Document dQ4Dp9ByQ8LNVG0GErvBrqmre

LifeCycleWasteStreamEstimates August2000 AttacheidsanexecutisvuemmaryofareporptreparebdyBattelMleemoriaIlnstitute entitle"dSulfonatedPerfluorochemicalsU:.S.ReleaseEstimate- 1997 Part1: LifeCycle Waste Stream Estimates"d,atedApril21,2000. The objectiveof thiswork was to characterizaend estimatethefluorochemicalcontentof potentiawlaste streamsfrom both 3M manufacturingand supplychainfacilitiaensd from productusage. Estimatesinthereportreflecctonservativew,orst caseassumptionsaboutthegeneration of wastesatsupplychainfacilitiaensd 3M manufacturinglocationsinseveralrespects. Firsto,peratorexperienceor engineeringjudgments oftenareused due to the unavailabiliotfyanalyticadlata.Second,thereportrelieosn 1997 salesfiguresto estimatecustomer and end userwaste streamvolumes. In theyearssubsequentto 1997, however,3M has implemented significanmtanufacturingprocessimprovements and has undertakenwaste minimizationmeasures aspartof 3M's productstewardshipprogram. Finallyand most importantly,PFOS and relatedcompounds aredescribedinthereport intermsof "PFOS equivalents"."PFOS equivalentsi"sdefinedas themass of PFOS moleculesthatwould be formed aftercompletedegradationofthefluorochemical products.PFOS equivalent(sr)epresentheweightof C8F 17SO2 presentin a product. The waste streamestimatesinthisreportarebased on theassumptionthateach sulfonatepderfluorochemicaplroductand residualbreaksdown completelyto PFOS in theyearinwhich itwas sold.This isa "worst-case"assumption.Infact,recentstudy resultshow thatthattherehas been no indicatiotnhatPFOS undergoesany degradation from hydrolysisp,hotolysiso,rbiodegradatiomnechanisms. Inallhydrolysisand photolysistudiesP,FOS has notbeen detectedas a degradationproductinany conclusiveexperiment.These preliminaryfindingscallintoquestiontheassumptionof expecteddegradationof otherfluorochemicaltsoPFOS. Relativetophotolysist,he currentdatasuggestsa hypothesisthatthesematerialswillphotolyzeto carboxylate structuresT.hese structurehsave much differenptropertietshensulfonatesinthattheyare much lessbioaccumulativeinecologicalspecies. FinalReport SulfonatedPerfluorochemicals: U.S.Release Estimation- 1997 Part1:Life-CycleWaste Stream Estimates FinalReport for 3M SpecialtyMaterials prepaedby BaftelleMemorial lnsfitute 505 King Ave. Columbus, Ohio 43201 Apdl2l,2000 FinaRleport ExecutiveSummary introductiaonndObjectives The 3M Company iscommittedtoa productstewardshpioplicythatencouragessafeand environmentallyresponsiblepracticesin the development,manufacture,distributionu,se and disposalof 3M products.The company hasrecentlyintroduceda corporateinitiative calledLife Cycle Management (LCN1) to assurean awareness of potentialimpacts at every stageof the lifecycle.One stepin LCM isto obtaingood informationon waste stream estimatesand ambient environmentalreleases. 3M has been producing sulfonyl-basedfluorochernical(sFCs) forover 40 yearsusing the Electro-ChemicalFluorination(ECF) process.The basicbuildingblock oftheseproducts and the highestproductionvolume FC manufacturedby 3M isperfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride(POSF). The chemical or enzymatic hydrolysisof POSF resultsin perfluorooctanesulfon(aPtFeOS). Based on currentinformationfrom 3K PFOS is believedto be theultimatedegradationproduct of the POSF molecule. It appearsthat destructioonf PFOS only occurs through high temperatureincineration.At thistime, studiesare underway to determinethe degradationby-productsof otherPOSF-derived fluorocarbons.Initiarlesultsindicatethatultimatedegradationratesare variable,with some fluoropolymeraspparentlystableforhundredsofyears. The Release EstimationTask isbased on 1997 salesdatafortheU.S. Product