Document byjv7LR4gwYBy3xyOaKR98Zg6
anglogold
REFERENCE NUMBER: MK ENV 01092002
POTENTIAL AIRBORNE POLLUTANTS EVALUATION RESULTS
IDENTIFICATION, SAMPLING, ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF EXPOSURE TO POTENTIAL AIRBORNE POLLUTANTS
Conducted in terms of the "Guideline for the compilation of a Mandatory Code of Practice for an Occupational
Health Programme on Personal Exposure to Airborne Pollutants " (DME Reference Number: 16/3/2/4-A1)
Compiled by: Approved by: Approved on:
T van Dyk (Airborne Pollutant COP Co-ordinator) J van Niekerk (Airborne Pollutant COP Committee member) JJ Dekker (Chairman: AngloGold SA Region Dust Steering Committee) 17/01/2003
CONTENT
1.0 PURPOSE 2.0 INTRODUCTION 3.0 SURVEY METHODOLOGY 4.0 STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS 5.0 FINDINGS 6.0 CONCLUSION
Page
3 3 3 4 4 5
ANNEXES
1. MANDATORY CODE OF PRACTICE FOR AN OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE PROGRAMME ON PERSONAL EXPOSURE TO AIRBORNE POLLUTANTS
2. HEGS IDENTIFICATION DOCUMENT 3. AIRBORNE POLLUTANTS WITH AN EXISTING DATABASE 4. AIRBORNE POLLUTANTS NOT LISTED AS HAZARDOUS ON
NIOSH DATABASE 5. AIRBORNE POLLUTANTS TO BE EVALUATED DURING NEXT
REVISION OF THE COP 6. WORKING MEMBERS OF THE COMMITTEE 7. ANALYSIS REPORT 8. EVALUATION RESULTS
6 - 31
32 - 180 181 - 213 214
215
216 217 - 230 231 - 236
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1.0. PURPOSE
To identify and evaluated occupational health risks associated with airborne pollutants at the various underground operations of the AngloGold West Wits and Vaal River Regions.
2.0. INTRODUCTION
An Airborne Pollutant Code of Practice (COP) was compiled for each underground operation. The aim of the COP is to protect and improve the health of employees at the mines, by monitoring and reducing their exposure to airborne pollutants. The COP should assist the employer to establish and maintain a system of occupational hygiene measurements with respect to airborne pollutants.
3.0. SURVEY METHODOLOGY
Refer to the Department of Minerals and Energy (DME) and the AngloGold Airborne Pollutant COP for survey methodology (Annexure1).
A list of potential airborne pollutant sources at underground operations (Refer to Annexure 2) were compiled and individual exposures of employees (213 Occupations) to 310 potential pollutant sources were measured. The total amount of potential pollutant sources was divided between the seven underground operations for measurement. The results obtained during this survey will highlight all significant exposures to airborne pollutants, which will be the basis for the compilation of occupational hygiene measurement program.
Not all the identified airborne pollutant sources were evaluated: For four (4) pollutants a database already exist as part of our current monitoring systems (Annexure 3). Fourteen (14) pollutants (Annexure 4) were listed as not being hazardous on the NIOSH database. Nine (9) potential pollutant sources (Annexure 5) were not available for evaluation or the media for the measurement thereof were not available.
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The various airborne pollutants were then identified per task, together with their health hazards and the exposure risks by a working committee. The members of the working committee are listed in Annexure 6.
Sample analysis was done by FHG Scientific Services (Annexure 7). Sampling and analysis methodology were performed according to international accepted standards.
4.0. STATUTORYREQUIREMENTS
According to the Codebook of the South African Mines Occupational Hygiene Program (SAMOHP) issued by the Department of Minerals and Energy, the employer must establish and maintain a system of occupational hygiene measurements, as contemplated in Section 12. An occupational hygiene-monitoring program must be implemented when the following airborne pollutant limits are reached (Table 1):
Table 1 Airborne Pollutant Particles Gases & Vapours
Limit > 1/10 of Occupational Exposure Limit > 1/2 of Occupational Exposure Limit
5.0. FINDINGS
Measurement results are reflected in Annexure 8. From the evaluation results it is clear that specific investigations must be conducted for the following activities:
Welding (Cadmium = 3500% of OEL) Electrocleaning (Tetrachloro-ethylene =1352% of OEL, Xylene = 90.8% of OEL
and Hydrocarbons = 295% of OEL). Galvanised welding (Potassium = 17% of OEL and Zinc = 39.4% of OEL).
The specific investigation must be conducted as per section 4.1.3 and Figure 1 of the operation specific "Mandatory Code of Practice for an Occupational Hygiene Programme on Personal Exposure to Airborne Pollutants".
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Exposure to Blasting Fumes (Annexure 3) must be controlled as per the operations currently implemented administrative controls (e.g. blasting schedules, withdrawal of employees, etc.) as well as applicable managerial instructions. Adherence to these standards will result in no exposure to harmful pollutants. Exposure to diesel fumes must be evaluated after completion of SIMRAC Report GEN 010 (Control of Diesel Exhaust in Underground Workings).
6.0. CONCLUSION
Of the 310 identified potential pollutant sources only three activities with exposures greater than the OEL were identified. Specific investigations must be conducted for these activities. Exposure to Airborne Pollutants indicated in Annexure 5, as well as Blasting Fumes, were not measured and must be evaluated during the next revision of the COP. Although not specifically evaluated during this process, exposure to respirable dust will be controlled and monitored as per the process described in the Mandatory Code of Practice for an Occupational Hygiene Programme on personal exposure to Airborne Pollutants (Annexe 1).
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ANNEXE 1 MANDATORY CODE OF PRACTICE FOR AN OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE PROGRAMME ON PERSONAL EXPOSURE TO AIRBORNE POLLUTANTS
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anglogold
Mine Logo
XXXXX MINE
MANDATORY CODE OF PRACTICE FOR AN OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE PROGRAMME ON PERSONAL EXPOSURE TO AIRBORNE POLLUTANTS
Status of this Code of Practice:
This Code of Practice was drawn up in accordance with guideline Department of Minerals and Energy Reference Number DME 16/3/2/4-A1 issued by the Chief Inspector of Mines,
This is a mandatory Code of Practice in terms of section 9(2) and (3) of the Mine Health and Safety Act. 1996 (Act no.29 of 1996),
This Code of Practice may be used in an investigation / inquiry to ascertain and also to establish whether the Code of Practice is effective and fit for purpose,
This Code of Practice supersedes all previous relevant Code of Practices, All managerial instructions, recommended procedures and standards on the relevant topics
must comply with this Code of Practice and must be reviewed to ensure compliance.
REV
Draft 01
DESCRIPTION OF REVISION
Original
REVISION DATE
EFFECTIVE DATE
Not later than 01-07-2002
APPROVED BY MANAGER
Date:
Signature:
MK ENV 01092002
TABLE OF CONTENT
1. MEMBERS OF THE DRAFTING COMMITTEE
2. GENERAL INFORMATION
2.1 Description of Mine and its location. 2.2 Commodities produced 2.3 Mining method 2.4 General ventilation arrangements 2.5 Related Codes of Practices and other Management Standards
3. DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS
4. RISK MANAGEMENT / OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMME
4.1 Occupational Hygiene Programme 4.1.1 Identification 4.1.2 Evaluation 4.1.3 Control 4.1.4 Personal Exposure Monitoring 4.1.4.1 Determination of HEGs and sampling frequency 4.1.4.2Personal Exposure Sampling 4.1.4.3 Sampling Strategy 4.1.4.4Sampling Methodology 4.1.4.5Analysis Methodology
4.1.5 Reporting and Recording 4.1.5.1Activity area assessment records and reports 4.1.5.2Mandatory DME reports
4.2 Occupational Health Programme (Medical Surveillance) 4.2.1 Linkage between occupational hygiene and medical surveillance 4.2.2 Code of Practice for Medical Examinations and Medical Surveillance 4.2.3 Occupational Medicine Manual
5. IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
6. COMPLIANCE WITH THIS COP
7. ACCESS TO THE COP AND RELATED DOCUMENTS
8. REVIEW
APPENDIX A - List of related codes of practices and management standards
Page
3
4 4 4 4 4
5
6 8 8
9 11 11 11 12
12 12
12 12 13
13
13
13
14
15 16
17 18
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APPENDIX B - Identification of mechanisation and the potential pollutants associated with it and other sources
APPENDIX C - Determining the 90th percentile by utilising Microsoft Excel APPENDIX D - Reference to sampling and analysis methodology and
quality control program APPENDIX E - Detailed implementation plan APPENDIX F - Reference documents
19 20
21 22
EXAMPLE 1 - Determination of sampling frequency EXAMPLE 2 - Explanation on the use of the 90th percentile value
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1. MEMBERS OF THE DRAFTING COMMITTEE
In terms of section 9(4) of the Mine Health and Safety Act, the Employer consulted with the Health and Safety Committee on the preparation, implementation and / or revision of this Code of Practice.
After consultation with the Health and Safety Committee the Employer appointed a Drafting Committee responsible for drafting this Code of Practice.
The Drafting Committee consisted of the following members:
Full Name
e.g. Jacobus Johan Dekker
Designation
Environmental Safety and Health Manager
Affiliation/s
Anglogold Corporate Office
Experience
Mine Occupational Hygienist since November 1988
NOTE: It is suggested that at least the following persons be included in the drafting committee: Mine Occupational Hygienist Mine Occupational Health Practitioner Mine Legal Co-ordinator
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2. GENERAL INFORMATION
2.1 Description of Mine and its location:
XXXXX Mine is a gold mine situated in the ??? Province near town / city.
Mining
takes place at a mean rock-breaking depth of ???? meters. Production from stoping and
development amounts to approximately ???? tons per month.
2.2 Commodities produced: Gold, Uranium, Sulphuric Acid, etc.
2.3 Mining method: The following mining methods are utilised: Breast stoping - Conventional drilling and blasting Multi-blast development - Hydropower drilling and conventional blasting Slime dam recovery - Water jetting and enclosed pipe transportation Gold recovery - Carbon in leach metallurgical plant Etc.
The results of the investigations, into the extend of mechanisation, and the potential pollutants associated with the mechanisation will be (after proper investigation - see section 4) filed in the office of the Mine Occupational Hygienist.
2.4 General ventilation arrangements: The mine is ventilated by quantity & duty surface exhaust fans. An additional quantity auxiliary fans are utilised to direct the ventilation flow.
2.5 Related Codes of Practices and other Management Standards: Other related Codes of Practices and Management Standards are listed in Appendix A.
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3. DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS (note: delete those not applicable)
"airborne pollutant" means any substance in the air that is harmful to health, including dust, fumes, aerosols, gases, fibres, vapours or mists;
"analysis methodology" means analysis techniques used to quantify a pollutant collected on or in sampling media (e.g. gas chromatography/mass spectrometry);
"COP" means Code of Practice;
"DME" means the Department of Minerals and Energy;
"dose" means the amount of a pollutant to which a person is exposed;
"exposure" means the subjection of a person to an airborne pollutant in the course of employment through any route of entry (e.g. inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, or absorption);
"HEG" means a homogeneous exposure group;
"homogeneous exposure group " means a group of employees who experience pollutant exposures similar enough that monitoring exposures of any representative sub group of employees in the group provides data useful for predicting exposures of the remaining employees;
"Mine Occupational Hygienist" means the person appointed in terms of section 12(1) of the MHSA;
"Mine Occupational Medical Practitioner" means the person appointed in terms of section 13(3) of the MHSA;
"MOHAC" means Mining Occupational Health Advisory Committee;
"monitoring" means the repetitive and continued observation, measurement, and evaluation of health and/or environmental or technical data, according to prearranged schedules, using nationally or internationally acceptable methodologies;
"MHSA" means Mine Health and Safety Act, 1996 (Act No.29 of 1996);
"NIOSH" means the United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health;
"SAMOHP" means the South African Mines Occupational Hygiene Programme Codebook;
"significant airborne pollutant" means any airborne pollutant to which any employee is exposed in concentrations equal to or exceeding the hazard limits contemplated in regulation 9.2.1.;
"90th percentile" means the value which must be used to determine when HEG's need to be re-classified. This value can be calculated by: 1) using Microsoft Excel programme (percentile function); or 2) first placing all sample results in order from the lowest concentration to the highest concentration (i.e.,
concentration of specific contaminants). Next, assign each sample result a number, starting with the number 1 for the lowest concentration result up to the highest concentration being given the number equal to the total number of samples collected in that HEG. Multiply the total number of samples collected by 0.9. The sample result with the number corresponding to this calculated value is the 90th percentile.
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4. RISK MANAGEMENT / OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMME
The Occupational Health Programme for personal exposure to airborne pollutants is summarised in figure 1.
4.1 Occupational Hygiene Programme.
Appendix B is attached to this COP to assist the Mine Occupational Hygienist in conducting the risk assessment.
