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Monsanto Montanlo Company 800 N. Undberjh Boulevard St. Louis, Missouri 63186 Phone: (314) 694-JO00 February 19, 1970 Mr. W. C. McCall, President Oreat western Chemical Company 3730 N. W. Yeon Avenue Portland, Oregon 97210 Dear Sir: Recently several newspaper and magazine articles have been published indicating that Polychlorinated BlphenylB (PCBs) have been discovered at some points in some marine, aquatic and wildlife environments. The quantities de tected are in the parts per million and parts per billion categories. It is claimed that the PCBs found strongly resemble chlorinated biphenyls containing 54# and 6o# chlorine by weight. Products which are sold by Monsanto under the trade-names of Aroclor 1254 and 1260 contain chlorinated biphenyls. Monsanto has decided to notify all its customers of . Aroclor products of the publicity surrounding PCBs. A copy of the letter which will be sent to our customers is attached. This letter is intended.to alert our cus tomers to a potential problem of environmental contam ination through the application, processing and effluent disposal of Aroclor 1254 and 1260. We feel it is very desirable that you, as a reseller of Monsanto's Aroclor plasticizers, alert your customers to thlB potential problem. This should be done promptly and, ideally, all customers should be notified at the Bame time. A record should be kept of all customers notified, along with the dates on which the letters _ were transmitted. EXHIBIT WBP M-43 MONS 069789 TOWOLDMONOOQ3343 beet 2- - A* v Reap* locum - R. V. Johnson J. D. aright W. F. weychoff/V. JB. schalfc w. . papageorg# .. P. C. Park R, e L&mkin - bo* Angeles J. 0. Hicks - Sant* Clara You will note that attached to the notification letter is a copy of a reprint of an article that appeared in Chemical Week, October 29> 19&9> regarding water pollution standards Bet" by each state in the Union. This article helps to put our letter in proper context. As mentioned in the article, good manufacturing practice in the future may require that no products used by any company be lost or discharged in such a manner as to ultimately be found in waterways. For your guidance, .we intend to mail the attached letter to all our Aroclor {a> customers around February 27. The letter will be addressed to the Office of the President at the Accounts Receivable address which we hold in our files. We will send you sufficient copies of the letter for your needs in notifying your customers. To help you further, we have drafted a cover letter which you may wish to use in notifying your customers. A copy is attached,but the decision whether to use it or draft your own cover letter is, of course, yours. We regret the work that this request may cause you. As a responsible supplier, however, we feel we have a duty to keep our customers fully informed on matters concerning the safe handling of our products. We are sure of your support in this matter and are confident of your assistance along the lines indicated. Very truly yours. 7 A. /L<*. i W. E. Schaik Director of Sales Plasticizers /dbw MONS 089790 TOWOLDMONOOQ3344 O . U Monsanto Monsanto Company BOO N. Lintfbirgh Bouluvurd St. Louis. Missouri 63I6B Phono: (314) 684-iOOO ` ' __ ____ ________ ' _ ____ February 19/ 197Q . _ .__ 1 ' j , ; \ f j I : j I1 Dear Sirj _ Recently several newspaper and magazine articles have been published indicating that Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) have been discovered at some points in some marine, aquatic and wildlife environments. The quantities de tected are in the parts per million and parts per billion categories. It is claimed that the PCBs found strongly resemble chlorinated biphenyls containing and 6Q5& chlorine by weight. Products which are sold by Monsanto under the trade-names of Aroclor 1254 and 1260 contain chlorinated biphenyls. . Monsanto has decided to notify all its customers of Aroclor products of the publicity surrounding PCBs. A copy of the letter which will be sent to our customers is attached. This letter is intended to alert our cus tomers to a potential problem of environmental contam ination through the application, processing and effluent disposal of Aroclor 1254 and 1260. Ve feel it is very desirable that you, as a reseller of Monsanto's Aroclor plasticizers, alert your customers to this potential problem. This should be done promptly and. Ideally, all customers should be notified at the same time. A record should be kept of all customers notified, along with the dates on which the letters were transmitted. . i | f f I * 8 i fcAf'ki nn TOWOLDMONOOQ3345 o -2*- 6 i I f } You will note that attached to the notification letter la a copy of a reprint of an article that appeared in Chemical Week, October 29, 1969, regarding water pollution standards set by each state in the Union. This article helps to put our letter in proper context. As mentioned in the article, good manufacturing practice in the future may require that no products used by any company be lost or discharged in such a manner as to ultimately be found in waterways. . . ., For your guidance, xe intend to mall the attached letter to.all our Aroclor 'u> customers around February 27. The letter will be addressed to the Office of the President at the Accounts Receivable address which we hold in our files. We will send you sufficient copies of the letter for your needs in notifying your customers. . To help you further, we have drafted a cover letter which you may wish to use in notifying your customers. A copy is attached, but the decision whether to use it or draft your own cover letter is, of course, yours. We regret the work that this request may cause you. As a responsible supplier, however, we feel we have a duty to keep our customers fully informed on matters concerning the safe handling of our products. We are sure of your support in this matter and are confident of your assistance along the lines indicated. ___ ___________________________ Very truly yours, /dbw . i S'-- W. E. Schalk Director of Sales Plasticizers l 4 : t5 mf/'-'i r\r\r\A r\r\ TOWOLDMONOOQ3346 ) Suggested Letter from Distributor to Aroclor Customers Dear Sir: Recently several newspaper and magazine articles have ' been published indicating that Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) have been discovered at some points in some marine, aquatic and wildlife environments. The quantities detected are said to be in the parts per million and parts per billion category. It is claimed that the PCBs found strongly resemble chlor- lnated biphenyls containing 54$ and 60$ chlorine by weight. We are distributors for. products with the trade-names of Aroclor 1254 and 1260 and these contain chlorinated bi- phenyls. .' As your supplier of Aroclor 1254 and 1260, we wish to alert you to the potential problem of environmental con- tamlnation sb referred to in the newspaper and magazine articles. Aroclor 1254 and 1260 are manufactured and sold to us by Monsanto Company. For your further clarification and guidance, we would refer you to the attached letter sent by Monsanto to its customers concerning PCBs. We have also attached a reprint of a recent article from Chemical Week. October 29, 1969, regarding water pollution standards set by each state in the Union. * With the present public and government concern with environ- mental contamination, good manufacturing practice inthe future may require care in the application, processingand effluent disposal of all products used by your company. . ' - Very truly yours, ? 5 | [ > I j ; j ! j i \ ij | l I I, | > i | j ; j ! 1 | I | b n r\ 1 j^ TOWOLDMONOOQ3347 Monsanto Monsanto Company 600 N. Lindbergh Boulevard St-Louis. Missouri 83IS8 Phone: (314) 694-1000 Dear Customer: Recently several newspaper and magazine articles have been published indicating that Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) have been discovered at some points in some marine! aquatic and wildlife environments. The quantities detected are said to be in the parts per million and parts per billion categories. It is claimed that the PCBs found strongly resemble chlorinated biphenyls containing 54$ and 60$ chlorine by weight, products whlch_are sold by Monsanto under the tradenames of Aroelor G9 1254 and 1260 contain chlorinated biphenyls. As your supplier of Aroelor1254 and 1260, we wish to alert you to the potential problem of environmental contamination as referred to In the newspaper and magazine articles. We would like to point out the following additional facts. 1. Certain Monsanto products which are sold under the Aroelor trademark, namely Aroelor 5060, 5442 and 5460, are not polychlorinated biphenyls. 2. PCBs with a chlorine content of less than 54$ have not been found in the environment and appear to present no potential problem to the environment. i/ir'i r\r\r\*1 2 We feel that all possible oare should be taken in the application, processing and effluent disposal of these products to prevent them becoming environmental : r. .. . . contaminants. Of Interest to you may be an article in Chemical Week. October 29, 1969 regarding water pollution standards set by each state in the union. It is attached. This article reflects the view that good manufacturing practice in the future may require that no products used by any aompany be lost or discharged In such a manner as to ultimately be found In waterways Very truly yours. W. . Schalk Director of SaleB Plasticizers ek I I iri r\r\r\AAr\ TOWOLDMONOOQ3349 OCTOBER 23, <1988 Environment The huge water requirements of the chemical industry- now the nation's third largest user-make water quality and availability increasingly important factors fur site selectors. Legislation enacted in recent years has forced planners to pay Close attention to pollution control standards. All 50 states have had (heir water quality standards ap proved entirety or in part by the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration (FWPCA). Recently a state-by-state summary of key standards was put together for the first lime. Surprisingly, it was not the FWPCA that did the job. Instead it was handled by an American Public Health Assn. (AFHA) subcommittee headed by TVA Health Director F. E. Gartrell, assisted by the API-fA Engineering and Sanitation Seaion. A portion of the study, covering standards for surface industrial water, is summarized in the tables starting on p. 80. Contraty to widely held opinions, there is considerable