspescuicfihcatairoenass foasr ctruasntsommiessriporno,dsuwctistc,hpionwg,erelseycsttreomnsic, dcaotma pcoomnemntusn, ictealteiopnhso,noeustsainded poltahnetr, msweintcth--boinacrdlusd, ianngdtahenuNmikbeerfaomf idlyevoeflompmisseinletssfyosrtetmhes,DraedfeionsceoDmempaanrdt guidance, and underwater sound systems. opmIenntparlalcwticoerk, ovfercyoucrloses,elryesteoagrecthh,ersyasntedmwsitehngWineesetreirnng,Ealencdtridcevaenld tahmepBlee,lloTfteelnepishoanne icmopmopratannietsf.aFcetoerdbinacdketferormminminagnupfaatchtusroinfgs,cfieonrtiefxic iSnyqsuteimryspEunrsguinedeeirninRgeasenadrcDh,evaeslwopemlleanst.beAinndg,aomf caojourrsceo,ntshideenraeteiodns oinf the telephone companies are controlling in establishing objectives for 19 bothTBheelliTnteelrerpehlaotnioenLshaibporoaftogrireosupasndinthteheWLeasbteorrnatEorleiecstriics Cilloumstpraanteyd. ibnytoththeetrnaantsuisrteoor.fDseimsciocvoenrdyuoctfotrhse. Ittrsanpseirsfteocrtieoffnecatscaadmeeviocuetwoafsrecsaerarriecdh poonnbeyntst.hWe Dheenveiltohpamdernetacohrgedanaizsattaiogne ocfodnecveernloepdmweintth, ienletcetrrmonsiocfcpoemr finortmheantecelepahnodneecsoynsotemmi,caSlysmteamnusfeancgtuinreee, rtshbaetgminatdoedietsfigenascibolmemfourniucsae htiaorndswaarroeunbdy itt.heThDeseeveslyosptemmesntweenregitnheeenrscaarnrdiedintthoromuganhutfoacwtuorrekibnyg WestFeornr Emleacntyricy.ears, both Bell Laboratories and Western Electric ccoomncpeanntireastemdatkheeiterlecpohopoenreatsievreviceeffoarvtaiolnabhleeltpoinmgorteheanBdelml oTreeleApmhoenrie tcoantsr.anInsmreitcemnot ryeeakrisn,dhsowofevceorm, mthuenBicealtlioSnyss.teAmTn&eTtwaonrdk hthaes boepeenrautisnegd icnonmopvaantiioenss, tahnerdefiomrep,ronvoewmleonotks mreosruelttihnagnfervoemr ttoecBhenlollLoagbicoarlataodrvieasncfoer. NewMYoosrtkBaenldl LNaobrotrhaetronriNesewactJievristieeys:are carried on at four locations in tive a4n63d WstaefsftwSotrreke.t, New York --now principally used for administra of mMucuhrroafythHeillw, oNrkewinJeelresecytro--ntihcecommapinonceennttedreovfelroepsmeaerncthawnodrktraannsd missiWonhispypsatenmy,s NanedwdJeevrseeloyp--mtehnetcenter for military research and de velopHmoelmntdwelo, rNk.ew Jersey --a laboratory opened in 1962, with work tgroainnsgmoisnsioinn sauncdhswfieitlcdhsinasg,ealnecdtrnoenwictyswpeitschoifntge,ledpahtoanecoemqumiupnmiceanttiofnosr the cIunstSopmrienrg. , 1964, Bell Laboratories announced plans to build a new center for development work on electronic switching systems near pNeaoppelrevialrlee,sIcllhiendouislefdaitrolywcolorskeattotWheElasbHoraawtotrhyowrnheeWn iotrkiss.cAombopulette1d,20in0 a196sm6,ailnlcnluudminbgerthoef eWleEctroenngicinseweritschfirnogmoHrgaawnitzhaotironne aWt oHrkoslmadnedl atnhde Systems Equipment Engineering organization. 20 The Bell Telephone Com panies on aTt hBeelcloLmambournaitcoartiieosn.s .r.estehaercehquainpdmdeenvtealnopdmseernvticpersogtrhaamt sWceasrtreiernd Eeflfeocrttrpicrosvuipdpeldiebsy.A.T.&aTndcotnhteincuoeoorndliynastoiotnhaot fththeeBeelnltTireeleBpehlol nSeycsotemm pany subscriber receives the variety of reliable communications service ohfe sdeersviircees.wThhiechBjeolilnTsetloegpehtohnere aclolmthpeasneieosthaerre etfhfeortlsa.stTlhinekir isnucacecshsaiinn meneteirteinBgetlhleSynseteedms.of their subscribers measures the effectiveness of the gatioTnhwe hreicshpotnhseibBileitlyl Tfoerlespahtiosnfyeincgomthpeasnuiebsschraibveer aisccneoptteodnlyfoarnthoebmli sceoluvnecs.ilIstiins Treecxoagsnriezgeudlbatyeltahwe. aFcotirvtyit-iseesvoenf tshteateopceormatminisgsicoonms,paanndiecsiitny tUhnedteerrrtihtoesrieesretghuelyatisoenrsv,ethaendopeevraaltuinagtectohmeipranefiefescmtivuesntecsasrriyn osenrvthinegir. abnudsineensgsinineeterremdstoofbleocwaolrntehewdhs.ilEextpoatnhseioloncparlocgursatmoms herasv.eRtoatebsefpolransenrevd itcheemcuossttsbeofjudstoiifniegdbounstihneesbsaswisitthhiant taheparertviecnuulaers aarreean.ecSeinsscaerythtoeymaereet aTcecloepuhnotanbelecoumnpdaenrierse,gnualtautiroanllyaenndousgphea, khafvoer athgerecaut sdteoamleorf, itnhfelueBneclel in seTtthinegrethaereco2u3rsBeelolfTtehleepwhhoonlee cBoemllpSaynsiteesm, .of which 21 are subsidi Tarhieessein23whcoicmhpAanTi&esTaorwe:ns more than 50 per cent of the capital stock. NNeeww EYnogrklaTnedleTpehleopnheoCnoemanpadnTyelegraph Company New Jersey Bell Telephone Company 21 BDeiallmToenldepShtoantee TCeolempphaonnye oCfoPmepnannsyylv(wanhiaich serves Delaware) iCnhgetosnap, eDa.kCe.)and Potomac Telephone Company (which serves Wash CChheessaappeeaakkee aanndd PPoottoommaacc TTeelleepphhoonnee CCoommppaannyy ooff MViarrgyilnainad CSohuetshaeprenakBeelalnTdelPeopthoomnaecaTnedleTpehloegnreapChomCpoamnpyaonyf West Virginia OMhiciohiBgaenll BTeellleTpheloenpehoCnoemCpoamnypany IWndisicaonnasiBneBllelTleTleeplehpohnoeneCComompapnayny NIlloinrtohiws eBsetlelrnTeBleepllhToneleepChoomnpeaCnoympany Southwestern Bell Telephone Company PMaociufnictaNinorStthawteessTt eBleelplhToenleepahnodnTeeCleogmrappahnyCompany PBaecllifiTceTleeplhepohnoenCe oamndpaTneyleogfraNpehvCadoamp(aanwyholly owned subsidiary of PSaocuitfhicerTnelN. &ewTeEl.n) gland Telephone Company (in which AT&T owns lCesinsctihnannat2i0apnderScuebnut robfatnheBceallpTitaellesptohcokn)e Company (in which AT&T owns(AjuTs&t uTnadlesro3o0wpnesrlecsesntthoafnththerceaeppitearlcsetonctko)f Bell Telephone Com ppearntyineonftCinafnoardmaatsitoonc,ka. nPderAsoTn&nTelproofvtihdeessesetrwvoicecsomtopBaneilelsTeexlecphhaonngee of CTanhaedraeluatniodnershaiplibceentwseeecnoAntTr&acTt)and the operating companies could sbteocmk iosuwnndeerrsshtoipodw, iptharitriocunlbaorulyndbcyontthrooslse. wThheo wauidtoemvaatircieatlylyoefqluoactael cimonpdraitciotincsal.exSisetrivnigceinasroralnagregme eanntsatiaonndaesqouuirpsmmeankt erecqlousieresmurevnetsillavnacrye markAednldyefvroenmwointheinpatrhteotfetrhrietocroyuonftrya ptoaratincoutlhaerr.operating company, nneeeeddss ccaann vbaersyt bmearekveadlulyatferdombyyemaerntoonyetahre, fsrpoomt wplhaocectaonpfloarcees.eeThsepsee cmiaulnsiteyr,vicfoerreiqnsutiarnemcee,notsr rweshuolticnagnfreosmtimaamteusthhreoogmroinwgthsupbautrtbearnn coofma cdoitmiomnaulnciteyntarnadl otfhfiecreesf.ore determine the necessity and location for ad Each of the Bell Telephone companies has a Board of Directors 22 cfaommiplioasredwiothf bthuesinpersosblmemens, aendducpaotsosrisbialintidesoothfetrhepirrolmocinalenatrepae.rsTohnes particular corporate structure varies slightly in details from one oper agtainnigzactioomnpoafnya ttyopiacnaolth(aenr,dbhuytpwotehectaicnald)esocpreibraetitnhge cmomanpaagneym. ent or sponRsiebpleorftoinrgitstooptheeraBtioonasrdisofthDe iprerecstoidrsenot.f Rsuecphoratincgomdpiraencytl,yatnod trhee WpreessitdeernntEalreectcriocmDpaivniysioonffsi,cearlsthohueagdhinign omrgoasnt izoapteiorantsinegquciovmalpeanntietso' ctelurmdeintohleogfyolltohweyinga:reopdeersactrinibge,dpearssodnenpeal,rtimnfeonrtms.atTiohnes(eorgepnuebrlailclyreilna tgieonnesr)a,lsemcarentaagrye,r lhegeaadl,strtehaesuorpeer,raatnindgcodmeppatrrotmlleern.tAwvhiiccehprienscilduednets atnhde fsutrnuccttiioonns aannddpslearnvticeensgoinfetehreingg)e,ntehrealgpelnaenrtalmtaranfafigcerma(innacgluerdi(nignccluodn ignegr c(iennctlruadl ionfgfircaeteasndanPdBtXeleoppheornaetodresv),eltohpemgeenntesrtauldcieosm, mbuesricnieaslsmoaffnicae anceteirvit(iiensclaunddintghebsueirlvdiicnigngeqoufippumbelnict, toeluetpsihdoenepsl)anatndantdheracdhiioefteranngsi mission). run, Ethsasetntthiaelylyp,rAovTi&deT gaoskosdosnelryvitchea,tttrheeatoepmerpaltoinygeecsoemqpuaitnaibelsyb, emwaienll tsaoinnabalefapvroorfaitbsleonimthaegemaomneoyngintvheestpeudbilnicththeeiryospeerrvaetioannsd. rHetouwrnthreesae thingAsTa&reTdnoanteu,rablylyaknedelpasrgcel,osise lwefatttcohthoen otrpeenrdatsinwghciochmpsaeneimes.to be dSeyvsteelmop'sincgonintacatwwaityhtFheadtecroaul lAdgaefnfceicetstshuechbuassintheessF. CACT&, aTndisththeereBaerlel mcoanntyrascpteacliraelasdeyrvidciesscupsesrefod.rmWedithboyuAt Ts&ucThucnednetrrathliezetedrmcosoorfdtihneatliiocnenbsye AseTrv&icTe, aicnhiSeevpetmemenbtesr,lik1e96t2heanndatitohne-wciodnetinchuainnggeoSvyestremto-wdiidael TmWovXe towaTrdhetoctaolnDtraircetcutaDl irsetlaanticoensDhiiaplsinbgewtwoeueldn bWeeimstepronssEiblleec.tric and the tBraelclt TthealetpWhoensetercnomElpeacntrieics hisasemwbitohdeieadchinofththeeSotapnedraatridngSucopmplpyaCnioens. ElecTtrhiceswe ilclonptrroavcitdseotuotlitnhee tohpeermataitnegriatlesleapnhdonseercvoicmespatnhiaets Watesttheerinr rrieaqluseasntdansedrviinccelsudaerethpreotveirdmeds.and conditions upon which these mate explaOinnsethoef tuhneiqpuroevniessisonosf othfethreelSattiaonndsahridp SbuetpwpleyenCWonEtraacntdsutchceintecltley- 23 opbhloignaetecsomthpeanTieelse.pThhoinseisCtohme poanneythtoatpsutartcehsa"sneoatnhyinmg ahteerreiianlscfornotmainthede (Western) Electric Company." WE can retain their business only by virtuTe hoaftthoeurqcuoamlitpyaonfyitdsopersosduupcptslyanmduscehrvoicf etsheanBdeliltsTleolwepphroicnees.com pinanmieese'tinnegedthseisretaqcuiitreremceongtnsitoiofnthoefothpeerraetisnogurccoemfuplnaensisesoafnWd Ea vpaeloipdlae tion of the concept of teamwork which unifies the Bell System's efforts. 24 H istory of W estern Electric V annoIunncJaendutahryat, 1th8e69f,iarmlaocof nSichaewnktryanind thBearJtoounrnhaaldobf ethene Tfoerlmegerdapihn Cotlheevrelealnedc,triOcahliodefvoirceths.eTmhiasnwufaascttuhreeaocforfnireofanendtebruprrigslea.r alarms and AmeTriocdanayi,ndWusetsryte.rGn rEolwecthtritco hiselopnetheofBtehlel Stoysptedmozmeneectogrrpoowraintigonpsubin lic demand for its services has been a constant factor in Western Elec tric'sAhtistthoery.outset it was a small company, a shoestring enterprise of werhnicUhntihoenprheypsaiicraslhpolpanitncColmevperilsaendd.thGeeeoqrgueipSmheanwtkohf athdebfeoernmtehreWfoerset mpaarntnoerf ttoheshsahreopth. eLpeuarrnchinagseitwwithashitmo .bTehuepmfaonrhsealfeo,uhned wloaoskeEdnofsorMa. Barton, a 27-year-old telegrapher from Rochester, N.Y. They opened for bAusminoensgs tihneJanneuwarfyir,m1'8s69c.ustomers was a former Oberlin College pphanysyicassparofseosusrocre, EfolirshpaarGtsraayn.dAmn oindveelsntofor,r Ghrisayexupseedrimtheentssm. aHllecoamnd Belaercttornicaslooanppfoaruantdusth--eypasrhtiacrueldaralycotemlemgoranpehnicthduesviaiscmes.foBratrhtoenfufotureresaowf aallloonfgh-riasnmgeeadgerveelcoappmitaeln.tHfoerltohoekecdomtopamnaykieniwt ihnitcoh ahemhanadufiancvtuersitnedg panladntGcraapyabsloeonofcpalmayeintgo ashleaaredinhgis pcaorntviincttiohnes.daSwhnawinkg, ehloecwtreivcearl, afgeel,t Gsurcahy.plans were too ambitious and offered to sell his half-interest to Both Gray and Barton were acquainted with Anson Stager, former 27 oCfhtiheefiorfpltahnes,US.Sta.gMerilaitdavryanTceedlegGrraapyhsthdeumrionngetyhneeCediveidl Wtoabru. yLtehaernhianlgf tihnteertwesot manedn aclosuoldagarreraendgteotobemcoomveethane beuqsuianlespsatrotnCehriacatgsou.cAhntiamgereaes mofetnhte ytoeatrhtihseeffifremctowf GasrasyiganneddBoanrtNonovweams boepren18fo,1r8b6u9sinaensds ibnyCthhiecaegnod. qualiFtyrowmotrhkemfainrssth, itpheincothmepamnaynguafiancetudrea roefptuetlaetgioranpfhorapinptaergartiutys, afnirde aTnhdenbtuhreglgarreaatlafirrmeso,f t1h8e71GraravyagteedleCghraicpahgop.rTinhteerfiraenwd aostehxetrindgeuvisicheesd. wseirtvhiicnetwino pbrloodckuscionfgtheequGiprmayenatndtoBarertsotonreshocpomamndunthiceaitrioenmseringenthcye sintriscukpepnlyciintygwaopnpapruabtulisc faoprptrhoevaplearnmdabnreonutgrhetpulancpermeceendteonfteedqubiupsmineensst fcaocntsuurminegdCboymthpeanflyamweass. Ionrg1a8n7i2z,etdheosS1s3u0c,c0e0s0soWr etsoteGrnraEyleacntrdicBMaratnoun. Igtresaotoenr bperocadmucetiaonmoafjotrhemGanruayfapctruinreterrotfelMegorraspehi.nstruments and began of eleBcytri1c8a7l6e,qthueipWmeenstte,rhnadElgeacitnriecdtrhaidgehmparreks,tiagfefix--edgrtaotiafywinigdeprvoagrrieestys fpoaryraolfli.rmAtletshsethCaennt1e0nnyieaalrsEoxlpdostihtiaotnnhuemldbetrheadt byuetar65inpPeohpillaedeolnphthiae, fWacetsutreer.n Electric won five gold medals for devices of its own manu devicAet wthheicshamhee ecxalploesdititohne, tAelleepxhaonndee.r HGirsahpaamtenBteflol rdtehmeotneslterpahteodnea, U.S.ONno.J1a7n4u,4a6ry5,2h8a,d1b8e7e8,ntihsesufeidrsftocuormmmoenrtchisalbetefolerpeh, oonneMeaxrcchhan7.ge in tpheearwedoraldmoopnetnheldatfeor.r Isterlvisitceeda5t0NneawmeHs.aven. The first directory ap by thTeheenpdoopfu1la8r8i1tythoefrtehwe eterleep70h,o0n0e0 htealdepghroonwens itno sseurcvhicea.nOenxtJeanntutahrayt 12 of that year, the Inter State Telephone Company opened the first commercially successful long distance line spanning the 45 miles be twweereenopPernoivnigdeanncdemauncdhBexopsteornim. eAnltmatoiostn ewvaesrybeminognctharrnieedwonexccohnacnegrens ihnogwleovnegr,daisntdantcheerteranwsamsisnsoioant.teTmheptqautalsittaynodfarsdeirzvaictieovnabriyedthmeavrkaeridoluys, telepIhtowneascoampppaanreienst. to the American Bell Telephone Company that mcoamdme otenlespthanodnaeredqsuaipnmd eanctoamndmothnospeurwphooseosphearraeteddbiyt wthoeupldeopprolevewehso28 streinctihaaldtoptihoeneoerrdeedrlmy udecvheelolepcmtreicnatloefqthueiptmeleenpthoannde.tSeilnecpehoWneesateprpnaEralteucs w--etlhlquSaclrifibiendertoswmiatcnhubfaocatrudr,efBorellexTaemlepplheo--netheequcoipmmpeannty. Mwaosreoclveearrliyt has a reputation for high quality products built to offer reliable, longlived service. W ESTERN ELECTRIC ENTERS THE BELL SYSTEM and TThhueosdoearerlyN.inVa1i8l8, 1a,t Gtheantertiaml eStgaegneer,raWl mesatenrangeErloefcttrhice pArmeseidriecnatn, BbeecllomTeinlegphthoenemCanoumfpacantuyr,inegxpulonritedofthtehepoBseslilbiSliytsyteomf .WAesstaerrnesEullet,cttrhice BCeolml cpoamnyp.any acquired an interest in Western Electric Manufacturing NoveFmubrtehr,er18c8a1pitthael ceoxmpapnasnioynwwasasreroerqguaniriezdedaansdthaes Wa ersetseurlnt,Eilnecltartiec ACmomerpiacanny BoefllIlClinoomispawniythhaadcaapmitaajloizraitniotenreosft. $T1h,0e0f0i,r0s0t0miannuwfhaiccthuritnhge sciognnterdacotnbFetewberuenaryth6e,1p8a8r2en. t organization and Western Electric was GeneWraelsStetrangeErlsecctarriece'sr.eInntrJyaninutaoryth, e18B8e5llfaSiylisntegmhewaaltshtmheadceapisttonneecetso smaoryntfhorbehfiomretohisres6i0gtnh tbhierthpdreasyi,dehnecydioefd.thWe ilcloiammpaSn.y.SmInooMt,aorcfht,hae Remington Arms Company, succeeded Stager as president but died wthiethfiinrma hyeeahra, dtohbelepesductcoeefdoeudndby17EnyoesarsMb. eBfoarretonh.adAtbehcisomaceceosnseioonf, the largest units in the Bell System. of exTphaensseioenarfloyrytehaerswohfoWleeAstmerenriEcalencterciconsoemxiys.teSnocevhasatdthbeeesncoapneeroaf cghroanwgteh., Wsoitrhappidridteheinraatceh, ieitvewmaesntd,iftfhiceurelt wfoars aanygornoewitnog adsesesisrse tbhye AanmnievriecrasnarsytoofetxhheibdiitscthoevierryproofgtrheessNtoewthWe owroldrldp.roTvhideefdouanr heuxncudsreedftohr such an exhibit. ChicIango1t8w90o, ytheaersanlantoeurnpcreomvoeknetdthaatfreanzwyoorlfdafcatiivriwtyabsytobubseinhesesldmeinn saingxnieodusantod dcoisnpsltaryucttheed saurpeecroiordri-tbyreoafktihnegir90w0a-mreisl.eTcihrceuBiteblletSwyesteenmNdeew GYorarkhaamndBeCllhiecaarglyo.inT1h8e92ciarcnuditwwasasinpfeurlsloonpaellryatioopnefnoerdsebvyerAallemxoanndthesr 29 beforBeyth19e00d,elianyceredasWinogrlbdusCinoelussmhbaiadncrEexapteodsitfioornthfienaclolymoppaennyeda.sub sthtaentciaolmcpoamnyp'esteNnecwe inYoprukrcbhraasnicnhg,. TitowHasarreyviBde. nTthtahyaetr,Ifmathneagietermosf rtherqouuirgehdWbyesttheernvaErlieocutsriBceitllwToeuleldphgorneeatclyomsimpapnliiefys cthoeultdasbkeopfuirncshuarsinedg uniformity ofquality and compatibility throughout the whole expanding network BUYING FOR THE BELL SYSTEM intenTdheanyteorfdtihsceusBseeldl tTheeleipdheoanweitChoTmhpeaondyoroefSPpheinlacdeer,lpgheinae.rTalhseupfiersrt s1u9p01p.lyBcyo1n9tr1a3c,tswupapslysigcnoendtrabcytsWhEadabnedentheexPehciulateddelwphitiha aclol mthpeanayssion ciated companies in the Bell System. Since then, supply of items needed obfyWBEel'lsSaycstitveimty.companies for their operations has become a major part NewInYo1r8k97a,sthEeasctoermnphaneyadcqounasrttreurcsteodf athbeubiludsiinngesasta4n6d3 tWo ehsotuSsetretehte, iNnenwovaYtioornks sihnopb.usAinbeosustththaet hsaamvee stiinmcee, bWecEomientrsotadnudcaerdd stohmroeugmhaojuotr ionfdpuesrtrsyo.nTnehlesreecionrcdlsu,dsepdecdiifmiceantisoinonaanl ddrqawuainligtys ostfapnideacredsp,aartnsd, tthheeuesse ttahbelischommepnant yo.f tMraainnyingnecwourdsiesstrfiobrutcionlglegheougsreasduwateersewahlsoohoapdecnoemd.e Itno H19a0w3thBoarrntoenWaourthksoraizteCdicthereo,coIlnlisntoruisc.tion of the first buildings of the the sBayme19y0e6a,rt,h1e9r0e6w, Wereesotevrenr 4E,l0e0c0t,r0ic00estetalebplihsohneedsainpethnesiocnoupnltarny.fIonr emplWoyheeens,--inon1e90o7f, tThheeoedarolrieesNt .inVAaiml bereiccaamn einpdruesstirdye.nt of the Ameri ctiaonn Toeflefipnhaonncees,angdenTerealel gmraapnhagCemomenpta,nayn, dheenugnidneeretroiongk aanrdeorregsaenairzcah wthoerikr.lIanbothraetosruymfmroemr oBf othstaotnyetoar,NAeTw&YTodrkevaenlodpmmeerngtepderwsoitnhneal msimovileadr dgerovueplopomf WenetsetenrgninEeleercstriinc Cpehoicpaleg.oAret ltohceatseadmientiNmeewa Ynuomrkbteor foofrmWEa appaprtaroaftutshemnaedwe bcyenWtreaslitzeernd Eulneictt.riUc,pwthoetthhiesr tiinmCeh, iaclalgtoeloerpNhoenwesYaonrkd, nheaedribnege.nNionwsp,eicntsepdecintioBnoswtoans tbaykeanseocvteiornbyofWAeTs&teTrnheEaldecqturiacrtaesrsaennegwi function of its manufacturing activities. 30 vancTehoef iynecarresahsiandg urensdpeormnsiinbeilditiBesarotofnt'hsehebaulsthin.eIsns a1s90w8,eallt tahsethaegeadof 6c6e,edhehismougahntdaBlaesrtsonactbivecearmolee.cThahiarymearnwoafs tehleecbteodarpdr,esreidtaeinntintog stuhcis office until bis death seven years later at the age of 73. By now the nhaatdiocnonhtainduwedelltoovexerpa6n,0d00th,0r0o0ugtehlethpheocnoensstarnudctiWonEo'sf Hadadwittihoonranlebpulialdnt ings Ttohemienectrtehaesidngemdaenmdasnodf tfhoer BcoemllmTuelneipcahtoionnescoemqupiapnmieesn.t required cpoonwceerntarpaptiaornatouns mthaisnujfoabc.tuAricncgorbduinsginlyes,sthine 1c9o0m9.pany disposed of its "ONE POLICY, ONE SYSTEM , UNIVERSAL SERVICE" tell tIhnethsetofraylloofft1h9e08B,eAllT&SyTstfeimrst amsaadne uinsestiotfutnioatnioonfalAamdveerirctiasninglifteo. Tichee" athnedmteheofpathreenmt ecsosmagpeanwyasw"aosnteopdoelivcoyt,eomneucsyhsetenmer,guyniivnetrhsaelyseearvrs aheaIdmrpeeallilzeidngbythtihseegndoa. l of a nation-wide network, Bell System engi nperaecrsticpaulrsaupepdlicsactiieonnt.ifLicatdeevinelo1p9m12enDtrs. eLaegeerDlye, sFeoerkeisntgdkenmoownlsetdragteedfoar rneeveorsl.utIiot nwaarys daneviimceprtoovaedgrvoeurpsioonf WofetshteernprEotloetcytrpiec vaancduuAmT&tTubeenghie hoapderafitrestacsoancteriuveedaminpl1if9ie0r6. aOnndecoofultdh,euBnedlelrSsyosmteemcierncguiinteceorsndaittiothnes Hdeims souncsctreastsiomna, dHe. tDh.eAthrnreoeld-e,lseemt eonutt ttuobperoadruecleiaablheigahmeprlivfaycinugumtotoul.be. tubeAwbeoreutditshceovsearmede itnimdeepetnhdeeonstlcyilblaytiDnge FcaopreasbtilaintidesE.oHf .thAermvastcruounmg, awnedrevoapstenpeodssuibpi.liBtiyesminidc-1a9rr1i4erthseyssetepmosssainbidlitiinesrawdeiore-tpeluetpihnotnoepsraycstteicmasl rdeeaplieznadtiaobnl.e Menogrienoeveerri,ngregleatrdlimfeg's_aaucdtiivoitiberseahkatvheroiumgphasctinsuarlpl rriessinpgecbtsv, oneTordinary knowledge^: was pOlnacOedctboebtewre2e1n71A9r1li5ngtthoen,fiVrsitrgtirnainas,-AantldanPtiacrisr.adTihoeteblreipehfocnoenvcearll ssaertivoincewoavseralwsoirpesichkaedd suppaninneHdotnhoeluclouu. nEtrayrliferorminctohaestyetoarcotealsetp;hnoonwe transI-nAt1la9n16ti,cernagdiinoeeterlsepohfoWnyeshteardnbEeleenctprircovaenddtAo Tb&eTpoinssciboloe.peration with the United States Navy conducted a mobilization test and estab- 31 lished a nation-wide communications network of telephone, telegraph, rsahdipios daenpdlotyeeledtyipnetwhreitaedr jsaecrevnitcewaatmerosn.gTphoisinctosmomn utnhiecactioonntsinneenttwaonrdk pArporvile,d1t9o1b7e. oOfngereoaft vitaslufeirwstheonff-tshheooUtsnitwedasSttahteessehnipte-troe-dshthoreewraardiion qteulaenpthiotyn.e equipment which Western Electric supplied the Navy in in thTehneeeemdefrogrenacier-toof-garirocurnadft caosmanmeufnfeiccatitvioenms ialintadryhewreeapagoaninresWuletestd ethrrnoEuglehcotruitc twhaes caopuinotnryeerw. iWthEteallespohsounpepleieqduiUp.mS.enAtrmwyhiclaenttohnemceonmts, pfoarnwy'shiBchritiitsshibnrvaennctohrd, eGv.eHloopwedaradsNubamsha,rwinaesddeeteccotroart,etdheby"NthasehBFriistihs,h" Government WE's total sales during the war amounted to $31,918,000. THE NETW ORK GROW S IN SERVICE tribuWtinitghttohethAerBmeislltiScey,stWemesnteertnwoErlke.ctTrihcerreefowceurseednoitws i1n0te,0r0e0s,t0O0n0 cBoenll dSoyustbelmedainndjusctotnennecyteianrgs. tIenle1p9h1o9n,ethseinBetlhl eSycsoteumntaryn.noTuhnecefdigpulraenshfaodr tuhnedeinrttarkoidnugctfioornthoef Bdiealll tSeylestpehmo'snemsaenruvficaec.tuTrhinisg wanads stouppprloyvuenaitmajor In 1922 Western Electric organizations handling Bell System tele pwhitohneitsbuesleincetrsiscawl esureppsleypabruastiendesosr.ganizationally from those concerned ductiIonn1t9h2e3recownasstroufctitoelnepbheognaen coanblteh,einSe1a9m26y. Works. The first pro needTfhoer eBneolrlmSyosutsemqu'sarnatiptiidesgorfowapthpadruartuinsgatnhdee'2q0u'ispamndentthme caodnesietqquueintet cbleecaormtehaat fsuelrlvitnimgethreesgproonwsiibniglitynaftoiornW-weisdteerBneEllleScytrsitce.mCnoentsweqourkenhtlayd, ionf 1E9n2o5s, WM.EBfaorrtmonedanthdeEGlirsahyabaGrrEayle,cftorircthCeompuprapnoys,enaomf hedanidnlihnogniotsr ereleqcutirriecmalesnutpspdliyctbautseidneasfsu. rTthheerisnecpreaarastiinognraenspdo, ninsib19il2it8y, GofraByeblalrS'sycstoemm rmatoinonstoocwknwerasshispo.ldWtoE'istsinetmerpelsotyeinesG--raaynbeawr wdeapsalritmuriteedin tloarpgreecfeorirpeodstockD, uthrienglas1t9s1h8arWeseosftewrnhicEhlewcterriec'srevtiarreidouins 1fo94re1i,gn operations hH Cbeoemnpraengyr.oIunpe1d92i5n, aassaunbsaidddiaitriyoncaalllsetdepIninteritnsaetifofonratltWo ceostnecrenntEraletectroinc serving die needs of the expanding Bell Telephone network, WE sold 32 tinhge sduebpsairdtimareyn.tEaatrWlieersitnStthreeesta, mNeewyeYaro,rkd,iewWaseisntceornrpEolreactetrdicasenthgeinBeeerll TelepAhsonane Loaubtgorroawtotrhieso.f8 its research in telephony, Bell Laboratories tdheavtelmopaedde asnodunWd emstoetrinonElpeiccttruicrespropdrauccteicda,bilne. 