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i <' m CHAPTER 10 ' 1948 Guide ; ! . : .Table S. Physiologicai, Response to Gases and Vapors3 y :.o Concentrations in Parts of:Substance per Million Parts of Air.by Volume (ppm) Substance Acrolem_ -Ammonia- Amyl acetate- Aniline __ Arsine___ __ Benzene (benzol). Bromine- Butyl acetate___ Carbon dioxide... Carbon disulfide.. Carbon monoxide. Carbon tetrachloride!. Chlorine.! Dichlorobenzene._^_. Dichloroethyl ether!. Etlier (diethyl)__' Ethyl acetate...--..-- Ethyl alcohol!. Ethylene dichloride-- Formaldehyde__:___ ___ Gasoline..!__ '-`V- HHU.yy.d.d1rr_oo_gg__ee_nn_; cycihyu'aluoniri1idd,UeeC---4;----~--------- Hydrogen fluoride.--.---__ Hydrogen1 sulfide...._iiii!.... Methyl acetate..... --- .... Methyl alcohol (Methanol) Methyl bromide Methyl ^chloride.TM. Methylene chloride... Monochlorobenzene.Nitrobenzene__ :_ ` Nitrogen oxides. Phosgene______ . Phosphine_____ _ Styrenehy. Sulfur dioxide.. Tetrachloroethane..._______ Tetrachioroethylene.'.: T*owlAuuevnuet. (toluol). ___ _ Trichloroethylene...--; Turpentine.-..--i.--.;;^,, Xylene, (xylol)--___ Rapidly Fatal 2,000 5,000 250 20,000 500 i'oojoOo 2,000 4,000: 50,000 1,000 40,000 1,000 ...200 '"""eoo' 20,000 .150,000 300 50. 1,000 ~'400 7,000 20^000 "2o;ooo Dangerous to Life in H to 1 Hr . Maximum Allow able Concentration for Daily Exposures 100 2,500 "200' 10 0.5 : 100 . 200 5. 0.05 5.000 40 10,000 50,000 1.000 lOOh 1 200 5,000 20b 1,000 100*>.. 50 1. ; 50' ' 15 35,000. 10,000 ~_4.6o6` ,400`400 1,000 ; 100. i0b1 500 : 100 50 200 2,000 . 20,000 100 5 400 150 : TO 20 3 20>>.200 200b 20 100 .500 '75 11 25b 1 0.05 400b 10 5,000 "ihiioo 5 100 200 ; 200b . 100 200b Adapted from-. Manual of Industrial Hygiene, by W. M. Gafafer et al, U. S. Public Health Service (W. B. Saunders Co., 1943); Analytical Chemistry of Industrial Poisons, Hazards and Solvents, by M. B. Jacobs (Interscience Publishers, 1941); Noxious Gases, by Henderson and. Haggard (Reinhold Publishing Co., N. Y.. 1943), 1947 report of the Committee on Threshold Limits of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists; and other authoritative sources.- - t. Adopted by the American Standards Association-(American Standard Z-37).` prudent engineer will design equipment using these; values as the-upper: limits of air contamination, and will.incorporate a reasonable margin, of safety in his estimates,of yentilation capacity. ; .. . Information on the properties and'effects, with respect .to. health; of Air^Contarrunants 173 .Table 4. Maximum Allowable .Concentrations of. Dusts;;-Fumes and Mists*- Substance ... , Milligrams per Cubic-- Meter, Daily Exposures** Antimony.A.i......................... : ................... I- --............--........... ' 0.1 Arsenic; arsenic trioxide____ __J______: -------...................... ~0.15c . . Cadmium, and compounds. .............................. ........................ ..................0.1c ' " Chlorodiphenyls. __ ----------------- -------- --------- 1.0 -Chromic acid mist and Chromates (as CrOj)............................. 0.1. Fluorides'...................................... : ...... ................1---......... --..... 2.5 Lead; lead carbonate; lead chloride; lead nitrate; lead - 0.15c ' " oxides; lead"sulfate^ ------ -- ~ ------ Manganese, and compounds.............................................. ........-- 6.0C ; Mercury, and compounds. ......... ............ ----.------------ - 0.1 rentachloronaphthalene____________ __________ -----______-- ... Selenium....................... ............................................... ........................ . 0.5 ' o;i Tellurium. ......... ....... .......... :................... -.......... ....... :................... 0;1 'Trichloronaphthalene...:............... ''_ ____^......................... . ......... 5.0 Trinitrotoluene. .........L*.__11..'...................... ,,................................. 1:5 Zinc oxide fume........ .J.................. J--.......... -- -.......................... - - 15.0 ': Adapted from: Manual of Industrial Hygiene, by W. M. Gafafer, et al, U. S. PybHc.iHeaUh Service (W. B. Saunders Company,'1943); and other authoritative sources. ...................... ' Imilligramper cubic meter =* 0.44 grain'per 1000 cu ft. ` .................. .. . ........................ . `Adopted by the American Standards Association (American Standard Z~ZT). . vf ... Table 5. Maximum Allowable Concentrations of Dusts3 . Substance ........................ Million Particles per' Cubic-Foot-of Air, . - Daily Exposures*1 Aluminum oxide abrasive......-^-............. ........ .......................................... .........................1. 5-f1)00 . Carborundum (silicon carbide)......... -........... -.................................- ................... 15-100 : Cement. (Portland)..1 ................... ........... -.................... ............. ................. 50-100 Coal (less than 5 per cent quartz)................... ....................................... 50-100 ... .. ., Dusts containing less than 10 per cent free silica.^____________ .' Granite. .................. ..... ...... ............ -- ......................... Gypsum (hydrated calcium sulfate)___ :........................... ......-......... Limestone (calcium carbonate)................................................. ..............- Marble (calcium carbonate)_______________________.......................... io-ioo '. 10- 25 50-100.'. . '. 50-100 50^100 , . . Nuisancedusts (non-toxic, non-silica)............................. ,,............... Quartz (silicon dioxide). .............. ................... ;............................. Sand (silica, silicon dioxide)______________________ _______________ ... ...... Sandstone.'................................. ........... .... ................................. ..................... 10-100 u;?:; . . 50-1500 . - :. ... ..5.......... ' .5 ; Silica (free or uncombined silicon dioxide)____ ..........................' V": ....... 5 . Silicates (combined silicon dioxide) ..................:___________ 15-100 ... Slate........... -.................. _____________ i------------ ------ --.......... 15-100 .. Talc____ ______________ _______ ____ __ ' . '. 10-.50 Total (maximum concentration for mixed dusts) _____ ____ 50-100 . '; Adapted from: Study of Asbestosis in Asbestos Textile Industry, U. S: Public Health Service Bulletin No. 241, 1938; Industrial Dust, by Drinker and Hatch (McGraw Hill Book Co., 1936)4 Industrial Code- Bulletin No. 35, New York State Department of Labor; recommendations of state and local .industrial hygiene agencies compiled by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists; and other authoritative sources. ....................... -- --......... --- ................. includes only particles from 1 to 10 microns approximately, as determined by the light field microscope counting technic, using the 10X objective. Dark field counts (and the corresponding allowable concen trations) are anywhere from 2 to 100 times the light field counts for the same sample, according to the proportion of dust smaller than 1 micron (See Industrial Dust, Chapter VII, by Drinker and Hatch, Mc Graw Hill Book Co.). specific industrial air contaminants has developed; rapidly within -the past decade into an . extensive, literature. . Some of : the morei'.readily available publications are listed at the end of this chapter; '. ;1 -