portfolio changes, manufacturing process improvements, and minimization of manufacturing wastes and releaseswilldramaticallychange the resultsof this1997 estimationin coming years. The Release EstimationTask has been subdividedinto two discretephases. The objectiveof phase one isto characterizpeotentiaFlC waste streams,while phase two is designedto estimatereleasesto the ambient environment. Both phases willconsiderthe fulllifecycle of FC products,including:manufacturingof compounds by 3K distributioannd conversionstages(supplychain)where the FCs are sold and/or incorporatedintoproducts,commercial and residentiaclonsumer use ofthe products,and waste disposalor recovery of used products.Phase one, lifecycle waste stream estimation,isaddressedinthisreport.The specificobjectivesofphase one are: tomake reliablestimatesof the most importantFC waste streamsthatmay resultin releasesleadingto human and ecologicalexposure, 0 to perform screeningforidentifyintghe most importantFCs based on pounds of PFOS-equivalents and FC solids, to providewaste stream estimatesthatwillserveasthe basisfor modeling of potential FC releasesfrom landfillasnd wastewatertreatmentplants(WWT?s), and to providewaste stream estimatesthatwillserveas the basisforfurtheranalysisof fate,transporta,nd exposure,includingmultimediafatemodeling usingthe fugacity principle. Bateiie April21,2000 Page ii FinaRleport Theresulftrsomphasoenecanbeusedfora varieotfypurposeisnothetraskisn3M's overalplrogram. Some examplesofthepotentiaulsesofwastestreamestimatesby other tasks.injcluddeet:ermining.l.ocatfiornesmpiricals-a. mpling,selectinhgighestprioritFyC productsformeasurements of physical-chemicaplropertiesa,nd selectintgreatment facilitiaensd associateFdC inputestimatesfor modeling of ambient envirorunental releases. The waste streamestimatesin thisreportare expectedto change as additional informatioinscollectedE.stimatesused in thisreportare based on conservative, worstcaseassumptionsaboutthe generationofwastesatsupplychainfacilitiaensd 3M manufacturinglocationsa,nd are oftenbased on operatorexperienceor engineerinegstimatersatherthan laboratortyests.As such,theestimatecsan result inwide rangesinwastestreamcalculations. Screening for Key FC Products Duringan initiarleviewof datasuppliedby 3M for72 FC productsin sixdifferent businessunits,a screeningprocesswas developedto narrow thislistto the products consideredkey fora waste streamevaluatiofnrom a total3M standpoinitntheU.S. The screerungprocessused 1997 salesdatafor.theU..S. to identify19 key productsthat contribut>e 1% oftotal3M FC solidsor > 1% of total3M PFOS-equivalents.The 19 chemicallydifferenptroductsselectedw,hich include21 productcodes,collectively representapproximatel8y7% of FC Solidsand 88% of PFOS-equivalentsforthetotal 1997 salesofFC compounds. The 21 screenedproductcodesareasfollows: BusinessUnit Aftermarket/Consumer Apparel Carpet Home Textiles Paper and Packaging Performance Chemicals Product Codes , (FC-129,FC-430 FC-228,FC-1861) (FC-3573/FC-3573N,FC-248,FC-461) (FC-364,FC-365,FC-398,FC-1367) (FC-247,FC-248,FX-1380,FC-280,FX-1801, FC-1861,FC461) (FC-807,FC-809,FC-807A, FC-845) (FC-129,FC-170C, FC-430,FC-138) The threeproductswiththe largestquantityof PFOS equivalentssoldin 1997 areFC807,FC-809, andFC-1367. Sincethescreeningprocessinvolvedidentificatioofnproductssoldin theU.S. during 1997 thatcontribut>e 1% oftotal3M FC solidsor> 1% oftotal3M PFOS-equivalents, Lightwatefm was notdeterminedtobe one ofthe 19 key products.Thus,theseproducts arenotbeing evaluatedaspartofthisprogram. 