1E92a6rl,ythien e1q9u2i7pmBeenllt LwahbeonrathtoeritehsengaSveecrtehtearfyirsotfpSutbatleic, HdeemrboenrsttrHaotioovnero,fetnelgeavgiseidoninbay bwriieref cWonasvheirnsgattioonnawnidthNAeTw&YToprrke.sident Walter S. Gifford on a relay between betwAeebnitNeaerwlieYr oinrkthaenydeaLro, ncodmonm--erwciiatlhraWdieostteelrenphEolneectsreicrviecqeuoippmeneendt providing the means. Then came the formal opening of telephone serviAces btehteweBeenllthTeelUepnhiotende SntaettewsoarkndcoMnetxinicuoe.d to expand, Western Eswleictctrhiicngcoenqcueinptmraetendt oton trheeplapcreodmucatniounalocfesntetrpa-lbyo-fsfitceep eaqnudippmaneenlt.diIanl B19a2lt9imwoorrek Wbeograkns.oAntamthidir-dyegarr,eatthemacnouufnatcryturhiandg lnoecvateirons,eethmeepdremsoernet pnruomspbeerrooufs t--elnepohrohnaeds iannythoefntahteionotnhoewr usntoitosdoaftt2h0e,0B00el,0l0S0y.stem. The on thOenNOecwtobYeorr2k9S,1t9o2ck9,Esoxmchea1n6g,e0.00I,n00a0sshtaarrkesdoefmstooncsktrcahtaionngetdhahtanthdes rsactieenscteocokf epcluonmommeictesdal$s1o5o,0b0s0e,r0v0e0s,0t0h0e blaywthoef gernadvitoyf, tvhaeluyeesaor.f Acohrepaod lEalyecltornicgwyaesartso oofpenreaater-pinartahleysriesdfoforrtthhereAemyeearrics.an economy. Western serviIcne w1h93e1re, btyheanyBeslulbsScyrsitbeemr inintahuegTuWratXednettewleotrykpceowurlidtebreesxwcihtcahnegde tWo easnteyrnothEelercsturibcs'scrsibuebrs.idEiqaruyi,pmtheenTt efolertythpies pCuorrppoosreatwioans. provided by ing aOndn RNeofvineimngbeCro1m,1p9a3n1yWatesTteortnteEnvleilclter,iconacSqtuaitreendItshlaenNda, sNsaeuwSYmoerlkt. Bhayntdhlies mBeelalnSs,ytshteemcosmcrpaapn, yceonbttraailnizeed sacfraacpilrietyclaadmeaqtuioanteatnodpaesrmsuirteitthtoe System of a dependable supply of secondary non-ferrous metals. INNOVATION FOR DEVELOPMENT the GThreealtonDge-prraensgseiodne.vIenloppamretinctuolafrt,hoevBereslelaSsystteelmephcoonnetinsueerdvicdeeswpiates expanded to many parts of the globe. In 1930, for example, Poland, 8See Chapter III. 33 lFininkleadndto, AthregUenntiintead, SantadteAs ubsytrtaellieap--hoanme.oInng1o9t3h1e,rInddisotnaenstiala,nRdosu--mwaneirae, B19r3az3i,l,Inadnida, tYheugHosalwavaiiai,antheIsMlanadnsdawteeroef sPoamleestionfe,thaendpoNiinctasraagdudae;d;anind in 19T34h,enS,yroian aAnpdriJlap25a,n.1935, Walter Gifford, AT&T president, called Tan. oGth. eMr ailtle3r2, vAicvee-npureesoidfetnhte--ALmoenrigcaLsintreasv.eTllheed coavlelrfrao2m3,0o0n0e mofifliececitro cuit tDoubriencgomtheethsaemfiersyt eroaru,nBd-etlhleL-waboorlrdatoterileesphaonnde WcoEnveernsgaitnioene.rs be gtealnepdhoevneelso.pTmheisntwwasortkhethdaetsiwgnasotfothcehacnogmebtihneedshhaanpdeseotf tAelmepehriocnae's. Called the 300 desk set, it was introduced commercially by the Bell SysteTmheirne1w93e7r.e innovations of major significance in equipment, too. Twhaes fiinrssttacloleadxiabletcwabeleen, uNseewd inYiotirakllyanfdorPmhiullatdi-eclhpahnianeilnte1le9p36h.onTeowtesatrsd, the end of the year, a demonstration of the capabilities of coaxial cable wyeaasr hlaetledr,foinr dOicetopbreers,s 1b9y37B, tehlleTtreilaelphboegnaenLoafboaranteowrietsy.pLeeossf ctheanntraal ospffeiceed sowf ittcehleipnhgoneequciaplmlsenant --d cmroasdsebadri--recthtadtiaglirnegaday reimalpitryo.veSdhorthtley aAfvteernwuaeridns,BrWooEklyinns,tNalelewrsYobrekg. aTnhiws oofrfkiceo,nthae ncarotisosnb'sarfirosftficcoemamt eTrcrioayl crossbar installation, cut into service on February 13,1938. W ESTERN ELECTRIC IN WORLD W AR H onceBaeggauinn ipnreepcaorneodmitco doivsaesrrteurn, tEhuero'3p0es, eAndmeedriicna Wbeagra.nAstoGaerrmm.anIny Jpuronce,ee1d93w9iththteheFemdaenraulfaGctouvreeronfmSeingtnaaluCthoorrpizsetdestWseestst.erTnhiEsloecrdtreirc ftoor cmoonrteratchtaonf WS7o0r0l,d00W0 aorfIIe.quipment was WE's first major government deveTloop beeffercetaivdey aformr ethdefowrcoerss.t,AthveasUtncitheadinSotaftensewrapmidillyitasroyucgahmt ptos faancdilibtiaesse.sActatmhee sianmtoebteimineg,,Aemacehricreaqnuiinrdinugstreyxtfeancseivdethceomfammuinliiacratwioanrs ttiomae pprroimblaermysreosfpsocnasrcibitiylitoyf mtoesnu, pmpalytercioalms,maunndiceaqtuioipnms eenqtu.iIpnmaedndtitainodn smerevnitcebsectoamtheeinBcerlelaTsienlgelpyhoimnepocrotamnpt.anTiehse, tshkeillsneaecdqsuiorfedthienGsoervveirnng the Bell System enabled WE to help meet these needs. In 1940, total 34 WE sales to the Government reached $3,500,000. At the end of 1941, the fWiguitrhe sPtoeoadrl aHt a$r4b1o,0r,00t,h0e00U. nited States found itself engaged in a cAornmflyicatnodf Nuanvpyarianldleilceadtedsctohpeei.r Fcoronmfidethnecebiengtihnenicnogmopfanhyo'sstimlitaiensuftahce dtuervienlgopamndenetnagnindeperroindgucstkiiollns obfyneunmtreursotuinsgelWecetrsotenrinc dEelevcictreisc--wgiuthn tdhie rectors, bomb release computers, radar systems and underwater war fare eAqsutiphme ewnatsr.progressed, an increasing proportion of the company's meqauniupfmacetnutr.esInfoarllt,hWe EGosvueprnpmlieednt7c0ondsifisfeterdentoftyrpaedsarofanrdadaasrsodcuiaritnedg cWhaosrelds mWaadreIIb.yTthheeirGdoovlelranrmvoenlut.me equalled half of all the radar pur By utilizing peacetime facilities to the utmost, by subcontracting, awnads abbyleetxotelnimsiviteitlseeamsinerggeonfceyxpisltainngt inpvlaensttmfaecnitlittoielse,ssWtheastner$n6,0E0l0e,c0t0r0ic. pTrhoidsupcotiliocny bnuott oanlsloy sahvooritdeendedcothnestriunctetirovnalebxeptewneseenthdaetvewloopumldenotthaenrd Fwriosemh1a9v4e2atdhdroedugtho t1h9e45o,vWeraelsltebrunrdEelnecotrnicthsuepnpaliteiodn'tshewGaroevceornnmomeny.t wFoitrhcesm. ore than $2,300,000,000 worth of equipment for the Armed withStehreviecnedtoofthWeonraldtioWn'asrdIeIf.eDnseeveelfofoprmt ewnatswboyrknoonmtehaenNs ickoenmcliusdsielde hsiandceb, engoutnabblyefodrueridnige tehned KofortehaenwCaornaflnicdt,inthpeercioodmspaonfycrhisaiss ehvaesr rteenpeledtetowriethspcoonndtrtiobuetmioenrsgetonctyheneneadtsio. nTshedehfiesntosreyaonfdWspEacseinpcreog19ra4m5 sis, examples of which are cited later in this book. POST W AR RECONVERSION turniWngheton pveiacctoer.yFcoarmWe,esAtemrnerEiclaecftoriucn,dretchoenrveerwsieorne pprroovbeledmas fionrmrei dable task. The Hawthorne Works had to reconvert 90 per cent of its tmenant uoffaacbtuoruint g50apreear.cAenttKoefatrhney,terleecpohnovneerssihoonpws.aTshienvtholivrdedWtoE tWheorekxs afatcBiliatlidesmtohreererewqueirreedusleitdtldeurreicnognvtheerswioanrafsorthmeanteorrimalasl owfisreimainladr ccahbalre acterWreeqstueirrnedEbleycttrhice'sAcromnetdribFuotricoens.to victory had necessarily resulted in a concentration on war work largely to the exclusion of its normal 35 emffiottretdinonsleyrvtihnogsethaeddBietilolnSsysatnedm.imTphreovWemarenPtrsodtoucBtieollnSByostaermd hfaacdilpiteiers mthaaitnwteenraencneecoefsessasreynttoialthcieviclioanndcuocmt mofutnhiceatwioanrs.or for the repair and demaTnhdes sohfifpteiancWe ceasntebrne Eclleeacrtlryicseaecntivinitythferofmiguwreasr feomre1r9g4e5n.cyOftototthael BinegllthTeelfeinpahloqnueasratelersooffth$e18y8e,a9r1.0I,n00t0h,esaebofiurstt8m7opnethr scoefntpeoaccceu,rWredesdteurrn tEolteaclttreiclepdheloinveerperdod6u0c0t,0io0n0 ftoerletphheoyneeasr.--It00repperersceenntetdoaf hthigehceormprpoadnuyc's tion Aratttehteheanndaot fa1n9y4p5,rethvieorueswtiemree2i7n,9h4i6s,t0o0ry0.telephones in the United States of which 22,446,000 were Bell Telephones. At the end of 1961 -- twheereye8a4r,4t5h0e,0n0u0mtebleeprhoofnAesTi&nTthsehUarneiotewdnSertastepsasosfewdhtiwcho6m8,i6l4li0o,0n0--0twheerree Bell.Yet numbers can only suggest the whole story of accomplishment sTeordvaicye,sthwehfilcehxiAbimliteyriacnadnsvmerasakteiluitsyeooffthaendBdelelpSeynsdteomnc--omanmdutnhiecaatiroranys oawf ianysttrhuemfeinnetss,tainpptahreatwuos,rladn.d equipment providing them --are far and NEW PLANTS, NEW PRODUCTS, NEW PEOPLE into bIneihneglpsiinncgemWakoerltdhWis saor,IIv.irAtutatlhlye eanndewofW19e4s5t,ecronmEpleacntyriicnhvaesstcmoemnet rinepprelasnetntsitnogodwaatr $e1m6e3r,g14e3n,c0y00p.laInntc.luTdheedreinwtehries 8fi0g,0u2re9 wemerpelo$y5e,7es7.1,J5u0s5t a1n8dyetahresrleatwere,rienmveosrtemtehnatnin1p4l7a,0n0t0anWdEeqpueioppmlee.nWt eexlcleoevdeerdt$w9o0-8t,h1i8r3d,s00o0f adlildenmoptloeyxeisetsaatrethneoewndenogfaWgeodrlidn WthearmIIa.nOuffacthtuere11ofWperostdeurnctsEwlehctircihc ltoocwanti,oInnsddiaensaigpnoalitse,dNaosrWthoCrkasro--linHaa, wMtehrorrinmea,cKkeVaranllye,yB, Oalmtimahoar,e,CAollulemn bbuusil,tOsiknlcaeho1m94a7C, iatnyd, aanldl oKfatnhseasthCrietey p--rea-llwbaurtWthoerkfisrshtathvreeebeheanvesobeeenn largeIdn athned srpenrionvgaotefd19a4s,6,intheefffeicrst,t tmouqlutia-clihfyanansenl euwltrfaa-chiilgithiefsr.equency mCaiclirfoowrnaivae. sSyixstewmeeinksthleatBere,llaSnyosttheemr wmaiscrpolwacaevde insyssetervmicelininkiSnogutNhearnn etuvceknetst wfoirtehsthhaedoMwaesdsatchheusBeettlsl mSyasitnelman'sdionptreincaetdefaonrdsewrviidcee.spTrheeasdewtwebo 36 of microwave systems which have since become a standard part of die integIrnattehdeBfeolllloTweilnegphyoenaer,naetwmoarjko.r manufacturing development was announced which also helped provide the means for Bell Telephone ccoalmlepdanAielpsettohmcaebeltet,haendeamcraonndysmfoinr dciocmatminugnitchaatitoanlsu.mTihneumproadnudctpowlays etitchaylllye,neascaomrepsurilsteofthWe ecsatebrlne Eshleecattrhicin'sgs.eIatrchcafmorebaebttoeurt,wacyhsaroafctmeraiks ing pIrtowduacstsino1f9h4i7g,htoqoutahliattyWatEl'oswmcaonsut.facturing division devoted con spirdoedruacbtlieoneffoofrtNtoo. t5hecrodsesvbealor p--minenittiaollfyednegsiingeneerdingfotrecuhseniiqnueteslefoprhodniee cdoemveplaonpyedoaffbioceust athdejascaemnte ttoimme:eNtroo.p4oltiotallncraorsesabsa. rO, Athuetor mneatwicpMroedssuacgtes AccoTuhnetincgou(nAtrMy'As )firesqtuNipom. 5enctroasnsdbatrheof5fi5c5e PcButXi.nto service at Media, SPOe,n0n0s0y,0lv0a0nthiaBoenll Jtuellyep1h1o,n1e9w48a.s TinwsteallvleeddianysMeaarrslhiearl,ltoown nJ,unIoew2a9.,Tthhee fhoellldowthinegfidrsatypautbMlicurdreamyoHnisllt,raNtieown Joefrasedye,vBiceell tThealtewphaosnteoLuasbhoerraitnortihees new Terhaeofforetlneicgtrhotnoicfsf.iTrshtsissywmasbothliezetsratnhseisctoorn.certed efforts of Western qEuleircetmricenatnsdanitds bBueillldiSnygstfeomr ttheeamlomngat-etesrmin dmeeveetlionpgmtehnetiomfmtheedinaatetiorne wpriodgereBses.llATseltehpehoconme npeotnweonrtk.mIenmebfefersct,oiftthhaes BperollvSedysttoembewaorckyecdletoof cgeestsheirntothpisrorveisdpeecmtosretimanudlabteedttefur rctohmermduenmicaantido,nscaslelrinvgicefso,rthaeilrarsguecr efforTt htheati,ncinretausreni,nhtahseinudsuecoefdcaoasxtiilall gcraebalteerildluesmtraanteds. this trend. On OEacstot baenrd1M, 1id9w48e,sat. $D1u2r,5in0g0,1090409c,othaxisianlectwabolrekswysatsemextoepnedneedd7t,o60l0inmkiltehse. Athedepcraoddeuclattherasthbeereenwsetreead8i3l,y00im0 pmriolevsedo,ftBoeol.lTShyestecmoaTxiValcciarcbuleitsw. Ahincdh W11,e1s6t0erncoEnlveecrtsraictionnoswatmtahkeessacmonetatiinmse,12orco--awxiiatlh uaniltessstehratnucamnbcearrroyf cseornvviecresaatniodnTsV--.a variety of other communications like dataphone the A(Nmeeerdicleasns itnodsuasyt,riiatlhcaosnm'tmbueneintyr,osWesesatlelrtnheEwleacyt.riAcshaasmnematbuerarlolyf hshisatroerdy ihnasthsehodwonwnthtuartntshaesdweemllanadssthoef rtihseestienletphheoneecocnoommpya.nIinesfaacrte, 37 quite volatile and WE must expand and contract its production to mBeeleltbtuhseinneesesdvsoolufmtheeaBndelleaSrnyisntegms .hWaveestbeerennEalsecgtrrieca'st aflsucthtuoasteioenxspein* riencDedurbinygo1th9e5r0,mtahneulfaancdtusreorfs twelheophsoenrvees aofvfearreiedtythoef pcuubstloicmberys.t)he fBoerllexTaemlepplheo, ntheeco"5m0p0"andieesskinscertetaesleedp.hIonnerewspaosnbserotuogthhteingtooalporofdseurcvtiicoen, yaet atrh,epcroomdupcatnioyn'sbneegwalny oonpethneedvoInludmiaenacpoonltirsolWteolrekpsh. oDnue,ridnegsitghneedsamfoer the bTenheefnitcoafmtheethhaerdniotef-hIeigahritntge.lephone, the Speakerphone, the call cdoirleocrttoerleph(1o9n5es8)baegnadnthine p1r9i5n4ceasnsd steoloenphoountpea(c1e9d6t0h)e. Prerogduulacrtiobnlacokf wsehtse.rTehneecwartdeldeipahleorne mdeosviegdnsfroamre tphreoIdnudcieadnafpoorlisprWeloimrkisn'amryodteelstshaonpd, evaluation, trimline tetole pahroengeu alanrd ptrhoed uteclteipohnolnineeseitn fo1r96t1o,u a c n h d -t then one scearmviecet hine 1963.But more significantly, the current of change altered products mpaandye sbuybsWcreibseterrnisEhlaercdtrliyc aowf awreh.icThhtihseisavtehreagveitaBle,llunTseeleenphsownietcchoimng ethqeuiUpnmiteendt Sthtaatteseninabalemsahtitmer otof sceacllonandsy,oafntdhreemacihllitohnesmoafjtoerlietpyhoofnoetshienr telepIhnon1e9s52inWtheestweronrldE.lectric shipped the first 4A crossbar switching teoqlul ipdmialeinntg, parokgeryamel.emDeinretcitnDthisetannacteioDn-iwaliidneg,lofnirgstddisetmanocnestorapteerdatoinr J1e9r5s1eyw, ittoh thaecrMosasy-ocor uonftrAylacmaleldfar,omCaltihfoernMiaa,yhoarsogfroEwngnleinwosoerdv,icNeeswo ttahnatt natumprbeesrenwtiwtheolul totvheer nheaelfdoffoarlloBpeerlal tTorelaespshisotnaenscec.an reach a dis on aDneuwrincgonthceepltaotef 's5w0sitcahnidngeawrhlyic'h60wsildlegvrealdoupamlleyntsuwpoerrksepdreogelreecstsreod mEleecchtraonnicicalSswwitictchhininggSiynsttehmesB(eEllSSS)ysbteemga. nIniintia1l96p3r.odOuncetioonf tohnesetwios ffiorrstcceonmtrmaleorcffiiaclecseanntrdalthoeffioctehwerasfosrcpheridvualteedbfroarnscehrveixcechaatnSguecucasesu. nTnhae, Ntimewe.JTehrseeyfi,risnt cJoumlym, 1e9r6c5ia,lasnydsttehme sfeocropnrdiv,ainteBbarlatnimchoreex, cahbaonugtethuesesawmaes instaTlleodll attraCnoscmoiassBioenachh,asFloalrtiedraeding1r9e6a3t.ly, too. In 1949, for example, only radio carried overseas calls; cable was the backbone of the tele- 38 phonTeondeatyw,oarnkinsttrreictcahteinwgeabcorofsrsadthioerceolanytinsyesntte.ms now provides routes tfeolrevmisainoyn otrfatnhsemdisasiiloyntwolhl itleeleupnhdoenrseecaasllcsabanledsfyosrtemmossstpoafntohceeannest.work (devTelhoepeBdelbl ySyBsetellmL'sabreocreantotruiensdearnsdeams acnaubfleasctmuraekdebuyseWoefsaterrenpEealetecr etrritco), wthheicBheelnl aSbylesstema siunsgelde csaebplaeratotetrcaanbslmesi.t iTnhbuos,ththdrioreucgthiontsh.eHBitehll Lwaebreordaetosriigense--d WanedstperrnodEulceecdtritco tsepaamnwtohrek,Aultnadnetircs.eaAsncda,btlheroreupgehattehres cluotniotinnauriyngderessigeanrcwhhfeonr bfierstttepr rwoadyusceodf sienrv1in9g5,5t,hweseererepsuepateerrsse,doefdrejvuost seven years later by equipment of new design which afforded improved service. NEW AND BETTER W AYS OF SERVING comeTihnetolibsteionfgnthewroucgohmBmeulnl iScyastitoenmstpearomdwucotrsk aisnda lsoenrgviacensd tshaatitsfhyaivneg one. Western Electric's contributions to this team effort have taken the ficoermtootfheanopinetreantisnivgecsoemarpcahnifeosr.better, faster and more economical serv tain Tthoemtraaidnittaioinnathlley lhoiwghesltepvoeslsoibfleBpelrlicSeyssatenmd aqtutahlietys,amWeestitmeren mEaleinc tnreiscsp. eTooptlehicsoennsdta,ntthleyyseheakvenedwevainseddmnoerwe meffainciuefnatcmtuerainngs opfrodcoeisnsgesbaunsid mmaocrheineeffse,cdtievveeluospeedofnsepwecmiaalteskriialllss ahnadndwlionrgkianngdwstiothrag40e,,0m00aksiunpgpeliveersr tTohedreeteirsmsicnaercheolywabesisntgtloe oupseertahtieonpriondutchtes caonmdpsaenryv'iscems atnhuefyacstuuprpinlyg., sbearsvicicetheanqduessutpfpolryinancotivvaittiioens itshtaot WcaensnteortnsEulpepcotrritc'sevciodnecnecpet ooff sheorwv ing the Bell Telephone companies. SERVICE TO THE N ATION and WAsesaterrensuElltecotfriwc oartkthuendreeqrtuaeksetnofbtyheBmelliliTtaerlye,pNhoiknee ALjaabxobraetcoarmiees t1h9e54U. nIinted19S58ta,teNsi'kfeir-sHt eorpceurlaetsiobneaclagmreouonpde-rtoat-iaoinraaln. tiI-taihracsratfht rmeeisstiilme eins tthhaenra1n,0g0e0offeeAtjtaox,oivsearb1l0e0,t0o00infteeerct,eapnt dinctarundaelrssoadtesatlrtoityudceesrtfarionmtylpeesss Zofeussh,odrte-sriagnngeedttaocthicealpl mprisostielecst.thNeexntactiaomnefrdoemvealtotapcmkebnyt wICoBrkMo'ns, Nwiikthe 39 mtheenstt.ilWl mesotreernadEvleacntcreicd aanndd BefeflilciLeanbt oNriaktoerXiespraelssoenwtloyrkuenddetorgdeetvheelropto produce the guidance system for the nuclear-warhead Titan I ICBM. recenOttyheearrsmianjcolruddeeftehneseDcEoWntri(bDutiisotannstmEaadrleybWy aWrneinstge)rnLEinleecatnridc iitns etixetsentsoigonetsh;eWr hfairte-flAunligce,Alaas3k,a0n00d-mefielensceos;mtmhueniAcaletiuotniasnsyCsotemmmwunhiiccah tBioMnsEWSySste(mB;alSliAstGicEM(iSsseimlei-EAaurtloymWataicrnGinrgouSnydstEemnv);iroanmmielintat)rySuynstdeemr; sea cable system, MILS (Missile Impact Locating System); and of cAomuresreic,at'hseawstorrolnda-wutisdesonetwweollr.k fSoigrnPirfiocjaencttlyM, eeraccuhry owfhtihchesheasprsoejrevcetds requires co-ordination efforts of great magnitude to realize the chal lenge of reliability and the urgency of deadline. All were delivered, fully operational, on schedule. THE CONSENT DECREE excepOtinonJsa,nAuTar&yT2a4n, d19it5s6o, paerFaitninagl sJuubdsgimdiearnitesretsotrfiucrtninisgh,inwgitrhegcuelratateind cfaocmilmitioens fcoarrrtihere cGoomvmerunnmiceanttiobnsutseprrveisceersvianngdthfuernloisnhgi-nsgtansedrivnigcerseloar otifonthsheipBselbleStwyseteemn ,thweams aennutefraecdtuirnintgh,ereUsenaitrecdh aSntadteospDeriasttirnicgtmCeomurbteirns DNeewpaarrtkm, eNnte'swseJevresne-yy.eaTrh-liosnJgudangmtiterunsttbsruoiutgahgtationsat WcloesseterthneEJluescttirciec afrnodmAitTs&oTpetrhaatitngsoaungdhtretsoeasrecphafruantectitohnes.Bell System's manufacturing factuWreeostfeerqnuEiplemcetrnict oisf alimtyipteedm, wanituhfaccetrutareind efoxrcespatlieotnos,thtoe cthoemmpaannieus aonfythbeuBsienllesSsysotfema fcohracraocmtemroonrctayrprieerecnogmagmeudniicnatfioornsthseervBieclels,Saynstdemto. m(TehnetsfeolrimthietatGioonvse,rhnomweenvteor,rdtoo naontyabpupsliynetosstheengmaagneudfainctfuorre tohfeeqGuoipv aesrnwmelelnt) This restriction applies to the activities of WE subsidiaries equipTmheenJtudugnmdeerntaalllseoxriesqtiunigreosrthfuattuarneyUapnpitleidcanSttabteeslipceantesnetdsfoorf athnye Bell System. Such patents issued prior to the date of the Judgment mtoutsht abte dliacteensmedusotnbaeroliycaelntyse-fdreaetbraesaiss.oAnanbylepaatenndtsniosnsu-deidscsruibmsienqautoernyt royalties. The Judgment also requires Western Electric to furnish to any 40 ainptpelriecsatns)t w(ohthoeirs tlhicaennsfeodreuignndeerrs tohrecJoumdgpmaneinest, cmonantruoflalecdturbiyngfodrreaiwgn ings and specifications relating to any licensed equipment that WE mreaasnounfaacbtluercehsafrogresoarlechtoarBgeesll.1System companies, and furnish them at a THE EVE OF ADVANCE summInarriezveiseWwiensgtearnnyErleeccotrridc oafctaivchitiieevseimn ernetceanstnyoetaarbsl,ethaesrtehaist awdhaicnh gwehricthhatthtehyefdoremtaialspoafratcMcoamnyplmishomreeenxtawmipllleosbcsocuurlde tehaesiltyotbael daedsdiugcneodf, mcoamnpyamnyorheafsiguurnedsecrgitoende, toa dpeemrioondstoraftemtahjoart siinnncoevWatioornl.d BWuatrtIhIo,utghhe hciatsatbioenesn sounplypoartm, ethaenys tdooannoetnedx. plain, and Western Electric's effort moreTehceonsoumcciecsasl weqiuthipwmheincthatnhde sceorvmicpeanisy nhoatsthperorveisdueldt obfetsteepraraantde abceteionnaspaaismsievdearetscpoopnisnegtwo itthheaursgeerinecsyooffinBdeilvl iSdyusatelmrenqeueedstss., nor has it Bather the initiative of Western Electric's continuing contribution rtoesuthltes firmopmrotvheemcelnotseancdooepxepraatnisoinonanodf sthheareBdelrlesTpeolenpsihboilnitey noeftwWorEk ppeoosep.leItanisdbtehceaiursBeewlleSyasrteema mteaemmmbearteosf itnhemBeeetlilnSgytshteemir cthoamtmWonespteurrn Ecolemcmtriucnihcaastiocnosn. cIennttrhaitsedseanlswe,ayesveonnotuhre rleocnogr-drsanogfethdeev'5e0lospamnednt'60osf tairoensoffoirnfteurrethsternodetvaesloapcmcoemntp.lTishhempenastst iisnptrhoelomgsueelv. es but as prepara * The full text of the Judgment appears as the appendix of this book. 41 Structure o f W estern [Electric V I 1882W--etsoteprrnovEidleectthriec'sBeblalsSicysjtoebmiws imthuachretlhiaebsleamsoeurtocedaoyf haisgiht qwuaaslitiyn cBoemllmteulenpichaotinoenssineqtuhiepmcoeunnt.trIyna1n8d82a,nhaotwioenv-ewri,dtehenreetwwoerrke eoxnilsyte6d0o,0n0l0y yaseaarns ullattiemr,atien (1a9n6d4,tothsoemBeeslcl oTffeelresp, haonnuenlniektewlyo)rkaslpiinrkaetidone.aEcihghotfy-otwveor 7ri0simngi.llTiohnatBtehlilstneeletwphoorkneesxiwstisthasaallfltehxeiboleth, veersrs--atialned, atnhderenluiambbleerrekaeleitpys, that it continues to grow in service, is due in large measure to the com pselervxicaensdsucpopmliepdatbibyleWceosmtermnuEnlieccattriiocn.s equipment and the supporting muniNcaeteidolnessshatso gsareya,tltyhealvteorleudmetheofwparyesseinnt-wdahyichBeWll eSstyesrtnemEsleccotrmic ftielmls.itYseftuvnocltuiomneaosftdheemmaanndudfaocetsurniontgaalonndeseusptpablylisuhnittheofcthhaelleBneglle Saynsd tdheifsinfuentchtieonr.esponsibilities that Western Electric accepts in fulfilling the cAosurwseeohfacvoemsmeeunn,ic"anteiownsarstisn"ceinWteolreldphWonayr IhIa.vTehgeryeawtillyl ccohnatnigneude tvoiddinogsno,ewcreeaqtiunigpmfoerntWanesdtebrnettEelrecsetrrivcicteheinfuarntheerra cohfalilnednugsetroyf-wpirdoe technBoulotgmicaanl audfavcatnucrein. g products and supplying supporting services, wthhooulgehstboarys.icTahnedy amrea,joarftearspaelcl,tspaorftsWofEasstuomtalofaacctitvivitiyty, warheicnhoitnthites tTohtaeliutyniqguiveensesWs edsetreirvnesEflreocmtricthae pcloancceeputnoiqfuseerivnicAemtoertihcaenBienldluTsetrlye. phone companies. This concept is fundamental to the personality of 43 WofethsteercnomEpleacntyri'cs,fuunnciftyioinngfotrhetheeffBoertlls SoyfstWemE: pmeaonpulefacinturthineg,sisxysatreemass equipment engineering, installation, distribution, repair, and pur chasiAngd.etailed description of how and where WE people work within tohfeseorrvgiacneizcaotmiopnraislesstrtuhcetunreexot fchthaeptceor.mTphaenynitnoeficllomthpeairnycodmivmisoionngsoianl mthiesisriopnairnticthuelaBrietlyl Spyrostveimdeanthdesemrveeasnsthwe hdeerfeebnysethanedcsopmapceancyomfumlfuilnlsiciats tionsBneefeodrseoefxtahmeiGnionvgerthnme ednett.ails of operations, however, it is reason aanbldettoorseuvriveewytthheebfaosrimcaclosntcruepcttsuraenodfombjaencatigveems ethnat tincoWmepsatnerynmEalencatgreic mmiesnsitosneeokfssetroviicmeptloemtheentB. eTllhSesyestecmon. cAelpstos ianntdhisobcjhecatpivteersitdeisfinaepptrhoe pceridauteretso fsourmgmeanreirzaelthime pslteamndeinntgatcioonmmofitttehees wpohliicchiesesttahbaltishgutihdeeptrhoe management of the company's affairs in the continuing performance of the job. BASIC OBJECTIVES AND CONCEPT OF MANAGEMENT the pTuhbelicBedlelmSyasntde,maenxdistthsetocofunrtnriibsuhticoonmimt munaikcaetsiotonsthseervniacteiosntoalmweeelt rfeasrpeoinnsmiveeneteisnsg, atnhidscdoesmt oafnidtsdseeprveincdes. TuhpeonSythsteemspdeeevd,elqoupaeldityin,tveoglruamteed, rneeseedasr.cWh-deesvteerlnopEmleecntrtica,nads itmsamnuanfaucftaucrtiunrgi-nsgupapnldysuupnpitlsy utonitm, heaest thites raensdposnuspibpilliietsy tthoepyromvaidyeotrhdeeropfreormatinWgesctoemrnp,anwiehsenwriethquailrledm,aatetritahles lowest cost consistent with required quality and reliability. out cWomEpmanaynaogbejmecetinvteiss wchitahrg"etdhewhiitghhtehset dreesgproenesiobfilipteyrffoorrmcaanrrcyeinogf pwrhaiccthiceitsisacnaypwahbelerea."ndTihneraemaarnenesrevceonnsoisbtejencttiwveitsh itnheebveasltuiantidnugstrtihael effectiveness of management action in carrying out this responsibility: Firsth--igSheqrvuiacleit,yQaunadlitryeaasonndabCleoscto--stNs owtihlilnbge lseastsisftahcatnoryg.ood service, Secomndu--st Ebaernkienpgts --finTahneciablulysinheesasltmhyusstorethalaitzeitacdaenqudaotetheoarsneintghsin. gIst required to insure service, quality and cost objectives. 