Document byr7Xe0OEwOQK9M4XDwn3mkRZ

212 CHAPTER 11 1949. Guide, ** The Temperature of Evaporation, by .Willis H. Carrier (A.S.H.V.E. Transas TIONs, Vol. 24, 1918, p; 25). *' Psychrometric Tables for Vapor Pressure, Relative Humidity and Temperatures of the Dew-Point (U. S. Department of Agriculture, Weather Bureau, Washington D. C.). 1 10 A Review of Existing Psychrometric Data in Relation to Practical Engineering Problems, by W. H. Carrier and C. O. Mackey (A JS.M.B. Transactions, January, 19378 p. 33; Discussion A.S.M.E. Transactions, August, 1937, p. 528). ' " Divided Flow Low Temperature Humidity Test Apparatus, by Arnold Wexler (National Bureau of Standards, Research Paper No. 1894). " Gas Analysis by Measurement of Thermal Conductivity, by H. A. Daynes (Cam bridge Press, 1933). 44 Industrial Dust, by Phillip Drinker and Theodore Hatch (McGr'aw Hill Book Company, New York). 44 Testing and. Rating of Air Cleaning Devices Used for General Ventilation Work, by S. R. Lewis (AB.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 39,1933, p. 277). . 44 A.S.H.V.E. Code for Testing and Rating Air Cleaning Devices Used in General Ventilation Work, adopted January, 1934 (A.S.H.V.E. Thansactions, Vol. 39, 1933 p. 225). ' 44 A Test Method for Air Filters, by Richard S: Dill (A.S.H.V.E. Thansactions Vol. 44, 1938, p. 379). ' .* Standard Method of Test for Thermal Conductivity of Materials by Means of the Guarded Hot Plate, adopted July, 1942, by A.S.H.V.E. (AJS.T.M. Designation C177 -- 42T). 44 Guarded Hot Plate Apparatus Complying With the Requirements of Section 4 of AJ5.T.M. Method of Test for Thermal Conductivity of Materials bv Means of the Guarded Hot Plate, AJS.TM. . 49 A.S.H.V.E. Standard Test Code for Heat Transmission Through Walls (A.S.H.V.E. Thansactions, Vol. 34v 1928, p. 253), adopted 1928. 40 A.S,H.V.E. Research Report No. 685--Measuring Heat Transmission in Ruild ing Structures and a Heat Transmission Meter, by P. Nicholls (AB.H.V.E. Transac tions, Vol. 30, 1924, p. 65). ' " Instruments and Methods for Recording Thermal Factors Affecting Human Comfort, by C. P. Yaglou, A. P. Kratz and C.-E. A. Winslow (Year Book, American Journal Public Health, 36-37). 44 The Thermo-Integrator--A New Instrument for the Observation of Thermal Interchanges, by C.-E. A. Winslow and Leonard Greenburg (A.S.H.V.E. Transac tions, Vol. 41, 1935, p. 149). 44 I = B = R Testing and Rating Codes for Low Pressure Heating Boilers, 1947 (Institute of Boiler and Radiator Manufacturers). 44 Commercial Standard for Warm Air Furnaces Equipped with Vaporizing PotType Oil Burners, C.S. 104-46, National Bureau of Standards. 44 Rapid Determination of Small Amounts of Carbon Monoxide, by Martin Shep herd. Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 19,77:1947. 44 Determination of Small Amounts of Carbon Monoxide in Air by Various Refer ence Methods, by Martin Shepherd, National Bureau of Standards Journal of Re search S8, 351-8; 1947 R. P. 1777. v A Carbon Monoxide Recorder, by S. H. Katz, D. A. Reynolds, H. W. Frevert and J. J. Bloomfield (U. S. Bureau of Mines, Technical Paper No. 355,1926). 44 Commercial Standard for Mechanical Draft Oil Burners Designed for Domestic Installations, C.S. 75-42, National Bureau of Standards. ' 49 Electrical Engineer's Handbook, by Harold Pender and Knox McHvaine (John Wiley and Sons, New York). 49 Elements of Acoustical Engineering, by Harry F. Olson (D. Van Nostrand Co., New York). 44 American Tentative Standards for Sound Level Meters for Measurement of Noise and Other Sounds, Z 24.3-1944 (American Standards Association). CHAPTER 12 PHYSIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES Chemical Vitiation of Air, Physical Impurities in Air, Thermal Interchanges Between the Body and Its Environment, High Temperature Hazards, Acclimati zation, Upper Limits of Heat for Men at Work, Application of Physiologic Principles to Air Conditioning Problems, Effective Temperature Index and Comfort Zones VENTILATION is defined in part as the process of supplying air to, or removing air from, any space by natural or mechanical means. The word in itself implies quantity, but air must be of the proper quality also. The term air conditioning in its broadest sense implies control of any of all of the physical or chemical qualities of the air. The A.S.H.V.E. Code of Minimum Requirements for Comfort Air Conditioning1 defines it "as the process by which simultaneously the temperature, moisture content, movement and quality of the air in enclosed spaces intended for human occupancy may be maintained within required limits. If an installation cannot perform all of these functions, it shall be designated by a name that describes only the function or functions performed." CHEMICAL VITIATION OF AIR People living indoors bring about certain physical and chemical changes in the air about them. The oxygen content of the air diminishes-and the carbon dioxide increases, but these changes are too slight to be significant except in air tight spaces as in submarines. Organic matter which is usually perceived as odors comes from the body or clothes. Moisture and heat are given off by the body. There is no evidence of any toxic volatile material given off by man to the ambient air. Stale air may be offensive because of odors and may induce loss of appetite and loss of energy. Objectionable body odors have the same effects. These reasons,whether esthetic or physiological, usually make it desirable in the design of air conditioning systems to provide for the elimination or control of odors arising from occupancy, cooking, or other sources. This may be accomplished by introducing odor-free air in sufficient quantities to reduce odor concentrations by dilution to a level which is not objectionable. Odor-free air may be outdoor air or air which has been cleared of odors by sorption, washing, or other appropriate means. In the case of vitiation by a few hazardous gases such as carbon mon oxide from heating, cooking, and certain industrial processes, no satis factory chemical treatment for the elimination of the impurity has been found. -The only satisfactory solution is elimination at the source by local exhaust ventilation; or, if this is impossible, reduction to a safe concen tration by dilution. (See Chapter 10.) In the case of contamination by other matter, including volatile vapors and gases, chemical treatment for the removal or reduction of the impurities has been made availablethrough air cleaning methods, which are discussed in Chapter 33. When the only source of contamination is the human occupant, the minimum quantity of outdoor air needed appears to be that required to remove objectionable body odors, or tobacco smoke. The concen tration of body odor in a room, in turn, depends upon a number of factors', 213