4.1.1 Identification.
a) The Mine will be sub-divided into sampling areas. e.g. Surface = Sampling Area 1 (or "S1" for surface sampling area 1)
Underground Ventilation District 1 = Sampling Area 2 (or "VD1" for underground ventilation district 1).
b) Each sampling area will then be sub-divided in Activity Areas, as per the Activity Area Code List found in SAMOHP, part B, section 3. e.g. Sampling Area 2 = Underground Ventilation District 2 = VD2 This sampling area has 3 Activity Areas, namely: - Stoping [08], - Development (Single Shift) [09], and - Ground Handling (Conveyor/Loco's) [15]
c) The potential pollutant sources (e.g. task being performed, type of tools / mechanisation being utilised, etc.) for each Activity Area will be identified.
d) The potential pollutants for each pollutant source will be identified.
e) The characteristic properties of each potential pollutant will be identified. This includes it's: - Airborne nature (e.g. gas, fume, vapour, mist, fibre, dust, etc), - Route of entry (e.g. inhalation, absorption, ingestion, etc), and - Health effects that it can have on employees (e.g. asthma, cancer, pneumoconiosis, ocular, etc).
f) The following information sources may be utilised to identify the pollutant sources, the potential pollutants and the characteristic properties of the potential pollutants: - Mine Occupational Hygienist professional judgement, - Accident statistics and investigation reports, - Research reports, - Manufacturers specifications and reference documentation, - Design criteria and performance figures for equipment, - Material Safety Data Sheets, - Etc.
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4.1.2 Evaluation.
a) The Pollutant Concentration (PC) for each potential pollutant will be calculated as follows:
Average pollutant concentration PC for a single pollutant =--------------------------------------------- x 100
OEL (Legal Limit)
b) The Air Quality Index (AQI) will be calculated (as indicated below) when two or more pollutants; with additive effects; are present.
Pollutant Index (PI)
Average pollutant concentration = ---------------------------------------------
OEL (Legal Limit)
AQI = PIl + PI2 + PI3 + ... + Pin
c) The average pollutant concentration can be obtained from previously measured data. Where no previous data exist, measurements / samples will be taken in accordance with an acceptable international method (e.g. NIOSH Occupational Exposure Sampling Strategy Manual, British Standard BS EN 689:1996, etc).
d) The results obtained in sections 4.1.1.a and 4.1.1.b will then be utilised to determine the classification band for each pollutant in the specific activity area. The classification band table as indicated in SAMOHP - Part A - Section 2.1.3 will be utilised for this purpose.
4.1.3 Control.
a) The Mine Occupational Hygienist will determine how the significant airborne pollutants, identified in the risk assessment process, must be dealt with.
b) As far as reasonably practicable: - attempts will first be made to eliminate the risk, - thereafter to control or isolate the risk at source, - thereafter to minimise the risk, - thereafter, insofar as the risk remains, to provide personal protective equipment, and to institute a programme to monitor the risk and related controls.
c) The Mine Occupational Hygienist shall draw up and co-ordinate the implementation of a formal action plan to reduce or maintain exposures to below the OEL's.
d) Where controls of any sort is utilised to reduce the airborne pollutant exposure concentrations the Mine Occupational Hygienist shall implement a program to ensure that the controls are: - Maintained at regular intervals,
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- Inspected and tested for efficiency at regular intervals.
e) Records of the action plans and progress reports shall be filed in the office of the Mine Occupational Hygienist.
4.1.4 Personal Exposure Monitoring
4.1.4.1Determination of HEGs and sampling frequency.
a) A summary of the HEG and sampling frequency determination process is illustrated in figure 2 and an example is represented in example 1.
b) HEG determination will only be done for: - Single pollutants with a Pollutant Concentration > 10%, and - Pollutants with additive effects with an AQI > 0,1.
c) The Activity Areas will be determined as per sections 4.1.3.1.a and b of this COP.
d) The Pollutant Concentration and Air Quality Index will be calculated as per sections 4.1.3.2.a to c of this COP.
e) The measured airborne pollutant 90th percentile value for each activity area will be calculated. (See Appendix C for methodology).
f) The average pollutant concentration and the Classification band table (SAMOHP Part A - Section 2.1.3) will be utilised to determine the classification category for each pollutant.
g) Employees with the same classification band for the same pollutant, within the same activity area will then form one HEG.
h) HEGs will be clearly demarcated on a plan or sketch or description document. This plan or sketch or description document will be made available in the office of the Mine Occupational Hygienist. Where chemical processes are involved, a flow chart of the process will be made available in the office of the Mine Occupational Hygienist.
i) The average pollutant concentration and the Mandatory Frequency of sampling table (SAMOHP - Part A - Section 2.1.4) will be utilised to obtain the personal monitoring sampling frequency for each HEG.
j) HEGs will be re-assessed and / or re-classified when: - the 90th percentile indicates the need (see example 2 for explanation); - exposure levels change due to controls being initiated and likewise when controls
deteriorate;
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FIGURE 2
DETERMINATION OF HEG's AND SAMPLING FREQUENCY
START
Sub- divide Mine into Sampling Areas
Sub- divide Sampling
Review existing OR conduct new personal
........ Areas into Activity ........ monitoring survey in each Activity Area
Areas
for each significant airborne pollutant.
Multiple Pollutants with additive effects
Determine the PI for each of the significant ^____airborne pollutants^
Determine Personal Monitoring Sampling
HfAmiAnpy
Single Pollutant
Determine the Classification Bands for
Employees with same classification band for same pollutant =
SAME (one) HEG
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- employee complaints are received; - processes are changed (e.g. change in procedures, mining and ventilation layouts,
mining methods, plant, equipment or material); - occupational illness occurs; - a change in exposure category occurs; and - other events warranting re-evaluation occurs (i.e. new technological data and new
regulatory initiatives). - re-classification will only be done if results are proven and consistent.
4.1.4.2
Personal Exposure Sampling
a) Accurate, meaningful samples, which are representative of all full working shifts
for each HEG, will be obtained from personal
monitoring.
b) The exposures measured (dose allocated) for any individual employee within that HEG will be allocated to the Hygiene record/s of that specific employee and to all the other employees within that HEG.
c) For a given HEG samples will be randomly assigned covering all shifts (to different employees on different days over the monitoring time period). All job categories within a HEG will be randomly sampled on each shift.
d) The Mine Occupational Hygienist will determine whether additional samples need to be taken in order to increase the confidence that HEGs are appropriately categorised.
4.1.4.3 Sampling Strategy
A sampling strategy including a monitoring schedule for each HEG will
compiled
for the cycle period, and records thereof will kept in the office of the Mine Occupational
Hygienist for a period of at least two years.
4.1.4.4 Sampling Methodology
a) For each significant pollutant identified, an appropriate sampling methodology, which complies with internationally compatible best practice, will be selected and implemented.
b) The relevant methodology chosen for each significant pollutant identified will be listed in Appendix D.
c) A quality control programme for the sampling methodology, compatible with internationally acceptable methodology will be developed, implemented and also referenced in Appendix D.
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4.1.4.5 Analysis Methodology
a) For each significant pollutant identified, an appropriate analysis methodology, which complies with internationally compatible best practice, will be selected, implemented and also referenced in Appendix D.
b) A laboratory that is accredited in terms of the South African National Accreditation System (S.A.N.A.S) to do so, will be contracted to do the sample analysis.
4.1.5 Reporting and Recording
4.1.5.1 Activity area assessment records and reports.
A record keeping system, which records the history of each activity area for a period of at least 5 years, will be kept in the office of the Mine Occupational Hygienist. This system will include information on the following:
- Reasons for any deviation of sample results (e.g. controls not operating effectively, events or factors which have influenced the results),
- Hierarchy of Controls initiated (description of method used e.g. elimination, engineering controls, administrative controls, personal protective equipment).
4.1.5.2 Mandatory DME reports.
Reports will be submitted to the DME in the format and at the frequencies as described in SAMOHP - Part A.
4.1 Occupational Health Programme (Medical Surveillance).
4.2.1 Linkage between occupational hygiene and medical surveillance
a) The Integrated Risk Management System (IRMS) Occupational Hygiene Modules will be utilised to link personal monitoring to medical records.
b) Effective communication between the Mine Occupational Hygienist and the Occupational Medical Practitioner will be established to ensure that exposure history and medical manifestation of systems are meaningful.
4.2.2. Code of Practice for Medical Examinations and Medical Surveillance.
The Code of Practice for the Establishment of a System of Medical Surveillance (also available on the Anglogold Intranet site at http://172.18.212.22/ahs/Documents/COP Medical Surveillance.doc) describes how the following examinations required by the MHSA will be conducted at the mine:
a) Initial examination - in terms of section 13(2)(c) of the MHSA. b) Periodic examination - in terms of section 13(2)(c) of the MHSA. c) Exit examination - in terms of section 17 and 19(2) of the MHSA.
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4.2.3 Occupational Medicine Manual.
The Occupational Medicine Manual (also available on the Anglogold Intranet site at http://172.18.212.22/ahs/default.asp) describes:
a) The methodological standards for the test techniques forming part of the medical surveillance program.
b) How lung function testing will be conducted. c) The Tuberculosis surveillance program. d) The system of medical surveillance that combines the requirements of medical
surveillance for different significant hazards in such a way that these requirements are met effectively and efficiently.
5. IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
5.1 The Mine Health and Safety Committee will draw up a detailed implementation plan to effectively ensure compliance with the requirements of this COP. (see Appendix F for suggested format)
5.2 The Mine Occupational Hygienist will monitor compliance of the completion dates (as indicated in the implementation plan) and report any deviations to the Mine Health and Safety Committee for action.
6. COMPLIANCE WITH THIS COP The Mine Occupational Hygienist will conduct audits (at least once per annum) to monitor and ensure compliance with this COP.
7. ACCESS TO THE COP AND RELATED DOCUMENTS 7.1 The complete COP and related documents will be kept in the office of the Mine Occupational Hygienist and will be made readily available for examination by any affected person (describe the process).
7.2 A registered trade union with members at the mine or where there is no such union, a health and safety representative on the mine, or, if there is no health and safety representative, an employee representing the employees on the mine, will be provided with a copy of the COP (on written request to the manager).
7.3 A register will be kept (in the office of the Legal Co-ordinator) of such persons or institutions with copies to facilitate updating of such copies.
7.4 The Manager (employer) will ensure that all employees are fully conversant with those sections of the COP relevant to their respective areas of responsibilities.
8. REVIEW
8.1 This COP will be reviewed at least annually.
8.2 The COP will also be reviewed when:
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- employee complaints are received; - processes are changed (e.g. change in procedures, mining and ventilation layouts,
mining methods, plant, equipment or material); - an increase in existing occupational illness occurs; - new occupational illnesses are reported; - other events warranting review occurs (i.e. new technological data and new
regulatory initiatives). 8.3 All the related documents (as referenced in Appendix A) will be reviewed very time
that this COP is reviewed.
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APPENDIX A
LIST OF RELATED CODES OF PRACTICES AND MANAGEMENT STANDARDS
(Forms part of this COP)
Document Title
e-gCrystalline Silica, Occupational Health Modus Operandi Lead Guideline
Reference Number
Mine reference AG SA Met 2.1
Revision Number Date
0 01 August 2001
Status of document
Modus Operandi Guideline
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APPENDIX B
IDENTIFICATION OF MECHANISATION AND THE POTENTIAL POLLUTANTS ASSOCIATED WITH IT AND OTHER SOURCES (Risk Assessment Performa - Assistance document)
Mine Name:_________________________ Sampling area number:_______________ Sampling area description:____________
Report reference number: Compiled by: Date:
IDENTIFICATION
Activity area code (1)
Activity area description (1)
Task / Activity being performed
Potential Pollutant Sources
Number
123
Description
Pollutant Code (2)
Pollutant Description
(2)
4
Pollutant Airborne nature Possible exposure pathways Possible health effects
(1) - SAMOHP, Part B, Section 3
(2) - SAMOHP, Part B, Section 5
EVALUATION Source Pollutant Number Code
Measured exposure
Legal Limit Pollutant (3) Concentratio
n (PC)
56
Air Quality Index (AQI)
Classification
Band Category (4)
(3) - Schedule 22.9(2)(a) of MHSA
(4) - SAMOHP, Part A, Section 2.1.3
CONTROL
Action Required
What
By when
Name
Responsible Person
Designation
Signature
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Additional remarks (if any):
Mine Occupational HygienistESH Manager
Section Manager
Mine Manager
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APPENDIX C
DETERMINING THE 90th PERCENTILE BY UTILIZING MICROSOFT EXCEL (Assistance document) To install the Analysis ToolPak: On the Tools menu, select Add-Ins. If Analysis ToolPak is not listed in the Add-Ins dialog box, click Brows and locate the drive,
folder name, and file name for the Analysis ToolPak Add-Ins, Analys32.xll (usually located in the Library\Analysis folder, or run the Setup program if it isn't installed. Select the Analyses ToolPak check box. To use the Analyses ToolPak: Before using the analysis tool, you must first arrange the data you want to analyse in one column (e.g. A1 to A40 - if you have 40 values that you want to analyse). On the Tools menu, click Data Analyses. In the Analysis Tools box, select the Rank and Percentile tool. Enter the input range (e.g. A1 toA40). Select the Grouped by Columns option. Select the output range (e.g. B1 to B40). Select OK. In the Percent column, select the % value closest to 90%. The Column 1 value corresponding with this selected % value is the 90th percentile.