3M Manufacturing Wastes In a continuingeffortto characterizweastes from manufacturing,Decatur process engineershave providedestimatesofFC waste streamsforthe3M manufacturingfacility Baltelle 71@ ofl@.ti=. April21,2000 Page iii FinaRleport atDecaturA,labama.Engineericnaglculati3oMnsi,nformatisoynstemsa,ndair emissionmodels were used to identifaynd quantifycurrentwaste streams.3M manufacturinwgastesareprimarilayssociatewditha few key stepsintheearlystagesof Posp manufacturinagnd purificatiaond iheref6ie'anroetattributetdoany one product. Based on the informatiofnrom Decaturengineersi,t is likelythatthe Decatur manufacturinfgacilitiys a substantiaslourceof PFOS equivalentrseleasedto the environmentH.owever, ongoing engineeringactivitiaetsthe Decaturfacilithyave reducedFCs in watereffluenftrom the levelsfor 1997. Totalannualwastesin wastewaterand solidwaste from theDecaturfacilitbyeforetreatmentareapproximately 1,088,000pounds ofPFOS equivalentsb,uta littloeverhalfof thesewastesaredisposed of by high-temperatuirnecineratiorne,sultingin no releaseof sulfonated perfluorochemicalCso.mparisonoftheresultfsrom samplingdone inearlyand late1998 indicatetshatthequantityof PFOS dischargedto theriveraftertreatmenthas declined, due to upgradesin thewastewatertreatment.systeamnd administrativcehangesin offspecproductdischargeprocedures. Aftermarket/Consumer Products Four supply chain facilitieasccount for allof the 1997 salesof key Aftermarket/ Consumer products.The key FC productspurchasedby one or more of thesefour primary Aftermarket/Consumemranufacturersi,n decreasingquantityof PFOS equivalentsareFC- 1861,FC- 138/228,and FC- 129. The majorityofthePFOS equivalentisnwastewatergeneratedby thefourmanufacturers usingkey A:ftermarket/ConsumeproductsareassociatewdithMx Tank operation.The highestestimatedwaste generationvalueintowastewaterfrom thisprocessis6.2%, which isassociatewdithprocessstartupand shutdown. GenerationofFCs inwastesduringuse of spraycan productsby residenticaolnsumers dependson transfeerfficiencys,izeand shapeoftheobjectbeingcoated,and accuracyof theapplicatoIrt.isroughlyestimatedthattransfeerfficiencaycross'alslizesand shapes of applicatioins66%, which means that34% of productexpelledfrom the can is initiallloystaswaste totheairw,ith thepotentiaflordeposition. Spraycansused toapplytreatmentisnthehome areexpectedtoretaina smallfractioonf theproductmateriaaltthetime of disposal.Based on informatiofnornon-foodspray cansingeneralu,p to 12.5% oftheoriginaclontentsmay remaininspraycansatthetime ofdisposal.Bulk productcontainerfsorcommercialcareareexpectedto retain2.9% of produc@which iswastedduringcontainecrleaningand disposal.Itisestimatedthat34% ofthespraycan containerwsillbe recycledw,ithresiduaplroductmaterialinthecanlost to wastewater.Containersthatarenotrecycledaresenttolandfills. Carpetswith commercialcareFC treatmentussed by professionaclarpetsteam cleaners areexpectedto show similawrear patterntsocarpetwsithmillappliedtreatments.Thus, itisexpectedthat50% oftheFC treatmenwtillbe removed overthenine-yealrifeofthe carpetdue towalkingand vacuuming,whilean additiona4l5% of theFC treatmentwill be removed insteam cleaningthroughoutthecarpetlife. Balteiie 7%o Bupin.os ofInnov-t;m. April21,2000 Page iv FinaRleport Garmentstreatewdithhome-appliepdroductasreassumedtowearina similamrannerto textile_mialplpliedtreatments.Thus,73% ofthesetreatmentasreexpectedto wash off duringgarment clearungover a two-year lifespan. Any remaining FCs on coatedproductsat the end of theirusefullifeare assumed to be disposedof atthenationalaveragesforlandfildlisposal(83%) and incineratio(n17%). Apparel Products Seven supplychain manufacturerspurchasedthe greatestquantitieosf PFOS equivalents forApparel productsduring 1997. These customers account for 56%, 73% and 41% of 1997 productsalesof FC-3573, FC-248, and FC-461, respectively.The majorityof the PFOS equivalentssoldto these seven supply chain customers are associatedwith FC-. 