variation in state standards. Take the dissolved oxygen (DO) standard, for example. Minimum allowable DO (as milli grams per liter or percent saturation) is the single most impor tant standard to chemical site evaluators. As a rough rule of thumb, a 2-mg./l. standard is considered to-be one industry can live with comfortably, while a 6.0 mg./l. value is pegged "extremely tough." " California, Wyoming and Washington have set the stan dard at 6 mg./l. or higher. But a few states such as Con necticut, Maine, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts. Virginia and Wisconsin require 2 mg./1. or lower. Other siandards-notably turbidity, taste, odor, color and solids--may also be important, depending upon the nature of the chemical plant's waste effluents. These standards also,ex- hihit state-by-state differences. Moreover, they arc generally ` less specific than the straight numerical DO standards. Although chemical plant site experts sec little point in "running from tough standards," the criteria do make a difference; Plans for two rtonferrous metals plants in Puerto Rico arc now on the shelf, because of standards that call for a 4.5 mg./l. DO, no wastes that interfere with the esthetics of the waters and other specifications. No compilation of ground water standards has yet been published. Ground water standards may prove important in the future as companies are forced to use costly deep-welt dis posal for wastes. Availability of ocean waste disposal services is also looming more important. * Waste Cost.: The price tag for pollution control is high. A recent FWPCA study on the organic chemicals industry esti mated that water waste-treatment facilities can increase in stalled capital equipment costs 40% or more. Between '69-'73, the organic chemical industiy would have to shell out $182.5 million to remove 10% of its biological and chemical oxygen demand waste and 65% of its suspended solids. Removal lev els of 83%, 13% and 71%, respectively, for biologic oxygen de mand, chemical oxygen demand and suspended solids would require$242.6 million, while 98%. 30% and 89%, respectively, would up the ante to $608 million. Cleaner Air: Establishment of air quality standards is not nearly as far advanced as are water standards. The National Air Pollution Control Administration (NAPCA) is still desig nating regional air control regions. At list count, 16 regions had been formally designated and another 41 had been pro posed. NAPCA has issued air quality criteria and control technology data for sulfur oxides and particulate mailer, will follow with simitar studies forothcr pollutants. Once criteria and control data have been issued for a pollu tant and control regions have been designated, a complicated process involving standards, hearings and implementation and enforcement plans will be initiated that can take over a year to produce standards. So far, no Arm sulfur oxide or particulate standards have emerged. But NAPCA's criteria for setting the standards sug gest they'll be tough. The oxide criteria report, for example, emphasizes that there are deleterious effects to man at con centrations as low as 0.04 ppm. NAPCA's control data reports present detailed appraisals of various methods and equipment, along with estimated costs. As in the case of water, the costs will be high, although some pollutants--mainly sulfur dioxide--will have recovery values. NAPCA is sponsoring a number of research projects to improve technology. Pollution control is being spurred by financial assistance programs (mandated by state law) now operative in the following 28 stales: Arizona, Arkansas, California. Connecticut, Florida. Georgia. Idaho, Illinois, Indiana. Maine. Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri. New Hampshire. New Jersey, New York. North Carolina. Ohio. Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island. South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia. Washington. Wisconsin and West Virginia. In addition, Pennsylvania offers financial aid sanctioned by administrative regulation. Several states, including Utah and Maryland have legislative studies under way. The incentives take a variety of forms. Most common are exemption from personal property taxes (e.g., Arkansas), fast depredation (Arizona), exemption from ad valorem equip ment and structures taxes (Connecticut), exemption from lo cal taxes for stated period of time (New Hampshire), operating loss deductions (New York); credit against state in come tax (Oregon). Quantity': The large chemical complexes now in vogue make water--and lots of it--a major site criterion. The cooler the water is, the better, for it can reduce the investment in heat-exchange equipment. Occasionally, plants can manage on ground water, but usually surface water is required. That means location on or near the big, drought-resistant rivers. There are less than 200 rivers in the U. S. with minimum flows over 50 cu. ft. per second (CW Oct. 5, '68, pp. 94-95). For companies whose plant needs ai least 100 cu. ft/sccond. the list numbers only ISO (excluding Alaska). Sea water is generally avoided because of high equipment corrosion costs. Piping water in is expensive. Duval, now opening a 1.5 mil lion tons/year sulfur mine in the arid Northwest atea. was forced to install a 36-in., 38-mile-long water line and a 40- million-gal. reservoir. Cost of the water supply system hasn't been disclosed, but it ^estimated that the tab was at least sev eral million dollars. - ' The adequacy of domestic water resources in the year 2000 has recently been evaluated by the Geological Survey. Na tionally, projected demand will be 173% of potentially as sured supply. Only in three regions. New England, Ohio, and the South Atlantic Eastern Gulf, will future water require ments be easily met. Economic growth may be handicapped in nine regions: Eastern Great Lakes. Lower Mississippi. Up per Missouri-Hudson Bay. Lower Missouri. Western Gulf-- Rio Grande, Pecos. Colorado. Great Basin, and Central and South Pacific. 79 I i | \ f l !f i l h nnnd a o TOWOLDMONOOQ3350 For the first time, a summary of water quality standards set by ail 50 states. pH Allowable Temperature (*F) allowable IMNIW Rang* OeWalton Miilnttim iboYMiwbient Dissolved oxygon (minimum, mg./l. or %) Other Requirements Alabama 6.0-9.5 1.0 90*(24 Jirs.) 93" (any D *" 93"(C0ofln* water) 10% -- 10* 2.0 at 5 ft or Radioactivity, Color, Testa and Odor* Toxic Subtleness: Only in m*miad"n*d* ei^utMnI.leae amounts that would not render waters unsuitable for cooling and process-water supply purposes. Solids: industrial free Irons waste materials that cause unsightly or putrescent conditions or Interfere directly or indirectly with Industrial use. AfftSKt 7.0-4.0 0.5 .. 70* -- 5.0 Radioactivity: Not to exceed limits el PHS Drinking Water Standards. Turbidity: No imposed values that would interfere with established levels of treatment. Colon True eolor lets than 50 eolor units. Taste and`Odor: Shall not unreasonably Impair esthetic considerations. Solids: No dissolved solids above na tural conditions causing corrosion or scaling problems. No visible evidence of other floating solids or sludge deposits. No imposed sediment loans that would interfere vXth established treatment levels." Toxic Substances: Chemical constituents should be below concentrations found to be of public health significance.* Arizona 5.5-8 6 0 5 ** 93* . - , 5* -- Radioactivity: Not to exceed 1/30 of the MPC* value give* for continuous occupations? exposure in NBS handbook 69. Turbidity; 30 JCU (streams); 25 JCU (lakes). Color; free from waste mate rials in amounts sufficient to change existing color enough to interfere with industrial use or to create a nuisance. Taste and Odor; Tree from wastes in amounts sufficient to produce enough testa and odor to create a nuisance or interfere with Industrial use. Solids: Free from wastes that would b* unsightly, putrescent, odorous or in amounts that would interfera with Industrial use, Toxic Substances: free from wastes toxic to human, animal, plant or aquatic life or in amounts that would interfere with industrial use. Arkansas .0-9.0 1.0 95* {24 . nrs.) ' . 5* 4.0 (average Radioactivity: "Rules and Reputations for the Control of Ionising for any cross Radiation/* Arkansas Board of Health, apply. Turbidity: No dis- section) tinctly visible increases due to wastes. Color: Shalt not be In creased to the extent that it interferes with industrial use, present or future. Taste and Orion Must not couse offensive odors or otherwise interfere with industrial use. Solids: No dis tinctly visible persistent solids, bottom deposits or sludga banks due to wastes. Toxic Substances: Must not be present In amounts toxic to human, animal, plant or aquatic Hfe. California .$-6.5 7.0-5.& (Coastal water*) 71.6** (fresh water) None that would cause ecological change or harm aquatic life (coastal waters}* 5O Coastal water: 5,0 (unless naturally lower) Radioactivity: Shall not exceed 1/10 of the MPC* values given for continuous occupational exposure In NBS Handbook 69. Turbidity; Free from wastes that could alter water** existing turbidity. Color: Free from substances attributable to wastes that produce detrimental color. Taste end Odor: No substances that impart foreign taste or odor. ,oiid>: Dissolved solids in fresh water must no! exceed 300 rog./l. at any time: annual mean: 175 mg./I. Settlcabtc solids must not be able to-change nature of stream bottom or harm aquatic environment. Toxic Substances: Al all times Iree from concentrations harmful to humans, aquatic life or wild or domestic animals. Colorado s.0 9.0 -- 93" 3.0 Radioactivity! Not to exceed 1/30 of the I6fl-lu.