44 Third --Treatment and Performance --Fair treatment of the customer and pleasant performance must be the rule at all times, under all circumstances. Fouretmh p--loByaelea,ntcheedpCubonliscidanerdattihoens--haCreohnosliddeerramtiuosntobfetihnescouusntodmbaelra,nthcee and eminently fair to all. Fifthq--uaRteeseefafrocrht aonnd rDeseevaerlcohpmanendt--deTvheelorepmmeunstt bine caollnsftiaenldtsanodf aoduer endeavors for progress in production, quality and employment conditions. Sixthn--evLeor nbgeRoavnegreloPoklaendniinngt--heThsoeluimtiopnorotafncceurorefntht eprloonblgempusl.l Lmounsgt range planning is essential to continued success. Sevecnothnc--erSnteadtuarree vaistalatoMsaunccaegsesmfuelnmt --anIangteemgreintyt. and dignity by all THE STRUCTURE OF M ANAGEM ENT speciTfihcecsoemspeavneny pcoolnicsiiedsereavtieornrsefaerre. Ictownsatsa,nftosrtionswtahnicceh, tgheendereaslireantdo integrate service operations and increase their value in terms of the cicheaDngivinisgionneeindsa omfatjhoer cBoemllpSaynsytermeotrhgaant ilzeadtitoontahnencoruenactieodnoonf AthuegSusetrv1, 1g9ra6m2., Swimhiiclahrlyaf,feWctsE'sevceoryntiansupiencgt oanf dopseeraartciohninsg, dceorsivt ersedfurocmtionanpdrois scuosptps.oArtelsdo,btyhesdeieseovbelniggaotiaolns aorfe mofaenqaugaelmiemnptotrot, meaacihntsaeirnvirnegastoonsaubple port tLhoenogt-hrearnsg.e planning, for example, both requires and encourages vaingdorsoeuesksretosecaorcnhtinauned tdheevterlaodpimtioenntopfrsougpraemrlast,ivceonsterrivbiuctee,shtiogheaqrunainligtys and lIotwiscaoscththalaletnisgitnhge pbreodgrroacmk,oifnodueredb,usfoinresms.anagement The ques tion is, who is management? ciencIynatnhde esfefnescetivthenaetsesa, cwheoafreusalplemrfaonramgserhs.isHjoowb ewvietrh, imnaaxnimorugmaneizffai ttioosneeashloawrgeallanddiecaocmtivplietixesaosfWalelsetemrnploEyleecetsriicn,teirt-irselsaotme eatnimd ecsondtirfifbicuutlet teoxiasnt ausltiomnlayteaenvder.yThviasgbueein"tghesoy,."mYanetagtheme esntrtuccatunrseomofetWimEesmseaenmagteo mterennta, nfdolbloawseindgotnhethneolromgiaclocforrepvoireawteahniderdaerclehgya,tiiosnq.uite clear in pat 45 Western Electric is 99.82 per cent owned by the American Tele pbahsoincedairnedctTioenleigsrainpvheCstoedmpinanay.bLoaikrde tohfedoirthecetroBrse.llInSy1s9te6m4, cthoemrpeawnieerse, 1o4ffiDceirrseocftothrse: csoixmpparonmy.inent business leaders, one educator and seven The Board in its discretion appoints various of its members to its tEhxeecpuotwiveersCoofmthmeitBteoea.rTdhoef EDxireeccuttoivrseiCnotmhemmitateneagceamn eenxterocfistehemaofsftaiorsf oDfirtehcetocrosm. pHaonwyedvuerri,ngthteheEixnetceurvtiavles bCeotwmemeinttemeeedtoinegssnooftthheavBeoparodwoefr toordoonaannyumcobmermoifttteheinogfst,hinecBluodairndg. tAhlesof,ililtinmgaoyf vnaoctaanmcieensdonthtehebyB-loaawrds of thAescoCmhipeafnyE.xecutive Officer of the company, the President super vtoisrse,s,thdeirbecutssi,neasnsdacnodntarfoflasi,rssuobfjtehcet tcoomthpeacnoyn. trol of the Board of Direc THE EXECUTIVE POLICY COM M ITTEE ComTmhietteEexoefcuthtieveBPooarlidcyofCDomiremctiottrese, aisltnhootugthhethsaemreemasaythbeeEcxoemcuptainvye Vice Presidents who are members ofboth. appoTinhteedExbeycuthtievePPreosliidceynCt otommreivtiteewe irseccoommpmoesneddatoifonVsicoef Pcroemsipdaennyts wcoimdemsiitgteneifsi,caanncdetosutbamkeittaepdprboypdriiavtiesioanctsi,oonffoicnertsheasnedrreecgoumlamreonrdsaptieocniasl. Ospneciitasl ostwudnieisnirteialatitvine,g tthoebEroxaedcuotuivtleinPesoloicfycoCmopmanmyitpteoeliccyananodriogpineartae atipopnrsopanridatetocoamssmiginttetoespiocrsdfiovrisicoonnss.ideration and recommendations to visioTnsh,eeamcahnuangdemeretnhteodfitrheceticoonmopfaanyViisceunPdreesritdaeknetn, athnrdouegahchniinnetudrin responsible to the President the liTmhietsmofatnhaegceommepnatnyofpothliecyv,aarniodutshodsievliismiointss airseapurtoomnopmteodubsywsoituhnidn ctioonnssidienrastpioecnifoifccaormeapsanwyhreerseultthseanPdreosbijdeecntitvoesr. B(ToahredreoafreDsioremcetoerxscheaps dofefliecgeratteodactht feorauatnhootrhietyr dainvdisiorenspoornfosirbtihlietyentotiroenceomdipvaisniyo.n) or to one officeIrns awdhdoitiaorne atomothneg tEhxeecoufftiicveersOeflfeiccetersd abnydthceertBaoinardadomfiDniisrtercattoivres tthiveereOafrfeicesorsm, ew1h0o0 Aardemaipnpisotrianttievde. OInffictehriss agnrdouApssaisrteantthAe dhmeiandisstroaf 46 manadjorthoerigranmizaajtoironasssaitsthaenatsd.quTahretesres,mtheenmimanpalgeemrsenatt vcaormiopuasnlyocpaotiloicnys through the various divisions and through a number of standing and speciLalikceommmositttelaersg. e corporations, Western Electric does much of its planning through committees as a convenient means for establishing pBrooacredduorfesDtioreicmtoprlse,moetnhteprsolbicyiest.hAe sPnroesteidde, nstomore aortehearppooffiincteerds boyf tthhee company. These committees operate within specified areas. In policy mbraotatedresr tohranmtahteteprsresocfribceodmapuatnhyoristiygnoiffitchaencpearwtichuiclahr creoqmumirietteaec,titohne cCoommmmiitttteeee'sforreccoomnsmideenradtaitoinonasndaraectiporne,sented to the Executive Policy tion hTehreer.eTahreeseaarneummabdeer uopf liamrgpeolrytaonftEcxoemcumtiivtteeeOsfftihceartswanadrrAandtmmineins tbryatSiveecrOetfafricye'srsOarngdanthizeaitriofunn.5*8ctions are described in the GI series issued sonnTelheCsoemcommitmteiett;eeLsaabroer: ERmelpaltoioynese BCeonmemfititCteoem; mRiettaelety; GCeonmermalitPteeer; CRoesnetarirbcuhtioannds aDndevMeloempmbeernsthiCpsomCmomittmeeit;teMe;aPnuabgleimcaetinotnsDCevoemlompimtteene;t Advisory Committee; Vail Medal Committee of Award. THE CHAIN OF SUPERVISION identTshaenvdarAiodums ilninisetraantidvestaOffffoicregrasnwizailtliobnes rdeepsocrritbinegd tointhdeetVaiilceinPrtehse nmeixgthtchbaepwteirs.eAtos othuitslinpeoitnhte, sintruthceturdeisocuf sssuipoenrvoifsiWonE: CMhiaenfaEgexmeceuntitviet OtivffeiceOr;ffEicxeer;cuStiuvpeeOrifnfitceenrd;eAndt;mAinsissitsratatinvte SOufpfiecreirn;tAensdsiesntat;ntDAedpmairntmisternat ChieTf;hSeecftuionnctiCohnisef.of the Chief Executive Officer and Executive, Aabdomvein. iTsthreatsivuepearnindteAnsdseinsttalnetvAeldims uinsuisatlrlaytirveefeOrrfefidcetorsahsatvhee fboeuernthnloetveedl of management in Western Electric. Included in this group are man- t5hIrteemfaoyrmbse. n(o1t)edGheenreeratlhaItnsctorumcptiaonnys dairreectthiveesprainncdipianlstirnufcotrimonastiaorne opnubwlihsihcehd ailnl odtuhteiers,drireescptoionnsisbiolirtieins satrnudctaiounthsoarirtey boafsEedx.ecBuatisvicealalnydthAedymcinoivsetrrattihvreeeOfafriceearss:; dthee sdcurtiipetsivoefcmhaarjtosrschoomwminigttethese. g(e2n)erDalirsetrcuticvteusrearoef oisrsguaendiztaotioenst;atbhlieshmtehmebedrusthieips aanndd rstersupcotniosnibsilaitrieesisosfuceodmtopainnyforomfficoerrgsaannizdattihoenspoolfictihese wsuhbicjehctthmeyattimerpolefmtehnet.G(I3's) aInnd the Directives. 47 aSgheorpss oafs DwiesltlriabsuctienrgtaiHnomusaensa,gIenrsstainllasttiaofnf oArgreaansizaatnidonsMaatnhufeaacdtquurianrg ters. At all company locations except major Works and Plants and sHpeoat.dquarters the superintendent is the chief management man on the portiAngtytopihciaml .suInpetruinrntenthdeenttyphiacsalthasresiestaasnstisstuapnetrsinutpeenrdinetnetnhdaesnttshrreee dloecpaatirotmn etontlocchaiteifosnraenpdorftrionmg dtoivihsiimon. tDoedpiavritsmioenn. tSsovmaerymiannusfiazcetufrrionmg sloincgalteiocnosmhpaovneendte.pOartthmerendtespaorftmmeonrtes,tphaarntic1u0l0arlpyeoinpleenwgionrekeirnigngoannda hstiagfhflyortgeacnhinziactaiol nosr pmroafyeshsiaovnealansaftuewre oasf tthweowpoerkoppleerfboermcaeuds.e of the ATht me oinssttlaolclaattiioonnso, rthgeansiezcattiioonncohfietfhies tSheervfiicrsetDleivveilsioofnmhaansagaeumneiqnut.e6 yperoabr.leOmn isnmcaollnjdoubcst,inwghewroerikt aist nthootufseaansidbsleoftodhifafevreenatfluolclattiimonesseuvpeerry vtaiisnorsautpethrveissoitrey, afunn"citniocnhsartogep"emrfaonrmis bfreetqwueeenntlyvisniatsmferdo.mHbeishadsecsiegr nated job supervisor. T8hAetrseoamreeroelldaetrivloelcyastimonalsl,nthuemrbeearrseoaflsthoegsreo,uhpowcheiveefrs., who report to the section chiefs. 48 T h e Nine Divisions vn WestTehrnis EclhecatprtiecrDsiuvmismioanrsi,zeasndthies, athcetirveiftoierse, cnaercreiesdsaroilny breypltehtee wniinthe dweitlal iol.bTschuerreethisecfooncsuesqoufetnhtelyoavedraanllgpeurrtphoastedoife tchoisncceonmtrpalteixonofoanctdiveittayil. For this reason it might be well to preface the descriptions that follow withTahegegneenrearlaolbosbesrevravtaiotinonancdomaebsrcielofsreetvoiebwe.ing a truism; it is simply this:Eaacctihviaticetsivairtye nuontdecratrarkieednobnyfaonr tehmeiprlooywene siaskae.contribution to the cdoempepnadnsy'nsout ljtuimstaoten tohbejeccatriveews iathndwhthicehviatliusepeorffoarnmyeedffaosrta, pthaerrteicfuolraer, othpeerwathioolnebeuntdoeanvtohre. Fcoonr ttrhiibsurteioansoint,mitaiksews teolltthoeboevaerrainll mexicnedlltehnacteaolfl cthoemmacotinviptiuerspoosfe,aljluWst Easoarlglanthizeatmioenms baerres coafrrtiheed BonelltoSyfsutretmhewr othrke togetWheirt.hin Western Electric, the concepts and objectives of manage fmoerntth,eascoomutplainneyd'sienffthoretpinrepvrioovuisdcinhgapttheer,pprroodvuicdtes tahnedgseenrevriaclesdiwreacnttioedn pbayntyhetoBfiellllitTs eoltehpehromneisscioomn poafnsieersv.icTehteo stahme enavtiaolnu.es enable the com ing pTohlieciveasriporuosmcpotmedmbityteWes Esu'sppoblyjegcetinveersalanpdrofcoerdumreasnafgoirnigmtphleemcoenmt plaatninyg's oabffjeaicrtsi.veTshaensdupperrovciesodruyrehsieirnatrochayctiporno,veidveaslutahteinmgetahnesroefsptorannsse, aonrgdaansizsueritnhge tahceticvoitmiems oonf peuarcphosoefotfheeffnoirnt.eADnidviasliloonfs tihnetsoewopheicrahtethtoe complex of Western Electric is divided administratively. 49 turinTg,heSseervDiciev,isAiodnms,ineiasctrhathioena,deEdngbiyneaerVinicge, DPreefseindseentA, catriev:itiMesa,nLuefgaacl aPnladnPniantge.nt, Finance, Personnel and Public Belations, and Organization ActivTihtireese--oefmtphleosye aDbiovuistio9n5sp--erMcaennutfaocftWuriEngp,eSoeprlveicaen,danarde Ddierfeecntslye concTerhneedcowmitphontheentfuolrfgilalmnieznattioonfsWaEn'ds mgriossuiposn.within each of these Dthieviirsipoanrstirceuqluairreopaerwaitdioensr.anNgoetoefvjeorbyosnkeillsinanMdainnutefarecstutsrintog caacrtruyalolyn pDriosdtruibceustinagpHrooduuscet oorrcdairrreyctosutthionssetawllahtoiodnow. Torok ocpalelrsatfeorasuWpporokrstinogr services in wide array: engineers, draftsmen, accountants, industrial, lpalbanonr ianngdppeuobplliec,rteolantiaomnsepbeurstoannfeelw, .nuBresceas,usgeuatrhdesy, satreenoegmrpaplohyeerds, aatnda particular location in a particular Division, they are carried as mem bersTohf ethoatthDerivsiisxioWn.E Divisions --Administration, Engineering, Legal aPnladnPniantegn--t,aFrienacnhcieef,lyPecrosnocnenrenleadnwdiPthubplriocvBideilnagtiodnirse,catniodnO, ardgvaniciez,atainodn agsastiiostnasn,caenidn mthoesirt --pabrtuitcunloatr afilell--dsoofftihnetepreesotpsleasindetfhienseed Dinivtihseioirnsdealree located at company Headquarters in New York. In terms of empMloyAeeNs, UthiFs Ais CbyTfaUr RtheINlarGgest of the nine Divi osifoanlsl.WTEhepetootpalle.number of employees accounts for about 63 per cent in WTehsteeranrrEaylecotfripcrtoodtualcstssoamnde 5th0,e0i0r0cdoimffpeorennetntitepmarst.sTmheanluisftacctouvreerds pevheornyetshianrge fmroamnutfealcetpuhroedneast (Iannddianaapscoolirse Wofordkifsf)eraenndt tsywpietschobfoaterdles, sthweiitrchcoinmgpeoqnueinptmpeanrtts,.wAirgeooadndnucmabbleer, omfitchreosweaivteemssysatreemms,adtoe minaqnuyanof ftieteyt--ofabwoiurtesaenvdencmabillleio. nMtealneyphootnheesrsa, yheoawr,efvoerr,inasrtaenmcea,daendonbliylliionnsthoef hspuencdiraelidzsedorfuthnocutisoannsdsordutorinmgatihnetacinoutrhsee osefrtvhieceyaebailrittyo poefrBfoerlml Shyisgthelmy equipTmheernet wishsiicmhihlaars cboenetnralostngininsiuzsee: tchroousgsbhasrtiflrlarmeleiasboleveinr oepigehrattfioenet, high and thermistors so small they are nearly invisible. Some WE productslikecoilsandcertainmechanical switches arerelativelysim50 pfuiencttoionunadsertsotasnede;moathtefrisrstargelasnocecoinmcpalpeaxblien oafssuenmifbolyrm, soqusapleitcyiaplrion dpurocvtiiodne. tTwhoe-wuanydterrasnesams isresipoenatoevrsertahastinWgleesutnerdnerEselaesctcriacblper,ofdourceexsamto ple, consist of painfully precise assemblies of 5,000parts built to provide at leaOstn2e0tyheinargs oisf ccoonmtimnuoonutsosearlvl itchee.se items despite their diversity of size,Svoulpupmoert,eadndbyfutnhcetitorand: itthioenmoafrkcroafftusnmifaonrsmhihpiwghhiqcuhalditayt.es from the finonuonvdaintigonofinthperocdoumctpaannyd, smeraviinctea,inWedesbteyrnthEeleqcutreicst qfuoarlictyonitsincuoimng ppeorusnodnendel.frOomf eqfiunaelmimapteorriatalsn,ceenisgitnheeecrionngcesrktielldseafnfodrtthbey aelflfoWrtsE opfeoabpllee to prTovhiedesceaqleuiopfmthenetjoanbdinseirtvseiclfesmaatktehsethmiossatnreiamsmoneanbsleecchoasltlepnogssei.bTleo. meet the challenge so that all parts of WE's total manufacturing effort cuonndterribtuhtee dtoirtehcetiocnomopfaanyV'sicoevePrraelsligdoeanlts,, hthase Mfouanr umfaacjoturrisnugbdDivivisisioionns,, eachThheeasdeesdubbdyivaisVioicnes aPrree:sident. BaltiVmiocere PWreosrikdse,nItn--diManaanpuoflaisctWuroinrkgs--, KAereaarnyAWhaosrkrseapnodrtitnhge Btoufhfaimlo PinlaNnatssHaeu aSlmsoelitsinrgesapnodnsRibelfeinfionrgsCupoemrvpiasnioyn, Ionfc.th(eseceomCphaanpyte'sr i8n)t.erest ColuVmibceusPWresoirdkesn, t--HaMwatnhuofrancetuWrinogrk--s,ArOeaklaBhohmaas rCeiptoyrtWingorktos hainmd iOnmtearehsat WinoTrkesle. tHypeeisCaolrspoorreastpioonnsainbldeMfoarnsuufpaecrtvuirseiro'ns JoufntchteiocnoRmapialwnya'ys ComVpaicney P(breostihdednist--cuMsseadnuinfaCcthuarpintegr--8A).rea C has reporting to him AMlelernritmowacnk WVaolrlkeys, W(aonrkds,thaendLNauorrethldaClaeroPlilnaantW), oKrkasn.sas City Works, DivisVioicneCPormespidtreonllte--r ManadnuEfnagcitnureienrgofStMaffanhuafsacrtuepreo.rting to him the this mThaenaggeenmereanltaanrde slpisetceidficindudteiteasi,lrienspthonesGib.iIl.it2iess,erainesd, apuutbhloisrhiteiedsboyf tshuervSeyectrheetavrya'rsiooursgaitneimzastiporno.dAuct ethdisatpeoaicnht iotfmthigehlot cbaetiomnosreinhtehlepftuhlretoe bMyatnhuefaocrtguarinnigzaAtiorenass,reapnodrttihnegn troevthieewVbircieefPlyrethsiedefunnt--ctiMonasnpuefarfcoturmrinedg Staff.An understanding of die organization of the Manufacturing Divi- 51 sqiuoenstrieoqnuoirfessema abnrtiiecfs,driegarlelyss.iWonoirndtsoliiknetr"aPcloamntp,"an"Wy oterrkms,i"naonlodg"yS. hIot'pss,a" wmhaeynnocat pailtwalaiyzesdbehacvleeasrpaencdifitchemdeiasntiinngctsioantsWdoEn, otht onuegchesstahreilyreaaspopnlys elsewThoetraekienotnheeeBxealml Splyes,teWme.bster's defines "plant" as ". .. the machin reyryin,gapopnaarattruasd,efioxrtumreesc,heatnc.i,casol moreotitmheesr itnhdeursetarilaelsbtautseineemssp."loIyneWd ienstcearrn Ethleercetriacreusoangley, t"wPloanWt"EhaPslaanmtso--rewliitmhitaedcampeitaanlinPg..OSntreicitslyatspBeuafkfianlgo,, NewSYpeocrkif;ictahlelyo, t"hPelarnint"Lreafuexrseltdoalaes, ePpeanrnastey,lvmanediai.um-sized manufactur ing facility, encompassing several "Shops." "Shop" is used to describe apromdauncuefsacotnuerinpgarutinciutlaurndperordtuhcet fdaimreiclyti,onlikoef carossuspbearrinetqeunidpemnte,ntthoart dcaebsilge.naMteadjoWr moraknsu.fTachteurreinagrefac1i1litWiesE, wWhoicrkhscaonmdprthiseeymaarneyreSshpoopnss,ibarlee for thFeivgereoafttbhueslke oWfothrkescoopmepraatney'ssamtelalnituefaSchtouprisngwiotuhtlpaurtge manufac ptuhryinsigcalflaycialiptaierst freommpltohyeinWgosrikzsatbolewhniucmhbeearcsh orefppoertosp. lTeheanBdurlloincgattoend mShisospisle, gfourideaxnacmepelqeu, iwpmheernet fthore thSepeaarkmeerpdhfoonrceesanadregmroaudne,dcroavdearsr waneldl overW70i0th,00t0hessqeuadriestfinecettioonfsmiannumfaicntdu,ritnhgespcaocnes.titution of the three Manufacturing Areas is easier to understand. It is as follows: Manufacturing -- A rea A Facility Principal Products BBaallttimimooreh,kMWdo. rks Tcaoblll,eexchange, coaxial, and submarine Occupied 1930 TCealbelpehtoenrme icnoarldss and plugs TReurbmbeinr-aclosvtreirpesd awnidreprotectors TBounfafwaloondPal,aNnt. Y. Occupied 1946 TEeqlueipphmonenetcworidrsing cable IEnnsaumlaeteleddwwiirree 52 I(nMdaiainnAPFlaOnUtS) W orks Indianapolis, Ind. Occupied 1950 Washington Street Shop IOncdciaunpaiepdol1i0s,57Ind. K(MeaarinnyPlWanotr)ks KOecacrunpyi,edN1. 9J2.5 Marion Shops JOecrsceuypiCedity1,94N7. J. FFaaiirr LLaawwnn,SNho. pJs. Occupied 1958 CCllaarrkk SThoowpnship, N. J. Occupied 1959 MQuidedenlesbVoirlloagSeh,oNp. Y. Occupied 1929 Telephone sets and components Miscellaneous subscriber apparatus Switchboards and consoles KCaeybleeq, uwiiprme ent MReilsacyesl,lajnacekosu,skweyisred equipment PRoecrttaifbielerstest sets Power equipment Coils, resistors, transformers, keys cSoumbmpoanriennetscable repeaters and Miscellaneous woodwork M anufacturing-- A rea B Facility Principal Products CCoolluummbbuuss, WOhoiroks Ceqruosipsbmaernatnd electronic switching Occupied 1959 RInedlauycsto, risn,ctlruadnisnfgorwmierers,spnreitnwgotrykpse H(MawaitnhPolrannet)W orks OChccicuapgioe,dI1ll9in05ois sSwteiptc-hbiyn-gsteepq,upipamneeln, ta; nadnneoleucntrcoenmicenPtBX sRyesltaeyms,s,cpapoawceitroersq,usiwpmitcehnet,s,cajabclkes,,wkieryes TFerarnristfeosr,mtoeorlss, inductors, networks 53 BCeledaforirndgPSkh.o, pIlslinois Occupied 1937 Montgomery Shops Montgomery, Illinois Occupied 1955 OOkkllaahhoommaaCCitiyt,y OWkolar.ks Occupied 1960 O maha W orks OOmccauhpai,edN1e9b5. 8 PSoteleellsintreahnadrdware WDairtae-sPphroinnge rdealatayssets Test sets CCoroinsstbealerpshwointcehsing equipment RReeslaisytsors CRreolasysbs,airnacnluddiPnBgXwsirweitscphriinngg etyqpueipment Cable and wire M anufacturing-- A rea C Facility Principal Products AAlllleenntotwonw,nPWa. orks SEelemcitcroonndtuucbteosrs Occupied 1948 DMreyrcruereydraenladysmercury switches Switchboard lamps Kansas City W orks OLecec'uspSieudm1m96it1, Mo. LLaauurheeldldaalel,ePPal. ant Occupied 1952 M(MearirnimPalacnktV) alley W orks NOoccrtuhpiAendd1o9v5e6r, Mass. Semiconductors EDlreyctrreoendtaunbdesmaenrdcusrwy istwchitbcohaersd lamps TCealrerpiehroannedrempiecartoewrsave radio relay equipment SEelemcitcroonndtuucbtoerss Carrier and radio relay, telephone, teeqluegiprampehntand television transmission Tcoeilles,pthroannsefoanrmd etresl,ecgarpapachitroerpse, aretesrisst,ors, ferrites; Synthetic quartz crystal 54 Lawrence Shop LOacwcurepniecde,19M5a7ss. N(Moratinh PClaanrto)lina W orks WOcicnustpoine-dS1al9e5m4, N. C. WChinasthtoanm-SHaloeamd, SNh.oCps. Occupied 1946 Waughtown Street Shops WOcincustpoine-dS1a9le4m7, N. C. BBuurrlliinnggttoonn, SNh.opCs. Occupied 1946 GGrreeeennssbboorroo, SNh.oCps. Occupied 1950 bTeelllebpohyonererceepievaetresrs and carrier TInra-bnasmndisssiigonnaeliqnugipumnietsnt Wage guide type equipment Military equipment Military relays, deposited carbon rMesiissstiolers,guciadpaancciteoresquipment MSpieliatkaeryrpehqouniepment MPriisnstieled gwuiirdinagncbeoaerqdusipment PDraetcaistiroannsgmeaisrssioanndsyssetrevmosmechanisms M anufacturing-Staff ComTphtreollMeraannudfachtuisrinstga-fSftaafnfd otrhgeanEiznagtiinoene, rcoofmMpraisniunfgactthuere Dainvdisihoins sthtaeff,foisllolowciantgedparitnccoipmapl afnuynchteioadnsq:uacroteorrsdiinnatNinegw mYaonrkufaancdturcianrgrieesngoin naleleorciantginganpdrodcuocsttiornedpurocgtiroanmsp,raongaralymzsin, gporeppearartiinngg pcearpfiotarml abnucdeg, ectos, oWrdEinsautbinsigdilaarbieosr. and industrial relations and handling relations with D ivision Comptroller and sBearvsiiccaelloyr,gtahneizaDtiiovnisifoonr oCthoemrpptarortlsleor'fsthgeroMupanaucftasctausriangcoDnisvuisltiionng. sAivmeodnegvtehloepamsseingtnpmreongtrsamcarirniveodlvoiuntgoanppaliccoantitoinnutiongbubsaisniessissparnocaegdgurreess orefseelaerccthrotneicchdnaiqtaupesroacnedssicnlegraicnadl optrhaecrtinceews..oTrheevosltvafifngmdeamtabaernsdamlseot:hod 55 1. Develop, interpret and distribute Divisional instructions. 2re.laCtionogrdtionatthee, aDnaivlyiszieona,nadnpdubadlivsihsefinaanndciaalssaisntdocnosetffaeccctoivuentainugdidtiantga procedures. Sco. oArddivniasteinagndreaqsusiirsetmonenvtsariaonuds mauetthhoordizsinogf ipnuvrecnhtaosrey coofncteronltrianlclylupduinrg rcihaalsseodr rpaawrtsmiantererisatlrsi,ctaenddsuauppthlyo.rizing the redistribution of raw mate 4relaStuiopnpslymaadtvteircse aanndd acsosoirsdtainncaetetothemmanwufitahcitnurtihnge Dloicvaitsiioonns aonndlawbiothr other divisions and assist in the formulation of general labor relations pinodliucsietrsi,alanredlaptiroonvsidmeamtteurcsh. the same advice and assistance as regards 5th. eAAndalmyzineisatnradticoonorDdiivniastieonq,uaalrltoecralytepprroodduuccttiioonneasmtimonagtetshseuWbmoirtktesdabndy arranWgehifloer tfhirims qdeusacrrtieprtliyonproisdubcytionno emsteimanasteisnbclyuseiavceholfocaaltlioanr.eas of iinndteirceastte ttohethraengMeaannudfadcetuprtihngofDliiaviissoinoncaCrroimedptoruotllebry, tihtisdooergsasneirzvaetioton wwiitthhinoththeer oMrgaannuizfaactitounrsinwgitDhiivnisthioencoanmdpaonny.behalf of Manufacturing Engineer of Manufacture coordSiinmaitleasrlyth,ethweidEenrgainngeeerooffenMgainneuefraicntguraectoivrgitaiensizcaatirornieddiorenctwsitahnidn tahnedMhisanstuaffaf:cturing Division. To this end, the Engineer of Manufacture e1s. sCesoallnadboprraoteduwctitdhesBigelnlsTthelaetpwhoilnl eheLathbeorraetsoproienssiboinlitmy aotfertihaels,Mparnouc facturing Division. p2.raActlilcoecsa,taenadndfaccoiloitrideisn.ate the development of manufacturing processes, Sti.onDs.etermine long-range space requirements for manufacturing loca 4aspMecatsin. tain and coordinate a vigilant cost reduction program in all its 5in.gCDoilvleicsitoannpdropdruepctasrefotrescahlneictoalliicnefnosremesa.tion concerning Manufactur 6U..SN. eGgoovtieartnemceonnttrcaocvtseribnegtwmeaennutfhacetuMriannguffaaccitluitriiensgtoDibveisipornovainddedthoer 56 financed by the Government for the manufacture of products for the Government. 7n.ewCoplrloadbourcatteunwdietrh dtheveeElonpgmineenetriwngillDbievipsiuornchtoasdedeteorrmminaenuwfahcettuhreerda, and on broad aspects of Western Electric-Bell Telephone Laboratories relationships, coordination, and planning. SERVICE atedTohneASuegruvsicte1,D19iv6i2sioinn aanredortghaeniAzadtmioinnisdtersaitgionnedDtioviassiosunrewtehree ccorne ttihneuninegedrsesfpoornistisvseenrevsiscethsrboyugthhechBaenllgTinegletpimhoensebcyoWmpeasnteierns. Electric to ServiRcee-pEoarstitn, gin tNo etwheYoVrikc;eVPicreesPidreesnitd-Senetr-vSiceerviacree-:WeVsitc,einPCrehsiicdaegnot;GJeersneeyr;alGMenaenraagleMr-Saynsatgeemr-sStEafqfu, ilpomcaetnedt EinngNineewerYinogr,k.in Newark, New agersReopfotrhteingNtoortdhieeaVstiecrenPRreesgiidoenn,t-ESaesrtveircne-REaesgtioanreatnhde GSeonuethraelrnMRane Mgioann.agReerspoorftinthgetoSotuhtehwVeiscteernPreRseidgeionnt-,SMervoiucnet-aWine-sNtoartrhewtehset GReegnieorna,l PacifAict RthegeiotnimaendthCeernetorargl aRneizgaiotino.n was announced, WE President Htio.nI., RseormvinceestsoaBide,l"lWTeelsetperhnoEneleccotrmicphaansietshraenedbnaasitciomnaislsdioenfesn--sep. rIondtuhce cthoemrpeasnpyo'nssnibeiwlitisetrsuacstsuirgenethde.s.e. b.asic missions are directly reflected in stalla"tTiohne annedwESqeurivpimceenDtivEinsigoinn,eebryinlginokninag rDegisiotrniablutbioansi,s,Rwepilalirb,riInng uwshcelnosteerletpohdoineepteeocphlneowloegyseirsvec.hTanhgisinisg essopefcaisatllyAismsuproinrgtantht eatqauatilmitye aqnudiredseclilvoesreywoofrkthinegmrealnaytionneswhipasndoncoamcpolnetxinBuienlgl Sbyassties.mTsheervriecgeisonreal worigthantihzeatoiopneroaftitnhge uSneirtvsicoef DthieviBsieolnl Sshyostuelmd parsotvhiedeBursanacshclLoasbeoaralitaoirsioens in ouPrrefavciotoursietsodtohewcirtheatthioenSoyfsttehme'sSreersveicaercDh iavnisdiodne,vdeilsotprimbuetniot nunaintd" iznasttioalnlsatijoonineadctsivtriuticetsurwaellrye ucnardreierdthoentbidyesTepealerpatheonneatiSoanlewsi.dAe lothrgoaungih nmoawnaignetreigalrlayteidntwo istehveSnysgteemogsraEpqhuicipaml reengtioEnns,gitnheeeyripnrgovaindde foarigralynidzeisd tinct functions. A review of what WE people concerned with distribu 67 tion, installation, and Systems Equipment Engineering do, therefore, seems in order. Distribution compTahniiretys-wfiveeseDrviset.riTbhuetisnegHHoouusesse,smlionskt oWf EwhtoichthheavBeeblleeTnelbeupihlot noer replaced since World War II, serve as both supply centers and repair shopsW. Es first Distributing House was established in Philadelphia in 1B9e0ll1Twelheepnhothnee fCirosmt sptaannideasrpdlascuepdpltyhecior notrrdaecrtswdiarsecstilgynoedn.WBEefofarcetothrieens., The company did no reconditioning work. The growth of the Bell Sys tietsmscnoeptweoorfk,sehrovwiceev.eMr, ocrreeattheadnatnhaeet,dtfhoer aWdveastnetrangeEsleocftriac ctoenitnrcarleizaesde sculepaprllyy dseermviocnestorantead dbayy-tthoe-daoypebraatsiiosn.anTdhedurreipnagiremanedrgerenccoiensdiwtioenre winagsoaf neaqtuuirpaml aednjtubncyttthoethcoemsuppanpylyfsoerrvthicee.BTelhleTfeollelopwhoinnge tcaobmlepailnluiess trates the growth of Distributing Houses since 1901. House Inaugurated PSetnLnsoyulviasn..i.a....(.f..o..r.m....e.r..ly Philadelphia)........11990012 DKaennsavse rC..i..t.y....................................................................................................... 11990033 ISlalninoFirsa..n..c..i.s..c..o...............................................................................................11990034 CNienwcinYnoartki ................................................................. 11990044 APittltasnbtuarg.h....................................................................... 11990045 ILnods iAa nnag.e..l.e..s..................................................................... 11990086 SMeiantntleea.p..o...l.i.s................................................................................................... 11990077 BDaolslatosn.....................................................................11990088 PMoirctlhaingdan.......................................................................11991008 HCloeuvsetloannd . ...............................................11991122 New Orleans................................................ 1912 58 ) Connecticut Washington (formerly New Haven) .. .................................... ..............11992133 MLoinlwgaIusklaened ..(.f..o..r..m....e..r.l..y...B....r.o...o..k...l.y...n..).......................... 11992264 New Jersey Jacksonville (formerly Newark)........ ................................... ..........11992267 SNyarsahcvuisllee ................................................. ............11995553 CPharooelinniaxs....................................................................................... ..... ... 11995588 WMeisatmchie..s.t.e..r................................................................. .......1980 .......1981 SOamlt Lahakae...C..i.t.y............... .................. .... 