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APPENDIX D
REFERENCE TO SAMPLING AND ANALYSIST METHODOLOGY AND QUALITY
CONTROL PROGRAM (Forms part of this COP)
Pollutant Code (1) Description
Sampling
Quality Control Program
Description
Reference
Anaylsis
e-g. 552 Quartz Silica Personal
Guidelines for
GME 16/2/3/2/3
NIOSH 7500
(1) - SAMOHP, Part B, Section 5
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APPENDIX E
DETAILED IMPLEMENTATION PLAN (Assistance document)
Action Required
Completion
Responsible Person Name Designation Signature
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APPENDIX F
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS (for information only) 1. Guidelines for the gravimetric sampling of airborne particulate for risk assessment in terms of
the Occupational Diseases in Mines and Works act No 78 of 1973 Reference: GME 16/2/3/2/3 2. NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods - 4th edition - C. QUALITY ASSURANCE 3. Occupational Exposure Sampling Strategy Manual - NIOSH PB 274 792 US Department of Health, Education and Welfare 4. SIMRAC Project - Practical Guide to the Risk Assessment Process 5. South African Mines Occupational Hygiene Programme Codebook (SAMOHP)
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EXAMPLE 1
DETERMINATION OF SAMPLING FREQUENCY
Step
Action
1 Sampling Area = Underground Ventilation District 1 (VD1)
Section of this COP
4.1.3.1.a)
2 Activity Area = Stoping [08]
4.1.3.1.b)
3 Potential Pollutant Source = Drilling
4.1.3.1.c)
4 Potential Pollutant = Crystalline Quartz Silica [552]
4.1.3.1.d)
5 Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL) for Crystalline Quartz 4.1.3.2.a) Silica = 0,1 mg/m3
6 Historical data for pollutant 552 (Crystalline Quartz Silica) = 4.1.3.2.c)
Sample No. 1
2
3
4
TWA (mg/m3)0,01 0,02 0,05 0,1
56
7
0,11 0,06 0,07
Sample No. 8
9
10
TWA (mg/m3)0,01 0,11 0,1
Average 0,064 mg/m3
7 0,064 Pollutant Concentration (PC) = ----------- x 100 0,1
4.1.3.2.a)
= 64 % of OEL
8 Classification Band Category = B
4.1.3.2.d)
9 Sampling Frequency = 5% of employees on a 6 monthly 4.1.3.4.1.i)
basis with a
minimum of 5 samples
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EXAMPLE 2
EXPLANATION ON THE USE OF THE 90th PERCENTILE VALUE
The 90th percentile value is only utilised as a test mechanism to determine if a HEG is correctly populated.
A HEG is only correctly populated if the Pollutant Concentration (calculated by both the average concentrations AND the 90th percentile value) results in the same classification band category.
FOR EXAMPLE,
The following sample results were obtained from HEG 1 after 3 months of sampling:
Sample Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Average 90th Percentile
TWA (mg/m3) 0,01 0,02 0,02 0,03 0,04 0,05 0,09 0,09 0,11 0,11 0,057 0,11
Average concentration Pollutant Concentration (PC) = ------------------------------- x 100
OEL
0,057 = ------- x 100
0,1
= 57 %
Thus, classification band category = B
BUT PC calculated by means of the 90th percentile value
0,11 --- x 100 = 110 % 0,1
Thus, classification band category now = A
REMEMBER that both classification band categories must be the same!
MK ENV 01092002
After investigation HEG 1 was divided into 2 separate HEGs, with the following results:
PC by means of Classification band category
HEG 1a Sample No
1 2 3 4 5 6 Average 90th Percentile Average 90th Percentile Average 90th Percentile
TWA 0,01 0,02 0,02 0,03 0,04 0,05 0,028 0,04 28 % 40 %
C C
HEG 1b
Sample No
TWA
7 0,09
8 0,09
9 0,11
10 0,11
PC by means of Classification band category
Average 90th Percentile Average 90th Percentile Average 90th Percentile
0,1 0,11 100% 110%
A A
From the above it is clear that HEG 1 needs to be re-populated into HEG 1a and HEG 1b.
MK ENV 01092002
ANNEXURE 2 HEGS IDENTIFICATION DOCUMENT
HEG Identification :
TRACKLESS MINING (13)
Activity Description Activity Area Code Occupations Load haul dump driver Loader driver
Code 21106 21104
Chemicals Involved
Pollutant
Pollutant Name
Nature
Code
Possible Exposure Pathways
Dust
Dust Inhalation or
eye contact
Health Effects
Coughing & mild irritation. Eye contact may result in tears and mild irritation to the eyes.
Silica Dust (respirable )
522
Dust
Inhalation, skin and/or eye contact
Coughing and mild irritation. Skin contact may result in granulomas. Silicoses may occur with prolonged exposure.
Source
Blasting, scraping, tipping, drilling, transport, travelling, spillage. Blasting, scraping, tipping, drilling, transport, travelling,
Physical Description
Finely divided solid matter.
Exposure Limits
OEL = 1 mg/m3 STEL = n/a
CAS Number
Colourless to white, green, purple or black crystals. Odourless.
OEL =0.1mg/m3
14808 60-7
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Pollutant Name Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects Carsinogenogen.
Diesel fumes
Mist Inhalation Vapour
Carcinogen
Source
spillage.
Diesel machinery
Ammonia
24
Gas Inhalation,
Corrosive gas - may be Blasting
ingestion
fatal if inhaled. Lung operations
(solution), skin injury. Severe
and/or eye
respiratory tract irritant.
contact
Irritating to the nose and
(solution/liquid) throat. Mildly irritating
to moist skin - blisters
may occur.
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Colourless oily NO2-
liquid. May burn OEL=5mg/m3
if strongly
STEL=9mg/m3
heated.
SO2-OEL=5mg/m3
STEL=13mg/m3
NO
OEL=30mg/m3
STEL=45mg/m3
CO
OEL=55mg/m3
DIESEL
PARTICULATE
MATTER OEL= ?
Colourless gas OEL = 17 mg/m3 7664-41
with a sharp,
STEL = 24mg/m3 7
pungent,
suffocating,
intensely
irritating odour.
Colourless liquid
under pressure
but can
decompose at
high temperature
to form very
flammable
hydrogen and
toxic nitrogen
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Pollutant Name Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
Physical Description
dioxide.
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Carbon oil
43
Hydraulic Fluid
Liquid Inhalation,
Harmful when inhaled Engineering
Vapour ingestion
or swallowed. Central operations
(solution), skin nervous system
and/or eye
depressant. It causes
contact
headache, nausea,
(solution/liquid) dizziness, drowsiness,
and confusion. It may
cause blood and bone
marrow effects.
Aspiration hazard.
Prolonged exposure may
result in dermatitis.
Carcinogen & Mutagen.
Liquid Mist Vapour
Inhalation Skin and/or eye contact Ingestion
It is mildly irritating to the skin and eyes. Inhalation may result in mild irritation of the upper respiratory tract. This product is slightly toxic when swallowed.
LHD machinery Engineering operations
Clear and
Toluene-
colourless liquid. OEL=188mg/m3
Aromatic
STEL = 560mg/m3
hydrocarbon
Tetrachloroethylene
odour. Vapour -OEL=335mg/m3
is heavier than STEL =
air, thus might 1000mg/m3
spread long
EthylBenzene-
distances. Liquid OEL=435
can float on
STEL = 545mg/m3
water, thus might Xylene-OEL=435
spread fire.
STEL = 650mg/m3
Decompose at
high temperature
and forming
toxic gases.
Amber
None available
lubricating
liquid. It has a
hydrocarbon
odour. Is
oxidating.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Pollutant Name Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Degreaser
Gas Inhalation, skin
Mist and/or eye
contact
Mineral oil
450
Gas Mist
Inhalation, skin and/or eye contact
Health Effects
May cause pain and irritation to the skin and eyes. Inhalation may cause headache, dizziness, anesthesia, and unconsciousness. Repeated exposure may cause kidney and liver effects. Pulmonary irritation may occur and dermatitis may result from repeated exposure. Skin, eye and lung irritation.
Source Engineering operations
Engineering operations
Grease
298
Welding fumes 598
Fluid Inhalation Skin
Fumes Inhalation
Mild skin and eye irritation. Inhalation of smoke contaminated with grease may cause throat irritation, coughing and tightness in chest. Lungs may become irritated from fluorine components. Metal fume fever: Muscle pains Shivering Chest tightness
Engineering operations
Welding operations
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Colourless liquid Not applicable with an irritating odour. It is slightly soluble in water. Corrosive.
Colourless to light brown liquid. It is flammable. White dense and viscous fluid
OEL = 5 mg/m3 STEL = 10 mg/m3
Not applicable
OEL = 5 mg/m3
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Pollutant Name Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects Feverishness
Source
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Aerosol Paint
Liquid Inhalation Skin May cause skin and eye Marking off
Vapour and/or eye
irritation. When inhaled
Fumes contact
or ingested person may
Mist Ingestion
suffer from severe
respiratory distress as
well as central nervous
system depression.
Prolonged and/or
repeated skin contact
may cause dermatitis.
Various colours Not applicable Flammable
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Pollutant Name Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
White wash
Liquid Inhalation Skin May cause skin and eye, For fire
Vapour and/or eye
nose and throat
retardant
Mist contact
irritation. Harmful if application
Dust Ingestion
inhaled. Aspiration
hazard when swallowed.
With chronic exposure
central nervous system
disorders like weakness,
loss of co-ordination,
fatigue, confusion and
blurred vision may
occur. Liver
abnormalities as well as
kidney, lung spleen and
eye damage may occur.
Cardiac effect on some
persons.
Ammonium nitrate
Liquid Gas Mist
Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact Blasting
and/or eye
may cause dryness and operations
contact
irritation. Inhalation may
Ingestion
cause a sore throat,
coughing and a shortness
of breath. Ingestion may
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Ammonia-like Titanium dioxideodour Flammable OEL=10mg/m3
Calcium CarbonateOEL=10mg/m3 Propylene glycolOEL=470mg/m3 Dimethylene Glycol-OEL = ? XyleneOEL=435mg/m3 STEL= 650mg/m3 AcetoneOEL=1780mg/m3 STEL=3560mg/m3 Ethyl BenzeneOEL=435mg/m3 STEL=545mg/m3 TolueneOEL=188mg/m3 STEL=560mg/m3 Tetrachloroethylene -OEL=335mg/m3 STEL=1000mg/m3 White to cream None available in colour, but odourless.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Pollutant Name Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
cause dizziness, cramps,
vomiting, blood
disorders, weakness and
depression.
Metal Powder
Dust Inhalation Skin Fumes generated may be Blasting
and/or eye
dangerous. Dryness and operations
contact
irritation of the throat,
nose, eyes, and lungs
may occur. Dizziness
and nausea may result.
May be a carcinogen.
Copper metal 154/155 Dust Inhalation Skin Is a mechanical irritant Blasting
Vapour and/or eye
when in eye which may operations
Fumes contact
cause severe corneal
Ingestion
damage. When ingested
it may cause intense
abdominal pain.
Inhalation may cause
metal fume fever,
headache, a metallic
taste in mouth, cough,
thirst, shortness of
breath, fever, pain in the
legs and chest. May
discolour the skin.
Nitrocellulose
Dust Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact Blasting
Gas and/or eye
may cause irritation. operations
contact
Inhalation may cause
narcosis, weakness,
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Odourless metallic grey powder.
None available
Bright reddish, OEL = 1 mg/m3 lustrous metal in STEL = 2 mg/m3 the form of foil, wire or turnings. Odourless.
7440-50 8
Alcohol odour. None available
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Pollutant Name Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
drowsiness and unconsciousness.
Source
Tin
Citric acid Gold reference
567/568
Dust Fumes
Dust Liquid Mist
Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact Blasting
and/or eye
may cause mechanical operations
contact
irritation. Inhalation may
Ingestion
cause fatigue and
anaemia. Central
nervous system damage,
nasal inflammation and
kidney disfunction may
occur. It may also cause
headache, nausea,
muscular pain and
possible liver damage.
Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact Blasting
and/or eye
may cause a slight
operations
contact
irritation. If inhaled
irritation may occur.
Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact Blasting
and/or eye
may cause irritation, operations
contact
burns, blisters,
Ingestion
watering, conjunctivitis
and dermatitis.
Inhalation may also
cause irritation of the
eyes, nose, throat, and
upper respiratory tract,
coughing and choking.
Over exposure may lead
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Silver-grey metal OEL = 2 mg/m3 that's odourless. STEL = 4 mg/m3 Various shapes and sizes.
Powder with no None available known odour. Colourless crystals. Clear, yellow None available liquid with a slight hydrochloric acid odour.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Pollutant Name Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
to ulceration of the oral
and nasal mucosa.
Ingestion may cause
burns to the mouth,
throat, oesophagus and
stomach. It may also
cause nausea and
vomiting.
Iron
348 Dust Inhalation Skin It may cause mild
Blasting
Fumes and/or eye
irritation to the
operations
Mist contact
respiratory tract when
Ingestion
inhaled. Large doses
ingested may cause
gastrointestinal
disturbances. Skin and
eye contact may cause
irritation.
Activated
Dust Inhalation Skin If inhaled it may cause Blasting
charcoal
and/or eye
respiratory tract and
operations
contact
cardiovascular effects.
Ingestion
When ingested it may
cause mild irritation to
the gastrointestinal tract.
Skin and eye contact
may cause redness.