-weck values in NBS Handbook 69. Turbidity: Must not interfere with eslab. llshed levels of treatment. Color: Wastdtf present must not cause appreciable change In color or interfere with Industrial use. Taste and Odort Free from wastes that cause odor or ap preciable change in taste. Solids: Free from wastes (Hat ore unsightly, putrescent or odorous or would interfere with use. ' Toxic Substances: Free from wastes in concentrations or com binations sufficient to harm human or animal life. Comwcffcvt 6.0-9.0 None unless It doe? not exceed re commended limits for In dustrial use 0 JtedioactMly: Limits to bo ppproved by appropriate state agency. Turbidity, Color, taste and Odor: Nona In such quanti ties that would impair Industrial use. Solids: Limited to small amounts that may result from discharge of appropriately treated wastes. Toxic Substances: Free from chemical constitu ents In concentrations or combinations harmful to human, animal or aquatic Ufa. Dfiavare 6.54.8 ft* 5%* or 4.0 Radioactivity; Alpha emitters limited to 3 pe/l-S beta emitters, to 3,000 pe/1. Color, Taste and Oden None in concentrations that esuse color, tasje dr odor. Satirist Fred from unsightly and malodorous nuisances due to footing solids or sludge de posits. Texlc Substances: None in concentrations harmful (synefgistically or otherwise) to humans, fish, shellfish, wildlife or aquatic Ufa. Florida 6.0-B.5 1.0 ' . -- . ' -- 4.0 Radiation: Gross beta--!.030 pc/l. (in absence of Sr-90 and alpha emitters). Turbidity: 50 JCU. Colors Must not render water unfit for industrial-cooling or process-water supply purposes. Taste: Must not render water unlit for industrial use: phenols 0,091 maximum. Solids: Dissolved solids must not exceed 1,009 mg*'/14 monthly average: 500 mg./l. Must be free from floating wastes that are unsightly or deleterious or other wastes that settle to fon.i putrescent or objectionable sludge deposits. Toxic Substances: Free from wastes harmful to human, animal or aquatic life. Cu, 0.5 mg./!.; 2n, 1.0; Cr, 0.05: Pb, 0.95; Fe, 0.3; As. 0.05; F, 10.0; Cn, none delectable. ii I \i i t I $ TOWOLDMONOOQ3351 PiiSOlVOd pH Allowable Temperature(*D allowable oxygen Increit* (minimum RMS* DniUUn Maximum xbpvaamblent mg./l. or%) Other Requirement* Georgia 6.0-8.5 -- 93.2* 10* (above Intake) 2.5 Radioactivity: Must conform to state statutes. Turbidity, Color, 3.0 (daily ever* Taste and Odor: Free from wastes that cause objectionable con* *5*) ditiens or interfere with industrial use. Solids: Free from wastes that are unsighlly, putrescent or otherwise objectionable or would interfere with industrial use. Toxic Substances: Ho wastes in concentrations that would prevent fish survival or Interfere with Industrial use. Hawaii 6.S-5.5 4.5 Radioactivity: Not to exceed 1/30 of the values given by NBS Handbook 69. Turbidity: Free from coil particles from erosion caused by fond development or agricultural use. Taste end Odon Wastes, after dilution and mixture, must not interfere with in* dustrial use. Toxic Substances: Free from substances In con* cmtriiiont harmful to human, animal, or marine life or that make waters unsuitable for Industrial use. * Idaho 6-o.e 0.5 2* Only if waterw or less 75% (et sea* Radioactivity; Hot to exceed limits of TO PHS Drinking Water sons Mow) . Standards. Turbidity: No objectionable turbidity that can be traced to a point source. Solid*: No floating or submerged mat* ten no sludge deposit: that could adversely affect industrial use. Toxic Substances: Ho wastes of other than natural origin In concentrations of public health significance or that could adversely affect industrial use. tfflltols 5.O-9.0 -- 95* 2.0 ... Color, Taste end Odor: Free from wastes that produce color, in inu `5,"!^ odor or fast* in such a degree as to create a nuisance. Solids: period) *'nr' Free from floating wastes that settle and form unsightly, dele* 9 terious or putrescent deposits. Toxic Substances: Free from . wanes in concentrations or combinations harmful to human, animal, plant or aquatic Ilia. Indiana 5.0-9.0 -- 95* 1.0 . 2.0 (dally overage) Color, Tasfe and Odor: Free from wastes that produce color, taste or odor In such a degree as to create a nuisance. Solids: Dissolved solids must not exceed 1,000 mg./l.; monthly aver* age. 750 mg./l. Must bo free from unsightly, putrescent, date* terious or otherwise objectionable wastes. Toxic Substances: Free from wastes in concentrations or combinations harmful to human, animal, plant or aquatic Hfe. Iowa m Color* Taste and Oden Free from wastes that produce color, taste or odor in such a degree as to be detrimental to Industrial use. Solids: Free from floating wastes in amounts that would be unsightly or deleterious or other rrostes that settle to form putrescent or objectionable sludge deposits. Toxic Substances: No wastes in concentrations or combinations detrimental to human, animat or aquatic life or to industrial use. Kansas 6.&-9.0 - 90** Turbidity; Ho increase that causes substantial visible contrast with natural appearance or that is detrimental to Industrial use. Color: Discharges of color-producing tubctance* Hmited to con* centrations not detrimental to industrial use. Tests and Odor: Concentrations limited to those that would net result in notice able offensive odors or otherwise interfere with industrial use. Solids: Free from floating debris or material in amounts that would be unsightly or detrimental to industrial use. Toxic Sub stances: Pollution*! substances must be maintained below coo* centrations detrimental for industrial use. K.ntuckjr 5.0-9.0 -- 95* 27hr *0Y<*ay Color, Taste and Odor: Wastes must not create a nuisance. SotIds; Dissolved solids must not exceed 1.000 mg./l.; monthly overage: 750 mg./l. No floating wastes In unsightly or dele* terious amounts: no other wastes that settle to form putrescent or objectionable sludges. Toxic Substances: No wastes In con* centrations or combinations harmful to human, animat, plant or aquatic life. Louisiana 6.0-9.0 -- 96.0' Main* 6.0-9.0* o.5 #0*. 5,4* 50% 2.0* Radioactivity: Specific limits art for all radioactive Isotopes re* leased os waste. SoBds: None that would produce Hosting masses, sludge bank* or beds on bottom, either organic or In organic. Toxic Substances; No wastes in concentrations or com binations harmful to animal or plant life. ; ` Radioactivity: Net to exceed *62 PHS Drinking Water Standards. Turbidity, Color, Taste and Odor: Free from wastes that impart turbidity, color, taste or odor or impair industrial use. Solids; Free from sludge deposits, solid refuse and Hosting solids. Toxic Substances: No chemical constituents from waste sources harmful to humans <r that adversely affect Industrial use. Maryland s.0-9.0 -- (unhn. natural) 100* 4.0 (tiniest naturally tower) Color, Taste end Odor; Free from waste materials that change existing color or produce taste and odor to such a degree as to create a nuisance or interfere with Industrial use. Solids: Free from wastes that float, settle to form deposits, create a nuisance or Interfere with industrial use and are unsightly, putrescent or odorous. Toxic Substances; Free from toxic wastes that interfere with Industrial use or that are harmful to human, plant, animal at aquatic life. ` Massachusetts .0*9.0 -- 90* 2.0 Radioactivity: None in concentrations harmful to human, animal or aquatic life. Turbidity, Color, Taste and Odor: None In con* * centrations that would impair industrial use. Solid*: None el* towed except that which may result from the discharge from waste-treslmsnt facilities providing appropriate treatment. Toxic Substances: Hone in concentrations or combinations harmful ** human, animal or aquatic life. h \ i rn a j. TOWOLDMONOOQ3352 Water quality standards pH Allowabl* Tctnpirtur*(*F) allowabla IncrMs* ________________ ftnp P.wl.llpn Maximum bombleit Dissolved oxygen (miaimum Other Requirements or %)_____________________________________________ Michigan 6.5-8.8 0.8 -- 10* Cnougti to pro- Radioactivity: Standards to be established when information vent nuisance is available on deleterious effetts. Turbidity* Colon No objec tionable unnatural turbidity or color in quantities sufficient to Interfere with industrial use. Taste and Odor: Below levels that are or may become injurious to industrial use. Solids: Dissolved solids must not exceed 750 mg./l.; monthly average: 500 mg,/}. No floating solids or objectionable deposits in quantities that would interfere with industrial use. Toxic Substances: Limited to concentrations less than those that aro or mey become Injurious to this use. __ Minnesota 6.0-9.0 -- 86* -- Color* Taste and Odor, Solids: Free from wastes that cause nuisance conditions, such as material discoloration, obnoxious odors, significant floating solids, excessive suspended solids dr sludge deposits. . MLtUtlppI 6.0-8.S 1.0 93* 10* 3-0 Color, Teste and Odors Free from wastes that produce color or odor in such degree as to craato a nuisance. Solids: Dissolved solids must not exceed 1,500 mo*/l*. monthly average 750 mg./l- Must be free from floating wastes that settle to form unsightly, deleterious, objectionable or putrescent deposit*. Toxic Substances; No wastes in concentrations or combinations harmful to human, animal or aquatic life. Missouri 6.5-9.0 ~ 90* 9c*ro<sasvsaer.ceteioonf) 4.0* .* Radioactivity: Gross beta: 1,000 pe/]. (in absence Of 5r*90 smt alpha emitters), Sr-90: 10 pc/l Dissolved Ra*226: 3 pc/l. Color: Wastes must not cause substantial visible contrast with natural appearance of stream or interfere with Industrial use. Taste and Oder: Limited to concentrations that would not result in notice* able offensive odors or otherwise interfere with industrial use. Solids: No noticeable organic or inorganic deposits or floating materials In unsightly or deleterious amounts. Toxic Substances: Concentration* not detrimental to industrial use Or toxic to humans, fish, wildlife. Fil.St. Montana 8.5-9.$ 0.5 -- No adverse Chang* M Radioactivity: Not to exceed *62 PHS Prinking Water Standards. Turbidity: Must not interfere with established levels of Iraat* mem. Color. Taste end Oden Water shall be maintained In con* ditlon not offensive to sense of sight or smell. Solids: No float* Ing solids and sludge deposits in amounts deleterious lo Indus* trial uses no sediments Dr settlestile solids that affect treatment levels. Toxic Substances: Amounts present must not adversely affect Industrial use. Nebraska 6.S-9.0 l.o 90* 5*(My- Oct.) A10p*r.<)Nov.- Rate: 2*/hr. 5,q Radioactivity: Must conform with Radiological Health Regula tions (1st. ed.) Slate of Nebraska. *66. Turbidity: No more than . 10% increase above normal level. Color: No evidence of matter that creates nuisance conditions. Taste and Odor: Less than amounts that would degrade water quality for industrial use: phenol: 0.00) mg./). Solids: Dissolved solids must not exceed 1,500 mg./l. No more than 20% increase (limit 100 mg./2.) from any point source. No waste solids that permit deposi tion or are deleterious to industrial use. Toxic Substances: None In concentrations or combinations that would render water un suitable for industrial use. Nevada 6.5-8.