11996623 v- locatAeds ninotqeduaarbteorvseb, uthilet msinacjoerWityoorlfdthWe aDr iIsIt.riIbnutsionmg eHcoausseess, athree nnoeww i qwuearreteorrsigihnaavlleybeesetanblrieslhoecda.tAeds asoremsueltm, siloems efroofmthethneamceitsiehsavwehcehraentgheedy. For example, when distribution people in Illinois moved from Chicago tHooWusee.stTChehiscaamgoe,htohledsntarmuee fworasthcehfaonrgmeedr tNoetwhaerkIllHinoouisse,Dniostwribcuatlilnedg tshyelvaNneiwa DJeisrtsreiybuHtinougseHoaunsde,loncoawtedloicnatethdeintowthne oPfhiUlandioelnp;htihaesuPbeunrnb ( oHfoKusiengatoCfhParrulossttiea,;NthoerthInCdairaonlainHa,oaunsdethate CInodnianneacptiocluist;HtohueseC, Oarroalningees, ConnTeycptiiccuatl.ly, a WE Distributing House stocks about 10,000 different iftreomms sintactliuodnienrgy mtoatleirnieamlsaonf'sWtoEolms a--ntuhfaatcttuhree acnomd pthaenympanuyrcshuapspeslieasn--d ssteotsckasreforrecthoendBiteiollnTedeleinphtohneeDciosmtrpibauntiiensg. SHoomuese10re,0p0a0i,r00s0hoteplsepahnonnue aalslyte, laeltoynpgewwriitthermeqanuyipmotehnetr, tsywpietschobfocaordms,maunndiccaetinotnraslaopfpfiacreaatunsd, esluecch troniAc teqeuaicphmDenisttributing House, the physical plant, shipping, repair fTuonctthioisnsenadn,d WbilElinpgeopprolecesdturirvees acroensbtaasnetldyotno thimepcroonvceeptht eoifr sseerrvviiccee. tohrrdoeurgahndreddeulcivtieorny. of costs and the shortening of intervals between mateDriaelsspioterdtehreedimthmroeungshitythoefsethDeisjtorbib, umtionrgeHthoaunses98bypethrecBenetll oTfelaell phone companies is delivered on schedule --and WE is actively seek 59 r icnregatsoe binet"tsearmeevednayth"isderleicvoerridesAdsuarirnegsurletc, ethnetryeeahrass. bIneetnheasmamarekespdirIint, dovisetrritbhuetipoanstanddecraedpea,idrecsopsittse hinacvreeabseeesninreodpuecreadtincglocsoesttsoa2n0d plaebrocre. nt Bell TSpealecpehionneevceormypDainsytr,iabnudtisnpgecHiaoluasreeaissraerseeernvgedinfeoerreudseanbdyetqhueiplopceadl fSoyrstteemleptehaomnwe ocorkm, pdaisntyribtruutcioknlpoeaodpinlegwinormkossidt ehobuysseisd.eIlwluitshtratetilnepghBoenlel company personnel to get the job done economically, swiftly and accu rdauterilnyg. Tehmeeragdevnacnyt.agTeshaotf cthoims mteuanmicwaotiroknsarseersvtricikeisngdlaymdaegmedonsotrradteed stroyed during hurricanes, for instance, are so quickly restored to nor mal is, in large measure, the result of this teamwork responding to crisis. Installation supeMrlaatkivinegsesruvbiscteanatriealthceonptreiobpulteioonfs tthoethSeervWiceestDerivnisEiolencternicgaggoeadl oinf tihnsetanlelaetdisonofwtohrek.BHelelrTe,elteopoh, othnee dCroivmepiasnfioesr --evaenr boebtjteecrtiwveaypsuorsfufeildlining tsehromrtseroifnsctoanllsaitsitoenntinhtiegrvhalqsu. ality, reasonable cost and the quest for the eSxopabnassiiocnisotfhteheinBsteallllaTtieolnepohfocneentnreatlwooffrikcethsawtiticthiisnag beqitusipumrperinstintog atot wreoarlkiz.eTthheastebmefeonrewtohrekreedwoenrethteelperpehmoinseess tohferceuswtoemreerWs, Ewiirninstgalalenrds pthlaecvinagrieintysoefrvoitcheecraellqubiepllms,eanntntuhnactiWatoersst,erfnireEalencdtrbicurmgaladre ainlarimtsseaarnldy desatyasb.lTishheedtrwadhietinonWoefstaerqnuaEllietyctjroicbjeofifniceidenthtley dBoenlleSwysatsemalriena1d8y8f2iramnldy ttehcehsneoliongstya.llers became involved in a new and rapidly developing of coTuhrsee d--eadnicdatciohnantgoedqusaolitgyreiastlays--stirsonthgetocdoamyp.lWexihtyatohfaisnscthaallnagtieodn, wquoirrke.s,Tchreeactehaaragcrtoeurpofoftheims pwlooyrkee, sthuenisqkuilelsinanidndpuesrtrsye.verance it re switcThhinegperiqmuiaprmy ernets;pcoonnsinbeiclittyit,otfesatnitinasntdalltautrionnitcroevwer iosntoscsheetduulpe riseatdhye ffoinraulselinaks ainpaWrtEo'fsthcheaniantioofn-swerivdieceBewllhTicehlejpohinosnethneetrwesoerakr.cThhoisf Banedll rTeelilaebplheoneqeuLipamboernattobryiesthwe iBtheltlheTealcetpuhaolnoepceoramtipoannioesf.compatible About 87 major operations are required for the installation and 60 test of a modem 10,000-line dial central office. Such an office would ianncdlupdoewaebroeuqtu5i0p0m,0e0n0t.fHeeotwoefvcearb,ltehaenSderwviircee aDnidvi2si2o5ntionnsstaollfssawivtacrhiientgy noefsosthanerdetqhueiGpmoveenrtnamsewnte,llr,adiniocurdeilnayg smtautlitoin-lsi,neansdwtietcrhmbionaarldesqfuoirpmbuesnit ftioornusnadfefrosredassscoabwliedseysatesmursv. ePyerohfapWs ensoteortnheErleacstpreicc'tsosfccoopme poafneyfofopret rtao serveAtnhneuBalelyll, TWelEepinhsotnaellecrosmmpaayniweso.rk on some 77,000 jobs in as many aast7y,p5i0c0aldiifnfsetraellnattilooncaltoiocnasti.oAn.s Ianrsetasluleltrsitmisanyeaanrldy dimopwososrikbljeutsot asebloeuctt elavteerdywmhoeurnetaininthpeeaUksniatendd Sstoauttehsw--eisntelranrgdeesceitritess.,Wsmhaillel tiotwisnstr,uoentihsaot the size of certain Areas limits the amount of travel an installer may dDoiviinsitohne'scionusrtaselleorfs.his job, mobility is still a characteristic of the Service UnitAedll SBtaetlels.STyshteemre ainrseta1l7laItinosntalwlaotiroknaAt rperaess,evnatrytiankgeswpidlaeclye iinnsitzhee. The New York Area, for example, includes the five counties of New YAorerka CcoimtyparinsdesthCeoslourbaudrob,aUntsaaht,elWlityeocmoiunngt,ieAs.riIznoncao,nNtraeswt, MtheexiDcoe,nvtheer southEearcnhtwAore-athiisrdssubodfiIvdidahedo iannddisEtrlicPtasswo hCiochunatlys,oTveaxraysg. reatly in size. In general, the smaller the Area, the greater the urban population, TelepThhoene17CIonmstpaallnaiteisotnheAyresearsv--e --whaincdhtchoerirregsepoognrdaprhoiucgahlltyertroitotrhieesBaerlel listed below. ALBANY: ATLANTA -- EAST: ATLANTA -- WEST: CHICAGO: Clev ela n d : dallas: DENVER: New York State (except for counties compris icnugt New York Installation Area) and Connecti Flilnoarida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Caro ATelanbnaemssae,e Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Ithlleinmoise,trWopioscliotnasninCahnicdagthoeaIrnedaiana counties of OArhkioansas and Texas (except El Paso County) Athriirzdo)n,a,NeCwolMoraexdioc,o,IdUathaoh, W(exycoempitngnoarnthdeErnl Paso County, Texas 61 DETROIT: Michigan, Indiana (except for counties in LOS ANGELES: SmoeutrthoepronliCtaanliCfohrinciaago Area) NEWARK: NEW YORK: NMeewtroJeprosleityan New York including Long IasnldanSdt,amWfoersdtc,hCeostnenrecatnicdutRockland Counties l OMAHA: Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, PHILADELPHIA: SPoenunthsyDlvaaknoitaa, Delaware ST. LOOTS: SAN FRANCISCO: NKaonrtshaes,rnMCisasloiuforir,nOiakalanhdomNeavada SEATTLE: WASHINGTON: NDoisrttrhicetrnoIdfahCoo,luOmrebgioan, , WMaarsyhlianngdto, nVirginia, West Virginia System s Equipment Engineering i neersItthisatlatrhgeelByetlhl rSoyusgtehmthies aesfsfourrtesdooffWaEcoSmymsteumniscaEtiqounispmsyesntetmEnangdi nceonttraalcoolflfeiccetioonr aofmmicirsocwelalavneeosyusstehmardiswianrset.allBeedf,oSreyseteqmuispmEqeunitpfmoernat iEnnfogrimneaetriionng, bduatiladsshteheetsp, raonjedctdroanwpinagpse)r p(ilnantnhiengfoervmeroyfdeextpalialntaotoirny sthuerenceotwmopraktibainlidt,y wohfecniercvueirtspoasnsdibeleq,utiopmdeenvtelwopithmaelalnosthoefrrpedarutcsinogf i cmousntsicaantidonims pardovvainncgess,ersvuicche. eInngainneaegriengofwmoarknyisraopfidplryimeevoilmvipnogrtcaonmce to thIenBoepllerSaytisotenm, .Systems Equipment Engineering is divided into two primTarhye fustnacntdioanrsd:s steanngdinaredesr etnragninsleaetreisngBaenlldTlienleepehnognineeeLrainbgo.ratories bfaacstiucrdinegsigtnerwmosr.kIinntosoindfoorimnga,tiohne ecxhparensnseelds itnheengflionweeroifnginafnodrmmaatnioun anleseoddeedtetormeinngeisneaevra,iflaubrniliisthy aanndd ifnlostwallofcotomomls,uneiqcuaitpiomnesnetqaunipdmmeancthHine uerpy-tou-sdeadteinstamnadnaurdfascaturerinugseda.nd installation to assure that common, neerWinorSkyinstgemclsoseElqyuwipitmhetnhte EBnegllinTeeeleripnhgonpelacnosmfpoarnitehse, tmheanliunfeacetnugrie acnendtrianlstoaflfliaceti.onThoisf reaqnugiepsmfernotmanpdlancnirincugitbsrannede-dneedwininsataltlealteiopnhsonteo modifying existing equipment. For each order, the Bell Telephone com 62 ) preasneiaerschsuesppalymaynrioaudtloinf eciorcfubiatssiacnrdeqeuqiureipmmenetnst. fTohrethWe Eriglihnteceonmgbinineear tnieoenrstowiflilllctohoerdnieneadtes poruotjleincetsdwbiyththeeacchusottohmere,r.asFrweqhuenenatlydilailneceenntrgail officeTihseadadnaeldystios aobfuniledeidnsg icsontrtaainnsilnagtetdollinftaocilditeietasi.led specifications annededderdawcoinmgps.onFeronmts athnedsein, sottahllerthWemE. pDeourpilnegmthaneucfoaucrtusereoofrthpeurwchhaoslee pprhoojneect,ctohmeplainney eunngtiinletehreseorvrdeesrasheliahisaosnpirnotceernssaelldy haansdbweietnh tchuet tienlteo serviTceh.ere are Systems Equipment Engineering offices for each of the seven Service Division regions. 00000 utingInHtohuesepsreasnedntInsstrtaulcltautiroenoAf rtehaes SareervoicregaDniizveisdiogne,oWgrEap'shiDcailsltyribas follows; SERVICE --EAST Distributing Houses ABotlsatnotna CCianrcoilninnaasti Cleveland JCaocnknsoenctviiclulet LMoinamg Iisland Nashville NNeeww JOerrlseeayns NPeenwnsYyolvrkania Pittsburgh Syracuse WWaesshtcihnegstotenr SERVICE-WEST Distributing Houses DDaelnlavser IHlloinuositson KInadnisaansaCity LMoischAingganeles MMiinlwneaaupkoeleis OPhmoaenhiax PSto. rLtloaunids SSaanltFLraaknecCisictoy Seattle 63 \ SERVICE - EAST Installation Areas AAltblaanntya --East ACltelavnetlaan--dWest NNeewwaYrkork WPhailsahdinelgpthoina SERVICE --WEST Installation Areas DChalilcaasgo Denver LDoestrAonitgeles OStm. Laohuais SSaenatFtlreancisco ADM INISTRATION strucLtuikree rtehseultSeedrvfircoemDthiveisrieoonr,gathneizaAtidomnionfisAtruagtiuosnt 1D,1iv9i6si2o.nT'shipsreDsievnit striaonnspcoarrrtaietisononafcotiuvritimesa;jorneagcotitviaittiiensg; dwiritehctinngonW-BEell pucorcmhpaasinniges anodn lmicoednesleisnginovfoblvuiinlgdipnagtsenotws;nesudpoerrvleisaisnegdtbhye Wdeessigtenr,ncoEnlesctrturicct;ioann,dandedvreel oping company production programs and supervising the marketing, pricing and commercial relations functions. Purchasing and Transportation ble fTorhteheVpicuercPhraesseidoefnatl--l mPautrecrhiaalssi,negquainpdmTenrat,naspnodrstaetrivoincesis, irnecslpuodninsig transportation and public warehousing, required by the company to fteilml i.tsHfiusncotrigoanniazsattihoen menagnaugfaecstuinrinagraanndgesuopfplayctuivniittieosftthhaet BinecllluSdyes: etrsatnabspliosrhtiantgiopnolfiucinecstiaonnds;prdoecteerdmuriensinfgortdhiee acsosmigpnamnye'nstpoufrchpausricnhgasainndg arensdpoconlsliabbiloitrya;tinsgurwvietyhinogthearllDpivuirscihoanssiinngdeavnedlotprainngspnoerwtaatinodn imacptrivoivtieeds mtieest;haoudtshoorrizminagtepriuarlcshaansde oinf pdreotderumctisnifnogr raedseaqleutaocyBeolfl Tsuepleppliheorsn'efaccoimli puaseniaens,dincsoplleacbtionrgatsinugchwpirtohdBucetlsl Lanadboortahteorripesroodnuccthsafnogrems ainnudfaescitgunrinogf purchased parts or products. tion Adenfointhinegr trheespfounnscitbioilnitsy,ofspPeucricfihcaaslilnygnaonteddTirnantshpeorGtaetnioenrailsItnosktreuecp in mind the opportunities for favorable public relations in dealing with 64 suppTliehres,exstuebn-sciovnetsrcaoctpoersofaWndE'tsrapnusrpchoartsaetsiounndceormscpoarneisetsh. e importance of this organization's work. In a typical year, for example, Western pEeleocptlreicindoneesarbluysi4n,0e0ss0 wAimther4i0c,a0n00toswupnpslaienrds wcithioeseimnpalloly50ovsetart5e,s0.0T0,o0t0a0l psuaby-mcoennttsrafcotsr,raawndmtraatenrsipaolsr,tatetiloenphsoenrveicceosmepxacneyedsu$p1p.l2iesb,ilGlioovnearnmyeeanr.t 5M0o0reemthpalony9e0esp. er cent of the suppliers are small firms with fewer than mateEriaaclsh, ypeaartrs,,WcoEmppuorncehnatsse, stomolosrfeotrhoaunr1u5s0e,0a0n0ddfioffretreelnetpihteomnes:croamw pdiarneyctpoerioepslteo, taenledpahnonaerrpaoyleosf. fSionmisheeodf pthreosdeuictetsmrsanagnidnngufmroemrotueslespphecoinael oenntersusctoemd etofruosmbyotthheerGsouvpeprlnimeresnwt.hAondhesltpillwoitthherthiteemdsefseuncshe apsrtorjaencsts portaWtioenstearrne iEnlethcterisce'srvpicuercchaatesgesoryfo.r the Bell System eliminate the necessity for each telephone company to maintain separate purchasing and inspection organizations and permits a standardization of supplies. SavinTghsecTornatnrisbpuotret,attiooon, otorgtahneizeactoionno'ms byaosifcBjoebll iTsetolepmhaokneecseerrtvaiicne.that tshueppvliaesst,nveaerdieedd faomr othuentospoefrartaiown mofatthereiaBlse,llteSlyespthemonaerreivqeuiaptmthenetriagnhdt p$7la0cme ialltiotnheofritgrahntstpimoret.atTioynpiscearlvlyic,etshifsroimnvsoolvmees 4th,3e00pucracrhriaesres ofofrasbhoiput manedntdoisftrmibautteiroianlscefrnotmersWaEndsuthpopulisearnsdtso oofurBmellanTueflaecpthuorinneg cloocmaptiaonnys lpoocrattaitoinosn. fIonr apdedoiptiloent,rathveeliTnrganosnpocrotmatpioannyorbguasninizeastsioanndartraaknegsescatrraenosf shippSiinngcehiotuissehesosledngtioaolldysawsheernvicaen oermgapnloizyaeteioins froelroocathteedr.divisions of tBheellcTomeleppanhyo,nefocrotmhepacnoimesp, aanbyo'sutsuhbaslifdoiafriTesra, nasnpdo,rtoantiorenq'suestsat,fffoarrethaet hfaecatduqriunagrtleorcsatwioinths athned ibnaSlaannceFrianncfiisecldo.oIftfsicbesasaict oobujrec1t3ivme aisjothr emsaanmue athsitshmateoafntshecocnotminpuainngy--degteoromdisneartviiocne aotflsohwipcpoisntg. Oronuatedsayin-vtoo-ldvainygbajussist about all possible combination of land, sea, and air transport. adheIrne atoddFiteiodne,raTl,raSntsapteortaantdionloicsaclornecgeurlnaetidonthsaatnBdeltlhSayt sttheme ccaarrrriieerr'ss faidneaqnuciaatlerteospsoanfesgibuialirtdy,shinipsmureanntcse. coverage and terminal facilities are 65 I Patent Licensing knowInn toercdhenrotloogeiensabilne ftuhreniBsheilnlgSycsotmemmutonicbaetiforneesetroviucsees,thiteisbeosftteonf tdheesirSaybslteemto'semowpnloyreisnevaerncthioannsdofdoetvheelrospamsewnetllacatsivtihtoiesse. rUessuulatlilnyg, fsruocmh , rineqveunirteiodn.sTohfe oPthateernstaLreicpenasteinngteOdrganandiztahtuiosnliaccetnssefsorfothrethBeeirll uSsyestaerme , in obPtaatiennintgLliicceennssiensguisndalesro trheespseonpsaibtelnetfso. r granting licenses to others tBoelulsSeysBteemll Sinyvsetenmtioinn,vwenhtiicohnsh.aAs hnaoduatsmtaanrdkiendg eefxfeacmt polne tohfeagrloicwetnhseodf wthaesccormeamteudnibcyatiBoenlsl TanedlepehleocntreonLiacbsoirnadtoursitersie.s, is the transistor, which mentAosnreJqauniuraerdyb2y4,th1e95F6i,ntahleJBudegllmSeynstteemntmeraekdesinatovawilaitbhlethteo Galolvwerhno pdaetseirnetsthisesmu,eduninretshtreicUtenditendonS-etaxtcelsutsoivme alikcee,nhseasveunmdaedrea,nuyseo,rleaallseofanitds psealtleanntsy iosrsuaelld epqruiioprmteontJsanasuamryay24b,e 1d9e5s6ir,eadrebylitcheensaepdplircoaynatlsty. -Sfrueceh. cOotnhdeirtiUonniotefdliScteantesisnpgataenntaspaprleicalincte,nsthede aBterlleaSsoysntaebmlemroayyalrtieeqsu. iAres aa nmoenn-texucsleufsuilveinlficuernnsisehiinngrectoumrnmoant rceaarsroienracbolemrmoyuanlitcieatsiofnorsearnvyiceesquainpd ) faotirngmaacnhyinseusc,htoeoqlusipamndenmt. aSteimriaillasr ulisceefnuslesinunmdaenruffoarcetiugrninpgatoerntospaerre availPabatleentto Lailcleanpspinligcaancttsivaittireesasroeqnuabirlee raoykanlotiwesl.edge of fundamental ethnogrionuegerhinugndperrisntcainpdleins,g aofftahmeiclioamritmyerwciiathl sitthueatpioanteanstitsyresltaemtes atondthea various technologies. Plant Design and Construction constAruscitmiopnliaenddinremitsodnealmineg, otfhibsuoilrdgianngiszatthioatnWsuepsetervrniseEsletchtericdeoswignns, oarrelelaosceast.edThaet HMeaandaqguearr--terPsl,atnhtoDugehsigthneanordgaCnoinzasttirounctiwoinllahnadvehirsepstraeff spernotjaetcitvseasreonbethinegspcaortriwedheorne.current construction or major renovation of anTdhreesMpoannsaigbeilrit--y Pfolarntht eDfeusnigdnamaenndtaCl opnoslitcruiecstioofnPhlaasntthEengdiinreeecrtiinogn and the action taken to implement them. To this end, the members of 66 hdiesvoelrogpamnizeanttioonf acolollnagborraantgeewpirtohgarpapmroopfrpialatenct oemxppaannsyioDniavnisdiocnosnisntrtuhce tairodnstoofmdeeesitgtnheacnhdancogninsgtrunceteidosnowf hthicehcobmesptamnye,eatnthdetsoeensetaebdlsi.sh stand buildIitngiss tfhriosmorsgealenciztiaotnionofththaet sisitereaspnodnpsiubrlcehafoser noefwtheanldanrdemthordoeulgedh tsheee taorcdheimteoclti'stiosnkeotcfhobtosoloectecufpaacnilcityie. sWohretnheoirccdaisspioonsaal.riIsnesp, etrhfeoyrmailnsog tthheeseDfiuvniscitoinosnsc, aPlllianngt DonesitghneiarnsderCviocnesstruasctitoonbnaastiucranlleyedcsonoffersspwaciteh, lporciaattieonDaivnidsitoynp.ePolfanfatciDlietiseisg.nThaensde Caroentshterudcetitoenrmtiunrantsiotnhoefntheeedaspporuot linedAolsnop, athpeerMinatonatgheerroeaflPitlyanotf sDteeesilganndansdtonCeo.nstruction is responsi bcolestfiongr amllocrehathnganes$a1n0d0,0a0d0diatinodnfsotroaollwcnheadngoersloearsaedddiltainodnsawndhefraecibliatsieics designs are involved. (If less than $100,000 is involved and standards tehsetarbeliisshneod pbryobPlelmantofDbeassiigcndeasnidgnC, ochnastnrguecstioanndaareddfiotilolonws etod esxoistthinagt faciliTtihees aPrleantht eDreessipgonnasnibdilCityonosftrtuhcetiDonivoisrigoanniczoanticoenrnaelds.o)issues neces ssaerrvyicdeisr,ecstaiofentsy rreelgautilnagtiotnos,thaendusecoamnpdliamnacientweniathnciensoufrafnaccielitrieeqsuairned jmorenletsasaenddopreoriwodniecdalblyuicldairnrigess. on inspections in these areas at all ma General Program and Commercial ComTmheerctihalreMe aonraggaenrizaartieonhseatdheadt rbeypothrte tPorothgeraGmenPelaranlniPnrgogMraamnaganerd, Commercial Manager, and Marketing Manager. Program Planning deveTlohpeinPgroimgrmamediPaltaennainndg lMonagn-aragnegrse oprrgoadnuicztaitoionnainsdresshpiopnpsinibglepfroor gcarapmacsityb,yanpdrodfiuncatnctihalatafffoarirms. TthheesbeasfoisrecfoarstsplaarneniinmgpoWrtaEntafcotirvitthye, oadpeeqrautainteg percoovniosimony othfrfoaucgilhititehseaenfdfescutpopnlisehsoipn lbooatdhinmgi,xleavnedlincagppaecaitkys, vaanlds, vaanlldeybsuidngemtianngniinng tahnedMparonduufacctitounri,ngre,dEucqtuioipnmoefntdeElinvgeirnyeeinritnegr, and TInhsetaollragtiaonnizoartigoannirzeagtiuolnasrl.y collaborates with Bell Laboratories to 67 1 oitbstoawinnpkenrotiwnleendtgienfoofrtmheattiroenndasnd--asunmalymzaersiztihnigs iitnsfcoormncalutisoinonisninligQhutaorf cteormlypaPrreodduwcittihonplEansntiemdatBeesl.l TSyhsetermescuoltnasnttruecsttiiomnaetexpoefnddiotullraers fsoalrefsuris ther evaluation. The dollar forecast is also used by the Finance organi zatioEnxipneprileanncneinigndthiceatceosmtphaanty'ms faijsocralprreoqduuircetmioenntas.ctivities are pro fcoounncdeplyts aafnfedctecdombpyontehnets daesveyleotpmuneknntowofn.neTwhe pProrodgurcatms iPnvlaonlvniinngg organization keeps in very close touch with AT&T and Bell Laboratories einstoprodsesribtoleamntoicmipeantteatnhde aimlsopatoctcoofotrhdoisneatneetwhediervseclhoepdmuelinntgs iant tthhee eeanrglii neering, manufacturing, and installation of the introductory process. Com m ercial priciTngheofCWomEmteelercpihaol nMe parnoadguecrtss aonrgdasneirzvaitcieosn. Iitsisrseusepsoannsidbldeisftroirbutthees ltihsets.vIanrioauddsiptiroicne, tlhisitssgarnodupthaedtmerimnisstaernsdthcoenSdtiatinodnasrdreSlautpepdlytoCtohnetrparcitcse, nteelgeopthioatnees parnodduacdtms tionisntoenrs-BoetlhleSryssatelems ccuosnttormacetrss a(nodthhearntdhlaens tshaeleUs .oSf. iGnovvolevrinnmgetnhte asanldesiotsf pcroondturacctstoarns)d, saenrvdicecsarbriyesWoensterrenlaEteledctraicct.ivities M arketing DistrMibaurtkioentinogrgwanaiszactrioenat.eWd iitnh tthhee csoummmpaenryorfeoIr9g6a0niazsatiaonpaorftAoufgtuhset T1,h1is96o2r,gManaizrkateitoinngsebeekcsamtoe ma asktaeffsuorregatnhiaztatWioensfteorrnthEeleecnttriirce icsoomffpearninyg. tahned Bneeelld.TAeltetphheosnaemceotmimpea,ntihees gthroeuspeknedeepess tahnedseecqoumippmaneinest uthpe-yto-wdaantet concMernairnkgetipnrgodsuecetkss atnodinsfeorrvmiceWs aEvapielaobpllee farobmoutWBeesltlerSnysEtelemctrnice.eds, pexroadmuicntess acnudstsoemrveircerseainctitoernmtsooof uthreecquusitpommeenrt's annededsse,ravnicdesc,arrreiveisewons research to determine what others in the industry are doing. E N G IN E E R IN G aspecTthseofVriecleatiPornessiwdeitnht --BeEllngTienleeeprhinogneisLarbeospraotnosriibesle, ffoorrWthEe'sbbraosaidc toefchWnEicaelnagnindesecrise.nTtifhice rVesiceearPchre,sainddenfto--r tEhnegtirnaeinerininggainsdadlseoverelosppmonesni-t 68 bfoler tjhoeinttrlayinwinitghotfhteecVhniciecaPl rpeesrisdoennnte--l aPnedrsofonrnvelaraionuds Pinufbolrimc aRtieolnatipornos gramRsecpoonrctienrgnidnigreWctelystetornhEimlecistritcheenAgsisniesetarinntgV. ice President --Engi neering and the Director --Research and Development Organizations Reporting to Assistant Vice President--Engineering ing Oinrcgluandiez:atiDonirsecretopro--rtiSnygsttoemthse ADsesviesltoanptmVeincte; PDreisreidcetonrt----ESntagfifneEenr gineering; Superintendent --Engineering Training. System s Development DivisTiohnesSinysttheme scoDoerdvienloatpiomnenotf oernggainniezeartiinognaacdtivviisteiessaannddaaspspisltiscaotitohners cmaerarinesdoofnaisnsutrhiengcohuigrshe qoufatlhiteyceoqmupipanmye'sntbuasnidnessesr.vTicheisinofmfeersetainngoththeer nimetmweodrkia.te and future needs of the integrated, expanding Bell System Staff Engineering withiTnhteheDiErencgtionre--eriSntgafDf Eivnisgiionne.eHrinegredtihreecctsonacerenltaratitvioenlyissmoanllqguraoliutyp aesnsdu,raSntacfef oEfnpgriondeuecritnsgancdollsaebrvoircaetsesofwfeirtehdabpyprWopersitaetren dEilveicstiroincs. Twoitthhiins tthereiaCfoomr pqaunaylitayncdonwtritohlsBinellthTeelberpohaodneer aLsapbeoctrsatoofriethsetowoerskta. b(liIsnhspcerci toiwonnapnudrpqousael,ithyocwoenvteror,lsadreeenmoet da nceocnecsesranryobf yStoatfhfeErndgiivniesieorninsgf.o)r their Engineering Training leadeFrushrtihpeirn eitvsidfieenldcecaonf hWe efostuenrnd iEnlethcetritcr'asinfiinrmg aicnttievnittiieosncatorrireedtaoinn for the benefit of WE engineers. The Superintendent --Engineering TatreaiEnninggin, esuerpienrgviTsersaitnhionsgeCcoenncteerrsnelodcwatietdh tihnisthweoNrkewatYthoerkthCroeleisGeuramd,ua cSounnv-Terimteedsrebsuidilednincge.aTt Wheinpshtoilno-sSoaplehmy ,oNfothrtihs Cparoroglrianma, aannddthdeesCcrhiipctaiogon olofgc,ocuorpseiessaopfpewahriicnhthareeGarvaadiluaabtleeEtongWinEeereinngginTerearisnionngrPerqougersatm. Cata 69 Be search and Development the WTheseteDrnireEcletocrtr--icREensgeainrceherianngdRDeseevaerlcohpmCeennttedriaretcHtsopthewe eelflfoTrotswonf ashreipa,s nreealartiPnrgintcoetmona,nNufeawctuJerirnsegy.opHeerraetiorensse:arthche idsecvoenlodpumcteendt ionfthnreewe cnoicnacteiopntss aanpdptaercahtunsi:qutehsetoappperlimcaittioauntsomofatimc amthaenmufaatcictuarle toefchcnoimqumeus, atruotlopmraotdicucdtiaotan;ptrhoeceaspsipnlgic,aatinodncoofmtphueteprritneccihpnleosloogfycthoempliasntrya,nmd ectoanl lurgyT,haendCpehnytesricsoptoenmedaniutfsacpteurrminagnpenrotblqeumasrt.ers --two ultra-modem bHuoiwldeinvgers,oofpfeerriantgio1n8s8h,0a0d0bfeeeent ocfafrlroieodr sopnacine --lealasteediqnuDaretceerms abterP,r1in9c6e2. ton since 1938. The Bell Sysdtemeifs edendicsaeted atocthte ipvrinictipileethsat "in communica tthioensi.mdpeofertnasnecoefothf ethNeatDioenfecnosme eAscftiirvsti.t"ieWs iDthivtihsiisoncaapssualacteodmpprainnycipolre goaunribziagtgioenstbneocno-mBeesllecvuisdteonmt,esr.ince the U.S. Government is fax and away all emTphleoydeeefse.nTsehesiwdeorokfbWeinegstedronn'se bounstihneesNs ickaenZbeuesoafndgrNeaikt eprXidaenttio ministshieleamiridsseifleenssyestseymstsemconthtiantudeesptlhoeyeidmpNoikrteanAtjawxoarkndthNatikceuHlmeirncautleeds throuAghwoiudtetvhaeriUetnyitoedf pSrtoajteecstsanodf efxretreemweorilmd pboarsteasn.ce to national de fSeOnNseAaRreanadlsmoiscsairlericeodmomnunfoicrattihoensUw.orSk.. NTahveym. iTssyilpeicgaulidparnocjeecstysstaerme dasevweelollpaesdffoorrstphaeceAeirxFploorrcaetihoanswboerekn. eminently successful for this use pliedInthtehceoamrepaanoyf'sGsotavnedrnamrdesnotfwcoorskt,cWonescstieorunsnEeslesc, tqruicalhitays aanlwdasyesrvaicpe to enWsuirtehtothtehechNaantgioinngthaenfdinseostmceotmimmesunviacraitaiobnles acnhdarmacatteerrioalf pGoossviebrlne. tmoepnetrbioudssinoefssh,itghheaDsiwvieslilonasisloswo caoctnivstiittyu.teTdhethVaticiet Pisreasbildeentot-Dreesfpeonnsde AthcetirveistiuelstaDnitvcisoinotnraisctrueaslporenlsaitbiolenfsohripssa;lefsortoththeecUom. Sp.aGnyo'sverrenlamtieonnts,hainpds wtoirtihesS'amnidliiataCryorbpuodrgateitonanadndneBceelslcsaormymfaIcnilci.t;ieass iwneclloansnefoctriothnewLiathbotrhae Laboratories military work. 70 GoveRrenpmoerntitnSgatloestahnedVAicdemPinreisstirdaetinotn-D; DefiernescetoAr,cGtivoivtieersnmareen:t DCiormecmtour, nniiccaatliPonusbliPcraotjieocntss;; MDairneacgtoerr,, GMoivlietranrmy eEnntgRineleaetriionngs