Polyethylene
Dust Inhalation Skin Eye contact may result Blasting
Vapours and/or eye
in irritation or corneal operations
contact
injury due to mechanical
Ingestion
action.
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
White crystals OEL = 5 mg/m
1309-37
with no odour. STEL = 10 mg/m3 1
Fine black powder that's odourless. Flammable
None available
No odour.
None available
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Pollutant Name Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
Potassium
Dust Inhalation
Eye contact may cause Blasting
nitrate
Fumes Eye contact
mild irritation and may operations
burn. Dust may be
irritating when inhaled.
Symptoms like
weakness, depression,
headache, mental
impairment, dizziness,
abdominal cramps,
vomiting, bloody
diarrhea, convulsions
and collapse may occur.
Polycarbonate
Dust Inhalation Skin Eye contact may cause Blasting
Fumes and/or eye
irritation and corneal operations
contact
injury due to mechanical
Ingestion
action. Prolonged
exposure to skin may
cause irritation due to
mechanical irritation.
Dust inhaled may cause
irritation to the upper
respiratory tract.
Silicon dioxide
Dust Inhalation Skin It is slightly irritating to Blasting
Gas and/or eye
the skin, and mildly
operations
Mist contact
irritating to the eyes.
Ingestion
Inhalation may result in
upper respiratory
irritation and
emphysema. Repeated
exposure may result in
Physical Description
White to buff crystals. No odour.
Exposure Limits None available
CAS Number
Milky white or coloured solid with a mild odour.
None available
Clear to cloudy liquid. It is odourless.
OEL = 10mg/m3
7440-21 3
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Pollutant Name Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects lung changes.
Source
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Quartz
521 Dust Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact Blasting White pellets OEL = 0.1 mg/m3 14808
and/or eye
may cause mechanical operations with no odour.
60-7
contact
irritation. Inhalation of
Ingestion
dust may cause irritation
of the respiratory tract.
Isocyanine 356 Gas Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact Blasting Brown
OEL = 0.02 mg/m3
Mist and/or eye
may cause irritation. operations
contact
Ingestion will cause
Ingestion
adverse health effects.
Inhalation will cause
irritation of the
respiratory tract. It may
result in asthma-like
spasms of the bronchial
tubes and difficulty in
breathing. People with a
history of respiratory
disease or
hypersensitivity should
not be exposed to this
product.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Pollutant Name Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
Potassium
Dust Inhalation Skin Inhalation of the product Blasting
perchlorate
and/or eye
may cause irritation to operations
contact
the respiratory tract,
Ingestion
coughing, shortness of
Absorption
breath and pulmonary
through skin edema. Ingestion may
cause irritation to the
mucous membranes and
may result in vomiting,
nausea, fever and
rushes. Skin may turn
blue due to an oxygen
deficiency. Red blood
cells may be broken
down which will result
in kidney damage. It
may also effect the bone
marrow. Skin and eye
contact may cause
irritation resulting in
redness, itching and
pain.
Physical Description
Exposure Limits
White odourless powder. It is flammable and a strong oxidizer.
None available
CAS Number
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Pollutant Name Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Wood dust
600/601 Dust Inhalation Skin Harmful when inhaled Installation of Wood particles OEL = 5 mg/m3
and/or eye
or swallowed. It may wooden
of various size (Hard & Soft wood)
contact
cause eye and skin
support
produced by any STEL = 10 mg/m3
irritation. Prolonged
manual or
(Soft wood)
exposure to the eye may
mechanical
cause conjunctivitis or
cutting, chipping,
allergic dermatitis.
sawing or
Prolonged exposure may
sanding.
also lead to
inflammation of the
nasal passage, lung
iseases or asthma. Wood
dust is a fire and
explosion hazard when
exposed to heat.
Carbon
Gas Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact Blasting
Colourless,
OEL = 55 mg/m3 630-08-0
monoxide
and/or eye
may cause frostbite.
operations odourless and STEL = 100 ppm
contact
Systemic toxicity may Mine fires tasteless.
cause visual
Diesel
Flammable.
disturbances. Inhalation machinery Poisonous.
May cause adverse
central nervous system,
cardiovascular,
respiratory, kidney and
liver effects. These
effects may include
suffocati8on,
discoloured skin, dilated
pupils, hearing loss,
nausea, vomiting, chest
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Pollutant Name Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
Physical Description
Exposure Limits
pain, lung damage,
twitching, muscle
spasms, in coordination,
weakness, numbness,
headache, dizziness,
drowsiness, confusion,
hallucinations,
convulsions, blood
disorders, heart failure,
kidney failure, collapse,
unconsciousness, coma
and death.
Carbon dioxide
Gas Inhalation Skin Over exposure when Blasting
Colourless,
OEL = 9000
gas
Liquid and/or eye
inhaled may cause
operations odourless, and mg/m3 STEL =
contact
excitation and
Mine fires tasteless.
54000 mg/m3
depression of the central Diesel
Could be a liquid
nervous system. Carbon machinery under pressure.
dioxide displaces oxygen
witch cause a fall in
blood pressure. Eye
contact may cause a
stinging sensation and
inhalation may effect
vision. Skin contact may
cause frostbite.
Soudal foam
Foam Inhalation Skin The product may be
Vent sealing Foam
None available
Mist and/or eye
irritating to skin, eyes and tamping of
contact
and the respiratory
holes.
system.
CAS Number
124-38-9
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name Glue Epoxy Resin
PH Powder
Portabloo PRLC 40
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Liquid Inhalation Skin
Vapour and/or eye
Mist contact
Dust
Inhalation Eye contact
Liquid Inhalation Skin Mist and/or eye Vapour contact
Liquid Fumes Gas
Inhalation Skin and/or eye contact Ingestion
Health Effects
Source
Physical Description
Exposure Limits
Skin and eye contact will Backfill
Brown liquid Phenol-
cause irritation.
products Vent with a faint
OEL=19mg/m3
Inhalation of the product curtaining
odour.
STEL=38mg/m3
will cause respiratory
It is corrosive. Formaldehyde-
tract irritation. Ingestion
OEL=2.5mg/m3
may cause adverse
STEL=2.5mg/m3
health effects.
Sodium Hydroxide-
STEL=2mg/m3
Amine-OEL=?
Irritation to the
Toilet product White powder Not applicable
respiratory system when
consisting of a
inhaled. Eye contact can
combination of
result in corneal damage
alkali's.
or blindness.
Inflammation of the eye
is characterized by
redness, watering and
itching.
The product is harmful Toilet product Translucent blue Not applicable
with skin contact and
liquid with a mild
will cause burns and
amine odour.
irritation. Inhalation may
cause dizziness and
shortness of breath.
This product may cause Batch plant Pink liquid that's Not applicable
respiratory tract, skin operations odourless.
and eye irritation. It may
cause a shortness of
breath as well as nose
CAS Number
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Pollutant Name Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
bleeds. Ingestion may
cause nausea. Direct
contact may cause
irritation, redness, pain,
erythema, flustering,
exfoliation, ulceration,
necrosis and scaring.
SP 100
Liquid Inhalation Skin It is irritating to the eyes Batch plant
Fumes and/or eye
and skin and may be operations
Vapour contact
harmful if swallowed.
Ingestion
Vapour may be an
irritant to the mucous
membranes and
respiratory tract.
PRPL 25
Liquid Inhalation Skin Swallowing of the
Batch plant
Dust and/or eye
product may irritate the operations
Vapour contact
mouth, throat and
Mist Ingestion
stomach causing pain,
nausea and vomiting. If
it is inhaled it may cause
irritation to the upper
respiratory tract causing
a sore throat, coughing
or breathing difficulties.
Meyco SA 160
Liquid Inhalation Skin It may cause skin and Batch plant
Mist and/or eye
eye irritation.
operations
contact
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Clear brown liquid with blan odour. Flammable
Not applicable
Dark brown liquid with a slight nondistinct odour. Flammable
Amine-OEL=?
White to beige Not applicable liquid.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Pollutant Name Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Meyco TCC 735
Liquid Inhalation Skin
Batch plant White liquid with Parrafin-
Mist and/or eye
operations
a low odour.
OEL=2mg/m3
Vapour contact
STEL=6mg/m3
Ingestion
Myco TCC 766
Liquid Inhalation Skin May be irritating to the Batch plant Dark brown
Not applicable
Aerosol and/or eye
skin and eyes.
operations
liquid with no
Mist contact
odour.
Ingestion
Polyheed SG
Liquid Inhalation Skin It may cause irritation to Batch plant Brown liquid Not applicable
Mist and/or eye
the skin and eyes.
operations with a wood
Gas contact
Inhalation dangerous if
resin odour.
Ingestion
in contact with acid
because toxic gasses
form.
DELVO
Liquid Inhalation Skin Skin and eye irritation Batch plant Light pink liquid Hydrochloric Acid-
Stabilizer 10
Mist and/or eye
may occur with burning operations with a slightly STEL=7mg/m3
contact
to the eyes.
acidic odour.
Ingestion
It reacts with
oxidants and
alkaline
compounds.
Plaster/Gypsum
Dust Inhalation Skin May cause irritation of Sealing of vent Light coloured to OEL = 10 mg/m3 26499
and/or eye
the upper respiratory walls, timber white powder.
65-0
contact
tract. Skin and eye
treatment for Slightly soluble.
Ingestion
contact may cause
fire
burning, irritation and prevention.
hardening. If ingested it
may cause obstruction.
Mono blue
Not applicable
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Pollutant Name Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
Vent Seal
Liquid Inhalation Skin High airborne
Vent sealing
and/or eye
concentration may cause
contact
drowsiness and lethargy.
Skin and eye contact
may cause temporary
irritation.
Helium
Gas Inhalation Skin Inhalation causes a high Drill
and/or eye
voice. Skin contact may intersections
contact
cause frostbite and eye
contact may cause
blurred vision, deep
burns and pain.
Portland cement 120/121 Dust Inhalation Skin No serious harm when Batch plant
and/or eye
dry. Inhalation may
operations
contact
cause irritation or
Concrete
Ingestion
inflammation. Wet
mixing
cement may cause
serious burns, eyes may
be irritated and chemical
burns as well as
blindness may occur.
Prolonged exposure may
cause silicoses. Irritation
of the moist mucous
membranes, nose, throat
and upper respiratory
tract. It may contain
traces of substances
that's listed as
carcinogenic.
Physical Description
Exposure Limits
Comp. A: Brown None available liquid Comp. B: Red viscouse liquid with amine odour.
CAS Number
Colourless,
Not applicable
odourless. When
refrigerated it
forms a liquefied
gas.
Light grey powder.
OEL = 10 mg/m3 65997 15-1
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Pollutant Name Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
Methane rich 296
Liquid Inhalation Skin Inhalation may cause Flammable
gas
Gas and/or eye
central nervous system gas Drilling
contact
effects. Headaches,
Intersections
Ingestion
nausea, dizziness and a
loss of balance and
coordination may occur.
Unconsciousness, coma
and respiratory failure as
well as death may be
results of exposure.
Silent Seal
Vapour Inhalation Skin Inhalation reduces
Vent sealing
Liquid and/or eye
oxygen available. It
contact
irritates the mucous
Ingestion
membranes, cause
tightness in chest,
coughing, asthma-like
sensitivity, dizziness,
headache, lethargy,
heart irregulations and it
may lead to bronchitis or
pulmonary edema. Skin
contact may cause
irritation, redding,
swelling and dermatitis.
Eye contact may cause
irritation and physical
damage. Ingestion of the
product may cause
irritation to mucous
membranes, the mouth
Physical Description
Colourless, odourless. Flammable.
Exposure Limits STEL = 1,4%
Comp. A: Amber None available to brown liquid. Slightly musty odour. Insoluble in water. Comp. B:Dark brown with yellow undertone viscous liquid with fluorocarbon and amine odour.
CAS Number
74--82-8
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Pollutant Name Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects and digestive tract.
Source
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
MK ENV 01092002
HEG Identification : GROUND HANDLING (15)
Activity Description Activity Area Code Occupations
Code
Bell signaler Beltsman Conveyer belt attendant Conveyer belt team leader Lasher & Loader Loco driver Loco guard Mud press operator Orepass & Box controller Stationary Hydraulic rock breaker Tip team leader Tip worker
21305 30205 21202 21201 29905 21002 21003 40529 21404
21405 21406
Chemicals Involved
Pollutant Name
Dust
Pollutant Nature Code
Possible Exposure Pathways
Dust Inhalation or
eye contact
Health Effects
Source
Coughing & mild
Blasting,
irritation. Eye contact may scraping,
result in tears and mild tipping,
irritation to the eyes.
drilling,
transport,
travelling,
spillage.
Physical Description
Finely divided solid matter.
Exposure Limits OEL =1mg/m3
CAS Number
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Silica Dust (respirable)
Diesel fumes
Ammonia
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
522 Dust Inhalation, skin Coughing and mild
Blasting,
and/or eye
irritation. Skin contact scraping,
contact
may result in granulomas. tipping,
Silicoses may occur with drilling,
prolonged exposure.
transport,
Carsinogenogen.
travelling,
spillage.
Mist Inhalation
Carcinogen
Diesel
Vapour
machinery
24 Gas Inhalation,
Corrosive gas - may be Blasting
ingestion
fatal if inhaled. Lung
operations
(solution), skin injury. Severe respiratory
and/or eye
tract irritant. Irritating to
contact
the nose and throat.