$ Annual madlan: 7.4-8J 77.0* gnimmar) {winter) 50 6.0 (average. June-SepO v .. * Radioactivity: Limited to 1/10 of the 168*trr,-week values In NB$ Handbook 69. Turbidity, Color, Taste and Odor; Free from wastes In amounts sufficient io change existing turbidity or color enough to create a nuisance or Interfere with industrial use, or to produce taste or odor in the water. Solids: Free from floating cr other wastes that settle to form sludge banks or deposits ht amounts that would be unsightly or odorous or Interfere with industrial use. Teidc Substances: Tree from west** In concentrations or combinations toxic to human, animal, plant or aquatic lifo or that interfere with industrial use. N.wHampihlra 6.0-B.6 (unless natural) No Increase that would Interfere with this use* $.0 Turbidity, Color, Test* and Odor: None In objectionable amounts. ' Solids: No floating solids or sludge deposits In objectionable amounts. Ttfxic Substances: None in toxic, concentrations or combinations. Now Jersey s.B-a s (unless natural) 87*(uA'esc 5* (up to 87*) natural) Turbidity, Solids; None noticeable In water or deposited along shore. Color, Taste and Odor: None that are offensive to humans or detrimental to aquatic bleu. Toxic Substances: None that would effect human's or be detrimental to aquatic biota. New MoitfcO 6.6-S.6 -- Must not pollute or make water unlit lor this utt No oxygen demand that would cause pollution Radioactivity: Not greater than 1/10 of the 4<M*r. value In N8S Handbook 69. Turbidity: Shalt not cause substantial visible con trast with natural appearance. Ccfot: Should not create an esiheffcally undesirable condition, Taste and Odor: No odors, other than of natural origin, that are esthetlcaily objectionable or obnoxious. Solids; No objectionable Seating solids or debris and sediment that significantly alter properties of bottom. Toxic Substances; No amounts toxic to humans, plants, fish, animals. New York 6.0-9.B - 86* 5* (average lflg 9*^24 hrs. 3.0 Color: Mo colored waste* that alone or in combinations make water unsuitable for industrial use. Solids: No ffoaling or settle* able solids or sludge deposits that are readily visible and at tributable to wastes. Toxic Substances: None alone or in com binations that would impair industrial use. Water ({uamjr naiiuaiua Dissolved pllAltow&blo Temperature (F) allowable oxygen - Increase (minimum) R.ng S.vUtlon maximum above ambient rog./l, Dr %) North Carolina Normal lor area. SS& s low as 4.3 lit swamp* -- 3.0 North Dakota G.0-9.0 0.5 93* 10* 3.0 5.0 (for 16 hrc./day) Ollier Requirements Color: Must not render water unlit for industrial cooling. Solids: Must not. alter dilution and mixture, make water unfit for Indus* trial eoeiing. Toxic Substances: Must not make water unfit for Industrial cooling. RadioactWtly: No discharge allowed unless materials are readily soluble or dispersible and ofquantities acceptable to state health department. Color. Taste and Oden No wastes that color water or result in objectionable odors to * degree that Impairs indus trial use. Solids: No unsightly Hosting wastes that would ad versely affect industrial use or wastes that settle to form pu trescent or objectionable deposits. Toxic Substances: Mo con centrations or combinations harmful to human, animal or aquatic file. Ohio 5.0-9.0 -- 85" -- 1.0 Color, Taste and Odor: Free from wastes that produce color or 2.0 (daily odor to a degree ttot creates a nuisance. Solids: Dissolved average) solids must not exceed 1,000 mg./I.: monthly average: 750 mg./l. Must be free from floating or other wastes that settle to form putrescent or objectionable deposits or that are unsightly or deleterious. Toxic Substances: No wastes in concentrations or combinations harmful to human, animal or aqifaUo lilt. Oklahoma e.s-8.5 -- Oregon 6.5-8.0 -- W a* 2-(only If water 70* or last) 4.0 Radioactivity: Average concentration at points of controlled release cftaii not exceed Slate board of Health Radiation Pro tection Regulations. TutbSdityx None that causes visible contrast with natural conditions. Colei: None that is persistent In con centrations detrimental to industrial use. Taste and Odor: No concentrations that would cause offensive odors in vicinity of water or otherwise interfere with industrial use.. Solids; Free from floating debris, bottom deposits or other materials. Toxic Substances: None in quantities that make water toxic to human* animat, plant or aquatic life. 5.0 Radiation: Shall not pose external hazard. Turbidity: 5 JCtt above natural. Color, Taste and Odor: No objectionable discoloration or conditions pathetically offensive to human senses of taste or smell. Solids: No floating solids, organic or inorganic deposits Injurious to industry. Toxic Substances: No conditions injurious to public heatjh. Pennsylvania 6.0-9.0 -- 83* Rhoda Island s.o-fl.s -- 4.0 5.0 (daily Average) a* Color, Taste and Odor: No wastes that produce colors, tastes pr odors in amounts harmful to industrial use. Solids: Dissolved solids must net exceed 7SO.mg./l.: monthly averages SQO No floating wastes or substances (hat settle to form sludge In amounts harmful to industrial use. Toxic Substances: None In amounts harmful to industrial use. 4* 3.0* 5.0* <1 hrs.j Radioactivity, Toxic Substances: .No concentrations or combina tions harmful to human, animal or aquatic life. Turbidity, Taste day) and Odon None in concentrations that would impair industrial use. Solids: No solid refuse. Hosting solids or sludge deposits. South Carolina 6.0-8.5 -- 5.0-8.5 (swamp*) 93.2* 10** 3.0* 2.5* (swamps) Turbidity, Color, Taste and Odor: Free from wastes that changa the existing turbidity or color or that produce taste or odor to such a degree as to cause a nuisance or interfere with Industrial use. Solids: Mono from watte sources in amounts that are un* sightly, putrescent, odorous or that cause a nuisance or interfere with Industrial use. Toxic Substances: Free from wastes harmful to human, animal, plant or aquatic life or that Interfere directly or indirectly with industrial use. South Dakota 6.0-9.5 l.o _ a_. Radioactivity: None permitted In water unless readily soluble or dispersible and in quantities allowed by federal or state agencies. Cotar. Taata and Odon No wastes that produce mate rial discoloration or undesirable odors. Solids* Dissolved solids must not exceed 2,000 mg./ 1. No wastes producing floating solids, sludge deposits or other offensive effects* Toxic Sub stances: None in concentrations toxic to human, animal or aquatic fife. Tennessee ,0-9.0 1,0 <24 93* his.) lor Rate: 37hr. Enough to pro- Radioactivity: Nona that could adversely affect Industrial vent offensive Turbidity, Color: None in amounts or concentrations that could conditions rot be reduced to acceptable levels by conventional treatment* Taste and Odor: None that would result In tsste^ or odor that would prevent use for industrial processing. Solids: Dissolved solids must not exceed S00 mg./J. No distinctly visible solids, bottom tfepotHs~or sludge banks that could bo detrimental to Industrial use. Toxic Substances* None that produces tcxlc conditions that would adversely affect water for Industrial use- texas $.6-8.5 6.0-9.0 UttUft* water) 4.0 Radioactivity: Regulated by Texas Radiation Control Act and Texas Regulations for Control ol Radiation. Turbtdtty: No sub stantial increase due lo wastes. Color: No substantial Visible contrast' wUh natural appearance of receiving waters after wastes receive best. practical treatment. Taste and Odo No concentrations that produce offensive odors. Solids: Dissolved solids must not exceed 1,000 unless water used only for cooling. Must ba essentially free from floating or settJeaMe suspended solids that would adversely affect industrial use. Toxic Substances: Shall not show acuie or chronic toxicity to humans* animate or aquatic life to such an extent at to inter fere wilt* industrial use. 84 Water quality standards pM Allowable Temperature CF)allowable Increase Rang* D.vl.ll.n ,4*xfmum above ambient Dtaaelved oxygen maJl.& Other Requirement* Utah 6.5 0.0 -- RadieacUvily: Shair not excd 1/30 of MPC. nlun for con. tfnuouc occupational exposure in MBS Handbook 69. Turbidity* Color: No wastes in amounts tiut would change existing turbidity or color enough to create public nuisance or interfere wtih Industrial use. taste and Oden No wastes in amounts that would produce Uste or odor. Sotids: No floating wastes that are utb tightly or that Interfere- with industrial use: no wastes Ural settle to form unsightly or odorous sludge or bottom deposits. Toxic Substances: No wastes in concentrations or combinations toxic to human, animal, plant or aquatic life or that would Interfere with industrial use. Vermont 6.0-8.S 1'oe ns hre / *edfa>acH*lty: To be. approved by appropriate stale agency. _jly\ 1 *' Tuitridlty. Color, Teste and Odor: None in concentrations that w would impair Industrial use. Solids* No floating solids, iiudga deposits or solid refuse. Toxic Substances: No chemical con* slituents In concentrations or combinations harmful to human* animal or squatic life. Virgin?* 6,0-9.0 -- 99** (unless (swamps naturally jskwas higher) No sudden ),o* changes that 2,0* (da3y coumharm average! aquatic JMe Color, Taste and Odor, No wastes that change existing color or produce odor to such a degree as to create a nuisance or interfere with industrial use. Solids; No floating wastis that am unsightly or create a nuisance or otitcr wastes that settle to form unsightly, pulrescant or odorous deposits. Toxic Sub* stances: No wastes in concentrations or combinations that would interfere directly or Indirectly with Industrial use. Washington c.5-0.5. 0.5 70* 1-110/ 6.S or 70% Radioactivity, Toxic Substances: Below concentrations that could (T*15)t' adversely affect industrial use. Turbidity* Less than 10 JCVJ over natural conditions. Color, Taste end Odor. Solids: Dissolved, suspended, floating or submerged matter shall not reduce esthetic values so as to affect industrial use. Watt Virginia Proc* wt*r: 5.5-9.0 Cooling m:o Wisconsin 6.0-9*0 -- Cooffng water; 93* (MayNovS 5* Rate: 73* (Dec.* 2*/hr, Apr.) (Dsc**Apr) Process watar must permit fish passage 0,5 69* 1.0 ^ 2.0 (deity average) 1.0 2.0 (dally overage) Color: None that is objectionable. Taste and Odor: Na objection* able odors in vicinity of the water. Solids: No distinctly visible floating, settleabie or suspended solids of unreasonable kind or quantity. No objectionable bottom deposits or sludge banks. Toxic Substances: No concentrations of materials poisonous to-human, animal or fish life. Crier, Testa and Odor; No materials producing color, taste or odor in amounts that would create a nuisance. Satirist Dis solved solids must not exceed 1*000 mg./l.; deity swage: 750 mg./l. No floating or submerged debris or waste substances that would cause objectionable deposits m amounts to crest# a nuisance. Toxic Substances; None In concentrations or com binations oxlc to humans or or public health significance. Wyoming &.