S(Wervaischeisngatnodn)T; eacnhd the Director, Military Systems Engineering. Governm ent Sales and Administration tion,Aesxetchuetitoitnleansudgagdemstsi,nitshteratDioinrecotfoarlliscoconntrcaecrtnsewd iwthitthhethUe. nSe.gGotoiva enrencmesesnatr.yStihnacte athwishfoileeldsvysatreiems osof mdiurecchtiofrnosmanodurpBroeclledbuurseinsebsse, iptreis ppaarneyd.eTnghaegseeddiirnecgtioovnesrnamndenptrowcoerdkurteos caoimd pallyl Dwiivtihsiosuncshofrutlhees. cTomhe roirtgyarneiqzuaitrioemn eisntaslsboyrWesepsotenrsnibElelefcotrriccoamndplNiaanscseauwSitmhegltoinvgerannmdeRnetfisneicnug Cproo.cIenedaindgdsi.tiIotne,sttahbelisghreosupselrleinpgrepsreinctess ftohrencoonm-teplaenpyhoinnerpernoejegcottsi,aptiroon gveidneesraflalycielisttiaebs lirsehqeusirperdocfeodrurBesellfoLr aebffoircaietonrciyesa'nmd ilciotanrtyrolproofjeecxtpsenasned. ARerleactieonntsaodrdgiatinoinzattoionthewhariceha ocfoogrodvinerantemsefnuttuburesingeosvserisnmtheentCbuusstoinmesesr aenngdintheeeripnogteanntdiaflieclodmgproanuyp. contributions to national defense with an Governm ent Communications Projects WarOIInaeroosfe tfhroemcthhaengneesedinforgqouvaelrinfmiedenmtaalnapgroecriuarleomrgeanntizaafttieornsWtoordldo claormgepaannydecsotambplilsehxepdroajescptesc. iOalugtroofupthidsendeiceadtewdittho tshoelvDinEgWtheLdinifef,ictuhlet and challenging projects that this concept entailed. This organization is etisotnabalimshoendgwoitthherexfipeeldrtss. iAnscothmemsuitnuiactaitoionnws,aprruarncthsa,sqinugalaifnieddtrpaenrsspoonrnteal mneaeydsbeofdervaewryn pfrroomjecBt.eMll aSjoysrtpemrojeocptesr,aitninagddcoitmiopnantoiesthteo DanEsWweLr itnhee, htiaovnes bneeetwnoSrAk,GaEn,dWshimiteilaArliccoem, BmMunEiWcaSti,oPnsropjeroctjeMctsercoufrymacjoomr mimupniocrat ance. Some smaller projects are also being handled in the field of tNeliegceorimamarueneicxaatmiopnlse;s othfethicsotmypmeu. nications projects in Thailand and 71 M ilitary Engineering Service and Technical Publications changDeusriinngeqWuoiprmldenWt aarndIInethwe emquiliiptamryenstoaonndfoteucnhdniqthuaets treecqhuniirceadl tcroaminpeldetepeurssoenonfelt,hneoctormeapdleilxy eaqvuaiiplambelentwbiethining tphuet minitloitasreyrvtiocea.sTsuhries wigansattehde agsentheesisMoiflittahreyFEienlgdinEenegriinngeeSreFrvoirccee. Twhheiscehehnagsinsienecres tbreaevneldtehse weqourilpdmoevnetr atondasssyissttetmhes msuipliptalireydtobyobWtaeisntemrna.xAimsucmanpbeerfoexrmpeacntceedfwroitmh snuacnhcecommapnlueaxlseaqrueiprmeqeunitr,ecdl.eaTrhiasndneeefdfeicstivfuelfoilpleedrabtiyngthaendTemchaninictael Publications Group which is responsible for writing, illustrating and ptiroinntiisnglotchaetethdoautsaRnedysnoofldpaagReosardeqiunirWedintsotodno-Stahliesmjo,bN. Torhtihs oCragraonliinzaa, close to the production shops of the equipment involved. M ilitary System s Engineering contrIonl Mstaatricohn,s1a9t64C,athpee oKpeenrnaetidoyn, oFflothriedaU.aSn.dAViraFndoercnebegrugidAainrcFeoarncde WBaesset,eCrnaliEfolerncitaricwsasDterafennsfseerrAedctfivroitmiesBeDllivTiseiloenp,hownheicLhabfoorramtoerdiesthtoe tMimileit,aDryeSfeynssteemAscEtinvgitiineesebriencgamoregarnesizpaotniosnibfloerftohrisspuuprppoorste.fuAntctthioenssamfoer tLhaeboAriartoFroiersceaat nNdoNrtAhSCAarsoplaincae. program previously provided by Bell LabsT--hWe ECgapueidaKnecnenseydsytefmacdileivtyelwopaesdofpoernthede Ainir1F9o3r6cetoTitteasnt ItIhCeBBMel.l TanhdistshyestCeampeprKovenednesdoyssutcacteiossnfuhlasitghuaisdbedee7n4ulsaeudncihninmgasn. yItswpailcleafllsioghhtes involTvhede iVnatnhdeeAnbirerFgorsctaetiAonss,eot pPernoegdramin f1o9r5r9e,-henastrygugildideedr 8s5tudmieisss.ile launchings. The VLicEe GPrAesiLdenAt NanDd GPenAerTalECNouTnseDl IheVadIsSWIOEN's Legal and PPraetesindtenDtivainsidonGecnoenrsaisltiAngttoornf efyiv;ethoergGaneinzeartaiolnSs:oltichietorA; stshisetaGntenVeircael PatenAtllAtthtoersneeyo;rgthaeniLzaatbioonrsCaoruensleol;caatnedd tahte Tcoamx pCaonuynsHele.adquarters, NfaecwturYinogrkl.oHcaotwioenvsera,npdatreenptorattitnogrnteoysthseervGienngeWralesPtaetrennEt lAectttorircnemyanarue 72 stationed at various Works. In addition, two attorneys reporting to the General Attorney are located at Hawthorne. General Patent Attorney legalTmheattGeresnereralaltiPnagtetontpAattetnotrsn,ecyophyarsigphrtism, atrraydermesaproknssiabnidlittyecfhonricaalll iennfgoirnmeeartisoann. dPdateetnertmlaiwneyewrhseunnadnerinhviesnstuiopnerhvaissiboenernevmieawdetfhoer wwohrickhoaf pTahteeyntalaspophliacnatdiloen asphpoluicldatiboensfilfeodr ipnattehnetsUinnitefodreSigtantecsoPuantterinets.OTffhiceey. BweolrlkSwyistthemthepaPtaetnetnsttLoicoetnhseirnsgaonrdgainnizoabtitoaniniinnggrtahnetilnigcelnicseesnsweseunnedeedr fromPoattheenrts.lawyers review all contracts with the Government, Bell System suppliers and others to be sure that they contain appropriate colfautseecshnriecgaalrdininfogrminavtieonnti,onasndmapdroeteicntiothne acgoauirnsset ocflaitmhes woforkp,atuesnet infringement. Labor Counsel betwTeehne tLhaebcoormCpoaunnysealnddelaalbsoprroimrgaarniliyzawtioitnhs,lergeaplreassepnetcattsioonf prerloacteioends winigtsh, lparboobrlecmonstraarcistsin, ggruienvdaenrceosthaenrdFaerbdietrraaltioannsd. Hstaeteis laalbsoorcolanwces,rnfeodr example, the Wage and Hour Law. T ax Counsel ing tTohtaexTeasxafCfeocutninsgelthhaes cpormimpaarnyyreasnpdonwsoibriklsityclfoosrellyegwalitmh atthteersCroemlapt rtreoslpleecrtoton tthheesperempaartatetiros.n Hofisalolrcgoamnipzaantiyontaxprreeptuarrenss,, aoprpardovviessesallwtiatxh pcoayntmroevnetrssiaensdwriethprteasxeinntgsatuhtehocroitmiepsa. ny in all tax audits, reviews and AttorAnlelyootrhethreleGgeanlemraaltSteorlsiciatorre. the concern of either the General G eneral Solicitor The General Solicitor is responsible for legal matters in connection wunitdherthFeedFeirnaall aJnuddgsmtaetentanotfi-Jtarunsutarlayw2s4. ,H1e95a6lsaonhdanfodrlems,ofsrtomproablleegmasl fsrtoanmdpthoeinto,paerawtiiodnesvoafritehtye FofincaonrcpeorDatievisainodn f(iSnaecnrceiatalrmy'sa,ttTerrseaasruirseinr'gs 73 alincdityCaonmdptortohlleerr'ms aotrtgearnsizsatetimonmsi)nganfdromadvtehretisaicntgiv, iptiuesbliocfattihoens,Pupbulbic RbeetlwateioennsWoregsatneriznaEtiolenc.trHiceainsdretshpeontesliebplehofnoer lceogmalpaanspieesc,tsanodf rbeeltawtieoenns WanEd faonrdpirtespdairsattriiobnutoofrsr.esHpeonissersestopognosvibelrenmfoerntthael icnoqouridriiensa.tion of data Assistant Vice President and G eneral Attorney givenThteo GtheeneDraelfeAntstoernAecytiivsitrieess,poPnusricbhleasfionrgmaonsdt oPflathnet lDegeasilgandvaincde CfitoPnslatrnu,cgtiroonupDiivnissuiorannsc. eH,eanaddvEisMesEthperPoebrlseomnsn,ealnOdrghaannidzlaetisown oornkBmeenne's ctioomn pceansessa.tiHone, ruenvieemwpslopyenmdeinntg cloegmispleantisoantioinn fiaenldds doifsacboimlitpyancyominpteernessat, lainaidsoinn wlaiwthsutriitaslwcohuenresetlh. e company is plaintiff or defendant, acts as thoseAhlligohfltihgehsteedorhgearnei.zations, of course, have responsibilities other than FINANCE! ComTmhietteVeic(esePereCshidaepntter--6F, ipnaagnece4i6s).chHaiisrmreasnpoonfstihbeiliEtixeseciuntcilvuedPe:olcicoy poordliicniaetsi,opnraocftaiccetisv,iatineds apnrodgsrtaumdise;sarnenquuailrefdinatoncciaarlraynoaulytsceosmopfafnivye--wyeidaer fnoereedceadst;sdoefvceolomppmaennyt eoxfpfeinndanitcuirnegs aanndd cpoenritorodlicprroecveiedwureosf;pirsosguraanmces oafs GoredninearatiloInnsotfruWctiEonasctaivnidtieospienrcaitdinegntretosuBlteslltoTecloemphpoanney cDoimvipsaionnys;recloa tionsTwheithCroemgputlraotollreyr,bSoedcieres.tary, and Treasurer report to him. Comptroller's Organization auditTinhge Cpoolmicpietsroollfetrhies rceosmpopnasnibyleanfodrffoorrmimuplaletimngenthtiengactchoeusentipnoglicaineds twhiitshepnrdo,cethdeurCesomthpattrowlliellr'sproordguacneizaatisoonunddevaeclocposunatnindgpsrtersuccrtiubrees. aTco csooufnatrinags tahnedy aafufdecittinagccomuentthiondgsoarnfdinaanpcpiarol vreessulotsp.erIantiandgdimtioenthoitdpsrien sthcorirbiezsedthaendregmualadteio, nesstaanbdlischoensdfiutinodnasmuenndtearl wpahyicrohllpapyromceendtusreasr,e aanud dcoesuingtninatgesantdhefinaapnpcrioavl atrlarnesqaucitrioenmse. nIttsalrseolamtinakgestoacthcoesuentainngd aontdhefirnaanc cial audits, and arranges for retention of public accountants for annual auditTs.he issuance and accuracy of the company's financial reports, sta tniestcitcisona,nhdisfoorregcaansitzsataioren tahnealyCzoems patnrdollienrt'esrpreresptsonascicboiulintyti.nIgnrethsuisltscofonr aexcteicountivthesa.t Imt aaylsobeasrseeqmubilreesdaonnd tphreeppaarerts odfatoapneeracteisnsgardyivtoisimonasnaagned manedntdientethrme iensattaibolnishomf epnrticoef fpionlainciceisa,l ginocallus,diinncglutdhiengcodoivrdidineantdiopnolaicnyd, dsiedveerlaotipomn,enats owfetlhleascoremcpoamnmy efnodreincgastpsroagsranmeesdoedf ffionranecxinecgutainvde ccoonn trol cTohnesiCstoenmtpwtriothlletrh'se onregeadnsizoaftitohne ablussoinheasss.the responsibility for un dsuecrthakeicnognobmuisci,neascsturaersieala,rcsthatsistutidciaelsanadndbupsrionveisdsiningfomrmanaatigoenmaenndt twecithh niques as may assist it in its planning and control functions. It recom mpoelnicdys oanr destraabteliss.heIts ecmolplalbooyreaetse'ssewcuitrhityanadccraudavlisreasteostahnedr ddeivpirseicoinastioonn fpionsaanlcs.iaIltemvaaliunatatiionns atebcuhsniinqeusessreafnedrecnrciteerliiabrfaoryr.capital investment pro mainIttaiins tahlseoctohreporreastpeonascicboiulintyts,oftothpeerCfoormmptarcoclloeurn'stionrggaannidzaptiaoynrotlol faupnpcrtoivonesdfaotar sfoprectiafxiedlevhieeasdaqnudarotethrseroargcacnoiuznattiinognsa,nadndstattoisptirceaplairnefoorr mthaeticoonmtpoabnye'ssuinbsmuritatnecdetoanGdohvaenrdnlmesenctlaaimgesncfoiersrealnadteodthloesrsse.sI,tapnldaceess ptalbanliss.heFsurothpeerr,attihneg oprrgoacneidzuartieosn fcoorllaalblorvaotelusnwtairtyh paanydroaldlvidseedsuocttihoenr divisIionncsidoenntatcocoBuenlltiTnegleoprhgoanniezactoimonpaannydrpeelartsioonnnsewl.ith regulatory bod ies, this organization prepares and presents testimony in telephone rwaittehctahseesBaeslltocotmheparenaiesso,naasblweneellssasofcoWoredsitneranti'sngeaarlnlicnogms opnaniytsabcutisviniteiesss in thIet riesgurelasptoornysifbieleld.also for audits relating to safeguarding of the cvoemntpioannyo'fs tahsesfettsoranfrdaufodracgoaoinpsetratthieoncowmitphanoyth. eTrhDisivinisciloundsesinesthtaeblpisrhe tmheenctoomf psaencyuroitry iststaenmdaprldosy,eienst,elrinaaisloonrwexittherontahleirnvBeesltligSaytsiotenminsveocluvriintyg organizations and dissemination of pertinent security information. 75 Secretary's Organization staffAserpvaicrtesotfothHeeaSdeqcureatratreyr'ss. oTrhgeanSiezcartieotanr'sy wisosurkesinsotthiceesfuorfnimsheientgingosf oorfgsatnocizkahtoioldnenrso,titchees EanxneocuunticviengCoexmemcuitttievee,cahnadngtehse, BanodarodffoicfiaDlibreucllteotrisn, bteolaerpdhonnoeticdeisr.eHctoeraylsaonidssuthees abnooEkmleetrgeenntictyledDi"rDecitroercyto, ras,HOefafdicqeursaratenrds rPartiendciapnadl OSurgbasnidiziaartyioCnoHmepaadnsieosf."WTheseteSrencrEelteacrytriaclsCooismsupeasnya,llIGnceonrepraol IdnoscturumcetinotnssreaqnudirGin.gL tChehasratsm, eafafinxdesctehrteifcieosrpcoerratateinsdeaelleagnadtioantstesotfsaaull tthhoeriCtyormpoardaetebyFielxeeacruetivaelsooffiinccelrus.dRedecionrdthseMoarngaagneimzaetniotnfusnrcotlieo.ns and likewVisaeriaoursesoptohnesrifbuilnitcytioonfsthmeoSreecirnettahrey.nTahtuersee oinfcgluendeerasul cshertvhiicnegssaares the company communications methods and facilities and the determi nation of office standards for the company. Treasurer's Organization securTithiees,Tirnecalsuudrienrgitsheresispsounesiabnlde tfroarnsaflelrmoafttcearpsitianlvsotlovcikn,gthceomdpeatenry mination of funds available for investment, and the purchase and sale boyfUth.eS.cGomovpearnnym. ent securities. He also arranges for borrowings required ommHenisdionrggabnaiznaktsi;onmiasinretaspinoinnsgibaledefqour actuestboadnykobf acloamncpeasnyanfudncdass;hreocn ihnavneds;tmmeanitnotapienriantgiotnhseocfotmhepaPneyn'ssiocnreFduitnsdtaTnrduisntege;sa.nIdt saenrvaelyssaess loiafistohne bpaentwy,eeanndthpeecrfoomrmpainngy aonthdetrhseimtriulastreaens,dcroellleactetidngacmtiovnitiieess.due the com He aIptpiosinthtsecTasrheiaesrusrearndwhasosidsteatnertmcainsehsierthse(scuobmjepcatntyo'sthcereirdiatppporolivcyal. bthyeeaitshsiegrntmheenPtreosfidoetnhterorfitnhaenVciaiclepPerresosindneenlti--n Failnl aDnicveis)i,oannsdaanpdpraotvaelsl locations. PTEheRVSicOe NPreNsiEdeLnt --APNerDsonnPelUaBndLPIuCblicRREelLatAionTsIiOs rNespSonsi nbelel,fLorabthoer aRdemlaitnioisntsr,ataionnd aPnudbldicireRcteiloantioonfst.hree broad areas --Person locatMedoastt oCfotmhepaonrygaHneizaadtqiounasrtreerpsoirntiNngewtoYtohrekPwehrsiloenanlelloDrgiarenciztoatrioanres 76 rDeiproercttionrgatroe ltohceatLedabionr NReewlatYioonrsk.Director and the Public Relations Personnel activTithieesPaesresomnpnleolyDeeirteracitnoirnigm, pbleenmefeinttpsrsougcrhamcos,mapnadnhy-ewalitdheapnedrssoanfneteyl progTrahmes.SPecrirmetaarryy,fuEnmctpiolonyseeasre' Bcaernreiefidt oCnombymfiitvteeeoragnadnizhaistiosntas.ff ad minister local details and provide general guidance on a company-wide baansdisreotnireadll epmropvliosyioeness.oTfhtihsestcaofmf aplasonymbaeinnetafiint sprpoegrrtianmenftosrtbatoisthticasctainvde persoTnhneelGseenrveircael iMnfeodrimcaaltioDnirreecltaotrinagntdo hbiesnesftaitffprdoegvrealmopmpaotltiecrise.s and procedures for those concerned with the health and safety of employees aanredaclosomapapnayrtmoefdtihciaslosregravniciezsa.tiTonh.e medical facilities at 222 Broadway velopThinefoDrmiraetcitoonr--dSeasilgarnyedAtdomhienlipstrmataioinntaiSntufdaiierscoamndpehnissatisotanffprdaec tdiecveeslothprmoeungths.out the company in terms of immediate and long term that TdheveeDloiprsecatonrd--MopaenraatgeesmveanrtioDusevmelaonpamgeemntehnetaddesvtehloepomrgenant iazcattiivoin mtieasn. aTgheemseenitnctrlauidneinsgucphrofgorrammalintraNineiwngYporrokg,raamnds tahsethinetefgivrae-temdonsteh squupeenrcveisioofn.mTahniasgeomrgeanntizsaetmioinnaarlssofoprroevaicdhesofcothnseulftiirnstg faonudr ldeevveelsloopf madednittioanss,isittaonrciegionnattersaiannindgcporoorgdrianmatsesopf raogmraomres sapnedciamlieztehdodnsatfuorre.thIne isduecnhtipfilcaantsiofno,ramppanraaigsaelm, ednetvpeleorspomnennetl.pClaonlnleingge,reacnrduiitminpgleamcteivnittaiteisonanodf doregvaenloizpamtioenn.t pFraocgilriatimess afroer mcoalilnetgaeinreedcrbuyitsthairseoarlgsaoniczoantidounctiendCbhyictahgios and Princeton, New Jersey, as well as in New York. admiTnhiseteDr icroemctpoar,nyPepresrosnonnenleAl pdomliicniiesstraantidonpraoncdedhuirsesstraeflfadtienvgeldoiprecatnldy ttroatailolne,mepmlopyloeeysm. eInntc,lupderesdonanreelsurecsheaarrcehasaansdwraegaeltyanmdastatelarsryfoardmtrianniss ferred employees. Labor Relations velopTshaenDd irreeccotmorm--eLnadbsogreRneerlaatliolanbsohreraeldastiothnes pgoroliucpiesthaaptpilnicitaibalteest,odaell 77 dreivlaistiioonnss,w(iEthaicnhthdeivfrisaimonewhoarskporfimovaerry-arlelscpoomnpsiabniyliptyolfiociresit.s) TowhenLlaabboorr Rmealtatteirosndsegarloinugpwfrietqhutehnetilmy cpolenmsuelntstaatniodnasosfipstosloictyh,earnddivmisaioinntsaoinnsslpieacisiofinc to asTsuhreegtrhoautpapalpsroocvoenddpuocltiscireesseaarrechbeainndg tfroalilnoiwnegdo.n many aspects of loafbdoirvirseiloantaiolnLsa,bisosruReseltahteioLnsaboorgraRniezlaattiioonnss,Hcoannddubcotoskrefsoeratrhche ognuiwdaangcees atinadtiofrninligmeibtse,nceofintsduwchtsicshtuisdtihese obnasliocnegle-rmanegnet leecaodninogmtioc ctroemndpasniyn nlaebgoor raegleantitosnfsoranpdu,rphoosledss oafnreavnineuwa,lecxocnhfaenrgeencoef widiethas,Daivnidsiotrnaibnainrgga. ining CounIsnelaodndictioonnt,ratchtelaLnagbuoargeR, ealnaatiloynzsesgcroonutpracwtsorpkrsiowr ittoh btahregaLinaibnogr, determines specific major bargaining issues and objectives, and closely pfoelrlfoowrms sunafagirenlaebraolr cporaocrdtiicneasticohnarfguensctaionnd awcittihvien atrhbeitrcaotimonpacnays,esa.nIdt abcettswaesenliaWisEonanbdetwoteheenr BWeellstSeyrnsteEmleccotrmicpaannides.outside companies, and Personnel Relations promTohtieonPeorfsopnrongelresRseivlaetiopnerssognrnoeulppioslicbiaessicaanlldy prreascptoicnessib, lceonfosirsttehnet wotihtherWsaEla'sripeodsimtioannaignemtheentinedmusptlroiayleecso.mImnutnhiitsy, cfaopraecnitgyinietemrinugstanbde roefspemonpsliovyeeetos,tahnednteoeddsevoeflothpemienndtisviindutahleefmiepldloytheaet, aosccwuerllouatssigdreouthpes ceommpploayneyd. tSouravcehyies,vecothnefenreencceesssaaryndexpcehrasnognealocfoindteaacstsanadreinefxotremnsaitvioenly. pTrhaiissaglr,osuaplairnyitaidatmesinsitsutrdaiteisona,npdlapcreompoesnatl,sewmipthloryeegearindfotormpeartisoonn,nferlinagpe ptiroancst.icIens acnodnjuonthcetironmawttiethrs ointhtehreaidnvteisroersyt oofrgimanpirzoavtieodnse,miptloevyaeleuraetelas, rdeesvuelltoinpgs paenrdsonconoerldpirnoagterasmtsh.eOcnoemopfanitys-mwiadjoerifmunpcletimonenstiastitoonporofvtihdee tahnaat latevranialatbelcehtahnrnoeulgohfecxoimstimngunliicnaetioorngsafnoizraetimonpslo. yees which parallels Public Relations adveTrthiseinPgu,bpluicbRlicelaantidoncsoDmimreucntoitryisrerleastpioonnssiabnledfeomr cpolomypeaeniynfpourbmliactiiotyn, programs. Reporting to him are the Director--Advertising and Public 78 InforTmhaetiAondvanerdtitshinegDMireacntaogr--erPaunbdlichiAsfsftaaifrfs danevdeElomppalonydeceoIonrfdoirnmaatetiothne. cinogmwpainthy'sCvuanrnioinugshnaamtioannadl iWnsatlistuht,ioWnaEl'sadavdevretirstiisnigngcaamgpenaicgyn)s, c(wololergke rtieocnrsu,itainngd aaddvmerintiissetmerenretsq,ueasdtvserftriosmemWenEts sinuplpolciearlspwlahnot cwitiyshputoblcicitae tohtheecrominptearneystaesd aorcguasntoizmaetiro.nTshienAthdevesrttaisnindgardMizaantaiogneroaflstohewocrokms pwainthy uncatms,epalanndtst,rapdaecmkaagrkes, ianncdlupdriinngteiddemntaitfeicriaatilo. nTshuesdeedsiognnbaunidldipnrgosd,upcrtioodn oMfaWrkEetinpgrinotregdanmizaatteiorinala, rpehaolstooguranpdheircthseervdiicreecstiaonndoafstshiestaAndcveertotisitnhge ManTagheer aInsfaorremtahtieocnomMpaannayg'esrh'sisstotarficfahlaanrdchleivsesin. formation for press, rtiaodni,o,pTuVbl,icgetnalekrsa,l mcoamgamzuinneit,yscrieelnattiifoicnsj,ouliraniasolsnawndithtecBhenlilcaTlepleupbhloicnae mcoimlitpaarnyieasn,dangdovtehrenmcoennttrawcoturka.l fulfillment of information releases on magaTzhinee,PuthbelicWateiostnesrnMEalneacgtreirc sEunpgerivnieseers, tmhoentshtalyffspupbrelipcaartiinognsWfoEr PHuebaldicqautaiortnerSsearnvdictehseiSsearvlsioceaDfiuvinsciotino,nanodf oththeerPcuobmlicpaatnioynpsubMliacnaatigoenrs's. egmropulpo.yeIen naedwdsiptiaopne,rsthpisubolrigshaendizaattioWnEofpfelarsntasdavnidceoathnedr laoscsaistitoanncs.e to There are two other Public Relations Managers. The first directs a ggrraomups,ththaet dinevfoerlmopastiaonndpcrooogrrdaminastefsorcosumppearnvyis-owrsideanpdubelmicplaofyfaeierss parnod cPounbdliucctRs eelamtipolnosyeMe ainnfaogremradtieovneldoepvsealonpdmceonotrdanindatreessecaorlclheg. eThreelaotitohnesr pWroEgrcaomnstriebxuctliuosnivseaonfd cmolelemgbeerrsehcirpuitpinroggraacmtivsitaiensd, toafkerselactairoensofwtihthe various business associations and public service organizations. ORGANIZATION PLANNING estabNlieswheedstionfmthied-cAomprpila,n1y9's64ninase daivfuisritohnesr, OstregpaninizaatsisounriPnlganthniengefwfeacs tiveness of WE's response to Bell System needs. plexiTtyheofacccoemlemrautinnigcaptiaocnes otfecchonmoploagnyy, otpoegreatthioenrsw, tihthe itnhcerebarsoeaddcodmis psterrusciotunreofincotmhepalnigyhtunoiftst,hcealnlseefdorfoarn eefxfeacmtiivneatcioonmmofutnhiecactioomn,pacnleya'sr assignment of responsibility and an alert response to customer needs. 79 pTaontyhiosregnadn,izOatrigoanniaznadtiofnunPcltaionnnsinignutnhdeerltigakhet sosftucduirersenotf torvenerd-salilncoomur business and modern industrial practice and recommends the most ef fbeiclittiivees toorgtahneizBaetlilonSyosftermesaonudrcetos tthoecUar.rSy. Gouotvethrnemceonmt.pany's responsi dentFoofutrhidsirdeicvtiosirosno. f Organization Planning report to the Vice Presi 80 Principal Subsidiaries of W estern Electric VIII Sandia Corporation princSipanadl inauCcoleraprorwateiaopnoinssondeevofeltohpemAetnomt iincsEtanlelartgioynCs.omItms irsessiopno'nsstihbrielie ntiuesc,leianr twheeafpioelnd tooftnhuecrleetairreomrdennatnocfe,theaxttewnedapfroonmfrionmcepsttoiocnkpoilfe.each ates Utwnodelrabaonroanto-prireosfift,onrot-hfeeeAcoEnCtr--aScta,nWdiEa 'sLSabanodraiatoCryo,rpAolrbautiqouneorqpueer, Na etewstMreaxnigcoe, aatndTSoannodpiaahL, iNveervmadoare, Lanabdosrmatoalrlye,rLtievsetrmfaocrilei,tiCesalaiftorPnoiain--t ACargpueellKo,enCnaeldifyo,rnFialo;rWidah.iteSaSnadniadaCMoripssoirleatiRoanngeem, pNloeyws Mabeoxuicto;7,a0n0d0 pSearnsdoinasLinivAerlmbuoqreueLraqbuoeraantodryiseNmepwloyMeeexsicnou'smlbaergreasptpcriovxiliimanateemlypl1o,0y0e0r.. tion TohfethSeanadrimailnagb,orfautzoirnigesadnedsigfinr,indgevseylsotpem, tsesat,nadndotmheornintoonr-pnruocdlueacr cnoumclpeoanr eanstssemanbdliessysdteesmigsnneedceasnsdarydetvoelmopaekde bayfinLiossheAdlawmeoaspoSncioenfttihfiec LLiavbeorrmatoorrey, t(hLeAASELC) 'sanodtheLrawmraejnocrewReaapdoiantiodenvLelaobpomraetnotryins(tLalRlaLti)onast. poneSnat,ndsiyas'stermesspaonndsibmiliatnieusfainctvuorlivneg bdaesvicelaonpdmeanptp;liteedstrinesge;arrcehli;abciolimty apnudrcqhuasailnitgy, ceotnct.r)o;l;atnedchfnieicldalesnugpipnoeretriancgtivaintidestr(apienrisnognnoefl,mcoilmitapruytining, isntrculuctdoerss pianrtmicaipinatteionnanicnefualnldscoapleertaetsitosn; roeflianbuiclilteyaranwdeaqpuoanlist.yTceosnttirnogl incluSdaendstioackdpoielse nsoutrvmeiallnaunfcaectaunrde osarmapsslienmg.ble weapons for stockpile. The laboratories fabricate models or prototypes of components and 81 spyrostteomtyspaensdttohevnarreioleuassesumba-ncounfatrcatcutroinrsg athnrdoduegshioguntintfhoermcoatuinotnryo.nTthheusse, drawings, specifications, and other manufacturing information are SandSiaa'sndcihaisefapctriovdituiecstsairne tnhoetnluimclieteadr wtoeatphoenswperaopgornasmp.rogram. The yteecahrsnipqruoevsi,dfeacailictiaepsa,bainlidtyskthilalst dfietsvenlaotpuerdallbyyiSntaondcieartoavinernaonp-ewrieoadpoonf psyrostjeemctss ofofrnathtieonValeliantHeriegsht. AFoltrituindsetansactee,llSitaensdfiaorprdoevteidcetidngthneulcolgeiacr dsyestotenmatsiotonsbienusspeadcea,saanudxiisliraersyppoonwsiberlesfoourrcthese isnafseotymaesspaetcetlslitoefsn. uclear plannSianngdipahLasaebsoorafttohrey fhiarsdt nituscbleegarintneisntgshaostainpa1r9t4o5f. LTAheSLacdtuivriitnygwthaes eaxnpdaanidrfeideldinfalactielit1ie9s46intoAplbrouvqiudeerqculoe.seTrhteiesSawnidthia tfhaeciglirtoywcionngtimnuileitdartoy LgrAoSwLaanndd iLnR1L9,4a9sktheed tUonbiveerresliiteyvoedf oCfatlihfeoronrida,nawnhciechenogpineerearteinsgbjootbh. tPermestiodeanstsTumruemtahne,rtehsrpooungshibtihlietychfoairrmmaannaogfetmheenAtEoCf,SaasnkdeidatLhaebBoeralltoSryys. subsiTdoiadryo ttohiso,pWereastteerSnaEndleiactrfiocrctrheeateAdEtCheaSsanadsiaerCviocrepoorfattihoen aBselal Suynsdteemr atporitmhee Gcoonvterrancmt wenitt.hTthhee AAEECC, fhaacvielitaiefsirwst-hciocsht Svaalnudeiaexocpeeerdaitnesg s8e1r5v0i,c0e00b,u0i0l0d.inTghseoSnaSnadniadiLaaBbaosreatoonrythinecoluudtseksirtthseomf Aailnbulaqbu,eorqffuicee, aanndd LteisvtearrmeaosreloLcaatbeodraotnorayr,eompoetneesdtreintch19o5f6mteosaparofveiwdemailecsloawsearyw. Soarknidniga rtweloatmioinlsehsifprowmitthheLRciLty, oisf Lloicvaetremdoirne.the San Francisco Bay area some GoveSrannmdeianteamnpdl,oyaereesnaorte Bpaelild Sfyrostmemfuenmdsplaopypeeros.prHiaotwedevbeyr,thsoemUe. oSf. Sandia's officials are on loan fromWestern Electric and BellLaboratories. Teletype Corporation is engTaegleetdypinethCeorrpesoeraarticohn, disevWeleosptmerenntEalencdtrmica'snulafragcetustresuobfsaidcioamryplaented line of data communications equipment. distanMcees,saangdespraonvdiddeaatareccaonrdbeofsaennyt btreatnwseaecntiolnoceaittihoenrs,asloactayllpyeworriltotenng ptaapgee. copy (plain paper or business forms) oras a strip of coded punched AT&T introduced its teletypewriter exchange service (TWX) in 82 t1h9e31s.yDsteumrin. gTothdeayf,irastboyueatr9, 8o,0n0ly0 5m0emsseasgseasgeasreandoarymwaletrreafrfoicu.teInd oSveepr tleamrgbeestr,cu19to6v2e, rthine tTeWlepXhonneetwhoisrtkorwy.asSocmonev6e0r,t0e0d0tsotadtiiaolnospweeraretiionnvoinlvtehde. ATWs aXreisnuflot,rmalal