248. The majorityof the PFOS equivalentsin wastewater generated by the seven manufacturersusing key Apparel products are associatedwith the processesProduct Distributioannd Application.The highestestimatedpercentlossintowastewaterfrom theseprocessesis9.3%, which is associatedwith applicatiotno leatherproducts. The majorityof the PFOS equivalentsin solidwaste trom the seven manufacturersusing key Apparel productsare associatedwith the process of cuttingand sewing garments,which involvesan estimatedlossto solidwaste of 10% forboth clothand leathergarments. Assuming thatconsumers own and regularlyuse FC-treatedclothapparelfor an average of two yearsand launderthe garment an average of every two weeks, 3M laboratorytests suggestthat73% of the initiatlreatmentwillbe wasted duringconsumer launderingover thetotallifespan of thegarment. Itisanticipatetdhatthevastmajorityof thiswaste isin wastewaterand not in dryerlint.Leather products,includingany remaining treatment, are disposedof afteruse. Based on nationalaveragesfor municipalwaste, 83% of appareland leatherproductswillbe sentto landfilalnd 17% willbe incinerated. Carpet Products Six supply chain customers purchased the greatestquantitiesof PFOS equivalentsfor Carpetproductsduring 1997 (> 70% of key Carpet productsales).The key FC products purchased by one or more of these manufacturers,in decreasingquantityof PFOS equivalentsare FC-1367, FC-365, and FC-364/FC-398. The majorityof PFOS equivalentsin wastes generatedby these manufacturersare in wastewater. The largest waste generationvalue forPFOS equivalentsin wastewater from these manufacturersis an estimated25%, which isfrom the carpetfiberdyeing process(FC-365 and FC-364) and co-applicatiotno finishedcarpet(FC-1367). However, lessthan or equalto 5% of FC-1367 isco-applied. The quantitieosf PFOS equivalentsremoved from carpetsmade in 1997 during use by the end consumer are largerover the totallifeof the carpetthan the quantitiewsasted duringthesupply chainmanufacturingprocessesin 1997. However, thewastes from end use customers during carpetcleaning,foottraffica,nd vacuuming are spread over the 12- Balteiie 7t@ Businvasofl@ati-. April21, 2000 Page v FinaRleport yearaveragleifoefa carpeatndtheresidenteinadlusecustomerasredistributed throughouttheU.S. approximatelayccordingto number of householdsin an area.The FC Carpetproductcontributintghemost PFOS equivalenttso waste duringthe end use stageisthe one soldin the largestvolume,which isFC-1367. Lossesof PFOS equivalentisnwastesfrom FC Carpetproductsduringtheenduse stageareaboutequally distributbeedtweenwastewater(47%) and solidwaste(53%). Home TextilesProducts Nineteensupplychaincustomerswere identifieads thelocationwsiththehighestsales receiptosfPFOS equivalentfsorHome Textilepsroductsduring1997. These customers accountforbetween 21% and 97% oftheprioritHyome Textileproducts,dependingon theproductexamined. The key FC productspurchasedby one or more of the 19 primaryHome Textiles manufacturersi,n decreasingquantityof PFO'S equivalentasreFC-247,FX-1801, FC824 and FC-138 (equalamounts),FC-248,FC-280,FC-461,and FC-1861. Loss of PFOS equivalentisntowastewaterfrom the manufacturermsaldng woven productsis estimatetdobe a maximum of 9.9% from Unused orNon-RecoveredBathMx following applicatioSnu.pply Chain facilitipersoducingnon-woven productseitherpad apply productoradd productdirectltyoan extrusiomnix. As was thecaseforwoven products, the highestestimatedwaste generationvaluefrom theseprocessesis9.9% associated with pad applicationL.oss of PFOS equivalentisnsolidwastefrom the manufacturers