&-8.S -- A* T (for streams where temp, not over 70*) 6*0 ftedfoacUvlty: Not to exceed 1730 or N8S Handbook 69 values. Turbidity: No more than 15 JCU above natural (when turbidity Is 150 JCU or less); otherwise, no more than 10% above natural. Color: Essentially free of wastes that visibly alter natural color of water or Impart color to vessels or structures. Teste end Odor: Essentially fra* from substances that would produce detectable Oder at site Of use. Solids: Lssentially -free from floating or softfeable solids that are unsightly or settle to form sludge, bank or bottom deposits. Toxic Substances: Free from toxic substances In concentrations u combinations toxic to human. animal or aquatic life. * Standard reserved from federal Water Pollution Control Administration approval. . . t % ** total cumulative heat addition allowed from unnatural waste sources, at any point throughout the given stream reach. T - highest otcurrlne temperature for a given period, in a specific stream reach. __ _ . _ ., . . Abbreviations: PHS--Public Health Service; N5S--National Bureau of Standards: JCU--Jackson Candle Units; pc/T."Plcoeurws per liter. Source: Water Quality Standards of die United Stales, Territories, and the District of Columbia, American Public Health Assn., Subcode mil toe on Water Quality Control, and Engineering and Sanitation Section. Note: Specific limits for coliforms. biologic oxygen demand, plant nutrients, oH, grease, scum, bottom deposits, pesticides, specific con ductance* carbon chloroform extract, synthetic detergents not Included, Some states set standards for each stream reach or river basin; m such cases, table shows least stringent requirement. This reprint is an excerpt from the "Plant Sites, ,69"`report that appeared in the October 29,1969 issue of CHEMICAL WEEK Copyright 1969 McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, N.Y. This article may not be reproduced without permission. 96 a ru rnn TOWOLDMONOOQ3355 Monsanto mOM iHAMf * LOCATION* P. W. 0*mn - B2SF_____________________ vsjici RircnEttCI May 9* 1973 cc FOB Warning Letters, February 19, 1970 By SohaIk - TO : Memo to File Per May 1, 1973 dlaouaalons with Wally Sohalk, all plastloizer letters sent In 1972 were sentto thp same four distributora, namely: American Mineral Spirits Co., Hew York, Hew York Central Solvents & ChemicalsCo., Chisago, Illinois Croat Western Chemical Co., Portland, Oregon Tab Chemical Co., Chioago, Illinois Oann /mo i\l,< 6 I * i ; j ; $ ii | | | f 1 $ $ I \ I I * *oi r\r\r\ a r~\r\ TOWOLDMONOOQ3356 feanlo t HO* ft u Gumming faton - General Office trATt March 31* 1970 tunno PCB .PUBLICITY Nfl H4MC< TO rf Product Group ) W. F. Waychoff/J. K. Lilly CONFIDENTIAL Attached are the following; A) Letter on PCBs sent by Monsanto to all direct Aroclor customers on February 27. B) Letter on PCBs sent to Plasticizer distributors. It is the responsibility of our distributors to notify their customers. . C) Reprint of an article on standards set by the states on water pollution. D) Memo on proposed handling of PCB publicity in export markets. Letters will go to Canadian/U.K. customers shortly. At this time, no letters of notification planned for other countries. E) Presentation to regional managers/field sales on how to handle PCB situation if customers bring the Bubjeot up. - F) A set of approved answers to questions that customers may bring'up. We don't want to volunteer answers to Questions that are not asked. As far as possible, we want to prevent writing answers to customers. If cus tomers ask questions that are not answered in this section, we ask that the salesman get the question in writing and send it to St. Louis for attention. We rely on Bill Papageorge to clear answers to such questions. So far, we've had little response to our PCB letter. I've seen about four letters and field sales also appear to be getting little response. Cumming Paton MON-MT-008730 TOWOLDMONOOQ3357 ) 4 Monsanto nwl* IMfcfM iOUUOMl Cummins Paton - General Offices March 2, 1970 , ftcrciwwe* CUSTOMER NOTIFICATION LETTER ON PCBb . TO F. C. Park W. B. Papageorge j^r 3 ^ M. W. Farrar . A. Olson V. E. Schalk J. . Sprlnggate W. F. Waychoff CONFIDENTIAL The Plasticizer Croup nailed a PCB notification letter to our direct Arodor customers. 660 were mailed on February 7, 1970 and one (Nelson Oil) was mailed on March 2* 1970. The Presidents of our distributors, namely; Central Solvents and Chemicals Great Western Chemical Tab Chemicals American Mineral Spirits Company . were notified on February 24, 1970. /dbw ? Gumming Paton \ w mv %%.%% V /*&r a i/-\i nnn TOWOLDMONOOQ3358 Monsanto crC- BOO M. lndetr*fc SovUvArd St.louif. Mtisovri 5)164 Phan; 014} 694-1000 <^u^- !cf 7 ( A 17) Vc> MJHLtVj) Dear Customer: Recently several newspaper and magazine articles have been published indicatin' tham polychlorinated Biphenyls. (?C3s) have been discovered at some points in some marine, aquatic ana wildlife environments. The quantities detected are said to be in the parts per million and parts per billion categories. It is claimed that the PC2s found strongly resemble chlorinated biphenyls containing 5^ and oZ% chlorine by weight, products whith^are sold by Monsanto under the tradenames of Aroclor C5J 1254 and 1260 contain chlorinated biphenyls. --s As your supplier of Aroclor Qy 1254 and 1260, we wish to alert you to the potential problem of environmental contamination as referred to in the newspaper and magazine articles. We would like to point out thefollowingadditional facts. 1. Certain j&msantd products which are sold under the Aroclor vs) trademark, -a-.ely Arcelor (n) 5050, 5^42 and 5460, are not polycr.iorir.ated biphenyls. 2. FCBs with a chlorine content of less than 54# have not been found in the environment and appear to present-no potentialproolem to theenvironment. if. 6 | I f f ! j j I i > i j i ! ] t, j i TOWOLDMONOOQ3359 2. We feel that all possible care should be taken in the products to prevent tr.en becoming environsental contaminants. Of interest to you may be an article in Chemical week, October 29, 1569 resarcins water pollution itanuards set by each state 'in the Union. 3t is attached. This article reflects the view that good manufacturir.3 practice in the "future stay require that r.o products used by any company be lost or discharsed in such a manner- as to ultimately be found in waterways* Very truly yours V/. E. Schalk Director of Sales plastic!zera ek TOWOLDMONOOQ3360 flHttWBK/ OCTOBER 80. <1800 Environment The huge water requirements of the chemical industry-- now the natioa's third largest user--make water quality and availability increasingly important factors for site selectors. Legislation enacted in recent years has forced planners to pay close attention to pollution control standards. Ail $0 states have had their watei quality standards ap proved entirely or in part by the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration (FWPCA). Recently a state-by-state summary of key standards was put together for the first time. Surprisingly, it was not the FWPCA that did the Job. Instead it was handled by an American Public Heahh.Assn. (APHA) subcommittee headed by TVA Health Director F. E. Gartrcll, assisted by the APHA Engineering and Sanitation Section. A portion of the study, covering standards for surface industrial water, is summarized in the tables starling on p. SO. Contrary to widely held opinions, there is considerable variation in stale standards. Take the dissolved oxygen (DO) standard, for example. Minimum allowable DO (as milli grams per liter or percent saturation) is the single most impor tant standard to chemical site evaluators. As a rough rule of thumb, a 2-mg./l. standard is considered to be one industry can live with comfortably, while a 6.0 mg./I. value is pegged "extremely tough." California, Wyoming and Washington have set the stan dard at 6 mg./I. or higher. But a few slates such as Con necticut. Maine. Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Virginia and Wisconsin require 2 mg./l. or lower. Other standards--notably turbidity, taste, odor, color and sotids-msy also be important, depending upon the nature of the chemical plant's waste effluents. These standards also ex hibit staie-by-staie differences. Moreover, they are generally less specific than the straight numerical DO standards. Although chemical plant site experts see little point in "running from tough standards,*' the criteria do make a difference: Plans for two nonferrous metals plants in Puerto Rico are now on the shelf, because of standards that call for a 4.5 ntg./L DO, no wastes that interfere with the esthetics of the waters and other specifications. No compilation of ground water standards has yet been published. Ground water standards may prove important in the future as companies are (breed to use costly deep-well dis posal for wastes. Availability of ocean waste disposal services is also looming more important. Waste Cost.: The price tag for pollution control is high. A recent FWPCA study on the organic chemicals industry esti mated that water waste-treatment facilities can increase in stalled capital equipment costs 40% or more. Between '69-73, the organic chemical industry would have to shell out $182.5 million to remove 10% of its biological and chemical oxygen demand waste and ($% of its suspended solids. Removal lev els of 83%. 