(solution/liquid Mildly irritating to moist
) skin - blisters may occur.
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Colourless to white, green, purple or black crystals. Odourless.
OEL = 0.1 mg/m3 14808 60-7
Colourless oily NO2-
liquid. May burn OEL=5mg/m3
if strongly
STEL=9mg/m3
heated.
SO2-OEL=5mg/m3
STEL=13mg/m3
NO
OEL=30mg/m3
STEL=45mg/m3
CO
OEL=55mg/m3
DIESEL
PARTICULATE
MATTER OEL= ?
Colourless gas OEL = 17 mg/m3 7664-41
with a sharp,
STEL =24mg/m3 7
pungent,
suffocating,
intensely
irritating odour.
Colourless liquid
under pressure
but can
decompose at
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Carbon oil
Rubber solvent
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
43 Liquid Inhalation,
Harmful when inhaled or Engineering
Vapour ingestion
swallowed. Central
operations
(solution), skin nervous system
and/or eye
depressant. It causes
contact
headache, nausea,
(solution/liquid dizziness, drowsiness, and
) confusion. It may cause blood and bone marrow
effects. Aspiration hazard.
Prolonged exposure may
result in dermatitis.
Carcinogen & Mutagen.
Liquid Mist Vapour
It may cause moderate Engineering skin irritation, defatting operations and dermatitis. Inhalation may cause dizziness, headache and unconsciousness. Ingestion cause vomiting, nausea and diarrhea. Inhalation
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
high temperature
to form very
flammable
hydrogen and
toxic nitrogen
dioxide.
Clear and
Toluene-
colourless liquid. OEL=188mg/m3
Aromatic
STEL = 560mg/m3
hydrocarbon
Tetrachloroethylene
odour. Vapour is -OEL=335mg/m3
heavier than air, STEL =
thus might spread 1000mg/m3
long distances. EthylBenzene-
Liquid can float OEL=435
on water, thus STEL = 545mg/m3
might spread
Xylene-OEL=435
fire. Decompose STEL = 650mg/m3
at high
temperature and
forming toxic
gases.
Flammable liquid None available
with a mild
odour.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
may cause bronchopneumonia and Pulmonary edema.
Source
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Mineral oil
450 Gas
Inhalation, skin Skin, eye and lung
Engineering Colourless to OEL = 5 mg/m3
Mist and/or eye
irritation.
operations
light brown
STEL = 10 mg/m3
contact
liquid. It is
flammable.
Welding fumes 598 Fumes Inhalation
Metal fume fever:
Welding
OEL = 5 mg/m3
Muscle pains
operations
Shivering
Chest tightness
Feverishness
Ammonium
Liquid Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact may Blasting
White to cream None available
nitrate
Gas and/or eye
cause dryness and
operations
in colour, but
Mist contact
irritation. Inhalation may
odourless.
Ingestion
cause a sore throat,
coughing and a shortness
of breath. Ingestion may
cause dizziness, cramps,
vomiting, blood disorders,
weakness and depression.
Metal Powder
Dust Inhalation Skin Fumes generated may be Blasting
Odourless
None available
and/or eye
dangerous. Dryness and operations metallic grey
contact
irritation of the throat,
powder.
nose, eyes, and lungs may
occur. Dizziness and
nausea may result.
May be a carcinogen.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Copper metal
Nitrocellulose Tin
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
154/155 Dust Inhalation Skin Is a mechanical irritant Blasting
Vapour and/or eye
when in eye which may operations
Fumes contact
cause severe corneal
Ingestion
damage. When ingested it
may cause intense
abdominal pain. Inhalation
may cause metal fume
fever, headache, a metallic
taste in mouth, cough,
thirst, shortness of breath,
fever, pain in the legs and
chest. May discolour the
skin.
Dust Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact may Blasting
Gas and/or eye
cause irritation. Inhalation operations
contact
may cause narcosis,
weakness, drowsiness and
unconsciousness.
567/568 Dust Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact may Blasting
Fumes and/or eye
cause mechanical
operations
contact
irritation. Inhalation may
Ingestion
cause fatigue and anaemia.
Central nervous system
damage, nasal
inflammation and kidney
disfunction may occur. It
may also cause headache,
nausea, muscular pain and
possible liver damage.
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Bright reddish, OEL = 1 mg/m3 lustrous metal in STEL = 2 mg/m3 the form of foil, wire or turnings. Odourless.
7440-50 8
Alcohol odour. None available
Silver-grey metal OEL = 2 mg/m3 that's odourless. STEL = 4 mg/m3 Various shapes and sizes.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
Citric acid
Dust Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact may Blasting
and/or eye
cause a slight irritation. If operations
contact
inhaled irritation may
occur.
Gold reference
Liquid Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact may Blasting
Mist and/or eye
cause irritation, burns, operations
contact
blisters, watering,
Ingestion
conjunctivitis and
dermatitis. Inhalation may
also cause irritation of the
eyes, nose, throat, and
upper respiratory tract,
coughing and choking.
Over exposure may lead to
ulceration of the oral and
nasal mucosa. Ingestion
may cause burns to the
mouth, throat, oesophagus
and stomach. It may also
cause nausea and
vomiting.
Iron
348 Dust Inhalation Skin It may cause mild
Blasting
Fumes and/or eye
irritation to the respiratory operations
Mist contact
tract when inhaled. Large
Ingestion
doses ingested may cause
gastrointestinal
disturbances. Skin and eye
contact may cause
irritation.
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Powder with no None available known odour. Colourless crystals. Clear, yellow None available liquid with a slight hydrochloric acid odour.
White crystals OEL = 5 mg/m
1309-37
with no odour. STEL = 10 mg/m3 1
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Activated charcoal
Polyethylene Potassium nitrate
Polycarbonate
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
Dust Inhalation Skin If inhaled it may cause Blasting
and/or eye
respiratory tract and
operations
contact
cardiovascular effects.
Ingestion
When ingested it may
cause mild irritation to the
gastrointestinal tract. Skin
and eye contact may cause
redness.
Dust Inhalation Skin Eye contact may result in Blasting
Vapours and/or eye
irritation or corneal injury operations
contact
due to mechanical action.
Ingestion
Dust Inhalation
Eye contact may cause Blasting
Fumes Eye contact mild irritation and may operations
burn. Dust may be
irritating when inhaled.
Symptoms like weakness,
depression, headache,
mental impairment,
dizziness, abdominal
cramps, vomiting, bloody
diarrhea, convulsions and
collapse may occur.
Dust Inhalation Skin Eye contact may cause Blasting
Fumes and/or eye
irritation and corneal
operations
contact
injury due to mechanical
Ingestion
action. Prolonged
exposure to skin may
cause irritation due to
Physical Description
Fine black powder that's odourless. Flammable
Exposure Limits None available
CAS Number
No odour.
None available
White to buff crystals. No odour.
None available
Milky white or coloured solid with a mild odour.
None available
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
mechanical irritation. Dust inhaled may cause irritation to the upper respiratory tract.
Source
Silicon dioxide
Quartz Isocyanine
Dust Inhalation Skin It is slightly irritating to Blasting
Gas and/or eye
the skin, and mildly
operations
Mist contact
irritating to the eyes.
Ingestion
Inhalation may result in
upper respiratory irritation
and emphysema. Repeated
exposure may result in
lung changes.
521 Dust Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact may Blasting
and/or eye
cause mechanical
operations
contact
irritation. Inhalation of
Ingestion
dust may cause irritation
of the respiratory tract.
356 Gas
Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact may Blasting
Mist and/or eye
cause irritation. Ingestion operations
contact
will cause adverse health
Ingestion
effects. Inhalation will
cause irritation of the
respiratory tract. It may
result in asthma-like
spasms of the bronchial
tubes and difficulty in
breathing. People with a
history of respiratory
disease or hyper
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Clear to cloudy liquid. It is odourless.
OEL = 10mg/m3
7440-213
White pellets OEL = 0.1 mg/m3 14808-
with no odour.
60-7
Brown
OEL = 0.02 mg/m3
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
sensitivity should not be exposed to this product.
Source
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Potassium perchlorate
Dust
Inhalation Skin Inhalation of the product Blasting
and/or eye
may cause irritation to the operations
contact
respiratory tract,
Ingestion
coughing, shortness of
Absorption breath and pulmonary
through skin edema. Ingestion may
cause irritation to the
mucous membranes and
may result in vomiting,
nausea, fever and rushes.
Skin may turn blue due to
an oxygen deficiency. Red
blood cells may be broken
down which will result in
kidney damage. It may
also effect the bone
marrow. Skin and eye
contact may cause
irritation resulting in
redness, itching and pain.
White odourless powder. It is flammable and a strong oxidizer.
None available
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide gas
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
Gas Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact may Blasting
and/or eye
cause frostbite. Systemic operations
contact
toxicity may cause visual Mine fires
disturbances. Inhalation Diesel
May cause adverse central machinery
nervous system,
cardiovascular,
respiratory, kidney and
liver effects. These effects
may include suffocati8on,
discoloured skin, dilated
pupils, hearing loss,
nausea, vomiting, chest
pain, lung damage,
twitching, muscle spasms,
in coordination, weakness,
numbness, headache,
dizziness, drowsiness,
confusion, hallucinations,
convulsions, blood
disorders, heart failure,
kidney failure, collapse,
unconsciousness, coma
and death.
Gas Inhalation Skin Over exposure when
Blasting
Liquid and/or eye
inhaled may cause
operations
contact
excitation and depression Mine fires
of the central nervous
Diesel
system. Carbon dioxide machinery
displaces oxygen witch
Physical Description
Colourless, odourless and tasteless. Flammable. Poisonous.
CAS Exposure Limits Number
OEL = 55 mg/m3 630-08-0 STEL = 100 ppm
Colourless,
OEL =9000 mg/m3 124-38-9
odourless, and STEL =54000
tasteless.
mg/m3
Could be a liquid
under pressure.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
PH Powder
Portabloo
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
Physical Description
Exposure Limits
cause a fall in blood
pressure. Eye contact may
cause a stinging sensation
and inhalation may effect
vision. Skin contact may
cause frostbite.
Dust Inhalation
Irritation to the respiratory Toilet product White powder Not applicable
Eye contact system when inhaled. Eye
consisting of a
contact can result in
combination of
corneal damage or
alkali's.
blindness. Inflammation of
the eye is characterized by
redness, watering and
itching.
Liquid Inhalation Skin The product is harmful Toilet product Translucent blue Not applicable
Mist and/or eye
with skin contact and will
liquid with a mild
Vapour contact
cause burns and irritation.
amine odour.
Inhalation may cause
dizziness and shortness of
breath.
CAS Number
MK ENV 01092002
HEG Identification :
DEVELOPMENT (9/10)
Activity Description Activity Area Code Occupations Developer Development team leader Development team worker Drill rig operator Driller: Jackhammer Drilling worker Load haul dump driver Loader driver Miners assistant: Cheesa Multi task worker Night shift cleaner Scraper winch driver Scraping worker
Code
20303 20310 20701 20401 20402 20499 21106 21004 20504 20704 20308 20901 20999
Chemicals Involved
Pollutant Pollutant Name Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name Dust
Ammonia
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
Dust Inhalation or Coughing & mild
Blasting,
eye contact irritation. Eye contact scraping,
may result in tears and tipping,
mild irritation to the
drilling,
eyes.
transport,
travelling,
spillage.
24 Gas Inhalation,
Corrosive gas - may be Blasting
ingestion
fatal if inhaled. Lung
operations
(solution), skin injury. Severe respiratory
and/or eye
tract irritant. Irritating to
contact
the nose and throat.
(solution/liquid Mildly irritating to moist
) skin - blisters may occur.
Silica Dustrespirable
522 Dust Inhalation, skin Coughing and mild
Blasting,
and/or eye
irritation. Skin contact scraping,
contact
may result in
tipping,
granulomas. Silicoses drilling,
may occur with
transport,
prolonged exposure.
travelling,
Carsinogenogen.
spillage.
Physical Description
Finely divided solid matter.
Exposure Limits OEL = 1mg/m3
CAS Number
Colourless gas OEL =17mg/m3
with a sharp,
STEL =24mg/m3
pungent,
suffocating,
intensely
irritating odour.
Colourless liquid
under pressure
but can
decompose at
high temperature
to form very
flammable
hydrogen and
toxic nitrogen
dioxide.
Colourless to OEL =0.1 mg/m3
white, green,
purple or black
crystals.
Odourless.
7664-41 7
14808 60-7
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name Diesel fumes
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Mist Inhalation
Vapour
Health Effects Carcinogen
Source
Diesel machinery
Carbon oil
43 Liquid Inhalation,
Harmful when inhaled or Engineering
Vapour ingestion
swallowed. Central
operations
(solution), skin nervous system
and/or eye
depressant. It causes
contact
headache, nausea,
(solution/liquid dizziness, drowsiness,
) and confusion. It may cause blood and bone
marrow effects.
Aspiration hazard.
Prolonged exposure may
result in dermatitis.
Carcinogen & Mutagen.
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Colourless oily NO2-
liquid. May burn OEL=5mg/m3
if strongly
STEL=9mg/m3
heated.