making woven productsis estimatedto be a maximum of 4.9% from one of four processes. Based on datafor productionof clothingi,tis estimatedthat10% of the PFOS equivalentussed in woven fabricsforupholster(yFC-247,FX-1380) arelostin solid wasteduringcuttinagnd sewing. Nonwoven medicalfabricasnd BEPA filterasretypicallsyingleuse productsthatare used fora verybriefperiodand thendisposedof,so themajority(>99.999%)of the PFOS equivalentwsillgo withthesolidwaste. Itisassumed thatused Home Textileproductsaredisposedof accordingto thenational averagesformunicipalsolidwaste sentto incinerato(r1s70/oa)nd landfill(s830/o). Paper and Packaging Products Six supplychain customerspurchased-thegreatestquantitieosf PFOS equivalentfsor Paper and Packagingproductsduring1997 (> 70% ofkey Paper and Packagingproduct sales)T.he key FC productspurchasedby one or more ofthesepapermanufacturersi,n decreasingquantityof PFOS equivalentasreFC-807, FC-809,FC-845, and FC-807A. PFOS equivalentisnwastesgeneratedby thesepapermanufacturersareprimarilyinthe form of wastewaterfrom themake down tank. Approximately1% of thetotalrun volume islostaswastewater. Wastes of FCs duringconvertingand end use of treatedpaperproductsarevery small.' During themaking of paperproducts,converterdsisposeof about3% of inputpaper Baltelle April21,2000 Page vi FinaRleport productsreatewdithFCs as soliwdaste.ExtremelsymallpercentagoefsPFOS equivalentasreexpectedto adhereto package contentsduringthe end use stage.Itis estimatedthata very smallamount ispotentialtlryansferrefdrom thepackage to the contents.Studiesareunderway toconfirmthesetransferrates. Based on the 1997 nationalaveragesfor solidwaste disposalof paperproducts,about 17% areincineratedF.Cs in paperproductssentto high-temperaturiencineratorasre completelydestroyed.Scotchbarfmtreatedend-productsarenotrecoveredforrecycling as partof solidwaste recyclingprograms. Thereforea,llproductsnotincinerateadre expectedtogo directltyo municipalwastelandfillsT.hismeans that83% oftheproduct materialremainingafterconsumeruse willbe senttoa landfilalssolidwaste. Performance Chemical Products Eightsupplychaincustomerspurchasedthegreatesqtuantitieosf PFOS equivalentfsor PerformanceChemical productsduring1997 and accountforallofthe 1997 salesof key PerformanceChemicalproductsT.he key FC productspurchasedby one or more ofthese eightmanufacturersi,n decreasingquantityof PFOS equivalentsa,reFC-129, FC-430, FX- 12,and FC- 170C. PerformanceChemicalproductsareused in'awide varietyof productsand industries. Based on surrogatweaste streamestimatescompiledfrom informationon otherproduct linesand availabledatasources,the highestestimatedwaste generationvalue from processesinsupplychainfacilitifeosrkey PerformanceChemicalproductsis7.7%. This waste is associatewdith wastewaterfrom the startupand shutdown of mixing and blendingoperations. Industrialnd consumer practicegsovern theuse of PerformanceChemical products. Varyingquantitieosf FCs arelostinwaste streamsduringapplicatioannd use. Uses includesurfactantfsorpaintsand coatingsa,dditivefsor cleanersand protectorsa,nd insecticideFsC.s aredisposedofwiththeproduc@ accordingtonation;alaverages. Althoughthequantitieosf FC solidsand PFOS-equivalentisn AFFF productssoldin 1997 arelessthanthe one percentused for screeningkey productsto evaluatein this document,themethod ofuse as firefightinfgoams involvespotentialldyirectreleaseto theenvironment.Thus,theseproductswillbe evaluatedaspartofa separat3eM task. Summary The fivekey FC productssold in the largestquantityin decliningorder of PFOS equivalentasreFC-807, FC-809, FC-136;7,FC-845, and FC-247. FC-807, FC-809, and FC-845 arepartof thePaper and PackagingBusinessUnit. FC-1367 ispartof