13% and 71%, respectively, for biologic oxygen de mand, chemical oxygen demand and suspended solids would require $242.6 million, while 98%, 30% and 89%, respectively, would up the ante to $608 million. Cleaner Ain Establishment of air quality standards is not nearly as far advanced as ate water standards. The National Air Pollution Control Administration (NAPCA) is still desig nating regional air control regions. At last count, 16 regions had been formally designated and smother 41 had been pro posed. NAPCA has issued air quality criteria and control technology data for sulfur oxides and p follow with similar studies for other pollutants. Once criteria and control data have been issued for a -toI'i; . tant and control regions have been designate! a c. <np process involving standards, hearings and impiemen..... .. and enforcement plans will be initiated that can take over a year to produce standards. So far, no firm sulfur oxide or particulate standards have emerged. But NAPCA's criteria for setting the standards sug gest they'll be tough. The oxide criteria report, for example, emphasizes that there arc deleterious effects to man at con centrations as low as 0.04 ppm. NAPCA's control data reports present detailed appraisals of various methods and equipment, along with estimated costs. As in the case of water, the costs wilt be high, although some pollutants--mainly sulfur dioxide-will have recovery values. NAPCA is sponsoring a number of research projects to improve technology. Pollution control is being spurred by financial assistance programs (mandated by state law) now operative in the following 28 states: Arizona, Arkansas. California. Connecticut. Florida. Georgia. Idaho. Illinois. Indiana. Maine. Massachusetts. Michigan, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont. Virginia, Washington. Wisconsin and West Virginia. In addition, Pennsylvania offers financial aid sanctioned by administrative regulation. Several states, including Utah and Maryland have legislative studies under way. The incentives take a variety of forms. Most common arc exemption from personal property taxes (e.g.. Arkansas), fast depreciation (Arizona), exemption from ad valorem equip ment and structures taxes (Connecticut), exemption from lo cal taxes for stated period of time (New Hampshire!, operating loss deductions (New York): credit against slate in come tax (Oregon). Quantity: The large chemical complexes now in vogue make watcr-and lots of it--a major site criterion. The cooler the water is, the better, for it can reduce the investment in heat-cxchange equipment. Occasionally, plants can manage on ground water, but usually surface water is required. That means location on or near the big, drought-resistant rivers. There are less than 200 rivers in the U. S. with minimum flows over 50 cu. ft. per second (CtV Oct. 5, '68, pp. 94-9}j. For companies whose plant needs at least 100 cu. ft/sccond. the list numbers only 150 (excluding Alaska). Sea water is generally avoided because ofhigh equipment corrosion costs. Piping water in is expensive. Duval, now opening a 1.5 mil lion tons/year sulfur mine in the arid Northwest area, was forced to install a 36-in.. 38-mile-long water line and a 40million-gal. reservoir. Cost of the water supply system hasn't bean disclosed, but it is estimated that the tab was at least sev eral million dollars. The adequacy of domestic water resources in the year 2000 has recently been evaluated by the Geological Survey. Na tionally, projected demand will be 173% of potentially as sured supply. Only in three regions. New England. Ohio, and the South Atlantic Eastern Gulf, will future water require ments be easily met. Economic growth may be handicapped in nine regions: Eastern Gteat Lakes, Lower Mississippi, Up per Missouri-Hudson Bay, Lower Missouri, Western GulfRio Grande. Pecos, Colorado. Great Basin, and Central and South Pacific. 79 \ 5 ! i | j !' t TOWOLDMONOOQ3361 For the first time, a summary o! water quality standards set by all 50 states. I " Dteohwd pHAIIowafel* TcmpvraturaCVJalkwabto cwygan - * Ram* Davlatloa Maitamat tZZXXL* JfjSWb .. Othar Requirements - Alabama fi.0-4.5 1.0 0* (24 hrs.) eruny t hra.I 9,- (ceding wstar) 10% : >0* . * * Jf- w RaaieattMty, Cater, Tt and (Mar. Taxis Substanc**i Only In SWMfWL" "* atnounta that weuto not nndar watora unsuitable for Industrial- watt la n. Moling ant) procaaa watar supply purpMM. tolMa: fm from aiasta malarial* that causa unsightly or putrasesnt conditions - or inttrtara Olrsotty or hxUractty wHn Industrial usa. Alaska 7.0-4.0 0.5 70* 6.0 Samoactivltyt Not. to oaoaad ttinlta of fhs Drinking Water Standards. Turbidity. No Imposed valuta that would Intartars arfth asuMishod Iavals of treatment, CaUr Tnia color lots then W color untta. Toots and Oden Shall not unraoaonobly Impair aathatlc conaldarationa. tallital Na dissolve aollda above na tural conditions causing cottasloti or scaling problems. No visible evidence of other floating aollda or aludga dapoalts. No Imposed sediment toads that would Interfere with established traatmant levels.* Toxic Subatancooi Chemical conetttutnts should ha below concentrations round to be of public health significance.* htoM ejM.fi o.b as- -- SadtoactfvHy! Not to exceed J/30 of the MFCs value given lor continuous occupational exposure In MBS Handbook 6*. Turbidity: SO JCU (streams): 21JCU (lakae). Color: Frau from waste matarlala in amounts aufDelant to change existing color enough to interfere with Industrial use or to create a nuisance. Teeto and Oder; Free from wastes in amoanta sumelent to produce enough teats and odor to create a nuituncu or Interfere with Industrial use. Solid*: Fra* trom waste* that would bo unsightly, putrescent, odorous or in amount* that would interfere with Industrial us*. Toad* Suhstaneass Fra* from waste* toxin to human, animat plant or aquettc llfo or In amounts that, would Interior* with Industrial uaa. Arkansas e.o-s.o j.o 9S* 4.0 (average Itadtoactlvftpt "Rules and Regulation* for the Control of Ionising ITM tatjjr * Radiation." Athena** Board of Health, apply. TtarhMtyx No die- Mciionj tiftctfy visible Increase* dim to wnln. Color: Shall not be In- created to tbe extent that tt latsrfere* with industrial use, . pimrt or future. Tatte and Mon Must not cause offensive odors or efiateita Intnftfi with industrial um* Salidas Wo dla* tlncUy visible persistent solids, bottom dapoalts or aludga banka duo to waatsa- Taxis Substances: Most not ba present tn amounts toxic to human, animal, plant or aquatic Ufa* California &M.6 7.0-8.6 (Coastal water*) 71.6**<freah watar) Non# that would causa ecological dungs or harm aquatic life (coastal water*)* Coasts) water. 5.0 (untoss naturally lowor) Itadlaactfvlty: Shell not exceed-1/10 of tha MPC valuta gfver> for continuous occupational exposure in HgS Handbook 69. TurMdUy: Fraa from waste* that could altar wete/s existing turbidity. C*1sb Fraa from substances attributable to wastes that produce detrimental color. Taetfl end Oder; No tulntinto that impart Foreign testa or odor. Solidi: Dissolved solids In fresh water mut not exceed 300 roa-/l. at any time; annuel mean: 175 mg./!, datttoabto solids must not be able to ehing* nature of stream bottom or harm aquatic environment. Toxic Substance*! At all times fee* from concentrations harmful to humane, aquatic Ufa or wild or domestic animats. Colorado 5.0-0.0 ConMctldlt io.g.0 -- MiVW 6.S43 -- DmM 6.04.1 1,0 Nona unites ft dost not exceed rt* . commanded limtts tor In dustrial use 2.0 50%* or 4.0 Radioactivity: Not to axcaad 1/30 of the I68-hr.*weefc values In NBS Handbook 69. Tu*Wdyj Must not interfere with eeteb* llebed lavila of trestmont. dibit Wsstsa preeent must not cause appreciable change (ft color or Interfere with Industrial use. Taste and (Man Free from wastes that cause odor or ap preciable change Mi taste. 8tWu Free from wastes that ere unsightly, putrescent or odorous or would interfere with use. Toxic anbetoncosi Free from wastes in eencentrstlont or com binations sufficient to harm human or animal Ufa. RedtoectMtys Umite be be approved by appropriate state agency. Tuibldity. Cator. Taste and Odatx Nona tn such quanta ties that would Impair Industrial use. gelldey Limited to small amounts that may result from discharge of appropriately treated watte#. Texle Substances: Free from chemical constitu ents la concentrations or combinations harmful to human, animal or aquatic life. ; BadtoectMtys Alpha omitters limited to 3 pc/t4 bate emitters, to 1,000 pe/l. Cetor Taste and Odors None in concentretlone that catieo color, test* or odor. Soildes Frae from unsightly end malodorous nuisances due to floating solids or sludge de posits. Toxic Substances: Nona In concentrations harmful (synsr* gtsticatty or otherwise) to humans, fish, ahettfleh, wildlife or aquatic Ufa. Itadletfom dross beta--1,000 pc/1. (In absence of Sr40 and alphs emitters). Torbttilhft W JCU. Coten Must net render water unlit for Industrial-cooling or process-water supply purposes. Taste: Mutt not render watar unfit for fnduitrfel use; phenols 0.091 maximum. Solid*; Dissolved solids must not exceed 2.000 mg./i.; monthly average: 909 mg./I. Must bo free from floating wastes that are unsightly or deleterious or other wastes that settle to torm putrescent or objectionable sludge deposits. Toxic Substance*: Free from wastes harmful to human* animal or aquatic lira. Cu. OJ mg./l.; Zn, 2.9* Cr, 0,95; Pb, 0,05; Pe, 0.3; As* 038; F, 10.0; Cn, nans detectable. 90 TOWOLDMONOOQ3362 Dluolvsd pH Allowable Tamparatura ("F) atlowabl, oxygen InerMM (minimum Runs* Deviation Mnfmvm afaova ambient mg./l, or ft) Other Requirements Georgia 6.0-8.5 -- ' 83.2* 10* {above Intexe) 2.5 Rarfloectlvlyi Must conform to state stalutu. Turbidity, Color, 3.0 (doily aver* roots and Odor: Free trow waste* that cause objectionable con* dtttons or interfere with industrial use. Solid*: Free from waste* that era unsightly, putrescent or otherwise objectionable or would Interfere with Industrie! use. Toxic Substances: No wastes in concentrations that would prevent fish survival or interfere with industrial use. Hawaii 6.5-0.$ Idaho 6.5-9.0 Illinois 5.0-9.0 -- 4.5 Radioactivity: Not to exceed 1/90 of the value* given by NOS Handbook 69. TUrbidttys Free from soli particles from erosion caused by land development or agricultural use. Taste end Odor: Wastes, after dilution and mixture, must not Interfere with In dustrial use. Toxic Substances: Free from substances In eon* centretions harmful to human, animal, or marine life or that make waters unsuitable for industrial use. ?