tTioWnXcesntatteironins wSte.nLt toouiAs,ll-MNiusmsobuerir Cbeacllaimngeaancdceassniabtlieonbayl dialinTgwao coofmthmeomnacjoordec.ompanies that provide transoceanic radio chan nMealsckfaoyr, treelpeotyrtpethwartit7e0r0ucsaelrlss,athdeayRgaodiooutCboyrptoerleattiyopneworfitAermferorimcaNaenwd YUonrikteadnSdtaWteass,htienlgetporninttoermciorrceuitthsanare25inctoeurcnotrninesecotevdersbeyasA. TW&iTth'sintetlhee tcyapteewwriittheroenxechaannogtehesrertvhircoeu. gThWtXhe's s6w0i,0tc0h0esdubdsiaclribneertws ocarkn sciommpmlyunbiy dthiaoluinsagntdhseonfupmribvearteolfintheenpetawrtoyrkwsa,notfewd.hIinchadthdeitbioigngteostTuWseXrs, tahreerperaerses assocTiaetlieotnysp,eaiCrloinrepsoraantidonGoevqeurinpmmeenntt diseppaartrmt eonftst.he DEW Line and tSrAacGkEingCostmatmiounnsi.cations System and is used in the 18 Project Mercury In aTwelaertytpheatCroerqpuoirraetdioonutgportoidtuscbinigggethstebeonoesmt yd,ursiwngiftW, worriltdteWn acromIL mpruondiuqcutieosnw. Aerlesonieneldoendg-tdoisatvaonicde ccaolnafmerietonucsese,rtreolresprinincteorocrdoimnamtiunngiqwueasr couldTebleety"spceraCmobrpleodr"atmioonrme oevaesidlyintthoannetwelehpehadonqeuavroteicressi.n Skokie, Illi nmoiinsi,satrCathioicnagbouislduibnugrba,nidn m19a6n0u.fTachteurminogdefamcilrietiseesarccohvelarbaortaottoarlieosf, oande mopiellriaotnessqauasmreaflel emt aonfuflfoaocrtusrpiancgepolnanatnin10L5iattclreeRsiotec.k,TAherkcaonmsapsa. ny also ElectTrioctaSl uwpoprlikesfoSrecreviicseoevmerpl5o,y0e0e0s paeroeprlee.sidInenatdadtitTioenl,et3y3peWCeosrtperon rmateinotn.foTrhtehyeavrearitohuescdoiosrtdriibnuattiinngg uhnouitsefso,r LporoncgurLiningesTealnedtypoepeerqautiinpg telephone company locations. as thTehneewcomTeplaentyyp'senpelwanMt Todheelse30neswerliyesdeosfigenqeudipsmetesnftillisthaes emvoedr eerxn poafncdoimngmnueneicdastioofnb. uEsiqnueispspaenddwinidthusftoruyrfororwa fkaesytebromarodrseafnledxiabuletommeaatnics cinhaorpaecrtaetrogreenaesreataonrsd tchoenvMenoideenlc3e.3 and 35 lines offer a new dimension The Model 28 unit which was first introduced to Bell System serv83 \ oicpeeriante1s9a54t uisp sttoill10th0ewhoarrdds caomreinouftesefrovricpeagueset.eTlehtyepMeworditeelrs28ansderiueps to 200 words a minute for some tape punching units. The previous modeAl --reNceon.t1a5d--diotipoenratotedTeulpetytope7's5 ewqouridpsmpeenrtmlinineuthea.s been the high sdpaetaedontatphee-tora-ttaepoef s1y,s0t5e0mw. oTrhdiss pseyrstmeminutrtaen. sTmhietsBaenlldSryescteeimvems atarkpeetds this uTnedleetrytpheewtrriatedremmaarckhidnaetsaosppeeeradt.e by the transmission of electrical preucleseivsionvgesrectsom--masuncliocasetiobnycahsaancnreolsssfrtohme raoosmen,doinrgasunfaitrtaowoanyeaosr omuoterer aspreacper.eTssheed.seTnhdeinrgecueniviitncgreuanteits cpounlvseesrtswphuelnsetshebatcykpeiwntroitemr-elickheankiecyasl pacatpioenr,orimbpursiinnteisnsgfolertmtesr.s,Infitghuerecsodaen,deaocthhelretctehraroarctneursmobneraisrroelpl roef senteKdeybytoavdeirsstainticlittycoomf bthineaMtioondeolf2e8leacntrdic3a5l pliunlessesi.s a unique device a"sbtouuntt tbhoex.s"iz"eStoufnta" cisaratonnooldf kpirningt-isnizgeteclieggarreatpthestethrmat fiosrknnoonw-ntypaisnga fsutunncttiobnosx smuackheassitspeaacsiyngto, caadrdriaegxetrarefteuarntu,relisnetofeethdeotrelsewtyitpcehwinrgit.erTsh--e htooraicztoivnatatleasnwditvcehretsicoanl toarbuolfaftforrosm, forermexoatemlpolcea.tIiotnasl.so makes it possible videOanneecoofnthome picrainl csiepleacltaivpeplcicaalltiinognssyosftethme. sMtuenstsabgoexshcaasnbbeeenditroecptreod othnelyintfoormmaactihoinnebselioncgatteradnsamt ipttleadce--s athpaatrtairceulaacrtupalallnyt cloocnacteiornne, dfowr iitnh mstaensscaeg. eParirnetaelrws aiynsaonsythsteemaletrht,atthaerier sntuont tcbaollxeeds icnonftoinr utahlalyt priadritnicgutlhaer line,TwealeittiynpgefCorosrppeocriaftiiconinfeoqrumipamtioennttoofbfeersdniroetctoendlytoatmheeman. s of trans mtrainttsinacgtidoantaeiwthheernienvtehreitfoirsmneoefdtehde, tbyupet witripttreonviwdeosrdaorrecaosrad sotrfipanoyf Wcoidtehdstuacphevwehrsiacthilictayn, Tbeelesttoyrpeedeoqruuipsemdetnot aisctiidveaatellybufistitneedssfomratchheinjeosb. qoufifcekeldyindgisterliebcuttreodnitcodthaetafimeladc.hAingerseaant ddetahleonf gTeetlteintygpethreesienaforcrhmasitniocne the wWahrihleasTbeleeetnypdeevCootrepdotroatifoanstedroetrsannsomt iaspsipoenaranads parsinetpianrgatoefbdlaotcak. ToneltehtyepWe Ecoomregsanuinzadteiornthcehajrutr,issduipcetriovnisioofnWofEthVe iccoemPpraensiyd'senint--teMreasnt uin facturing-Area B. 84 N a ssa u Sm elting and R efining Co., Inc. Bell ESayrsltyemin, WitsesctaerrenerElaescttrhice bmeagnaunfatchteurriencglaamnadtiosnupopflyscurnapit mofettahles atusrainmg.eTanhsesoeforpederuactiinognsthweecreositniotfianlloyncfearrrroieuds omneatatlsHuaswetdhoinrnmeaWnuofrakcs. 'H20oswaenvderc,otnhceomraiptaindt gimropwrothveomfetnhteinBseelrlviScyeslteedmtonethtweorrekpladcuerminegntthoef otoldaecrceuqmuuiplamteenftasinterthtehafnielidt tcoouthlde beextepnrotctehsastedtelbeyphthoneefasccirlaitpiebsetghaant wereTaovamilaebelte.this need and to centralize scrap reclamation, Western ELloeccattreicd aactqTuoirtetednvthileleN, aSstsaateunSImslealntidn,gNaenwd YRoefrikn,iintgisCuonmdpearntyheinsu1p93e1r. visioAnsofatrheesuWltEofVtihcies Ppruerscihdaesnet,--thMeaBnuelflacStyusrtienmg-wAaresaasAs.ured a depend laebalde. Fsuropmplythoeffisrestc,oNnadsasrayu'nsosncfrearproruecslammeattailosn--oppreirmataiorinlys pcroopvpeedrmaonsdt secffreacptivweh. icHhowcoeuvledr,ntohterbee wreecrleaicmoendsidfoerraBbleellqSuyasntteimtiesusoefbtuetlewphhoinche cwoausldgibveenustheed abdydoittihoenralscrerasppodnesaibleirlistyanodf dciosnpsousminegrso. fInall1B94e1ll, NSyasstseamu sccorualpd,nsoetllbinegusteodobtyhethrepBroecllesSsyosrtsemth. e scrap and its by-products that phonWe ecastbelrenaEnldecwtriirce.nNeeadsssaaughraesatbedeenalaosftceoapdpyesrotuorcmeaonfutfhaicstumraeteterilael pprroovvieddintgo baeboouft gorneaet-qausasristetarncoef toourtheyecaorlmypraenqyuiirnemmeenettsi.ngThitiss Bhealsl sScyasrtceem. responsibilities, particularly during periods when copper is 99.63Tahnedcoispcpoemr Npaarsasbaulerienfinqeusalfiotyr WtoEthmeuhsitgmh-egertadaepcuoriptypesrtapnroddarudceodf bbyareflreocmtrorleyctilcaimreefidnemriaeste.riNalasasmauo'sunytesatrolyapbrooudtu2c5tiomnilloifoncoppopuenrdsw. iTreokveideepsuapn waditdhitiWoneaslte4r5n'smdilelimonanpdoufonrdswbiryebcaornctroapcptienrg, Nwaitshsaouthaelsrorepfrion eNraiesssatuo'sprreofcineisnsgsccarpapacrietyq.uiring electrolytic refining or which exceeds on stNeealswsaiurea,lasondprtoindsueclebsrcoonpzpeebrasrhsowt hwichhicWh iEs uusseedsbtoymWaEkefoterlepplahtoinnge cfoorrdBse.lLl Seaydst,eimn vuasreioinussiazlalobylefoamrmosuinstsa.lso returned to Western Electric The telephone companies are not obligated to sell their scrap 85 tdhlreoaungdhdNisapsossaeuoSfmaneyltisnugchanmdatReerifainlsintghabtutht eNoapssearuatiisngobcolimgaptaendietos ohfafenr. M ANUFACTURERS JUNCTION RAILW AY COMPANY in IllTinhoeisM, Jaannuufaarcyt,ur1e9r0s3JutoncptrioovnidReairlawilaycoCnnoemcptiaonnys wlinaksiningcothrpeoHraatwed tahroernabeoWutor1k3smwiiltehs aolfl tmraacjkorinraialnrodadabsoyustteHmaswetnhtoerrinnegaCnhdicaagsom.aTllhbeuret abdoeuqnudartaeilrofrleliingghtst(omcoks. tlTyhreawramilwataeyriadlesl)ivteorsreaqlul iroefd Hloacwattihoonrsnew'sithinin tshheipWpeodrkassarraeialraonadd afrlleioguhttb. oTuhned frianiilsrhoeadd caolsmomsuenrviceastiosonms eeqoufipHmaewnt thorne's industrial neighbors. 50 yeTahrse lcaotemipnan19y5's2.oArisgiinnalthteencuarsee ooff t5h0e yTeealrestywpaesCeoxrtpeonrdaetidona,nWothEe'sr interest in the Manufacturers Junction Railroad comes under the juris diction of the Vice President--Manufacturing-Area B. of BWellhTileelAepTh&oTneanLdaWboersatteorrnieEsleacntdricBeealclchoomwmn5I0ncp.e, rtcheenset ocfotmhepsatnoiceks are inSolefguanldeafmfecetnstaulbstoidciaormiems oufnAicTat&ioTn.s progress are the contributions mthiasdeunbiqyuBeeollrgTaenliezpahtioonnemLoarbeorpartooprieersl,yhboewloenvgesr,(tahnadt aapdpeesacrrsip)tiionnthoef ftiiersstopfaorut roBf ethllisSywsotermk, "wphairctnhedrse.a"ls with the functions and responsibili BELLCOM M INC. jointlAy irneceeqnutaaldadmitoiounntstobythAeTB&eTll aSnydstWemE,isthBiselclocommpmanyInwc.asOiwncnoerd porated on March 22,1962. The Headquarters are in Washington, D.C. for dTiehenactoiomnp'sanmyawnnaesdorfgliagnhitzepdrotgorapmrovinidreesspysotnesmestoplaanrneiqnugessut pfproomrt the NInatiaonlealtteAretroonFau. tiRc.s KanadppSepl,acCehAaidrmmainnisotrfattihoen.Board and Chief "EIxtewcuotuilvdebOeffaicpeurbolficAsTe&rvTi,cNe AofStAheAvdemryinfiisrtsrtaotordr eJarmofeismEp.oWrtaenbcbewifrotthee, oBregllanSiyzastteiomn wofouelxdpeurniednecretadkemteon acsaspisatbNleAoSfAg.iv.in.gbytheprorevsipdoinngsibalne NASA officials the benefit of the most advanced analytical procedures 86 teondgeinveeeloripngthedfeaccistiuoanlsbarseiqsuthireeydnefoedr ttohme askuecctheesswfuildeerxaencguetioonf syosftetmhes mannBeedllcsopmacme fwligohrktsmwisistihont.h"e Office of Systems in NASA's Office of nMinagnnseudpSpopartceinFclliugdhet. tPhreojGecetms ifnoir pwrhoigcrhamit itsoperoavrtihd-ionrgbistysatetmwsop-mlaann tshpeamcescarfaefltyatnodetahrethA. pollo program to land men on the moon and return Dr. John A. Hornbeck, Bellcomm'spresident, has described the com pTawnoy-tahsirdasn o"ofrgthaenizeamtipolnoyoefesmaordeeshtigshizley-atrnadin, ewdetehcohpnei,cahligshpeacbiailliitsyts.". The remainder are administrative personnel. 87 Communications Services IX and Products ElecItrnicthaendcoiutsrsBeeollf Sthyisstesmurvpeayrtonfetrhs,etihnetecgornacteedptoopfesreartivoinces ohfasWpersotveernd bthileityleiatmndotiinvn. oBvaastiiconto. Tthhies ccoonncceepptt iasreretahleizfeadcttohrrsouogfhretlhiaebislhitayr,edflerxei sthpeonrseisbeialirtcyhaannddcdoemvmeloonpmpeunrpt,otsheeinmaanpupflaycintugrethaensde sthurpepelyf,acatnodrsthine cFooorrdtihniastiroenasaonnd, WopeesrtaetrinonEolefcetrqiucispmroelnet ipnrotvhiediBngellcoSmysmteumniciastiobnesst. napatpiorani-swedideinnteetrwmosrkofanthdethoerdSerylsytemde'svealboiplimtyentot osfupthpelyBtehlel aSryrsatyemo'sf communications required by the needs of its subscribers. To judge the scope of this endeavor, it may be appropriate to re vseiervwicseomwehiocfhthtehekinBdeslloTf ceolempmhounneiccaotimonpsanoitehserotfhfearn arengdultahreteplreopdhuocntes sthueppdleiescdritpotitohnesmwbhyicWh efostlelornwEalreectsreilcectotivtheirsaetnhde.r Itht amnaiyncbleusniovete.d that BEUL SYSTEM CO M M U N ICATIO N S S E R V IC E S bCuesinnetsrs eorxGovTehrinsmmeencthaagneinzecdy dcoirmecmtuinnwicaartidonasndsyostuetmwaorfdfedrsiatlhineglaarngde ionftethrceomCednitarelixngatwteinthdoauntt,thinechoemlpinogf caanllsatmteanyd abnet tWranisthfetrhreeda. ssistance Denaabtlaes bCuosinmesms muacnhiinceasttioo"tnalsk"wBitehlleSaychsteomthedr iantvaa-prihouosnceodseesrvaincde aTthvearWiouesstseprneeEdsleocvtreircreDgAuTlAar-PtHelOepNhEondeastathsreotusgahnodutrtehleateUdnietqeduiSptmateens.t work in harness with a variety of business machines. 91 wdartitaesrpseaenddtacpeer-tatoin-taoptehesrybstuesminecsasrrmieascdhiantaesoprrigoidnuactiinngg fpruonmchteedletdyaptae. Evisdioun,cacatriroiend aovleTr eBelell vSiysstieomntranCslmosisesdiocnircfaucitiliEtidesu,caotfifoenrsalscTheoloel sinygsteomnsiatsn ewciodneomexicpaelrimenecaensoonf ecxopmamndeirncgiaeldTuVca,titohnealBfaeclliliStiyesst.eDmrahwas developed a comprehensive information program concerning ETV. E m ergency Reporting Telephone Service With athnids psoylsitceemd,ifsipreastcahnindgostwhietrchebmoearrgdesntchireosuagrhearenpetowrtoerdk doifrestcrtalytegtoicaflilrye placed street phones. Farm Interphone Combining the household telephone with sdpoeoarkleorumdsipceroakpehrosn,etshiisnshyostuesmes,enbaabmless, tahnedfoarumtbeurilodrinragnscahnedr twoithhanodulte tohuetmsidteo cthalelst,elreepachhonpeeboyplleouadrospuenadkethr.e farm, indoors and out, and call GsigrnoeduepspeAciallelyrftoirnthge naenedds oDf simsapllacotmchmuinnitgiesS, tyhisstseysmtem pDroe tvhidroeusgfhorthtiemireoawnnd hmoomneeyo-rsabvuisnignedsissppahtocnheso.f volunteer fire companies LswEifTtlyScarLriaews cErnimfoirncaelmaelanrtmTselaentydpeawdmriitneristSreartviviceemisesasasgerevsictehrwouhgichh out a state or regional area as an aid to public safety. M tacot bbeitlweeeTneauletopmhoboilneseanSdearnvy ioctheer Ttehleispphroonveidinesthime mneetdwiaotrek.coAnn asedrvvaicnec,eids tuynpdeeorfddeivaellompombeilnet.service, offering fast and more convenient Scocnhfinoeod lto-Hbeodmat heomSeyosrtienma hosWpitiathl atrheisabsleervtoicbe,eacrhialnddrepnarwtihcoipaartee in their regular classes. Tte lee ltyepteywprietewr sreirtveicre: STeelre tvyipceew r itTehr e EBxeclhl aSnygsetemSeorfvfiecres two kin (twx) das nodf cPorinvnaetcetiLnigneteTleetlyeptyewperwiterirtesrtaStieornvsicleoc(attwedplin). atwsuxbssecrrvibiceersproofvfiicdeesonfoar smwaiytcchaeldl abnaysiosthseimr.ilAarttwoxtedlierepchtoonrye,msiemsislaagretosetrhveictee.leAphnyontewdxiresctatotiroyn, wlishtsicthheprnoavmideessalnodcanluamnbderinstoerf-eeaxcchhasnugbesccrhibaenrn,etlsw palndissatautinoint seeqrvuiicpe mmeennttstahnroducgohnoduittioansc.ustomers locations under many varied arrange W nicaAtioTnSs to WallidpehAorneeasTienledpehsoignneaSteerdvigceeopgrroavpihdiecsaelcaorneoams iactalfcuollmtmimue oLrinmeeSaesruvriecde twimiteh mthoenftlhelxyibrialtiety, coofmrebgiunlianrgLthoengraDteisfteaantcuereSseorvficPer.ivate COM M UNICATIONS EQUIPM ENT the pTroovtihseioBneollfTtheelespehcoonmemcoumnipcaantiioensswsheorvriecleys,otnhWe iEtemfosr ethqautipWmeesntetrinn Elikleecttreilcepsuhpopnleises adnidvidsewiintctohbtowaordms,aiwn hciacthegaorreiesp: hsyusbicsaclrliybelropcraotedducotsn, tshyestesmubsscarnidbetrrsa'npsrmemissisioesn; eaqnudipnmonen-stuwbshcircihbecropmropdriusectsth, ethneastiwonit-cwhiindge Bell ISnysstoemmenceatswesor--k.certain test sets, for example, and telephone booths --letttheresi"dKeSn"tiifnydinicgatniunmg mbearnouffathcetuprearbtyicaufliarrmporothdeurctthiasnpWreefastceerdnwEliethctrthice, tchaatatlooguur ecoomf ipteamnys sthupatplWiese.stNeronaEttleemctpritchpausrcbheaesnesmiandveotloumliestatshae pvaasrtt poafsistsinsgutphpalyt tfhuenscetipounrcfoharstehse rBepelrlesSeynstteams,itghnoifuigcahntitamndaybbaseicnoptaerdt ionf the cWomesptaenryn'sErleescptorincs'sibiMlitayrktoetiintsgBoerlglaSnyisztaetmion"ppaurtbnleisrsh.e"s handbooks ganooddbnruomchbuerresofdtehsecsreibsinugbscinribdeertaainldbnuotni-nsunboscnr-itbeecrhnpircoadlulcatnsgaunadgethea sthueppboriretifnngosteartvioicnessotfhaspteWciefiscteitrenmEslewchtriicchaflsoollofuwrnhisahveesb. Ienenmaabnsytrcaacsteesd, from this material TelephoneSSUeBtsSCARwIBideEaRrraPy RofOtelDepUhoCneTs Sserves the needs toeflehpohmoeneansdetbfuosrinseuscsh. WloecsatteiornnsEalescmtriicneesveonr mfloaukresfaacntoerxiepsl.osTiohne-pmrooosft faabmleiliianr mofotdheelsse wis,itnho bduotutbotn,sthfeor50i0ntdeercskonsneet,cbtiuotne, vheonldthinisgsectalilss,avaanild signalling. introAduncoethdeirnptohpeuflaalrl toefle1p9h59o.nTehfeorPtahneehl otemleephisonthee, dpersinigcneesdsfosretr,ecfierssst ianbwasailclspoarnesul rwfaicthe hmaonudnsteitnga,nwd adsiailn;traoHduocmede iInnt1er9p6h3oinnethpraeneelm; oaduenlsi:t obfuftetroinngflbeoxtihbiltihtye) baansdicaanSdpeHakoemrpehoInntee.rphone features (utilizing six- For business or professional use where more than six push buttons 93 a d re ire r c equir tor etedl,epWhoensetesr.nT hEelseecstreitcs hmavane ucfearctatuinrepslusge-vienrmalodtyupleess moof ucnateldl foonr tahenusmlopbienrgoffropneot psluerfaancde tionteprrcoovmid,ecocennfetrraelniczee,dhaonlsdwinegr,inmgusletir-vliincee pickuApu,tosimgnaatilclinDgiaalnedr tterlaenpshfoenresseravriecea.lso available. The rapidial0, an astuotroemaastimc adniaylearsm2a9d0enbuymMbecrGsrfaowr-rEedpiesrotno,ryusdesiaalimnga.gAnentoicthtearpemaangdnectainc tape repertory dialer, the macicall0 E l rapid dialer, manufactured by TthheePcearridnidEialleecrtrotneilcepChoornpeo,rmataiodne,actaInndsitaonreapaoslims Wanoyrkass, 9h5a0s unnulmimbietresd. Tcahpeaccituys'taonmdeirs ceosdpeesciaolfltyenu-suesfeudl innucmallbienrgsgoronupplsaostficnucmarbdesrswrehgicuhlaralrye. inserAtemdoinntgotaheslnotewinetshteotfeBleeplhl oSnyestuemnittetolemphaokneeasciasltl.he set for touch- tfoounreth-sqeuravritceer,owfh1i9c6h3.wInesntteiandtoofptrhoedruocttaioryndaiatlI,nthdiisansaept ohlaissad1u0ri-nbguttthone creaclltianngg. uTlahre umnuitltio-nfrewqhuiecnhcythseignsualbsscwrhibicehr traepsusltouartethcoennvuemrtebdertohdeiaisl eprualsoefs efloercturosenicbysweiltecchtirnog-mtheicshacnoincvaelrscieonntrwalillofnfoiceloenqgueripbmeennetceIsnsatrhye, of course. PswBitcXhinEgqeuquipipmmeennt ltocaAtePdBoXn(ParicvuastteomBrearn'schprEexmcihsaensgteo) wcohniscihstsaoref coonntnheectperdemtriusnesk. lPinBeXs*stomtahye bceenetriathleorffmicaenaunadl olirnedsiatlo Itnhemtaenleupahlosnyess steymstse,mtsh,ealslwinittecrhcionmg monunaicllatcianlglscaisllshaannddleodutgboyinagncaaltltsenmdaayntb.eIndiadlieadl edqirueicptm, aenndt minacyombiengeitchaellrssaterep-hbayn-dstleepd obrycaronsasbttaern.dTahnet.cTohmepsawnyitcmhianng suifzaectfuorresthmeorreequthiraenmaenstcsotrheaotfthPeBXcoanrvreannigeenmceenotrs doefswireideolfythvaeryciunsg tomer demands. ing SOynsteemof, tchoensnisetwinegstooffathuensiet idnestihgensceisnttrhael o1f0f1iceEltehcattrocnoinctrSowlsittchhe wswitihtcahninagttuennidtsanont ctohnesocules.toMmienrisa'tuprriezmatiisoens,oefancheaorlfyw3h0i0c,h00is0apsasrotcsiapteerd omfitEsScSomapppaecatrisnsltaatlelartiionnt.hAis fcuhlaleprtedre,sicnritphtieonseoctfiothnedgeeanlienrgalwpritinhcNipolens- "TTrraaddeemmaarrkk ooff tthhee MFecrGmriaEwl-eEctdriosonnicCCoomrppoarnayt.ion. 94 PSBubXs,crainbdercPerrotadiunctosf. Sitisnceeq,uiinpmefefenctt,isthleoc1a0t1edESoSn, saucbtsscarsibaenr eplreecmtroisneisc, ictluhdaes abbeberneviniactleuddeddiailnintghi(sinsewcthioicnh. Tfrheequfeenattulyrecsalolfedthneum10b1erEsS, Slocinal or long distance, may be reached by dialing three digits), touch-tone cfearlelinncge, ccaallllstrtoandsifaelrtwfoor oadudtsiitdioencaallplsarwtiietshoinuttooapnereaxtiosrtinasgscisotannvceers,actoionn bfiyrstthceompmaretrycioalrigsyinstaetminsg, rtheaedycolnavteersinati1o9n6,3,anwderCeesncthreexdusleedrvifcoer. PTBhXe and Centrex service. Ktypeeys oEf kqeuy ispysmtemesn. t Western Electric manufactures three basic and Thohled 1oAf PsyBsXtemorpcreonvtirdaelsofsfuicceh lminaejso,rmsaenrvuiaclesorasdimalulstei-lelicnteedpiicnkteurp ctoommamtiucnciucatotifnfgoranexdclsuigsinoanllisnegrv,itciees.line connections and manual or au and Tdihffeer1sAo1nslyysitnemthperolivniedecsirtchueitsadmeseigmnaujoserds,ertvhiecems oasdethoef1mAosuynsttienmg athnedeoqtuhieprmseunpteruvniistosr,yanfudnactrieoqnus.irLemikeentthfeor1Alocsyalstpeomw, earllfolorolsineekheyoldteilneg pfehroinnge uflneixtisbialriteyairnratnhgeedproonvisaio"nbuoilfdivnagrybinlogckc"omprbinincaiptiloen,sthoefresbeyrviocfe features. tionsTshyest6emA kweiythtealecpahpoanceitysyosfte3m6 isstaatiodniasl, saelsleocdtievseiginnteedrcfoomr minustnailclaa t1iAon1 coinrctuhietsswubhsecrreibaecrcepsrsemtoisceesn.tTrahleofsfyicseteomr PwBoXrkslininesaisssorecqiautiiorendwaintdh is avTaihlaebl"eSienletchtorereObnalsyic" aarrrraannggeemmeenntts,pdreosvcirdiebsedfobreldoiwa.l selection of forfof-mprenminiesetoco3n6nsetcattiioonnss,amndeapnrsovfoisriocnonffoerrecnocmemcaolnls,auadrriabnlegesmigennatlslinfogr. for fIlanshadindgitiloamn pto stihgenaslelrivnigceasnddesacurtiobmedataibcoevxec,lu"SsiionngleofLainlle"opthroervisdteas ttiwoonstaflrkoimngthlienkcsonannedcttihouns. iTshceap"aTbwleooLfihnaenAdlrirnagngmeomreenitn"teisrcsoemt utprafffoicr than the Single Line arrangement. PWreostedrun cEtlesctfroicrenSapbleesctihael BSelel rTveliecpehosneEcqoumippmaneienst tsoupopffleierdsubby socfripbaerrtsicauwlairdebuvsairnieestsyeos.f sRpeepcrieaslesnetravtiicvees toafilosruecdh toeqtuhiepmgeennetraalrneeethdes following items: 95 1o-rdSerA-taukitnogmsysatetmicwChiachlldiDstriisbuttreisbinuctoimningg Scayllss ttoemattendAanstmaanll swering positions as they arrive, intended for department stores, mail order houses, airlines, railroads and similar applications. Csuobsncrcibeenr tlirneastdoorw-nIdtoefnrotmiftiweortoTfohuisr terquunikpsmbeentwt eceonncceennttrraatlesoff1i0c0e taenldepahnosnweearinnsgw. eIrtinisguseservdicwesi.th a PBX switchboard on the premises of M essage W aiting Service System M essage w aiting service provides a flashing red lamp on a telephone set to indicate that a omfetshseagsetahtiaosnbseeetnurseecre.iTvehdisaetqauicpemnternalt cisonintrteonl dloecdatpiroinmdaurirliyngfoarbhsoetnecles and motels. 3swAitcShepdemaikcreoprhpohneo-snpeeakSeryssytsteemmperTmhitiss htarnadnss-firseteorcioznevdersvaotiiocne. a(CnderctaoinntroWlsEascaalplardtiroefctthoersette)lephones incorporate the transmitter 1pu0r0poAseTanenloeupnhceomnenet sAysntesmwweirthina gtwSo-ymsitneutme meAsssamgeallc,agpeanceitrya,l tohfitshseetaipspirnotepnridaetedbfourttmonosunotnindgieinkeayresmet.ote location and isunder control sSigwneidtcfohricnugstoSmyersstweimth fNewoe.r t4h0an04(02l0in-e4s,0thDisiias la sPinAglKe c)abiDneet dfeiaaltusryesstetomcwenitthrallimofiftieced oarccoethssertoPBoXutsliidneest.rIatffpicrowvihdiecsh turatiflfiizcehsaandddl-inogn pcahpoanbeilSityiesstemsigonrifitchaent7l5y5gPreBaXte.r than that of either the 6A Key Tele La ablmindpswSiitcghnboaalrdDatetetnedcatnot,rthSe eeqeuiinpmgeAntiisdavaDileasbilgenfeodr utoseawssiitsht No. 555 and 556 PBX switchboards. 1v0ice7AperLmoitsuadssmpalel agrkoeupr oSf epetoplAe ttorahnesaisrtobroizthedsidamespoliffiaert,eltehpishodnee ccoonntvreorls.aItitoins.inTtheendseedt cfoorntbaoinths baucsoinmesbsinaenddobno-ronffe smwairtkchetsa.nd volume BtiaElLlyLBanOYexten1s5io0nMofCtheAbpeelrlsoonnatlhseigcnuasltloinmgerdse'vtiecleepwhohniceh. Ais semssaelnl, frequency modulated radio receiver carried in the customer s pocket, 96 the bellboy can be signalled selectively to emit a soft tone to let the customer know he should call a predetermined number to obtain a message. GSp6eAedEs)(HHaarnddsoeftsHBeoathroinf tgh)eseahnanddseGts 7aAreRinteCnW dedeafokr cpohnonneecs.tioGn6AinRpplarcoeviodfetshaemupsluiafilchaatinodnsfeotrotnho5s0e0,w6i0th0 aimndpa7i0re0d-tyhpeeartienlge; GB7oAthRmparkoevuidseesoafma ptrlaifnicsaisttioornizfeodr athmopsleifiweritahnad wasesaokciastpeedecehlemcoenndtsitiaonnd. are manufactured as a stock item at Indianapolis in all standard colors. NON-SUBSCRIBER PROD UCTS serviTcehedeqpueanlditsyualtnimd arteelliyabuipliotyn othfeavnaystBaerlrlaySyosfteemqucipommemnutnriacraetliyonisf ever seen by the public. The bulk of Western Electric's manufacture cwoanvseistasnodfaslulcthheeqaussipocmiaetnetd--apswpaitrcahtuins.gRsyesptreemses,nctaatbivlee aonfdthwisiraer,rmayicarorethe switching and transmission systems described below. iSncwreiatscedhionvegr tSheysyteearms, tsheAnsattihoen-wnuidmebenretowfoBrkelhl atseleinpchroenaessedhains csyosmtepmlesx,ietyacahttahne pervoednugcrteoafteardriaffteer.eTntoedraay,ofthdreeveelaouptmomenattiicnstwheitcahrtinogf tinelsetaplhlaotniyo,n amllaywsoprakntoaggeetnheerra, tieovne.nWthhoiluegchrotshsebadraitsetsheofprthineciirpoarliaguintoal smteapticinsswtailtlcahtiionngssayrsetewmidienlythueseBdewllhTileeletphheroenearneestowmoerkpatondealys,ysstteemp-sbyinlarge metropolitan areas which continue to provide high quality service. Pagao,nweals inswstaitlclehdinugnetqiluitphme elantte, o'3ri0gsininalllyardgeevemloeptreodpowleitlalnovmerul4t0i-oyfefaicrse aInreaths,ewphaenreel sstyespt-ebmy,-satnepaepqpuairpamtuesnctacloleudldansoetnbdeerusreedceaidvvesantthaegedoiaulsilnyg. isnefloecrmtoarstiosno farsomtothceonsturoblsctrhibeeirr, mhoolvdesmaenndtstraanndsmdiitrsecittstothtehme vtaoriothues pmroorpeercosemttpinlegx. Tanhdis eaxrtreannsgiveemetrnutnwkiansgdtehsaignnewdastoppoesrsmibiltedwiailtihngdiorveecrt tcoontthreol.grTohuepsdoigfittsrutnhkast ttohewshuicbhsctrhibeevradriioaluss hsaevleectnoors dmiroevcet irnelactoiomn pleting the call and the selectors do not move in unison with the dialing. 