SO2-OEL=5mg/m3
STEL=13mg/m3
NO
OEL=30mg/m3
STEL=45mg/m3
CO
OEL=55mg/m3
DIESEL
PARTICULATE
MATTER OEL= ?
Clear and
Toluene-
colourless liquid. OEL=188mg/m3
Aromatic
STEL = 560mg/m3
hydrocarbon
Tetrachloroethylene
odour. Vapour is -OEL=335mg/m3
heavier than air, STEL =
thus might spread 1000mg/m3
long distances. EthylBenzene-
Liquid can float OEL=435
on water, thus STEL = 545mg/m3
might spread
Xylene-OEL=435
fire. Decompose STEL = 650mg/m3
at high
temperature and
forming toxic
gases.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name Degreaser
Mineral oil
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Gas Inhalation, skin May cause pain and
Mist and/or eye
irritation to the skin and
contact
eyes. Inhalation may
cause headache,
dizziness, anaesthesia,
and unconsciousness.
Repeated exposure may
cause kidney and liver
effects. Pulmonary
irritation may occur and
dermatitis may result
from repeated exposure.
450 Gas Inhalation, skin Skin, eye and lung
Mist and/or eye
irritation.
contact
Source Engineering operations
Engineering operations
Grease
298 Fluid Inhalation Skin
Mild skin and eye
Engineering
irritation. Inhalation of operations
smoke contaminated with
grease may cause throat
irritation, coughing and a
tightness in chest. Lungs
may become irritated
from fluorine
components.
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Colourless liquid Not applicable with a irritating odour. It is slightly soluble in water. Corrosive.
Colourless to light brown liquid. It is flammable. White dense and viscous fluid
OEL = 5 mg/m3 STEL = 10 mg/m3
Not applicable
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name Welding fumes
Aerosol Paint
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
598 Fumes Inhalation
Metal fume fever:
Welding
Muscle pains
operations
Shivering
Chest tightness
Feverishness
Liquid Inhalation Skin May cause skin and eye Marking off
Vapour and/or eye
irritation. When inhaled
Fumes contact
or ingested person may
Mist Ingestion
suffer from severe
respiratory distress as
well as central nervous
system depression.
Prolonged and/or
repeated skin contact may
cause dermatitis.
Physical Description
Exposure Limits OEL = 5 mg/m3
Various colours None available Flammable
CAS Number
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name White wash
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
Liquid Inhalation Skin May cause skin and eye, For fire
Vapour and/or eye
nose and throat irritation. retardant
Mist contact
Harmful if inhaled.
application
Dust Ingestion
Aspiration hazard when
swallowed. With chronic
exposure central nervous
system disorders like
weakness, loss of co
ordination, fatigue,
confusion and blurred
vision may occur. Liver
abnormalities as well as
kidney, lung spleen and
eye damage may occur.
Cardiac effect on some
persons.
Ammonium nitrate
Liquid Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact may Blasting
Gas and/or eye
cause dryness and
operations
Mist contact
irritation. Inhalation may
Ingestion
cause a sore throat,
coughing and a shortness
of breath. Ingestion may
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Ammonia-like Titanium dioxideodour Flammable OEL=10mg/m3
Calcium CarbonateOEL=10mg/m3 Propylene glycolOEL=470mg/m3 Dimethylene Glycol-OEL = ? XyleneOEL=435mg/m3 STEL= 650mg/m3 AcetoneOEL=1780mg/m3 STEL=3560mg/m3 Ethyl BenzeneOEL=435mg/m3 STEL=545mg/m3 TolueneOEL=188mg/m3 STEL=560mg/m3 Tetrachloroethylene -OEL=335mg/m3 STEL=1000mg/m3 White to cream None available in colour, but odourless.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name Metal Powder Copper metal
Nitrocellulose
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
cause dizziness, cramps, vomiting, blood
disorders, weakness and
depression.
Dust Inhalation Skin Fumes generated may be Blasting
and/or eye
dangerous. Dryness and operations
contact
irritation of the throat,
nose, eyes, and lungs
may occur. Dizziness and
nausea may result. May be a carcinogen.
154/155 Dust Inhalation Skin Is a mechanical irritant Blasting
Vapour and/or eye
when in eye which may operations
Fumes contact
cause severe corneal
Ingestion
damage. When ingested it
may cause intense
abdominal pain. Inhalation may cause
metal fume fever,
headache, a metallic taste
in mouth, cough, thirst,
shortness of breath,
fever, pain in the legs
and chest. May discolour the skin.
Dust Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact may Blasting
Gas and/or eye
cause irritation.
operations
contact
Inhalation may cause
narcosis, weakness,
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Odourless metallic grey powder.
None available
Bright reddish, OEL = 1 mg/m3 lustrous metal in STEL = 2 mg/m3 the form of foil, wire or turnings. Odourless.
7440-50 8
Alcohol odour. None available
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Pollutant Name Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
drowsiness and unconsciousness.
Source
Tin
Citric acid Gold reference
567/568
Dust Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact may Blasting
Fumes and/or eye
cause mechanical
operations
contact
irritation. Inhalation may
Ingestion
cause fatigue and
anaemia. Central nervous
system damage, nasal
inflammation and kidney
disfunction may occur. It
may also cause headache,
nausea, muscular pain
and possible liver
damage.
Dust Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact may Blasting
and/or eye
cause a slight irritation. If operations
contact
inhaled irritation may
occur.
Liquid Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact may Blasting
Mist and/or eye
cause irritation, burns, operations
contact
blisters, watering,
Ingestion
conjunctivitis and
dermatitis. Inhalation
may also cause irritation
of the eyes, nose, throat,
and upper respiratory
tract, coughing and
choking. Over exposure
may lead to ulceration of
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Silver-grey metal OEL = 2 mg/m3 that's odourless. STEL = 4 mg/m3 Various shapes and sizes.
Powder with no None available known odour. Colourless crystals. Clear, yellow None available liquid with a slight hydrochloric acid odour.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Pollutant Name Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
the oral and nasal mucosa. Ingestion may cause burns to the mouth, throat, oesophagus and stomach. It may also cause nausea and vomiting.
Source
Iron
Activated charcoal
Polyethylene
348 Dust Inhalation Skin It may cause mild
Blasting
Fumes and/or eye
irritation to the
operations
Mist contact
respiratory tract when
Ingestion
inhaled. Large doses
ingested may cause
gastrointestinal
disturbances. Skin and
eye contact may cause
irritation.
Dust Inhalation Skin If inhaled it may cause Blasting
and/or eye
respiratory tract and
operations
contact
cardiovascular effects.
Ingestion
When ingested it may
cause mild irritation to
the gastrointestinal tract.
Skin and eye contact may
cause redness.
Dust Inhalation Skin Eye contact may result in Blasting
Vapour and/or eye
irritation or corneal
operations
s contact
injury due to mechanical
Ingestion
action.
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
White crystals OEL = 5 mg/m
1309-37
with no odour. STEL = 10 mg/m3 1
Fine black powder that's odourless. Flammable
None available
No odour.
None available
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name Potassium nitrate
Polycarbonate
Silicon dioxide
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
Dust Inhalation
Eye contact may cause Blasting
Fumes Eye contact mild irritation and may operations
burn. Dust may be
irritating when inhaled.
Symptoms like weakness,
depression, headache,
mental impairment,
dizziness, abdominal
cramps, vomiting, bloody
diarrhea, convulsions and
collapse may occur.
Dust Inhalation Skin Eye contact may cause Blasting
Fumes and/or eye
irritation and corneal
operations
contact
injury due to mechanical
Ingestion
action. Prolonged
exposure to skin may
cause irritation due to
mechanical irritation.
Dust inhaled may cause
irritation to the upper
respiratory tract.
Dust Inhalation Skin It is slightly irritating to Blasting
Gas and/or eye
the skin, and mildly
operations
Mist contact
irritating to the eyes.
Ingestion
Inhalation may result in
upper respiratory
irritation and
emphysema. Repeated
exposure may result in
lung changes.
Physical Description
White to buff crystals. No odour.
Exposure Limits None available
CAS Number
Milky white or coloured solid with a mild odour.
None available
Clear to cloudy liquid. It is odourless.
OEL = 10mg/m3
7440-21 3
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name Quartz
Isocyanine
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
521 Dust Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact may Blasting
and/or eye
cause mechanical
operations
contact
irritation. Inhalation of
Ingestion
dust may cause irritation
of the respiratory tract.
356 Gas Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact may Blasting
Mist and/or eye
cause irritation. Ingestion operations
contact
will cause adverse health
Ingestion
effects. Inhalation will
cause irritation of the
respiratory tract. It may
result in asthma-like
spasms of the bronchial
tubes and difficulty in
breathing. People with a
history of respiratory
disease or hyper
sensitivity should not be
exposed to this product.
Physical Description
White pellets with no odour.
CAS Exposure Limits Number
OEL = 0.1 mg/m3 14808 60-7
Brown
OEL = 0.02 mg/m3
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Potassium perchlorate
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
Dust Inhalation Skin Inhalation of the product Blasting
and/or eye
may cause irritation to operations
contact
the respiratory tract,
Ingestion
coughing, shortness of
Absorption breath and pulmonary
through skin edema. Ingestion may
cause irritation to the
mucous membranes and
may result in vomiting,
nausea, fever and rushes.
Skin may turn blue due to
an oxygen deficiency.
Red blood cells may be
broken down which will
result in kidney damage.
It may also effect the
bone marrow. Skin and
eye contact may cause
irritation resulting in
redness, itching and pain.
Physical Description
Exposure Limits
White odourless powder. It is flammable and a strong oxidizer.
None available
CAS Number
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name Wood dust
Soudal foam Carbon monoxide
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
600/601 Dust Inhalation Skin Harmful when inhaled or Instillation of Wood particles OEL = 5 mg/m3
and/or eye
swallowed. It may cause wooden
of various size (Hard & Soft wood)
contact
eye and skin irritation. support
produced by any STEL = 10 mg/m3
Prolonged exposure to
manual or
(Soft wood)
the eye may cause
mechanical
conjunctivitis or allergic
cutting, chipping,
dermatitis. Prolonged
sawing or
exposure may also lead to
sanding.
inflammation of the nasal
passage, lung iseases or
asthma. Wood dust is a
fire and explosion hazard
when exposed to heat.
Foam Inhalation Skin The product may be
Vent sealing Foam
None available
Mist and/or eye
irritating to skin, eyes and tamping of
contact
and the respiratory
holes.
system.
Gas Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact may Blasting
Colourless,
OEL = 55 mg/m3 630-08-0
and/or eye
cause frostbite. Systemic operations odourless and STEL = 100 ppm
contact
toxicity may cause visual Mine fires tasteless.
disturbances. Inhalation Diesel
Flammable.
May cause adverse
machinery Poisonous.
central nervous system,
cardiovascular,
respiratory, kidney and
liver effects. These
effects may include
suffocati8on, discoloured
skin, dilated pupils,
hearing loss, nausea,
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Carbon dioxide gas
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
vomiting, chest pain,
lung damage, twitching,
muscle spasms, in
coordination, weakness,
numbness, headache,
dizziness, drowsiness,
confusion, hallucinations,
convulsions, blood
disorders, heart failure,
kidney failure, collapse,
unconsciousness, coma
and death.
Gas Inhalation Skin Over exposure when
Blasting
Liquid and/or eye
inhaled may cause
operations
contact
excitation and depression Mine fires
of the central nervous Diesel
system. Carbon dioxide machinery
displaces oxygen witch
cause a fall in blood
pressure. Eye contact
may cause a stinging
sensation and inhalation
may effect vision. Skin
contact may cause
frostbite.
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Colourless,
OEL =9000 mg/m3 124-38-9
odourless, and STEL =54000
tasteless.
mg/m3
Could be a liquid
under pressure.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name Glue Epoxy Resin
PH Powder
Portabloo PRLC 40
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
Physical Description
Exposure Limits
Liquid Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact will Backfill
Brown liquid Phenol-
Vapour and/or eye
cause irritation.
products Vent with a faint
OEL=19mg/m3
Mist contact
Inhalation of the product curtaining
odour.
STEL=38mg/m3
will cause respiratory
It is corrosive. Formaldehyde-
tract irritation. Ingestion
OEL=2.5mg/m3
may cause adverse health
STEL=2.5mg/m3
effects.
Sodium Hydroxide-
STEL=2mg/m3
Amine-OEL=?
Dust Inhalation
Irritation to the
Toilet product White powder Not applicable
Eye contact respiratory system when
consisting of a
inhaled. Eye contact can
combination of
result in corneal damage
alkali's.
or blindness.
Inflammation of the eye
is characterized by
redness, watering and
itching.
Liquid Inhalation Skin The product is harmful Toilet product Translucent blue Not applicable
Mist and/or eye
with skin contact and will
liquid with a mild
Vapour contact
cause burns and
amine odour.
irritation. Inhalation may
cause dizziness and
shortness of breath.
Liquid Inhalation Skin This product may cause Batch plant Pink liquid that's Not applicable
Fumes and/or eye
respiratory tract, skin and operations odourless.
Gas contact
eye irritation. It may
Ingestion
cause a shortness of
breath as well as nose
CAS Number
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name SP 100 PRPL 25
Meyco SA 160
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
bleeds. Ingestion may
cause nausea. Direct
contact may cause
irritation, redness, pain,
erythema, flustering,
exfoliation, ulceration,
necrosis and scaring.