the CarpetingBusinessUnit.FC-247 ispartoftheHome TextileBsusinessUnit. The two largesptercentwaste generationvaluesforPFOS equivalentfsrom processesat supplychainfacilitifeosr the 19 key productsevaluatedare associatewdith the CarpetingA,pparel,and Home TextileBsusinessUnits. The processeswith the largest percentwastegeneratiovnalueacrossallof the supplychainfacilitiheasndlingkey FC Baiteiie 7;oBu&inessofl@ April21,2000 Page vii FinalReport productisanestimat2e5d% durintghedyeingprocesfsorcarpeftibearndanestimated 25% duringco-application carpets.However, lessthanor equalto 5% of FC-1367 is co-applied.The processeswith the second largestpercentwaste generationvalue across allofthe supplychainfacilitiheasndlingkey FC productsisan estimated10% in solid waste duringthe Cuttingand Sewing processforgarments and upholsteryr,espectively, intheAppareland Home Textilesupplychainfacilities. The threebusinessunitswith the largestpercentwaste generationvalue for PFOS equivalentisnwastes from theEnd Use/DisposalStagesofthe lifecycleforthe 19 key productsinallsupply chainfacilitiaerseAftermarket/Consumer,Paper and Packaging, and Performance Chemicals.When thekey productsareevaluatedforeach of thesethree businessunitsas a whole, greaterthan 85% of the PFOS equivalentsin wastes are generatedduringthe End UselDisposalStagesCincludeswaste streamsfrom consumer end use and disposal). The inventorydataprovideestimatedquantitieosfPFOS equivalentisnair,wastewater, or solidwaste forsite-speciflioccationtshroughoutthe supplychainstageof the life cycle.PFOS equivalentwaste generationestimatesinwaste streamswere calculatedat 48 of the supplychainlocationhsandlingthe greatestquantitieosf the 19 key FC products. A summary ofthe lifecycle,waste streamestimatesbased on 1997 salesof 3M FCs in theU.S. isshown in thetablebelow. The waste streamestimatesarepresentedasPFOS equivalentsw,hich do not includeresidualtshatmay be intheproducts.The U.S. waste streamestimatesarebroken down by lifecyclestage(e.g.3,M manufacturing,supply chain facilitieesn,d use consumers,and disposala)nd form of waste (e.g.,air, wastewater,orsolidwaste).These estimatesarean indicatioonf levelofPFOS inwaste streams,butnothuman or ecologicaelxposurelevels. Although the waste streamestimatesin the followingsummary tablecan give an indicatioonf the potentiaflor environmentalreleasesm,ost of the wastewaterand solid waste indicatedin the tableare sent respectiveltyo, a wastewatertreatmentplant (WWTP) ora landfilalnd notdirectltyotheenvironment.One exceptionistheestimates forthe Decatur3M manufacturingfacilitwyh,ere estimatesareprovidedforwastewater beforetreatmentand water releasestothe environmentaftertreatmentby an industrial wastewatertreatmentplant(IWTP). Balteiie BusiatsofIn@atio= April21,2000 Page viii FinalReport Summary ofEstimated()FC Waste Streams Based on 1997 SalesintheU.S.(PFOS equivalentsi(n2l)bs./yr) supplyChain 3M Business Un Afte@-@et/ Processing A customers) Airborne Consmer Waytewater Solid Waste End Use (Consumers) Disposal 3M Mfg@ BU Waste 3M Mf Total Streams(3-4)Release% ofB U Total Apparel Airborne Wastewater SolidWaste V.ofB U Total Carpet Airborne Wastewater Solid Waste Y,,ofB U Total Home Textiles Airborne Wastewater Solid Waste ofB U Total Paperand Packaging Airborne Wastewater SolidWaste ofBU Total Perfomiance Airborne Chemicals Wastewater Solid Waste Total for AU Bus ofBU Total Airborne Wastewater 2,600 110,000 3,300 180,000 0 5,900 350 290,000 NIA") 51,000 19,000 10,000 Combined(6) SolidWast,?) Landfill .Incineration 59,000 200,000 1,300,0001,500,000 1,037,000 380,000 657,000 NIAO) N/A(") (1)Estinudesused in thisreportarebased on conservativew,orst cag assumptionsabout the