97 pSattehspt-hbroyu-gshtwehpichsytshteemcisrcoufiftefrroamnotthheercmalleianngspoafrtsyetloectthinegcaallseedripeasrtoyf cBaenll bSeysptreomgrebsesgivaenlyaebsotaubtli1sh9e1d9.. GSteenpe-rbayl-sutseep osfwsittcehpe-bsy-asrteepeliencttrhoe mdiceactheasn,icthael dceovninceecstiuosnuailslytraaccetidvastteedp-bbyy-dstieapl pthurlsoeusg.hAtshtehelinneamfinedienr, wdihailcthonloec;attoesththeesceallelcintogrslinwehaicnhd pcroongnreecstssivtehleyfsiresltecsetltehcetodritgoitgsivreeptrhee sceonntninecgtothr eswoiftfciche,wthhiechthsoeulescatnsdt,haencdaltlheednlintheeahnudnrdinregds tghreousupsb;sctoribtehre, ocor,nidfittihoen loinnethise ecnagllaegdedli,nes.enTdhsebsapcekeda wbuitshywsihgincahlaancdallpilsacceosmaplbeutesyd itnimseteopf-tbhye-satpeppasraytsutesm. s is tied directly to the mechanical switching sCigrnoifiscsanbt ainrnosvyastiotnemin sthadtevtheeloypreodutdeudriangcatlhlein'30lesss- tirmeperetsheanntewdaas required by the mechanical motion of panel and step-by-step in hunting various switching functions. devicTeheemcprolosysibnagr hsowriitzcohn,tathl eanpdrinvceirptiaclalswmietcmhbinergs,eeleamchenmtaugsneedt,iciasllya ohopreirzaotnetdalTmheemobpeerrcaatiuosnesoaf paarvteicrtuiclaarl smeteomfbceornitnacctosnpjruinngcstioanssowciitahteda mwiatghntehteovf etrhteicavlermtiecmalbmeremtobcelrosreemanaidnstoinreompaeirnatciolons.edInascrloosnsgbaars styhse wtemhisc,hcsaelllesctasreansdetesutpabolinshmesatrhkeerpoeqinutispimnetnhte, ntheetwuonrkit thofrotuhgehswyshtiecmh cWalhlsenmtuhset cgoonnbeecftoioren aisnycoomfptlheetedin,ttehrevecnoimngmponathesquairpemaecnttu--allsyenudseersd, pmraorckeesrss,recdouncneescttohresa--mdoruonptsoofuetqaunipdmpernoct etieedds uwpitdhinainnogththere cleanllg. tThhoisf iancgafllorancdallhsa--steanms iatjsoprraodcvesasnitnagg.eCorvoesrsbtahreaolstoheprrotwviodessysatletmersn.ate rout by thNeoB. 1elclrSoyssstbeamr.wNaos.th5ecfriorsstsbsuarc,haslwsoitdcehsiniggnseydstfeomr ltoocablediinatlrocdeunctreadl ofuffnicdeasm, erneptarlelsyenatelodcaal smyostdeimfic,aNtioo.n 5ofistchaepaobrilgeinoafl odpeesriagtnin. gAwlthitohugalhl ttyanpdesemofotratnodllemoffiacned. Ittocllanswalistcohbinegresaydsitleymasrraanndgemdafyorittsoelllfdsiearlivneg,asfoar AMuetsosmagaetiAc cMceosusnatginegA(cCcoAuMntAin)gb(oAtMh oAf)wahnidchfoarrCe ednetsrcarliizbeedd Abeultoowm.atic Four-W ire No. 5 Crossbar Affording high-quality simul- 98 taneous two-way transmission, this concept of No. 5 crossbar switching ifsousru-iwteidreffoarcihliatny,dolirnagdhdiegdh-tsopeexedistdinagtat.wIot-wmiarey Nboe. uSscerdosassbaar sseypstaermatse. Originally intended for military and Government applications, four- wfieilrdessawsittcehlientygpbeywrNitote. n5 mcraotsesrbiaalr, hdaastac,ommemssearcgiealeanpcprylipctaiotinonanind sfuacch simile. Columbus initiated manufacture in 1961. Pagaincgkoaf agneedxisNtinog.sy5stCemr,othsesgbenaerraSl dyessctreipmtion Eofsstheinstisaylslyteamreispsaicmk eilnagritnoetehraintgo,fiNnost.a5lleaqtiuoinpmanednt.spTahceepuatcilkiazgateidonN,op.a5rtaifcfuolradrslyecfoonrosmmiaeslleinr o5f8f0icleisn.eFs;ou81r-s3t3anfrdaamrdespfaocrka9g8e0slianrees;cu4r4r-e4n6tlfyraomffeesrefdo:r 2169-6208lifnraems;e5s4-f5o6r frames for 2940 lines. For additional economy the 580, 960 and 1960- Pliancekoafgfiecdes Nusoe. a5 n wofafsicefitresstt i frame rath ntroduced eirnth1a9n60a ma nadsteisr taevstaiflraabmlee. fTrohme Columbus, Oklahoma City and Omaha. Ttolol ltrlunkIns twoliltahppthliecastcioannsnionfgcroofssablater,rntoaltletruronuktseasrteycpoicnanlecotfedcrtoosostbhaerr. Teqhueiprmapeindtithyaswbiethenwthheicchhitehferseeasroonufteosr tchaenrebdeucsteiolencotefdtimbye rcerqoussirbeadr ttoanccoemDpilaeltienglonacgrodsissttahnecenactailolnin.gTahnedotrhigeininatlrocdrouscstbioanr doefsDiginrefcotrDtoisll tfroarffDicirwecast DidisetnatnifcieedDaiasliNnog.a4ndcrwoshsibleart.hIetrreedqeusiirgendwcaesrtianinpraodcaespst,astioomnse ndeewsigonfafitceedsAw4eAr.eWprhoevnidtheed rweditehsigthnewmorokstweassscenotmiapl leimtepdrtohveemneewntcsroasnsd bar w4aAs disesaigcnraotsesdbaatrNcoo.n4trAo.l switching point system which provides fwoiudre-wbiarseisp,abthestwfoeernesitnatbelritsohlilntgrucnoknsn,etcatniodnesmmaencdhainnitcearltloyllontruannkastiaonnd toll sOwpitecrhaitninggaonnd amdisecsetlilnaanteioonusroteurtmeibnaastiisn,gNtoru. n4ktso.ll crossbar is capa ble of routing a call over a preferred route or any one of as many as six TprheedNetoe.rm4Ainseydsatelmterinnactleurdoeusteasllaouftothmeafteicaatullryews iotfhtohuetoNpoe.r4ataonrdasNsiost.aAnc4eA. systems which preceded it, and both the No. 4 and No. A4A can be modified to No. 4A capabilities. The use of multi-frequency pulsing wcohniscihdecroanbtlryolsthhoerstewnistchthinegteimqueiprmeqeunitreTdhefoerqutriapnmsmenitttwinags itnhteropduulcseeds in 1952 and is manufactured at Kearny, Columbus, and Oklahoma City. vCerloopesdsabsaanriTntaernmdedeiamte miseacthwanoi-cwailreswswitcithcihnigngofsfiycsetefomr oinrtigerincoalnlynedcet iSnugbpseaqnueelnatnlyd, Ncoro.s1sbcarrostsabnadrelmocawl oasfficuessedin faorlartwgeo-mweatyropthorloituagnharteoal.l Cswuirtrcehnitnlyg,inmpolsatcceroosfsNbaor. 4tanwdheemre eaqsumipamlleernctabpeaicnigtyinsystsatellmedisissufoitrabtolel.l switching and CAMA purposes. sEwlietcchtinrgodneviceloSpwmeinttc. hESinS grepSreyssentetsma ciosmtphleetBeleyllnSeywstaempp'sronaecwhetsot switching. By utilizing the programming technique for problem solving uinsefdeabtyurleasrgoefcdoimffpeuretenrtsciennvtraarilooufsficcoesntwroilllubneitsporofvthideesdyswteimth, voanreiabtiaosnics desigTnh. e high speed of electronic devices will perform the basic func tiinognstoofoltohgeirc,ofmfiecmeso. rTy,heinhpiugth-ouotppeurtatsiunpgersvpieseodrypceornmtritosl aanvderoyutspmulasl-l ntruumnkbse,rtoouf cthhe-tsoenceontdroiallicnigrc,uaistswteollsaesrvtehea cloanrgveenntiuomnablerrootafrlyindeisalainngd wESilSl boeffcerosmtphaetibfloellwowitihngthneenwewsesryvsitceems .toAsncoenn-tbruaslinoeffsisceseuqbusicprmibeenrst^: pabrobvriedviinagteidntedricaolimngseorfvicfreeoqvueernthlyousceahlloeldd enxutmenbseiorsn; tecloedpeh-odniaelsin; gauftoor mbuastyic; rtorauntisnfegrooffininccoommininggcaclalsllstotootahneor ttheelerpphhoonnese iiffththeeccaullsetdomlineer iiss anbecsetinotnfrtooma hboumsye;lianecaamsps-ooonnfeaastuthree wusheirchhabnrginsguspa;nciomdme eddiaialitnegcofonr addinSgo ositghnerifsictoanttelaenphaodnveanccoenvhearssantiaotnusr.ally required a great deal of wbeotrwke, eanndBcehllaTraeclteeprhisotincealLlyabthoirsateofrfioerst taonodk Wtheesftoerrmn Eolfeccltorisce etenagminweeorrsk. Dtemursi,ngon1e96f3o,rtcheenBtrealll oSfyfiscteesmainndtroodnuecfeodr tbwuosienleescstrcounsitcomsweirtclhoicnagtiosnyss. "(STuhbesclraitbteerr,Ptrhoedu10c1tsE")SS, has been described earlier in the text under Acouunttoinmg daevtiicces,McaellesdsmaegsesagAe rcecgiostuerns,thianvegbeeEnleucsterod-fmorecyheaanrsictaol record local messageunits used by each subscriber. In preparing monthly btiiclklse,ttshpereinpfaorremdabtiyoonpoenratthoersrefogrisctaelrl,swbaesyosunpdptlheemleoncateldd ibayl i nhganadrewar.iTttehne extension of dialing to wider areas, including Direct Distance Dialing where calls to distant points are completed without operator assistance, 100 minfaodremiattinoenc.esAsaurtyomtoatdiceveMloepssasogme eAacuctooumnatitnicg m(eAaMnsAo)f rpercoovriddiensg tthhee means. With this equipment, information regarding the number call ing, the number called and the duration of the call is recorded auto maticIanllsyoomnepcaepnetrratlaploeciantitohnes,cewnhtrearleovffoilcue.me is insufficient to justify tlohcealincveensttrmalenotffoicfesAmMaAy emqaukipemietnet,cotnhoemciocamllbyinfeedasinbeleedstooufsseevseurcahl equipSmubesnetquinenCtleyn, tAraultiozmedatAicuNtoummabtiecr MIdeensstaifgiceaAtiocnco(uAnNtinIg) e(qCuAipMmAen).t pcarollvinidgendutmhebemr eaannds wtrahnesrmebiyt tChAe MinAforomffiacteiosnwweriethaobulte otopeirdaetonrtifaysstihste ance, Ttwreaenncsitmiesiasrse iuosunallSy yinsctaebmlessor oLnornagdidoirsetalanycesytsetleemphs.oMneanliyneosf tbhee coifrccaurirtiseirn. the cables and all of those on radio relay take one of the forms Carrier is a transmission medium usingwaves that canbe modulated bchyacnhnaenlsgionfgctohmeimr aumnipclaittiuodnes, f(rveoqicuee,ncdya,taoranpdhatseelesgortahpaht,tfhoeryicnasntacnacrer)y. Cbraoraridebrasnydstcemarsriewreareppfierasrtiinngtriondu1c9e4d0. by the Bell System in 1918, with provSedinctheeWcaopraldcitWiesaroIfIc, atrercihenr oalnodgictoadl aiynnsouvcahtiosynsstehmavsearsetetahdeilybaicmk bceonnteoofftthheeiBnteelrlcSityystceimrc'suintamtioilne-awgeid, eapnpertowxoirmka, tperloyv8i5dipnegracbeonutto9f0tepleer Dgreavpehlompmileeangtewaonrdkpcroancttiincaulelsy ianllcIanrtreirecri.tyFoterleevxiasmiopnlep,rothgeramMemrriilmeaagcek. VhaaullletyraWnsomrkisssiionnit.iated manufacture in 1962 on three systems for shortTpo-llitaCnaarrerasi.eIrt isitshienlteeansdteedxpfeonrsuivsee winayshyoertt-dheavuellohpeeadvyto-rouuseteexmisettirnog coavbelretwfaocielixticehsafnogrectayrprieerwtirraenssumpistsoio5n0, dmeivleesl.oping 24 message channels Ncia-l2ly sCuiaterdrfioerrnewis sdeersviigcnesedsufcohr 2a5s-D20i0remctilDeitsrtaannscmeiDssiiaolninagnadnids dspatea mtraisnssimonisosivoenr.tAwno Nca-b2leteprmairisn,awl iptrhoinvitdhees3162-2c6h8anKnCelbsafnodr ,teolreptrhaonnsme itsrasinosn of48 channels overmicrowave. LtionMs auslwtieplllaesxlonofgfedrisstsahnocret-,hhaeualvtyracnrsomssissseiocntiownitfhacnilaitrireoswancdrossso sceacn 101 wtraanvsem. Ditespirgongerdamfo,rdcaotma,pmateibssilaigtye, oLr. Mvidueltoipvleiax ccaonaxjioailncwabitlhe oorrrmepilcarcoe- L carrier, an earlier system. Mwavicelrenogwthsaavreesuisffaicgieenntelyrischtoerrtmtoahpapvlieedsotmoeraodfitohefrceqhaureancctieersiswtichsosoef leingehrtg. yMcaicnrobwe aevaesilytrafnoscmusissesdioinntoisagliegnhetr-alilklye blienaem-o.fA-smigohnt;g mthiecrnoewwaevset fmoilclorowwinagveexeaqmupiplems.ents \VE manufactures for the Bell System are the TtemD-o2ffeMredibcyrWoewstaemveElewcatrsicth.Me afinrustfatcratunrsecownatsininenittiaaltemdiactrMowearrviemsaycsk VTDal-l2eyisine1s9p5e0ciaanlldy tshueitperdodfourcthiesanvoyw-ropurtoed,umceudltia-tchKaannnseals cCoimtymWuonrickas. etiaocnhs paanidr ocafnsixcatwrryo-awtalyeaEstF6c0h0anvnoeiclse. circuits or two video circuits for TwiHth tMranisccronotiwneanvtael r,anWgee,stiesrdnesEilgencetrdict'os csaecnoynudphteoav1y8-6r0ouctiercusyitssteomn each two-way broadband RF channel. Using the 6 KMC common carrier finregquaenndcytwboan"sdp,atrheiss."syWstietmh iptsro1v0idmesegeaigchytclseucbhascehbaannnde,lsT--Hsicxanwoalrsko tVraanllsemy iitnihtiiagthe-ddemfiannituiofanct"uthreeaintre1"95(9c.losed circuit) video. Merrimack TinLth-1e M11iKcMroCwcoamvmeonAcashrroiertr-hfareuql usyesntceym,bTaLnd-1tmoicprroowviadvee olopwer-caotesst m"paacckkaVgaeldle"ytriannistimatiesdsiomnafnaucfilaictiteusrefoirnd1is9t6a1ncaensduapvtiode3o00vemrislieosn. MofeTrrLi microwave was introduced in 1963. At least 240 circuits per channel can sbteatdioenrivtoedanaotth10erh).ops and up to 600 at five hops (from one repeater KTMJ CMcoicmrmoown caavrreier bLainkde TanLd-1p, rTovJidMesicrpoowinatv-eto-oppoeirnattetsraninsmthisesio1n1 cfahcainlintieelss aforer doifsfetarnedcefsorupdivtoer3si0t0y mapiplelsic. aTtihorneseatnwdo-swixafyorbnrooand-dbiavnedrsiRtyF. Uatsi1n0ghLopMs aunltdipulepx,toat6l0e0asatt 2s4h0orcteirrcuhiotpssp. eTrJRisFaclshoansnueitlabalree faovraivliadbeloe transmissions. Manufacture began at Merrimack Valley in 1958. TatLes-i2n Mtheic11rGoCwcaovmemonLcikaerrTieLr-f1r,etqhueenTcLy-2bamnidc.roSwiganviefiscyansttefmeaotupreers iEndtruocdauticoendalinTtehleisvissyiostnem(EmTaYk)e tirtaensspmecisisailolny.sIutitiasbolneefoorf mthueltni-ecwheasntnoelf 102 > WMaEnumfiaccrtouwreavoef sTyLs-te2mmsictorobweavdeevwelaospienditifaotredthaetBMelelrrSiymsatecmk Vneatlwleoyrkin, 1963. THE SERVICE DIVISION 'S SUPPORT and HapopwaeravteurshWighesttheernqEualelicttyr,ichopwroevviedresfinfoerthBeedlleSsiygsnte, mthecoemqumipumniecnat tniaotniosns-ewrviidceesteisleopfhnooneusneeutwntoilrkp.uMt inotroeoavcetru,awl ohpeenratthioennaeseda pfoarrtaofntehwe ccoenmtpraalnoiefsfi,coerotrhme iccoromwpaavneyrdoeuctiedeissetshtaatbalidsdhietdiobnyaloenqeuoipfmtheenot pmeurasttinbge iandgdeadstuobsetxainsttiinagl sfuamci.litOiebsvtiooumsleye,tthdiesminanvdes,timt ecnotmcmanitnsoittssetlafrttoesaprnenindg aBerleltTurenlepuhnotinlethceomepqaunipiems eanrte pnuartcuhraaslleydinisteirnesatecdtuianl goeptetriantgionne.wThoer additWioensatlefranciElilteiecstriocn haapsadyeinvgotbeadsicsoanssisdoeornabalsepaotstseinbtlieo.n to this en dinevaevnotro.rMy aajnodr irnenpoaviratfiuonncstiinonrsecceanrrtieydeaorsnhaatvWe bEeeDniustnrdibeurttainkgenHionutshees to juVstatrhiiosuesnmd.echanizations and new procedures have enabled Dis tinrigbutotinaglHarogueseesxtteonsthtihpemnoesctesosridtyersfowr ittehlienph24onheoucrosm, tphaenryebsytoerelirmooinmast. Ttiohne ibnrtoruogduhcttiinocnreoafseDdAsTpAe-PedHOinNhEasnedrlviincge obrydethrseaDnidstvriibrtuutaiol neliomrginanatiizoan uosfeerroofrsDiAn their proce TA-PHONE ssseinrvgicine t hoonsea nHooursgeasnwizhaetiroeni-twwida s e trbieasdi,s a nsedetmhse probable. provRedeppaeirrffournmcatniocnes. hTahvee aaplspolibceaetinonreovfiemweadssinprtohdeudcrtiiovne ttoewchanrdiquimes tihnethteelerpechoonndeictioomnipnagnoiefsrbeoptahirteidmsetaatniodnmeoqnueiyp.mNeenwt, fmoertehxoadms phlaev,esaavlseos abseetnhede"RviesdedBianllthTeesrtepSaeitrRoefptaeisr"t smetask.eAs nitepxopsesdibitleedtoprroegpraaimr, rkencoawllin- btwraotedaaynsd areftteurrnthteoirthreecteelieppthboynethceomDpiasntriiebsuutipngtoH2o0u0sete.st sets within tion Ipneoapnleefhfoarvteofalssiomsiloaurgihnttewnta,ytsheofWreEduSceirnvgicientDerivviaslisona'sllointesdtalfloar dthuereisn,sftaolrlaintisotnanacned, ututirlnizoivnegrsoefleecqtiuviepmteestnitn.gAtercehvnisiiqouneosfatnedstaindgifpfreorecnet pstraorgtroefssaiojnobotfotietsststurbnroovuegrh. tFaubrtohuetr atesrteidnugcitmiopnroivneminetenrtvsablyfWromestethrne 103 Eeqleuciptrmicehnatvienteoncseoruvriacgeeidmtmheedteialeteplhyounpeocnomtuprannoiveesrtowpituhtocuetntthrealcoofsfitclye dineclaluydfeosrmtheerl"yparecqkaugireedd"fNoro.th5ecirrooswsbnatreostfifnicge.procedures. This concept Turnkey Operations A further illustration of this effort to cimipparlolyveonsemrviiccreowisavtheeindsetavlelalotipomnse.nt of the "Turnkey" idea used prin ElectOrinccaessaunmoepsetrhaetinjogbcuonmtiplatnhyatefliegcutsrattoivuespeotihnitswahpepnrotahcehB, WelleTsteelren padhdointieoncotmo pnaonrymraelpSreersveincteatDiviveistuiornnsfutnhcetikoenys,aWndesttaekrensEploescsteriscsioisn.alIsno faecnccoeusn, tearbelcetifoonr opfromciucrrionwgavsuecthowiteerms,spaosrtacbolnestbruuciltdioinngsofanrodafdosr aunnd odperetraaktiinngg cfoinmapl asnyystmemayleinleec-ut pto, pteesrtfionrgmaanndy ionfsptheecstieonfu,naclttihoonusgithsealfn. 104 \ Afterword: The Future t endePavlaonrnsiinngceinthteerBmesll oSfysltoenmg-wtearsmfidrsetvceolnocpemiveendt.hIatsrebmeeaninsascootnosdtaayn.t QuiteDsuirminpglyt,hienn'2o0vsadtiioanl isswaitnchaisnpgecwtaosfitnhteroidnudcuesdtr.yI.n the '30s carrier teevleerpyhdoanyy choenlpveendietrnacnes.foDrmirelcotngDidsitsatnacneceDsiearlvinicge fwroams laaulunxchueryd inintothane 'c4o0ns.ceInpttsh. eD'5u0rsinthgetthrean's6i0sstoerloecpternoendicvsapsrtonveiwdefsietlhdse omf ecaonmsmfuonricfuatritohnesr innovAastitohnesBinellswSyitsctehminghaasngdrotrwannsimnissesirovnicee,qsuoi,ptmooe,nht.as the number of shuabvsecaribteelrespghroonweni.nTtohdeairyh, oamboeus.t Bthyre1e9-7q5uaitrtiesressotifmaallteAdmtheraitcaasnmfaamniylieass s9e5rvoiucte.of every 100 households in die United States will have telephone muniIctastieoenmssvmiaossattleilkleitley,wtoilol ,btehcaotmine teevrceoryndtianyenretaallitteielesvbiseifoonreantodo cloomng acretiamsee ghraesatplyasisnedt.heWchoimleinvgoiyceeacrso,mimt iusnaiclsaotioannsticwipilalteudndtohuabt tmedalcyhiinne "totalekx"ce--edtravnosimceiscsoiomnmoufndicaattaiobnsetiwneveonlupmroec. essing centers --will come SeveNraelwaretyupnedseor ftritaellenpohwon; eosthwerisllexailsstoasaprpoeuagrh ipnrotthoetypyeeadressiaghnesada.t Bell SLoamboeraotfotrhiees;nestwillteoltehpehrsoneexsisut nodnleyr adsessipgencuwlailtliobneotfesetveednatunadl,itibees. cfoauunsed owfotrhthe rwehsuillets, joofintihnegirthtreiaalr,radyiscoafrdBeedll; Soytshteerms winislltrbuemetensttse.dHaenrde aorfistheseafuptouirnet. of major importance to all who try to evaluate the promise 105 of alTl ihtse cpormogproesnsenotfmtheemBbeerlsl,Siynsctleumdi--ngaWndetshteerncoEnlteicnturiincg--wueltlilmbaetienlgy depends not just on technical prowess alone but on our ability to apply this p"Troowdeasys, wtoemcaeannms eoeftsaantiysfnyuinmgbtehreoBf eclulsStoymsteemr nseuebdssctrhibaetrws.e could nadodt rseastsisbfyefaorfeewtheye1a9rs62agGoe,"neArTal&ATsCsehmabirlmy aonf Fth.eRT. eKleapphpoenl esaPidioinneearns coefrAtaminelyricbae. a"Ablnedtoinsatthiesfyfahstunmdorevdinsgmfourteu.re," he continued, "we shall incre"aBseu,t othnies sthitiunagtioisnccearltlasinfo; rmsoorbeerisreeflxepceticotne.dWofheynouy.oWurecaapreaccitoiens hstoasntatlgyesetnolaprgerinfogrmoaunrcep,uibfliycoucopmlemasietm--eanntsd twoepcearnfodrempe--ngdivoinngit ntheawt the public will require us to redeem every one. techn"iFcuarlthmearrmveolrse,altohnee.pNubolricd'so etxhpeemctaatrivoenlss swtailyl mnoatrvbeeloussatifsofrieldonbgy. Tcahnenyotarbee stoakonentafkoerngrfaonrtegdrannotewd.orItatisanoynlytimoeu.rIhmumeaann tahbeilaitbieilsitythtaot uusnedethrsetatnodoilnsgatofoeuarcdhiscpuosstoaml weri'tshngeoeodsd ajunddgwmieshnetsa.n.d. with thorough creat"eWweitmhiunstoukrnsoewlveosunrewwaydiamreonusnidonasmoofnkgnoowurlendegwe taoboolsu.tWwheamt wuset hfearveenttoseorfvfiecre.sWanedmcuosmt bbienamtioornesaonfdsmerovriceeismcaagninpartoivveidaestthoehboewstdrief sultsTfhour seafcohr tchuestpoemoeprleinofevthereyBreelslpSeycstt"em, the promise of the future ecfaflolsrt.foArnda icnlothseisr ecfofonrctetnotriantciorenasoefthteeavmawluoerko,f saergvriceea,teWr ecsotoerpnerEatlievce tric will by necessity of function assume a major responsibility. 106 Appendix UNITED SITNATTHEES DISTRICT COURT F ob the D istrict of New Jersey. United States of America, \ o. Plaintiff, f| W estern Electric Company, Incor- > Civil Action No. 17-49. PaOnRdATTEeDle, AgNrDapAhMCERoImCpAaNnTyE, LEPHONE l] Defendants. / n. P IN A L JU D G M E N T JanuaPrlyain1t4i,ff,19U49n;ittehde SdteafteensdaonftsAhmaevrinicga,aphpaevainregd failnedd fiiltesd ctohmeiprlaainnstwehrerteoinsuocnh complaint denying the substantive allegations thereof; and the parties, by their attorneys, having severally consented to the entry of this Final Judgment without Jtruiadlgmorenatdcjuodnisctaittuiotinngofanaynyeviisdsuenesceoforfaacdtmoisrsiloanwbhyeraeniyn paanrdtywiinthroeustpetchtisofFiannayl such Nissouwe,s;therefore, before any testimony has been taken herein, and without trial ohreraedtjou,diticiasthioenreobfyany issue of fact or law herein, and upon the consent of all parties Ordered, adjudged and decreed asI.follows; heretTo.hTishCe ocoumrtphlaaisntjusrtaistdeiscatiocnlaiomf tuhpeonsuwbhjeiccht mrealitetefrmhaeyrbeiengarnandteodf aagllaitnhset epaacrhtieosf the defendants under Sections 1, 2 and 3 of the Act of Congress of July 2, 1890, entitled "An act to protect trade and commerce against unlawful restraints and monopolies," commonly known as the Sherman Act, as amended. F(ao)r f"tWe pesutreprons"esshoafltlhmiseFaninathl eJuddegfmenednat:nt Western Electric Company, Incor porated. Comp(abn)y."A T & T 'sh a ll mean the defendant American Telephone and Telegraph (c) "Bell Operating Companies" shall mean the 22 corporations listed in eAnpgpaegneddixinAfautrtancishheidngtoctohmismFoinndcaJrurdiegrmceonmt,maunnyioctahtieornssubsesridviiacersiesanodf tthheedreefsepnedcatnivtes subsidiaries of and successors to each of the foregoing. subsid(dia)rie"sCaonmdptahneieBselolfOtpheeraBtienlgl CSyosmtepman"iessh. all mean A T & T , Western, their (e) "Westrex" shall mean Westrex Corporation, a Delaware corporation. to for(efig)n"pPaatteennttss"insSheaclltimoneaXn(UEn)i(t3ed). States letters patent except for the reference (g ) "Bell System patents" shall mean patents owned or controlled by either ocofutrhseedoefftehnediarnetms polroaynmyeonft tbhyeiermspublosyideieasroiefsd, eafnedndpaantetns tasnodnthinevirensutibosnids imaraiedse {inoththeer twhiathn ethmepplolayienetsifof)f seumbpsildoiyaerdiestoexdcolurseisveealrychen, gdaegveedlopinmtehnet poerrfootrhmeranincveeonfticvoenwtroarckts, subject to any releases of rights to such employees prior to the date of this Final Judgment, and shall include patents of others under which and to the extent to which 107 I in. either of the defendants or any of their subsidiaries may have the right to grant licens(ehs.) "Equipment" shall mean apparatus, systems, materials, supplies, machines, tools (ain)d "aCnyomotmheornprcoardruicetr. communications services" shall mean communications services and facilities, other than message telegram service, the charges for which are subject to public regulation under the Communications Act of 1934, or any amend- * fmaceinlittythwereeroeff,uorrnwishoeudldinhientseurbsjteactte tcoomsumcherrceeg;ualnadtioshnatlhl earlseounindcelrudifesauncyhcaomsemrvuicneicoar- toiornbsesceormviecesuorbjfeacctiltitoyr, eogthuelarttiohnanumndeesrsaegxeistteilneggroarmfusteurrveiclea,wthseocfhaanrygesstafoter,wtehrircihtoarrye, or the District of Columbia, but only in the jurisdiction or jurisdictions in which the charges for such service or facility are subject to regulation. {J) "Associated companies" shall mean, as to defendants, the Companies of the Bell System, and as to any applicant, its subsidiaries. (k ) "Person" means any individual, partnership, corporation, association, firm, truste(el)or"oMtheesrslaeggealteelnetgitrya.m service" shall mean the electrical transmission by a common carrier of a message presented to it at one of its public offices in written t form or, if presented orally, reduced to written form by the carrier and delivered by the carrier to the addressee in written form or, if orally, by a reading of the written messa(mge)by"Bth-e2 caagrrreieerm. ents" shall mean the license agreements dated July 1,1932, j made by either or both of the defendants with General Electric Company, Radio Corporation of America, and Westinghouse Electric Corporation, or any of them, and all agreements supplementary thereto, and "other parties to the B-2 agreements" shall mean said companies, their subsidiaries, successors and assigns. The provisions of this Final Judgment, applicable to a defendant, shall be bind uinpgonuptohnosseaidpedresfoennsdainnt,acittsivoefficcoenrsc,eargteonrts,psaerrtvicainptast,ioemn pwloityheessa, iadnddeaftetonrdnaenyts,wanhdo receive actual notice of this Final Judgment by personal service or otherwise. * IV. (A ) The defendants are each enjoined and restrained from commencing, and after three (3 ) years from the date of this Final Judgment from continuing, directly osorldinodrirleecatslye,dtoorminatneunfdaecdtutroe bfoerssoaldleoorrlleeaasseedatnoyCeoqmuippamneienstowf hthicehBiselol fSaysttyepme, nfoort use in furnishing common carrier communications services, except equipment used ionr tinhteenmdaendutfoacbtuerseolodroinrslteaalsleadti;opnroofviedqeudi,phmoewnetvwerh,icthhaitstohfisaSteycptieonsoshsoalldl noortlaeapspeldy to the artificial larynx, by-products of reclamation of scrap, or equipment manufac otufrceodnftorarctthsewpiltahinptliaffi,notirfffoorr psluabin-ctioffn*tsrapcrtismteheorresuunbd-ecro.ntractors for the performance ( B ) After three (3 ) years from the date of this Final Judgment, the defendant ' Wbuessinteersns insoetnojofinaedchaanrdacrteesrtroarinteydpferoemngeanggeadgiinng,beyithWeresdtierrenctolyroirtsinsduibrseicdtilayr, iiensafnoyr Companies of the Bell System, other than (1 ) businesses in which defendant A T & T may engage under Section V hereof, ( 2 ) businesses in which Western is trheqeupilraeidnttifof eonrgaangyeaugnednecry tthhiesrFeoinf.al Judgment, and (3) any business engaged in for be ma(Cde) oNthoerswalieseofthaannyastubasfiadiirarpyriocreaasnsedtsonmraedaesonnecaebslseatreyambys tnhoirs sSheacltlioitnbIeVmnaeedde eaxnceexpttentosioanpoerfstohne atpimpreoevsetdabblyishthedis bCyotuhrits DSeecfetinodnaInVts, umpaoynanpoptliycetotothtihseCpolauirnttfifofr, and such extension may be granted upon a showing of good cause therefor. 