Liquid Inhalation Skin It is irritating to the eyes Batch plant
Fumes and/or eye
and skin and may be
operations
Vapour contact
harmful if swallowed.
Ingestion
Vapour may be an irritant
to the mucous membranes
and respiratory tract.
Liquid Inhalation Skin Swallowing of the
Batch plant
Dust and/or eye
product may irritate the operations
Vapour contact
mouth, throat and
Mist Ingestion
stomach causing pain,
nausea and vomiting. If it
is inhaled it may cause
irritation to the upper
respiratory tract causing a
sore throat, coughing or
breathing difficulties.
Liquid Inhalation Skin It may cause skin and eye Batch plant
Mist and/or eye
irritation.
operations
contact
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Clear brown liquid with blan odour. Flammable
Not applicable
Dark brown liquid with a slight nondistinct odour. Flammable
Amine-OEL=?
White to beige Not applicable liquid.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name Meyco TCC 735 Myco TCC 766 Polyheed SG
DELVO Stabilizer 10
Plaster/Gypsum
Mono blue
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
Physical Description
Exposure Limits
Liquid Inhalation Skin
Batch plant White liquid with Paraffin-
Mist and/or eye
operations
a low odour.
OEL=2mg/m3
Vapour contact
STEL=6mg/m3
Ingestion
Liquid Inhalation Skin May be irritating to the Batch plant Dark brown
Not applicable
Aeroso and/or eye
skin and eyes.
operations
liquid with no
l Mist contact
odour.
Ingestion
Liquid Inhalation Skin It may cause irritation to Batch plant Brown liquid Not applicable
Mist and/or eye
the skin and eyes.
operations with a wood
Gas contact
Inhalation dangerous if in
resin odour.
Ingestion
contact with acid because
toxic gasses form.
Liquid Inhalation Skin Skin and eye irritation Batch plant Light pink liquid Hydrochloric acid-
Mist and/or eye
may occur with burning operations with a slightly OEL=7mg/m3
contact
to the eyes.
acidic odour.
Ingestion
It reacts with
oxidants and
alkaline
compounds.
Dust Inhalation Skin May cause irritation of Sealing of vent Light coloured to OEL = 10 mg/m3
and/or eye
the upper respiratory
walls, timber white powder.
contact
tract. Skin and eye
treatment for Slightly soluble.
Ingestion
contact may cause
fire
burning, irritation and prevention.
hardening. If ingested it
may cause obstruction.
Not applicable
CAS Number
26499 65-0
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name Vent Seal
Helium
Portland cement
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
Liquid Inhalation Skin High airborne
Vent sealing
and/or eye
concentration may cause
contact
drowsiness and lethargy.
Skin and eye contact may
cause temporary
irritation.
Gas Inhalation Skin Inhalation causes a high Drill
and/or eye
voice. Skin contact may intersections
contact
cause frostbite and eye
contact may cause
blurred vision, deep
burns and pain.
120/121 Dust Inhalation Skin No serious harm when Batch plant
and/or eye
dry. Inhalation may
operations
contact
cause irritation or
Concrete
Ingestion
inflammation. Wet
mixing
cement may cause serious
burns, eyes may be
irritated and chemical
burns as well as blindness
may occur. Prolonged
exposure may cause
silicoses. Irritation of the
moist mucous
membranes, nose, throat
and upper respiratory
tract. It may contain
traces of substances that's
listed as carcinogenic.
Physical Description
Exposure Limits
Comp. A:
None available
Brown liquid
Comp. B: Red
viscouse liquid
with amine
odour.
Colourless,
None available
odourless. When
refrigerated it
forms a liquefied
gas.
CAS Number
Light grey powder.
OEL = 10 mg/m3 65997 15-1
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name Methane rich gas
Silent Seal
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
296 Liquid Inhalation Skin Inhalation may cause
Flammable
Gas and/or eye
central nervous system gas Drilling
contact
effects. Headaches,
Intersections
Ingestion
nausea, dizziness and a
loss of balance and
coordination may occur.
Unconsciousness, coma
and respiratory failure as
well as death may be
results of exposure.
Vapour Inhalation Skin Inhalation reduces
Vent sealing
Liquid and/or eye
oxygen available. It
contact
irritates the mucous
Ingestion
membranes, cause
tightness in chest,
coughing, asthma-like
sensitivity, dizziness,
headache, lethargy, heart
irregulations and it may
lead to bronchitis or
pulmonary edema. Skin
contact may cause
irritation, redding,
swelling and dermatitis.
Eye contact may cause
irritation and physical
damage. Ingestion of the
product may cause
irritation to mucous
membranes, the mouth
Physical Description
Colourless, odourless. Flammable.
Exposure Limits STEL = 1,4%
Comp. A: Amber None available to brown liquid. Slightly musty odour. Insoluble in water. Comp. B:Dark brown with yellow undertone viscous liquid with fluorocarbon and amine odour.
CAS Number
74--82-8
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Pollutant Name Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects and digestive tract.
Source
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
MK ENV 01092002
HEG Identification :
SHAFT SINKING (11)
Activity Description Activity Area Code Occupations Grab operator Handy man Shaft sinker Stage worker
Code 21401 21504 21501 21509
Chemicals Involved
Pollutant Name
Dust
Silica Dust (respirable )
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
Dust Inhalation or Coughing & mild
Blasting,
eye contact irritation. Eye contact may scraping,
result in tears and mild tipping,
irritation to the eyes.
drilling,
transport,
travelling,
spillage.
522 Dust inhalation, skin Coughing and mild
Blasting,
and/or eye
irritation. Skin contact scraping,
contact
may result in granulomas. tipping,
Silicoses may occur with drilling,
prolonged exposure.
transport,
Carsinogenogen.
travelling,
spillage.
Physical Description
Finely divided solid matter.
Exposure Limits OEL = 1mg/m3
CAS Numbe
r
Colourless to white, green, purple or black crystals. Odourless.
OEL =0.1 mg/m3
14808 60-7
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Diesel fumes
Carbon oil
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Mist Inhalation
Vapour
Health Effects Carcinogen
Source
Diesel machinery
43 Liquid inhalation,
Harmful when inhaled or Engineering
Vapour ingestion
swallowed. Central
operations
(solution), skin nervous system
and/or eye
depressant. It causes
contact
headache, nausea,
(solution/liquid dizziness, drowsiness, and
) confusion. It may cause blood and bone marrow
effects. Aspiration hazard.
Prolonged exposure may
result in dermatitis.
Carcinogen & Mutagen.
Physical Description
Exposure Limits
CAS Numbe
r
Colourless oily NO2-
liquid. May burn OEL=5mg/m3
if strongly
STEL=9mg/m3
heated.
SO2-OEL=5mg/m3
STEL=13mg/m3
NO
OEL=30mg/m3
STEL=45mg/m3
CO
OEL=55mg/m3
DIESEL
PARTICULATE
MATTER OEL= ?
Clear and
Toluene-
colourless liquid. OEL=188mg/m3
Aromatic
STEL = 560mg/m3
hydrocarbon
Tetrachloroethylene
odour. Vapour is -OEL=335mg/m3
heavier than air, STEL =
thus might spread 1000mg/m3
long distances. EthylBenzene-
Liquid can float OEL=435
on water, thus STEL = 545mg/m3
might spread
Xylene-OEL=435
fire. Decompose STEL = 650mg/m3
at high
temperature and
forming toxic
gases.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Ammonia
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
24 Gas inhalation,
Corrosive gas - may be
ingestion
fatal if inhaled. Lung
(solution), skin injury. Severe respiratory
and/or eye
tract irritant. Irritating to
contact
the nose and throat.
(solution/liquid Mildly irritating to moist
) skin - blisters may occur.
Source
Blasting operations
Ammonium nitrate
Metal Powder
Liquid Gas Mist
Dust
Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact may Blasting
and/or eye
cause dryness and
operations
contact
irritation. Inhalation may
Ingestion
cause a sore throat,
coughing and a shortness
of breath. Ingestion may
cause dizziness, cramps,
vomiting, blood disorders,
weakness and depression.
Inhalation Skin Fumes generated may be Blasting
and/or eye
dangerous. Dryness and operations
contact
irritation of the throat,
nose, eyes, and lungs may
occur. Dizziness and
Physical Description
Exposure Limits
Colourless gas OEL =17 mg/m3
with a sharp,
STEL =24mg/m3
pungent,
suffocating,
intensely
irritating odour.
Colourless liquid
under pressure
but can
decompose at
high temperature
to form very
flammable
hydrogen and
toxic nitrogen
dioxide.
White to cream None available
in colour, but
odourless.
CAS Numbe
r
7664 41-7
Odourless metallic grey powder.
None available
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
nausea may result. May be a carcinogen.
Source
Physical Description
Exposure Limits
CAS Numbe
r
Copper metal Nitrocellulose
154/155
Dust Vapour Fumes
Dust Gas
Inhalation Skin Is a mechanical irritant Blasting
and/or eye
when in eye which may operations
contact
cause severe corneal
Ingestion
damage. When ingested it
may cause intense
abdominal pain. Inhalation
may cause metal fume
fever, headache, a metallic
taste in mouth, cough,
thirst, shortness of breath,
fever, pain in the legs and
chest. May discolour the
skin.
Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact may Blasting
and/or eye
cause irritation. Inhalation operations
contact
may cause narcosis,
weakness, drowsiness and
unconsciousness.
Bright reddish, OEL = 1 mg/m3 lustrous metal in STEL = 2 mg/m3 the form of foil, wire or turnings. Odourless.
7440 50-8
Alcohol odour. None available
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
Tin 567/568 Dust Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact may Blasting
Fumes and/or eye
cause mechanical
operations
contact
irritation. Inhalation may
Ingestion
cause fatigue and anaemia.
Central nervous system
damage, nasal
inflammation and kidney
disfunction may occur. It
may also cause headache,
nausea, muscular pain and
possible liver damage.
Citric acid
Dust Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact may Blasting
and/or eye
cause a slight irritation. If operations
contact
inhaled irritation may
occur.
Gold reference
Liquid Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact may Blasting
Mist and/or eye
cause irritation, burns, operations
contact
blisters, watering,
Ingestion
conjunctivitis and
dermatitis. Inhalation may
also cause irritation of the
eyes, nose, throat, and
upper respiratory tract,
coughing and choking.
Over exposure may lead to
ulceration of the oral and
nasal mucosa. Ingestion
may cause burns to the
mouth, throat, oesophagus
and stomach. It may also
Physical Description
Exposure Limits
Silver-grey metal OEL = 2 mg/m3 that's odourless. STEL = 4 mg/m3 Various shapes and sizes.
CAS Numbe
r
Powder with no None available known odour. Colourless crystals. Clear, yellow None available liquid with a slight hydrochloric acid odour.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
cause nausea and vomiting.
Source
Physical Description
Exposure Limits
CAS Numbe
r
Iron
Activated charcoal
Polyethylene
348 Dust Inhalation Skin It may cause mild
Blasting
Fumes and/or eye
irritation to the respiratory operations
Mist contact
tract when inhaled. Large
Ingestion
doses ingested may cause
gastrointestinal
disturbances. Skin and eye
contact may cause
irritation.
Dust Inhalation Skin If inhaled it may cause Blasting
and/or eye
respiratory tract and
operations
contact
cardiovascular effects.
Ingestion
When ingested it may
cause mild irritation to the
gastrointestinal tract. Skin
and eye contact may cause
redness.
Dust Inhalation Skin Eye contact may result in Blasting
Vapours and/or eye
irritation or corneal injury operations
contact
due to mechanical action.
Ingestion
White crystals OEL = 5 mg/m
1309
with no odour. STEL = 10 mg/m3 37-1
Fine black powder that's odourless. Flammable
None available
No odour.
None available
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Potassium nitrate
Polycarbonate
Silicon dioxide
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
Dust Inhalation
Eye contact may cause Blasting
Fumes Eye contact mild irritation and may operations
burn. Dust may be
irritating when inhaled.
Symptoms like weakness,
depression, headache,
mental impairment,
dizziness, abdominal
cramps, vomiting, bloody
diarrhoea, convulsions and
collapse may occur.
Dust Inhalation Skin Eye contact may cause Blasting
Fumes and/or eye
irritation and corneal
operations
contact
injury due to mechanical
Ingestion
action. Prolonged
exposure to skin may
cause irritation due to
mechanical irritation. Dust
inhaled may cause
irritation to the upper
respiratory tract.
Dust Inhalation Skin It is slightly irritating to Blasting
Gas and/or eye
the skin, and mildly
operations
Mist contact
irritating to the eyes.
Ingestion
Inhalation may result in
upper respiratory irritation
and emphysema. Repeated
exposure may result in
lung changes.
Physical Description
White to buff crystals. No odour.
Exposure Limits None available
CAS Numbe
r
Milky white or coloured solid with a mild odour.
None available
Clear to cloudy liquid. It is odourless.
OEL = 10mg/m3
7440 21-3
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Quartz Isocyanine
Potassium perchlorate
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
521 Dust Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact may Blasting
and/or eye
cause mechanical
operations
contact
irritation. Inhalation of
Ingestion
dust may cause irritation
of the respiratory tract.