generationof wastes at supply cbjlin facilitiaensd 3M manufachiringlocationsa.nd are often based an operatorexperienceor engineeringesfin2atersatherthan laboratortyests.As suck the estimatescan resultinwide rangesinwaste streamcalculationl (2)Assumes evenbiildegradationof allsulfonatepdafluorochewcalsto PFOS. PFOS evivalentsdo not always includeall residualtshatmay be presentintheproductl (3)These estimateasrebased on manufacbuing datafor1997-1999. (4)3M manufacturingemissionsare Primarilyassociatewdith a few key stepsin the earlystagesof POSF manufacturingand purificatiaond thereforaerenot attributetdo any one producl (5)*rbeacvaluesareestimatesofreleasetothe environmentfrom manufachning and areshown fbrrefemnCL (6)TotalsforBUs arerounded totwo significanftigures (7)Not Available.Availabledatado not allowtheestimationofairbornedischargespriortotreatment. (8)Solidrelmns from manufachuing am subcategorizedintolandfilwlaste and incineratewdaste. Productionand use datawe not (9)NsuobtcAavtaeigloarbiizcedR.elenes from common treatmentprocessessuch as landfillwsillbe cdi=Lted as partof phase 2 of the release estimationtask. (10)FCs undergo completethermaldestructiodnuringhigh-tempa2Wm incineratiosno,no FCs are releasedto the environmentin emissionsfrom theincinerator. Baltelle VnoB tisin.osfoInno@ation. April21,2000 Page ix FinaRleport Glossary CustomerC:ompanyorfaciltihtaytacceptpsroducsthippefdrom3M manufacturing operationasnd performsprocessingforfurtheruse. Processingdone by customerscan includedilutioonr othermixing,applicatiorne,-packaginge,tc.Both 3M clientasnd contracmtanufacturersareconsideredcustomers,however,distributoarrsegenerallynot consideredcustomers. End-Product: Finishedgoods used by consumers (usuallythegeneralpublic).Examples of end-productisncludetreatedgarments,french-ficyontainersi,nstallecdarpetings,tainresistanfturnitures,praycans,alkalinceleanerse,tc. Effluent: Liquidrelease.Waste carriedina liquidmedia from finaltreatmentasan ambient discharge. Emissions: Generallyused asa synonym forreleasee,missionsarewastesthatleave finaltreatmentand aredischargedto ambie.ntmedia. Typicallythe media to which wastesaredischargedisspecifiede,.g.airbome emissions. End-Product Nllixture: Generallyapplicableto liquidend-productsonly,the endproductmixtureisthecombinationof chemicalsrequiredto producethedesiredendproduct.In many casesend-productcsontaina mixtureofsulfonatepderfluorochemicals, solventsa,nd otheractiveand inactiviengredientsE.nd-productmixturesareassumed to be uniformmixturesof allingredientsA.n example of an end-producmtixtureisthe home carefabricprotecto(rRed Can) mixturewhich contains1.5% (byweight)FC- 1860. Product (orProduct Material): Material shipped from 3M sulfonated perfluorochemical-manufactufraicnigliti(ees.g.Decatur,AL) to customerfacilities (customersincludeboth3M clientasnd contracmtanufacturers)P.roductsaretypically referredtousingproductcodes,such asFC-807, FX- 1801,FC- I70C, etc. Release: The dischargeof sulfonatedperfluorochemicaolrs end-products containingthesechemicalsto the ambient environment. Fo@ example, industrial wastewaterdischargesthatare furthertreatedare_notconsideredreleases.However, industriasltackairborneemissionsthataredischargedtothe ambientairare considered releases. Wastewater: Waste carriedin a liquidmedia from the point of dischargeto further treatmentpriorto releaseintoambientmedia. This includesboth industriaalnd residentilailquiwdaste priortotreatment. Waste Stream: Waste generatedatany stageofthelifecyclethatistransferretdo a treatmentoperationpriorto releaseto the environment.Part 1 of the Release Estimationreportestimatesulfonatepderfluorochemicawlaste streams. Baltelle April21,2000 Pace x