108 > I The defendant A T &T Is enjoined anVd. restrained from engaging, either directly, or indirectly through its subsidiaries other than Western and Western's subsidiaries, in any business other than the furnishing of common carrier communications serv ices; provided, however, that this Section V shall not apply to (a) furnishing services or facilities for the plaintiff or any agency thereof, (b ) experiments for the purpose k of testing or developing new common carrier communications services, (c ) furnish ing circuits to other communications common carriers, (d ) for a period of five (5 ) years from the date of this Final Judgment, leasing and maintaining facilities for private communications systems, the charges for which are not subject to public regulation, to persons who are lessees from defendants or their subsidiaries of saudcvherstyissitnemg,s(ffo)rtya-dfviviece( 4o5r )asdsaisytsaanfcteertothoethdeartecoofmthmisuFniicnaatlioJnusdgcmomenmt,on(ec)adrririeercst,oroyr ( g) businesses or services incidental to the furnishing by A T & T or such subsidi aries of common carrier communicationsVsLervices. The defendants are each enjoined and restrained from making or performing, directly or indirectly, any contract or agreement with any person whereby either I defendant or its subsidiaries will have any right in any territory to act as distributor of any equipment manufactured or sold by such person, or whereby such person will have any exclusive right in any territory to act as distributor of any equipment i manufactured or sold by either defendant or its subsidiaries; provided, however, that this Section shall not prevent the defendants or their subsidiaries from buying any equipment for sale or lease to, or supplying any equipment to, the defendants' associated companies or the plaintiff, or prevent Westrex and its subsidiaries from ashctailnlgthaiss dSiesctrtiiobnutobre tdoeesomuendd troecporredvienngt stthuedidosispoorsoituiotsnidien tahneyUcnhiatnednelSstaotfest,randoer oorf taontyheeqpulaipinmtiefnf.t originally acquired for sale to defendants' associated companies VII. The defendants are each enjoined and restrained from making, performing 1 or enforcing, directly or indirectly, any contract or agreement with any independent telephone operating company under which such company is required to buy any , equipment from them (but this shall not apply to any specific purchase order or to any specific contract for the purchase of operating plant), or with any purchaser toof alinmyite,qfuixipomrecnotntrol the prices to be charged vm. by such purchaser on the resale indirTechtley,deafneyndpaenrstsonareengeaacghedeninjotinheedmaanndufraecstturarein, eddisftrroibmutaiocnquoirrinsag,ledoirfecetqlyuiopr ment useful in furnishing common carrier communications services, either by acquisition of securities thereof or by acquisition of its assets. Nothing in this Section VIII shall be construed to prohibit: of its(sau)bsaidcqiauriiseist;ion by either defendant of all or part of the securities or assets 1 of ass(ebts) offoerimthaetrioonr ooff ostuhbesridsuiabrsiiedsiabryieseoitfheeirthdere;fendant and the transfer thereto acqui(rce)thaeppseliccuartiitoinestoortahsissetCsooufrta, pueprosnonneontigcaegteod tihnesupclahinmtiaffn, uffoarctpuerrem, disissitornibuto tion or sale, which may be granted upon a showing that the effect of such acquisition will not be substantially to lessen competition or to tend to create a monopoly. IX. confoWrmestweritnh issucohrdaercecdouanntidngdiprreicntceidpletos amsaminatayinbecogsetnaecrcaolluynaticncgepmteedthaondds tthhaatt afford a valid basis, taking into account the magnitude and complexity of the * 109 I manufacturing operations involved, for determining the cost to Western of equip ment sold to A T & T and Bell Operating Companies for use by them in furnishing common carrier communications services. (A) The defendants are each ordeXr.ed and directed to grant or cause to he granted, to any applicant who shall make written application therefor at any time or from time to time, non-exclusive licenses under all claims of any, some or all existing and future Bell System patents to make, have made, use, lease and sell any or all equipment as desired by the applicant, such licenses (1) to be royalty- free, to persons other than the other parties to the B-2 agreements, under aQ Bell System patents (other than patents of Teletypesetter Corporation) issued prior to the date of this Final Judgment, under which licenses or sublicensing rights were exchanged between the defendants and such other parties to the B-2 agreements, t(h2e) afotorebsaeidatpraetaesnotns,abelxecerpoyt atlhtiaets stuocthhelicoethnesrespsahratilelsbteo rthoyeaBlt-y2-faregereteomaenntys suuncdher ootrheeirthpearrotyf dthuermin,goaf ntyhepsecroiopde faonrdwchhiacrhacltiecrenwsehsicghrathneteddebfeynditantotstmheayderefeqnudiraentist to grant to them pursuant to this Section X (A ), shall be royalty-free under all patents issued prior to the date of this Final Judgment under which, and to the extent to which, such other party or its associated companies may have the right ' to grant licenses, and (3) to be at reasonable royalties to all persons under all oshthaellr gerxainsttintog adnedfenfudtaunrtesBaetllreSayssotenmabpleatreonytasl;tibeus tliucpenonsescotnodmitiaokne,thhaatvtehme aapdpel,icuasnet, lease and sell such equipment useful in furnishing common carrier communications services and such machines, tools and materials useful in manufacturing or operating any such equipment, as defendants may then designate in writing, under afi claims of any or all existing and future patents under which, and to the extent to which, the applicant or its associated companies may have the right to grant licenses. Except with the consent of the grantor of any license hereunder, no such license shall be under patents on inventions made more than five (5 ) years after the effective date of the license, but the applicant may make successive applications for licenses. Each grant of a license hereunder shall be for the unexpired terms of I the patents under which such license is granted, or for such lesser period as the grantee shall elect, and shall include the right to sublicense the grantee's associated companies for so long as they remain associated companies. The provisions of this subsection (A ) requiring the defendants to grant royalty-free licenses under certain patents shall not be deemed to constitute a finding, determination or admission that such patents are without value or that the mdeefnetndoafnatnsyarseunchotpeantetintltebdytoanfuylludnalimceangseesdapnedrsaonn.injunction in the case of infringe (B ) Upon receipt of a written request for a license under the provisions of athpipsliScaecnttioinn,wtrhiteindgeofefntdhaenrtoytaoltyw,hiof mappsluiccahblree,qwuehsitchisitaddedermessserdeassohnaallblaedtvhiesreeftohre, and also of such licenses as defendants may specify under subsection (A ) above. , Iofrtahneypaorthtieers aterremusn,atbhlee taopapglirceaenwt iotrhisnunchinedteyfe(n9d0a)ntdamyas yupaopnplryeatsoonthaibsleCroouyratltfioers ' the determination of reasonable royalties and other terms, and the defendants shall, uprpoomn pftillyinggivoer nroectiecieptthoefrenooftitcoe thofe tphlaeinftiilfinf.gInofasnuychsuachppplircoacteioendintog tthheis bCuorduretn, of proof shall be on the defendant to establish the reasonableness of royalties or other rteorymalstierseqouresottehderbtyerimt,s arnedquoenstetdhebyaptphleicaanptpltiocaensttaPbelinshdintghefinreaalsodnetaebrlmeninesastioonf of the foregoing, the applicant or said defendant may apply to this Court to fix interim royalty rates and other interim terms and conditions. If this Court fixes such interim rates, terms and conditions, such defendant shall then tender and the 110 aapccpolircdaanntcme wayiththseuncahcicnetpertiamndaegtreeremmineanttiounn,dperrowvihdiicnhg lfiocrenthsees psehrailoldbice pgaryamnteendt, oinf royalties, if applicable, at such interim rates for any manufacture, use, or sale under ttoheppaayteinnttseriinmvorlovyedal.tiIefsthine aacpcpolricdaanntcfeaitlhsetroewacitchepstucsuhcahcltiicoennssehaalgl rbeeemgernout nodrsfafiolrs the dismissal of his application. licens(eCg)raTnhteed dbeyfetnhdemantasnyarreesetarcichtioennjoorinceodndaintidonrewsthraatisnoeedvefrrolmim iitnicnlgudthinegexinercainsye of the rights granted thereby except that the license may be personal and nonatrpapnlsifcearbalbel,ewahnidchmsahyalbl ebeconnodni-tdioisncerdimoinnat(oIry) pasaybmetewneteonf laicerneasesoesnawbhleosreoyliacletyn,seisf are granted subsequent to the date of this Final Judgment, other than defendants* associated companies, but the royalty provisions of agreements under which licenses are exchanged and royalties are adjusted or eliminated to reflect a bona fide estimate of the values of such licenses shall not he deemed to discriminate between licensees, nor shall the bona fide compromise of claims for accrued royalty be deemed to be discriminatory, (2) subjection, to any grant of licenses and rights by applicant to the defendants, of patents of any company of which applicant is a subsidiary and subsidiaries of any such company and of patents on inventions made in the course of their employment, after the effective date of the license agreement, by employees odfevaenlyopsmucehntcoomr optahneyr, ianpvpenlitciavnetwoorrakn, yanodf i(ts3 )susbuscidhiaortiheesretmerpmlosyaesd tthoisdCooruersteasrhcahl,l aapppprliocvaentusphoanll saoppreliqcuateisotn, abnyy atghreeedmefeenntdiannwtshaicnhdlinceontiscees taoretehxechpalanignetdiffb. eItfwethene aapppplliiccaabnlte,arnadthdereftehnadnanptrsovsihdainllg ffioxr athreeaasdojunsatbmleenrtooyraletlyimfoinrateiaocnhoflircoeynaslet,iews.here (D ) Each license agreement executed pursuant to this Section X shall contain, if the licensor so requests, reasonable provisions requiring the licensee to keep records, submit royalty statements and give appropriate license notices, and for pauerdiiotodricorinasnpyecptieornsoonf atchceepbtaoobkles taontdherelcicoerndsseeo.f the licensee by an independent (E ) Each license agreement executed pursuant to this Section X shall provide; (1) That the licensee upon giving written notice to the licensor may cancel any such license for any specified equipment, but subject to paying accrued royalties. (2 ) If any licensee requests, that such licensee may at any time surrender its license under any specified patent or patents identified by number by written notice to the licensor, but subject to paying accrued royalties. If any licensee rreoqyualetsytsr,atthese slhicaelnl sbee argerneeegmoetinattesdhaifll raelqsuoepstreodvibdye tthheatliucepnosneesuinchwsruitrirnegn,dearndthief there is a material difference between the reasonable value of the licenses granted to such licensee, including the patents affected by such surrender, and the reason babyleanvaalumeooufntsurcehprleicseenntsiensgwsiuthchoudtifsfuecrhenpcaet.enInts,evtheennt osufcdhisraagterseesmhaenlltbwehreetdhuecreda rthedeumctainonnesrhasellt bfoerathlloiwn esdubosretchtieonam(Bou)ntofthtehriesoSf,ecthtieonmXat.ter may be determined in (3 ) If any licensee requests, a royalty-free grant of immunity under all foreign puaseteanbtsrooawdnoefd eoqruciopnmtreonltlemdabnyuftahcetulirceednsuonrdoerrittshesulbicseidnisaerigersarnetleadtinpgurtsoutahnet tsoalethoirs Section X. (F ) Each licensee of either defendant under a license agreement in effect at athsseocdiaatteedocfomthpisanFieinsaulnJduerdgsmucehntagmreaeymceanntcbeyl wanriyttelincennosteiscegtroanthteedlictoenistorawndhiciths tsohaalnl tyeermquinipamteetnhtenoobtlimgaatniounfatcotupraeyd,rosoyladlt,yleuansdeedrotrhpeulitceinntsoe uasgereuenmdeenrtswucithhlriceesnpesecst prior to such notice. Within sixty (60) days from the date of this Final Judgment, 111 ldiceefennsdeeasn.ts shall mail a copy of the provisions of this Section X to all such existing (G ) The defendants are each enjoined and restrained, except where this Court upon application by a defendant and notice to the plaintiff shall find good cause therefor, from directly or indirectly; (1 ) acquiring any license, grant of immunity or similar right under patents unless such license, grant of immunity or similar right shall be non-exclusive; of th(e2 )podwiseprostoinggroafnatnyorpactaeunstes, toor rhigehtgsrathnetreedunlidceern,sseos aasstoredqeupirrievde duenfdeenrdatnhtiss oSbecsetirovne XtheupnrleosvsisiitonbseofathcoisndSietciotinonofXswucithh driessppoescittioton tthheatpathteenttsraannsdferriegehtsshaslol acquired and shall file with this Court, prior to such disposition, an undertaking to this effect, provided, however, that this subsection (G ) (2 ) shall not be deemed to apply to (a ) any transfer of patents or rights thereunder to the plaintiff or any agency thereof, or (b ) a disclaimer, or a concession or other grant in interference proceedings; or (3 ) granting or receiving any right to grant sub-licenses under patents except to the grantee's associated companies for so long as they remain associated companies. XL to suWchespteerrsnonis aorldisetr,epdraepnadrdedireacsteodf,Juapnounarwyri1ttoenf trheequyeesatroifnawnyhipcehrstohne, troeqfuurenstisihs made, of unexpired patents owned by either defendant or its subsidiaries, identified with the classification of the United States Patent Office on the date of issue of such patents. X ll The defendants are each enjoined and restrained from acquiring, directly or indirectly, title to any patent owned or controlled by any person other than Com panies of the Bell System and employees thereof, except where this Court, upon application by either defendant and notice to the plaintiff, shall find that otherwise the defendant could not obtain rights under the patent or that the only terms upon which the defendant could obtain non-exclusive licenses under said patent aprreohuinbriteatshoenaabcqleu, ispirtioovnidoefd ptahtaetntnsotohninignvienntthioinssSmecatdioenbXyIIotshhearllpberesocnosnsptururseudatnot to any research or development contract with any Company of the Bell System. xm . defenTdhaentdWefeenstdearnnt aAnyTp&aymT einsteonfjopinateedntanrdoyraeltsytraininreedspfreocmt orfetcheeivminagnfurfoamctutrhee, lease or sale of equipment by Western to the Bell Operating Companies. XIV. at any(Ati)mTe haenddefrfoenmdatinmtse atoretiemaceh, toorfduerrneidshatnodadniyrepcetresdo,nudpoomn iwcirleitdteinn athpeplUicnaittioedn SFtiantaels Jaunddgnmoetnctounntrdoelrledanbyypfaotreenigtsn oinfteeirtehsetsr, olifcetnhseeddepfeunrdsuaanntst,toteSchecntiicoanl Xinfoofrmthais tteiornmrsehlaetrienignatfoteerquseipt mfoerntht.specified in such application, to the extent and upon the (B ) The technical information so to be furnished shall be information relating to equipment manufactured by Western for sale or lease to Bell Operating Com panies or A T & T for which the applicant is licensed pursuant to Section X of this Final Judgment, and shall consist, to the extent that the defendants shall have, and have the legal right to furnish, the same, of manufacturing drawings and speci fdircaatwioinngssofanthde smpaetceifriicaalstioannsd pcoavrtesricnogmtphreisinasgsesmucbhlye,quwiiprminegnta,nadndamccaenputafanccteurtiensgt requirements of such equipment. (C ) The defendants are each enjoined and restrained from including in any agreement, underwhich technical information furnished pursuant to is this Final Judgment, any restriction or condition whatsoever limiting the exercise of the rights thereby granted to use such information, except that the right to use such information may be personal and non-transferable and may be conditioned on (1 ) payment of a reasonable charge or charges which shall be non-discriminatory as between recipients of such information pursuant to application made hereunder, other than defendants' associated companies, (2 ) the furnishing by an applicant to Western, upon payment of a reasonable charge or charges therefor, of its own technical information of the character and scope of that furnished by Western, but otonlSyercetsiopnecXtinogf etqhiusipFmineanltJsufodrgwmhenicth, athneda(p3p)licsuancht hoatshelircernessterdicdtieofnesndanandtscopnudristuioannst as this Court shall approve upon application by either defendant and notice to the plaintiff. Defendants' obligation to furnish technical information in any case shall be subject to such restrictions as may be imposed at any time by any department or agenc(yDo)f tThheeprlaeianstoinffafbolre rcehaasorgnes oofrncahtaiorngeasl speecrumriittyte. d by subsection (C ) of this Section XIV shall be designed to reimburse the defendants or the applicant for the cifosatnoyf, goafththereindgevaenldoprmepernotduexcpinegnstehethinaftorismraetaiosonnfaubrlneisahnedd aisndprfoopretrhlyatapllroocpaobrlteiotno, the class of equipment with respect to which the information is being furnished. Tthhee caomstouonf tgbaythwerhiincgh asnudchrcehparrogdeucoirngchsaurcghesicnofollremctaetdiobnysdheaflel nbdeanctrsedshitaeldl etxocetehde development and related engineering expense accounts of Western. (E ) Each agreement under which technical information is furnished pursuant to this Final Judgment shall contain, if the party furnishing such information shall so request, reasonable provisions requiring the recipient of such information to keep records, submit statements respecting charges, keep such technical information confidential, and use such technical information only for manufacture pursuant to tFhineallicJeundsgemgernatn,taedndtoprtohveidrinecgipfoiernpt eorfiosduicchinisnpfeocrtmioantioonf tuhnedbeoroSkescatinodn rXecoorfdsthoisf such recipient by an independent auditor or any person acceptable to such recipient. (F ) A party shall not be deemed, in connection with the furnishing of technical information pursuant to this Final Judgment, to have given any warranty against infringement of patents of others, or any warranty of success in connection with the use of such information. (G ) In the event of disagreement as to the amount of the charge or charges fpoarythabilne suunbdseercttihoins S(Bec)tioonf SXeIcVti,onthXe mofatttheirs mFianyabl eJuddegtmeremntin. ed in the manner set (A ) The defendants are each enjoXinVe.d and restrained from making, perform minagn, uefnafcotrucrien,gsaoler oarddhiesrtrinibguttoionanoyf acnoynterqaucitpsmoernatgarreeedmivenidtseduwnditehr owthheircsh, pfrieolvdisdeodf that, subject to other provisions of this Final Judgment, an exchange of non-exclusive licenses and rights under patents, without more, between the defendants and others msheanllt.not be deemed to divide fields of manufacture, sale or distribution of equip enfor(cBin)g Tahney dteerfreandoarntpsroavriesioenacohf eannjoyinceodntraancdt roerstargarineeedmefnrotmthpaterf(o1r)ming or reixgchlut stiovesuaenfyolricinenfrsiensgoermoetnhteorfrtihghetpsautnendtesropfaatennottsh,eorrpa(2rt)y.grants to one party the restri(cCtio)n Tohrecodnedfeitniodnanotsn aarney elaiccehnseensjooirneodthaenrdrigrehsttsrauinndeder frpoamtenetns fgorracinntgedabnyy either of them, that (1 ) imposes maximum quantity or dollar limitations, or (2) restricts sales to designated customers (except where sales are limited to subsidiaries, under existing licenses, or to the plaintiff), or (3 ) restricts the price at which licensed 113 equipment m ay be sold. XVI. For the purpose of securing compliance with this Final Judgment, duly author* ized representatives of the Department of Justice shall, upon written request of the Attorney General, or the Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Antitrust Division, and on reasonable notice to the principal office of either defendant, be bpoeromksi,ttleeddg(e1rs), arcecaosounnatsb,lecoarcrceesspsondduerninceg, tmheemooffriacnedhaoaunrsd oofthsearidredcoefrednsdaanndt dtoocaull ments in the possession or under the control of said defendant relating to any matters contained in this Final Judgment and (2) subject to the reasonable convenience of said defendant and without restraint or interference from it, to interview officers or employees of said defendant, who may have counsel present, regarding such matters, and upon request said defendants shall submit such written reports as might from time to time be reasonably necessary to the enforcement of this Final Judgment. No Information obtained by die means provided in this Section XVI shall be divulged by any representative of the Department of Justice to any person other than a duly authorized representative of such Department, except in the course soefculerginagl cpormocpeleiadnincgeswiinthwthhiischFitnhael JUundigtemdenStt,aotresasisotaheprawritsye froerqutihreedpbuyrploaswe. of XVII. Jurisdiction is retained for the purpose of enabling any of the parties to this Final Judgment to apply to this Court at any time for such further orders and directions as may be necessary or appropriate for the construction or carrying out of this Final Judgment, or the modification or termination of any of the provi sions thereof or for the enforcement of compliance therewith or for die punishment dofeevmioleadtitoonshathveermeoafd. Ue paosnufafnicyiesnutcshhaopwpinlicgaotifoan cbhyatnhgeepilnaicnitricffu,mthsetapnlcaeisntwifafrsrhaanltlibneg aafptperr,opinriaatesumbsotdainfticiaaltinounmobfetrhoisf Fstiantaels,Joufdpgumbelnict rifegiut lashtiaolnl sohfocwhaerlgimesinfoartioconmhmeroen carrier communications services. Jurisdiction is further retained for the purpose of enabling the plaintiff to apply sttoanthciess,Cfoourrotradterasnuyntdimeret,hwisitFhionuatl tJhuedngmeceensts:ity of showing any change in circum (a) requiring sales, at non-discriminatory prices, of any telephone equipment manufactured by Western or its subsidiaries to independent telephone operating acnomd panies, or prohibiting or limiting sales of such equipment to such companies; that i(sbu)serdeqbuyiriAngTth&atTanoyr eaqnuyipBmelelnOt mpearnautifnagctCuroemdpbaynyWienstfeurrnniosrhiitnsgsuabcsoidmiamroiens carrier communications service, other than telephone equipment, shall be sold at non-discriminatory prices to any person lawfully engaged in furnishing such a bseyrvsuiccehinpecrosomnpientitfiuornniwshitihngthaenmy sourchinsfeurrvniciseh; ianngdmessage telegram service, for use (c) requiring that A T & T shall, and shall cause its subsidiaries to, continue taoblleeatseer,mtso, cciormcumitosnrecqaurririeerds beyngsaugcehdcianrrtiheresmfoerssuasgeeinteltehgeriarmbubsiunseinsse,ssto, otnhereeaxstoennt Dthaattedsu:chJacniuracruyits24sh, a1l9l 5b6e reasonably available without further construction. Tbosias F. Mbaney W e hereby consent to the making and eUntnriyteodf tShtaetfeosrDegiostinrigctFJinuadlgJeudgment: StanFloery tNhe. PBlaaihnntiefsf: Edward A. Foote 1 W. D. Kilgore, Jb. Raymond Del Tofo, Jr. Attorneys for Plaintiff t For the Defendants: d bPyroWnsavl,dHraorndMin.&WWaradr,d a member of the firm Attorneys for the Defendants For the defendant American Telephone and Telegraph Company Horace P. Moulton Its Vice President and General Counsel ^ For the defendant W estern Electric Company, Incorporated ^ W alter L. Brown Its Vice President and General Counsel APPENDIX A. Bell Telephone Company of Nevada Illinois Bell Telephone Company Indiana Bell Telephone Company | MNiecwhigEanngBlaenlldTTeelelepphhoonneeCaonmd pTaenleygraph Company . New Jersey Bell Telephone Company * NNeowrtYhowrekstTeerlnepBheollnTeeCleopmhpoanneyCompany Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Company STohuethBwelelsTteerlnepBheolnl Te eCleopmhpoanneyCoofmPepnannsyylvania TThhee CChheessaappeeaakkee aanndd PPoottoommaacc TTeelleepphhoonnee CCoommppaannyy of Maryland The Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company of Virginia TThhee CChinecsianpneaatki e&aSnudbPuorbtoamn aBceTlleTleeplehpohnoenCeoCmopmapnaynoyf West Virginia The Diamond State Telephone Company TThhee OMhoiuonBtaeilnl TStealetepshToneleepChoomnpeaannyd Telegraph Company The Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Company TWhiescSoonustihneTrneleNpehwonEenCgloamndpaTneylephone Company 115