*onlvlf water 68* or ***s 75% (at sea* Radioactivity: Not to exceed limits of *62 PHS Drinking Water eonal low) SLnd.rO*. T.rbldltTi No objoctlonabln turbidity that een be traced to a point source. Solids; No floating or submerged mat* ter; no sludge deposits tint could adversely effect industrial use. Toxic Substances: No wastes of other than natural origin In concentrations of public health significance or that could adversely affect Industrie} use. 9S- -- 2.0 Color, Taste and Odor: Frea from wastes that produce color. In oihi* cdor or teste In such s degree s to create a nuisance. Solids: period) Free from floating wastes that settle and Corm unsightly, dele* 1 terious or putrescent deposits. Toxic Substances; Free from wastes in concentrations or combinations harmful to human, animal, plant or soustie tlf. Indiana $.0-9.0 95* 1.0 2.0(daUy average) Color, Teste and Odor; Frea from wastes that produce color. taste or odor In sueh a degree as to create a nuisance. Sonde: Dissolved solids must not exceed 1,000 mg./l.; monthly aver age. 750 mg./J. Must b free from unsightly. putrescent, dele terious or otherwise objectionable wastes. Toxic Substance*: Free from wastes in concentrations or combinations harmful to hum*n, animal, plant or aquatic life. lows - Color, Tsata and Oden Free from wastes that produce color, taste or odor in such a degree as to be dot;{merits! to inductrial use. SoSds: Free from floating wastes In amounts that would be unsightly or deleterious or other wastes that settle to form putrescent or objectionable sludge deposits. Twdc Substance*: No wastes In concentrations or combinations detrimental to human, animal or aquatic life or 10 industrial use. Kansas .5-9.0 -- 9Q** -- 4.o* Turbidity: No Increase that causes substantial visible contrast with natural appearance or that is detrimental 10 industrial use. Colon Discharges of color-producing substances limited to con centrations not detrimental to industrial use. Teats end Odor: Concentrations limited to those that would not result In notice* able offensive odors or otherwise interfere with Industrial us*. SeHds: Free from floating debris or materiel in amounts that would be unsightly or detrimental to industrial use. Toxic Sub stances: Pollutionat substances must be maintained below con* centretlons detrimental for industrial use. Kentucky s.0-9.0 95* 73* (Dec.Feb*) 2*/hr lOVday Dolor, Taste and Odor; Wastes must not create a aulsanco. Sellds: Dissolved solids must not exceed 1,000 mg./l.; monthly average: 750 mg./l. No floating wastes in unsightly er dele terious amounts; no other wastes that settle ta form putrescent or objectionable sludges. Toxic Substances: No wastes in con centrations or combination* harmful to human, animal, plant or aquatic life. ioqfsiana $.0-9,0 96.8* S.4* 50% Radioactivity: Specific limits set for all radioactive isotopes re leased as west*. SolWsi None that would produce floating masses, sludge banks er beds on bottom, either organic or In organic. Toxic Substances: No wastes in concentrations or com binations harmful to animal or plant life. Maine 6.0-9.o* 90*e -- 2.0* Radioactivity; Not to exceed '62 PHS Drinking Water Standards. Turbidity, Oder, Taste and Odors Free from wastes that Impart turbidity, color, taste or odor or impair industrial use. Solids: Free from sludge deposits, solid refuse and fleeting solids. Trade Substance*: No chemical constituents from waste sources Harmful to humans or that adversely affect Industrial use. Maryland 6.M.0 {unless natural) 100* 4.0 (unless naturally lower) Gofer, Taste and Odor: Free from waste materials that change existing color or product tasle and odor to such a dagree as to create a nuisance or interfere with Industrial use. Solid*; Free from wastes that Rosa, settle to form deposits, create a nuUanca or Interfere with industrial ute and are unsightly, putrescent or odorous. Toxic Substances: Free from toxic wastes that Interfere with industrial use or that era harmful to human, plant, animat or aquatic fife. Massachusetts 6,0-9.0 90* -- 2.0 Radioactivity: None in concentrations harmful to human, animal or aquatic Ufa. Turbidity, Color, Taste and Odor: None in con centrations that would impair industrial use. Solids: None al lowed except that Which may result from the discharge from waste-treatment facilities providing appropriate treatment. Toxic Substances: None in concentrations nr combinations harmful to human, animal or aquatic life. SI Water quality standards pH Allowable Temperature t'F) allowable mere*** __________ Rings Deviation Maximum sbovoambiant Dtoolvdd oxjfftn (minimum Otfier Requirements mg./l. of %)__________________________ ' Michigan 6.5-B.8 O.S -- 10* Enough to pro- RadteaetMty: Standard* to b establlihsd when laformetlon vent nuisance I* available on deleterious effects. Turbidity, Colon No objec tionable unnatural turbidity or color in quantities sufficient to Interfere with Industrial sse. Teste end Oden Below levels that ere or rnsy become Injurious to industrial use. Solids: Dissolved solid* mutt not exceed 730 mg./l.; monthly average: 500 mg./l. No floating solids or objectionable deposits In quantities that would interfere with industrial use. Toxic Substances: Limited to concentrations less then those that are or may become Injurious to this use. r Minnesota $.0-9.0 -- SB* Color, Taste and Odor, SoHdi: Free from wastes that cause nuisance conditions, ouch as material discoloration, obnoxious odors, significant floating solids, excessive suspended solids or sludge deposit*. Mississippi 6.0-S.5 1.0 93s 10* 3.0 Color, Taste and Odor: Free from wastes that produce color or odor in such degree as to create a nuisance. Solids; Dissolved solids must not exceed 1,500 mg./l.: monthly average 750 mg./l. Must be free from floating wastes that settle to form unsightly, deleterious, objectionable or putrescent deposits. Taste Substances: No wastes In concentrations or combinations harmful to human, animal or aquatic life. Missouri 6.5-9.0 -- 90* 9* (average of cross section) 4.0* Radioactivity; Gross beta; 1,000 pc/1, <ln absence of Sr-90 and alpha emitters). Sr-90: 10 pc/1. Dissolved fta-225: 3 pc/1. Color: waste* must not cause substantial visible contrast with natural appearance of stream or Interfare with industrial use. Taeta and Oden Limited to concentrations that would not result in notice able offensive odors or otherwise interfere with industrial uta. Solid*: No noticeable organic or inorganic deposits or floating material* In uosiQhtly or deleterious amounts. Toxic Substances? Corcentrations not detrimental to Industrial use or toxic to humans, fish, VfildiHe. F:1.2. Montana 6.5-9.S 0.5 -- No adverse change Radioactivity: Not to exceed *62 PHS Drinking Water Standard*. Turbidity: Must not interfere with established levels of treat ment. Color, Teat* end Odors Water shall be maintained in con dition not offensive to sense of sight or smell. Solids: No float ing sends and sludge deposits In amounts deleterious la Indus trial use* no sediments or settleabte solids that effect treatment levels. Tsxte $ubet*ncssi Amounts present must not adversely effect industrial use. Nebraske 6.5-9.0 i.o 90* bMMay* Oct) 10* (Nov.. Apr.) Rale: 2*/hr. fUtfloectivlty: Must conform with Radiological Health Regula tions (1st ed.), Slate of Nebraska, '66. Turbktttyr No more than 10% inc'oaae above normal level. Color: No evidence of matter that creates nuisance conditions. Teste and Odor: Lata than amounts that would degrade water quality lor Industrial uae; phenol; 0.001 mg./l. Solids: Dissolved solid* mutt not exceed 1,M0 mg./l. No more than 20% increase (limit 100 mg./l.) from arty point source. No waste solids that permit deposi tion or ere deleterious to industrial use. Text* Substances: Non# In concentrations or combination* that would render water un suitable for Industrial use. NftVMla 6.5-G.5 Annuel median; 7.4-S.3 -- 77.0" (summer) 57.2* (winter) -- 5.0 Radioactivity: Limited to 1/10 of the IGa-hr.-week values in NBS 6.0 (average, Handbook 69. TurMdfty, Color, Teste end- Oden Free from Juite-'SspQ waste* In amounts sufficient to change existing turbidity or color enough to create a nuisance or interfere with industrial use, or to produce teste or odor In the water. Bolide! Free front floating or other wastes that settle to form sludge banks or deposits In amounts that would be unsightly or odorous or interfere With Industrial use; Toxic Substances: Free from waste* in concentration* or combinations toxic to human, animal, plant or aquatic life or that interfere with industrial use. NewtUiMpshlre $.0-8.5 (unless natural) 90*' No Increase tinhtaetrfweoreuldwith this use41 5,0 Turbidity, Cater, Taste and Odor: None In objectionable amounts. Solids: No Hosting solids or sludge deposits In objectionable amounts- Texte Substances: None ir> toxic concentrations or combinations. . . Hew Jersey $.5-a.s -- 87" (unless (unless natural) natural) 5* (up to 87*) 4.0* Turbidity, Soflde: None notieeeble In water or deposited along shore. Color, Tests and Odor: Non* that am offensive to humans or detrimental to aquatic biota. Toxic Substances: None that would effect human* or be detrimental to equetlo bloto. MW MXlc 6.6-S.6 nun noi pollute or demand ffi make water would cau: unfit for this pollution Radioactivity: Not greeter then 1/10 of the 4fl-hr. value In NBS Handbook 69. Turbidity: Shall not cause substantial visible con trast with natural appearance. Colon Should not create an esthetics!!? undesirable condition. Taste and Odor; No odors, other than of natural origin, that are estheticelly objectionabls or obnoxious. Solid*; no objectionable floating solids or debris end sediment that significantly eJler properties of bottom. Toxic Substances; No amounts totfc to human*) plants, fish, animals. New York 6.0-9, ee` rjsr ae. 9724 hr*. 3,0 Color: No colored wastes that alone or In combination* make water unsuitable for Industrial ute. soiMk No floating or settle- able solids or sludge deposits that are readily visible and at tributable to wastes. Toxic Substances: Ncna alone or In com binations that would impair Industrial use. 82 Water quality standards Dissolved pH Allowabla T,mpMratur(*F)aUowabla oxygan Runga Maximum bov<mbfrt mSSTior'^l Ollier Requirements North Carolina Normal 6fuo*s0ru-aa8lr.l%eya;, o4sJloIBw BS swamps -- 95** 3.0 Color; Must not render water unfit for Industrial coctloQ. Solids: Mut not. after dilution and mixture, make water unfit for Industriat cooling. Toxic Substances* Must not make water unfit for Industrial cooling. North Dakota 6.0-9.0 0.5 93* io* 30 5.0 (for 16 hrs.;dy) Radioactivity; Mo discharge allowed unless materials are readily soluble or dispersible and of quantities acceptable to slate health department. Color, Taste and Oder. No wastes that color water or result In objectionable odors to a degree that Impairs Indus* trial use. Solids: No unsightly floating wastes that would ad* vereefy affect industrial use or wastes that settle to form pu trescent or objectionable deposits. Toxfe Substances: No con centrations or combinations harmful fo human, animal or equatfc life. Ohio 5.0-9.0 -- 95* -- 1.0 Color, Taste and Oder: Free from wastes that produce color or 2av.0e<radgaelh)r odor to a degree that creates a nuisance, bonds: Dissolved sotUfs must not exceed 1,00b mg/1.; monthly average; 750 mg./l. Must be free from floating or other wastes that settle to form putrescent or objectionable deposits or that are unsightly or deleterious. Toxic Substances: No wastes in concentrations or combinations harmful to Human, animat or aquatic life. Oklahoma 6.5-a.5 -- Oregon d.5-9.0 -- 93* 5" -- 2" (only if water' 70* or less) 4.0 Radioactivity: Average concentration at points of controlled ralasse shall not exceed State Board of Health Radiation Pro. taction Regulations. Turbidity: None that causes visible contrast with natural conditions. Color. None that is persistent In con centration* detrimental to Industrial use* T**te and Odor: No concentrations that would cause offensive odors in vicinity of water or otherwise Interfere with Industrial use. Solids; Free from floating debris, bottom deposits or other materials. Toxic Substances: None in quarttitle* that mek* water toxic to human, animal, plant or aquettc life. 5.0 Radiation: Shall not pose axternel hazard. Turbidity: 5 JCU above natural. Color, Taste and Odor; No objectionable discoloration or conditions esttietkalfy offensive to human tenses of taste or emeU. Solids: No floating solids, organic or inorganic deposits injurious to Industry. Toxic Substance*: No conditions Injurious to public health. Ptimtyivanla 6.0-9.0 -- 93* 2*/hr. * 4.0 5.0 (daihr average) Color, Taste sad Odor; No wastes that produce colors, tastes or odors in amounts harmful to industrial use, SeUdet Dissolved Solids must not exceed 750 mg./l.; monthly average: 500 mg./l. No floating wastes or substances that sattla to form sludge In amounts harmful to Industrial use. Toxic Substances: None In amounts harmful to industrial use. Rhode Island ,o-8.5 -- * South Carolina 6.0-8.5 -- 5.0-8.5 (swamps) -- 93.2* 4* )0** South Dakota 6.0-9.S 1.0 -- -- T*nneft** 6.0-9.0 1.0124 93' hrs.) to* Rata: 3V&I'. Taxn 5.0-s.s 5.0-9.0 (cooling water) -- _ 3.0* Radioactivity, Toxic Substances: No concentrations or combine 5,0* (Id hr*./ tlons harmful to human, animat 01 aquatic life. Turbidity, Tarto day) end Odors None in concentrations that would impair Industrial use. SoDds: No solid refuse, floating solid* or sludgo deposits. 3.0* 2.5* (swamps) Turbidity, Color, Taste end Odor: Free from wastes that change the existing turbidity or color or that produce taste or odor to such * degree as to causa a nuisance or interfere with industrial use. Solids: None from waste source* in amounts that are un* sightly, putrescent, odorous or that cause a nuisance or interfere with Industrial use. Toxic Substances: Free from wastes harmful to human, animal, plant or aquatic Ilia or that Interfere directly or indirectly with industrial use. -- Radioactivity; Nona permitted In water unless readily soluble or dispersible and in quantities allowed by federal or state agendas. Color, Taste and Oden No wastes that produce mate rial discoloration or undesirable odor*. Sonde: Dissolves solids must not exceed 2,000 mg./1. No wastes producing foaling solids, sludge deposits or other offensive effects. Toxic Sub stance*; None in concentrations toxic to human, animal or aquatic life. Enough to pra- Radioactivity: Nona that could adversely affect Industrial use. vent offensive Turbidity, Color: Mono hi amounts or concentrations that could conditions not be reduced to acceptable levels by conventional treatment. Testa and Odor; None that would result la tasta or odor that would prevent use for Industrial processing. Solids: Dissolved solids must not exceed 500 mg./l. No distinctly visible solids, bottom deposits or sludge banks that could be detrimental to industrial use. Toxic Substances: None that produce* toxic conditions that would adversely affect water for Industrial use, 4,0 Radioactivity: Regulated by Texas Radiation Control Act and Texes Regulations for Control of Radiation. Turbidity! No sub stantial increase due to wastes. Colon No substantial visible contrast with natural appearance of receiving waters after wastes receive best practical treatment. Taste and Odon No concentrations that produce offensive odors. Solids: Dissolved solids must not exceed 1.000 mg./]., unless water used only for coding. Must be essentially free from floating or settlsable suspended solids that would adversely affect Industrial ust. Toxic Substances: Shall not show acuta or chronic toxicity to humans, animals or aquatic life fo such an extent as to inter fere with JnduatriaJ ties- 84 Water quality standards pH Allowable Tmp*raturt"fJ allowabla uicr.. Bn O.W.IIon Mtnlmum ntmmnmblenl Dissolved ox/gen (minimum Other Requirement* mt./l.or %}________________________________________ _ ' Utah 6.5-9.o Vermont e.o-a.s -- Radioactivity: Shall not exceed 1/30 of MPC values for con tinuous occupational exposure m NBS Handbook 69. Turbidity. Color: No wastes in amounts that would chanoe exiting turbidity or color enough to create public nuisance or interfere with industrial use. Teste end Oder: No wastes n amounts that would produce taste or odor. Selftta No ffooting wastes that are un sightly or that interfere with industrial use; no wastes that settle to form unsightly or odorous sludge or bottom deposits. Toxic Substances: No wastes in concentrations or combinations toxic to human, animal, plant or aquatic life or that would interfere with Industrial use. 4* 3.0* S.O* day) (16 hr* t *' RadleactMtyi To be approved by appropriate slate agency. Turbkldy, Cota, Taste and Odars None in concentrations that would impair industrial use. Solid*: No floating solid*, sludge deposits or solid refuse. Toxic Substances: No chemical con. stltuents in concentrations or combinations harmful to human, animal or aquatic lift. Virginia 5.0-9.0 (asswloawmapss 4.3) 95* (unless No sudden 1.0* naturally changes that 2.0* (daily higher) coufa harm average) aquatic life Color. Taate and Oder: No wastes that change existing color or produce odor to such a degree as to create a nuisance or interfere with industrial use. Sold*; No floating wastes that are unsightly or create t nuisance or other wastes that settle to ferns unsightly, putrescent or odorous deposits. Toxic Sub* stances: No wastes in concentrations or combinations that would Interfere directly or indirectly With industrial use. Washington 6.S-9.5 0.5 70* t - no/ 6.5 or 70% Radioactivity, Toxic subatincett Below concentrations that could <T-lS)t adversely affect industrial use. Turbidity: Less than JO JCtf over natural conditions. Ceior. Taste and Odor, Solids; Dissolved, suspended, floating or submerged matter shall not reduce esthetic values so as to affect Industrial use. Wt! Virginia Process water: 5.5-9.0 Cooling water: 5.0-9.0 Wltcomln e.o-9.o .rer: 5* Rate: 73*<foec.- 2Vhr. PArporc)ess water (Dec.-Apr.) must permit fish passage 0.5 89* .0 (daily average) 1.0 2.0 (daily average) Color: None that Is objectionable. Taste and Odor: No objection able odors in vicinity of the water. Solids: No distinctly visible floating, settJeable or suspended solids of unreasonable htod or quantity. No objectionable bottom deposits or sludge banks. Toxic Substances: No concentrations of materials poisonous to hman, animat or tish life. Cotar, Taate and Oder: No materials producing color, testa or odor In amounts that would create o nuisance. SoUda: Ola* solved solid* must not exceed 1.009 mg./).; daily average: 7$0 mg./l. No floating or submerged debris or waste substances that would cause objectionable deposits in amounts to create a nuisance. Toxic Subtleness: Nona in concentrations or corn* binafions toxic to humans or of public health significance. Wyoming 6.&- S.S 2* (for streamsunp. r 70") 6.9 Radioactivity; Not to exceed 1/30 of NBS Handbook 69 veluaa. Turbidity: No more than 15 JCl) above natural (when turbidity is 1SOJCM or less); otherwise, no more than 10% above natural. Colon Essentially free of waste* that vteihly alter natural color of water or mpart color to vessels or structures. Taate end Odor: Casentialfy .res from substance* that would produce detectable odor at she of use. Sottdi: Essentially free from floating or SOfliMbl* solids that are unsightly or settle to form sludge, bank or bottom deposits. Teste tkfbalances: free from toxic substances in concentration* or combinations toxic to human, animal or aquatic life. * Standard reserved from Federal Water Rotation Control Administration approval. f t - total cumulative heat addition allowed from unnatural waste sources, at any point ihroughout the given stream roach. T - highest occurring temperature for a given period. In a specific itreamjeach. A.wb~b.r-e-.v-i~a.t.i.o..n..s.:. P- H8--.Fublic _H__e__a_l_th__S_e_rv_i_c_e_*_N__B_S---NIational Bureau of Standards; JCU--Jackson Candle Unit*: pc/1.--pleoeurtes per liter. Source: Water Quality Standard# of the United States. Territories, and the District of Columbia. American Public Health Assn., subcom mittee on Water Quality Control, and Engineering and Sanitation Section. Note: Specific limits for conforms. bMoglc oxygen demand, plant nutrients, oil, grease, scum, bottom deposits, pesticides, specific con ductance. carbon chloroform extract, synthetic detergents not mcluded. Some states set standards for each stream roach or nverbsain; in such cases, table shows leest stringent requirement. . This reprint is an excerpt from the "Plant Sites, '69" report that appeared in the October 29,1969 issue of CHEMICAL WEEK Copyright tV69 McGraw-Hill, Inc.. New York, N.Y. Thix article may not be reproduced without jtertnixsivn. 86 a r\ i /-#" mufiMinu PROl* |HAU. iOCMlOM) Gumming Pafcon - General Offices *att March 2, 1970 CC. CUSTOMER NOTIFICATION LETTER ON PCBs ICt TO : P C. Park W. B. Papageorge WAR 3 1970 M. W. Farrar D. A. Oleon W. E. Schalk J. E. Sprlnggate W, F. Naychoff CONFIDENTIAL The Plasticizer Group mailed a PCB notification letter to our direct Aroclor customers. 660 were mailed on February 27 1970 and one (Nelson Oil) was mailed on March 2, 1970. The Presidents of our distributors, namely: Central Solvents and Chemicals Great Western Chemical Tab Chemicals American Mineral Spirits Company were notified on February 24, 1970. i i i l fi' i | | | | | is s ! ; ; /dbw 9*6 Ht-ift mv tMIl 7 Cumming Paton -- 1&-, l i i i i a nr^t r\r\r\* nr\ TOWOLDMONOOQ3367