356 Gas
Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact may Blasting
Mist and/or eye
cause irritation. Ingestion operations
contact
will cause adverse health
Ingestion
effects. Inhalation will
cause irritation of the
respiratory tract. It may
result in asthma-like
spasms of the bronchial
tubes and difficulty in
breathing. People with a
history of respiratory
disease or hyper
sensitivity should not be
exposed to this product.
Dust Inhalation Skin Inhalation of the product Blasting
and/or eye
may cause irritation to the operations
contact
respiratory tract,
Ingestion
coughing, shortness of
Absorption breath and pulmonary
through skin edema. Ingestion may
cause irritation to the
mucous membranes and
may result in vomiting,
nausea, fever and rushes.
Skin may turn blue due to
Physical Description
White pellets with no odour.
Exposure Limits OEL = 0.1 mg/m3
CAS Numbe
r
14808 60-7
Brown
OEL = 0.02 mg/m3
White odourless powder. It is flammable and a strong oxidizer.
None available
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
PRLC 40
SP 100
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
an oxygen deficiency. Red
blood cells may be broken
down which will result in
kidney damage. It may
also effect the bone
marrow. Skin and eye
contact may cause
irritation resulting in
redness, itching and pain.
Liquid Inhalation Skin This product may cause Batch plant
Fumes and/or eye
respiratory tract, skin and operations
Gas contact
eye irritation. It may cause
Ingestion
a shortness of breath as
well as nose bleeds.
Ingestion may cause
nausea. Direct contact
may cause irritation,
redness, pain, erythema,
flustering, exfoliation,
ulceration, necrosis and
scaring.
Liquid Inhalation Skin It is irritating to the eyes Batch plant
Fumes and/or eye
and skin and may be
operations
Vapour contact
harmful if swallowed.
Ingestion
Vapour may be an irritant
to the mucous membranes
and respiratory tract.
Physical Description
Exposure Limits
CAS Numbe
r
Pink liquid that's Not applicable odourless.
Clear brown liquid with blan odour. Flammable
Not applicable
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
PRPL 25
Meyco SA 160 Meyco TCC 735 Myco TCC 766 Polyheed SG
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
Liquid Inhalation Skin Swallowing of the product Batch plant
Dust and/or eye
may irritate the mouth, operations
Vapour contact
throat and stomach
Mist Ingestion
causing pain, nausea and
vomiting. If it is inhaled it
may cause irritation to the
upper respiratory tract
causing a sore throat,
coughing or breathing
difficulties.
Liquid Inhalation Skin It may cause skin and eye Batch plant
Mist and/or eye
irritation.
operations
contact
Liquid Inhalation Skin
Batch plant
Mist and/or eye
operations
Vapour contact
Ingestion
Liquid Inhalation Skin May be irritating to the Batch plant
Aerosol and/or eye
skin and eyes.
operations
Mist contact
Ingestion
Liquid Inhalation Skin It may cause irritation to Batch plant
Mist and/or eye
the skin and eyes.
operations
Gas contact
Inhalation dangerous if in
Ingestion
contact with acid because
toxic gasses form.
Physical Description
Dark brown liquid with a slight nondistinct odour. Flammable
Exposure Limits Amiene-OEL=?
CAS Numbe
r
White to beige Not applicable liquid.
White liquid with Parraffin-
a low odour.
OEL=2mg/m3
STEL=6mg/m3
Dark brown liquid with no odour.
Not applicable
Brown liquid with a wood resin odour.
Not applicable
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
DELVO Stabilizer 10
Plaster/Gypsu m
Mono blue
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
Physical Description
Exposure Limits
CAS Numbe
r
Liquid Inhalation Skin Skin and eye irritation Batch plant Light pink liquid Hydrochloric Acid-
Mist and/or eye
may occur with burning to operations with a slightly STEL=7mg/m3
contact
the eyes.
acidic odour.
Ingestion
It reacts with
oxidants and
alkaline
compounds.
Dust Inhalation Skin May cause irritation of the Sealing of vent Light coloured to OEL = 5 mg/m3 26499
and/or eye
upper respiratory tract. walls, timber white powder. STEL = 10 mg/m3 65-0
contact
Skin and eye contact may treatment for Slightly soluble.
Ingestion
cause burning, irritation fire
and hardening. If ingested prevention.
it may cause obstruction.
Not applicable
PH Powder Portabloo
Dust
Liquid Mist Vapour
Inhalation
Irritation to the respiratory Toilet product White powder Not applicable
Eye contact system when inhaled. Eye
consisting of a
contact can result in
combination of
corneal damage or
alkali's.
blindness. Inflammation of
the eye is characterized by
redness, watering and
itching.
Inhalation Skin The product is harmful Toilet product Translucent blue Not applicable
and/or eye
with skin contact and will
liquid with a mild
contact
cause burns and irritation.
amine odour.
Inhalation may cause
dizziness and shortness of
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects breath.
Source
Physical Description
Exposure Limits
CAS Numbe
r
i
CM
00
1
1
l^>1- 00
Methane rich
296 Liquid Inhalation Skin Inhalation may cause
Flammable Colourless,
gas
Gas and/or eye
central nervous system gas Drilling odourless.
contact
effects. Headaches,
Intersections Flammable.
Ingestion
nausea, dizziness and a
loss of balance and
coordination may occur.
Unconsciousness, coma
and respiratory failure as
well as death may be
results of exposure.
Welding fumes 598 Fumes Inhalation
Metal fume fever:
Welding operations
Muscle pains
Shivering
Chest tightness
Feverishness
STEL = 1,4% OEL = 5 mg/m3
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Carbon monoxide
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
Gas Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact may Blasting
and/or eye
cause frostbite. Systemic operations
contact
toxicity may cause visual Mine fires
disturbances. Inhalation Diesel
May cause adverse central machinery
nervous system,
cardiovascular,
respiratory, kidney and
liver effects. These effects
may include suffocati8on,
discoloured skin, dilated
pupils, hearing loss,
nausea, vomiting, chest
pain, lung damage,
twitching, muscle spasms,
in coordination, weakness,
numbness, headache,
dizziness, drowsiness,
confusion, hallucinations,
convulsions, blood
disorders, heart failure,
kidney failure, collapse,
unconsciousness, coma
and death.
Physical Description
Colourless, odourless and tasteless. Flammable. Poisonous.
Exposure Limits
OEL =55 mg/m3 STEL = 100 ppm
CAS Numbe
r
630 08-0
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Carbon dioxide gas
Degreaser
Mineral oil
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
Gas Inhalation Skin Over exposure when
Blasting
Liquid and/or eye
inhaled may cause
operations
contact
excitation and depression Mine fires
of the central nervous
Diesel
system. Carbon dioxide machinery
displaces oxygen witch
cause a fall in blood
pressure. Eye contact may
cause a stinging sensation
and inhalation may effect
vision. Skin contact may
cause frostbite.
Gas Inhalation, skin May cause pain and
Engineering
Mist and/or eye
irritation to the skin and operations
contact
eyes. Inhalation may cause
headache, dizziness,
anaesthesia, and
unconsciousness. Repeated
exposure may cause
kidney and liver effects.
Pulmonary irritation may
occur and dermatitis may
result from repeated
exposure.
450 Gas
Inhalation, skin Skin, eye and lung
Engineering
Mist and/or eye
irritation.
operations
contact
Physical Description
Exposure Limits
Colourless,
OEL = 9000
odourless, and mg/m3 STEL
tasteless.
=54000 mg/m3
Could be a liquid
under pressure.
CAS Numbe
r 124 38-9
Colourless liquid Not applicable with a irritating odour. It is slightly soluble in water. Corrosive.
Colourless to light brown liquid. It is flammable.
OEL = 5 mg/m3 STEL = 10 mg/m3
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
White wash
Helium
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Liquid Inhalation Skin May cause skin and eye,
Vapour and/or eye
nose and throat irritation.
Mist contact
Harmful if inhaled.
Dust Ingestion
Aspiration hazard when
swallowed. With chronic
exposure central nervous
system disorders like
weakness, loss of co
ordination, fatigue,
confusion and blurred
vision may occur. Liver
abnormalities as well as
kidney, lung spleen and
eye damage may occur.
Cardiac effect on some
persons.
Source
For fire retardant application
Gas Inhalation Skin Inhalation causes a high Drill
and/or eye
voice. Skin contact may intersections
contact
cause frostbite and eye
contact may cause blurred
vision, deep burns and
pain.
Physical Description
Exposure Limits
CAS Numbe
r
Ammonia-like Titanium dioxide-
odour Flammable OEL=10mg/m3
Calcium
Carbonate-
OEL=10mg/m3
Propylene glycol-
OEL=470mg/m3
Dimethylene
Glycol-OEL = ?
Xylene-
OEL=435mg/m3
STEL= 650mg/m3
Acetone-
OEL=1780mg/m3
STEL=3560mg/m3
Ethyl Benzene-
OEL=435mg/m3
STEL=545mg/m3
Toluene-
OEL=188mg/m3
STEL=560mg/m3
Tetrachloroethylene
-OEL=335mg/m3
STEL=1000mg/m3
Colourless,
None available
odourless. When
refrigerated it
forms a liquefied
gas.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Portland cement
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
120/121 Dust Inhalation Skin No serious harm when Batch plant
and/or eye
dry. Inhalation may cause operations
contact
irritation or inflammation. Concrete
Ingestion
Wet cement may cause mixing
serious burns, eyes may
be irritated and chemical
burns as well as blindness
may occur. Prolonged
exposure may cause
silicoses. Irritation of the
moist mucous membranes,
nose, throat and upper
respiratory tract. It may
contain traces of
substances that's listed as
carcinogenic.
Physical Description
Light grey powder.
Exposure Limits OEL = 10 mg/m3
CAS Numbe
r
65997 15-1
MK ENV 01092002
HEG Identification : RAISE BORING / DRY DRILLING (12)
Activity Description Activity Area Code Occupations Raise and tunnel bore operator Raise and tunnel bore supervisor
Code 20607 20606
Chemicals Involved
Pollutant Name
Dust
Pollutant Code
Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Dust Inhalation or
eye contact
Health Effects
Coughing & mild irritation. Eye contact may result in tears and mild irritation to the eyes.
Silica Dust (respirable)
Methane rich gas
522 Dust inhalation, skin Coughing and mild
and/or eye
irritation. Skin contact
contact
may result in
granulomas. Silicoses
may occur with
prolonged exposure.
Carsinogenogen.
296 Liquid Inhalation Skin Inhalation may cause
Gas and/or eye
central nervous system
contact
effects. Headaches,
Source
Blasting, scraping, tipping, drilling, transport, travelling, spillage. Blasting, scraping, tipping, drilling, transport, travelling, spillage. Flammable gas Drilling
Physical Description
Finely divided solid matter.
Exposure Limits OEL = 1mg/m3
CAS Number
Colourless to white, green, purple or black crystals. Odourless.
OEL =0.1mg/m3
14808 60-7
Colourless, odourless. Flammable.
STEL = 1,4%
74--82-8
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Mineral oil Hydrogen
Hydraulic Fluid
Carbon monoxide
Pollutant Code
450
Possible Nature Exposure
Pathways Ingestion
Gas Mist
Inhalation, skin and/or eye contact
Health Effects
nausea, dizziness and a loss of balance and coordination may occur. Unconsciousness, coma and respiratory failure as well as death may be results of exposure. Skin, eye and lung irritation.
Source Intersections
Engineering operations
296 Gas
Inhalation, skin Inhalation may cause
Flammable
Vapour and/or eye
dizziness, asphixia,
gas
contact
laboured breathing and Drilling
unconsciousness. Skin Intersections
contact may cause frost
bite. Inhalation may also
cause a high voice and
suffocation.
Liquid Inhalation Skin It is mildly irritating to LHD
Mist and/or eye
the skin and eyes.
machinery
Vapour contact
Inhalation may result in Engineering
Ingestion
mild irritation of the
operations
upper respiratory tract.
This product is slightly
toxic when swallowed.
Gas Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact may Blasting
and/or eye
cause frostbite. Systemic operations
contact
toxicity may cause visual Mine fires
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Colourless to OEL = 5 mg/m3
light brown
STEL = 10 mg/m3
liquid. It is
flammable.
Odourless,
STEL = 1,4%
colourlessliquefie
d gas. Extremely
Flammable
1333-74 0
Amber lubricating liquid. It has a hydrocarbon odour. Is oxidating.
Not applicable
Colourless, odourless and tasteless.
OEL =55 mg/m3 630-08-0 STEL = 100 ppm
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Carbon dioxide gas
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
disturbances. Inhalation Diesel
May cause adverse
machinery
central nervous system,
cardiovascular,
respiratory, kidney and
liver effects. These
effects may include
suffocati8on, discoloured
skin, dilated pupils,
hearing loss, nausea,
vomiting, chest pain,
lung damage, twitching,
muscle spasms, in
coordination, weakness,
numbness, headache,
dizziness, drowsiness,
confusion, hallucinations,
convulsions, blood
disorders, heart failure,
kidney failure, collapse,
unconsciousness, coma
and death.
Gas Inhalation Skin Over exposure when
Blasting
Liquid and/or eye
inhaled may cause
operations
contact
excitation and depression Mine fires
of the central nervous Diesel
system. Carbon dioxide machinery
displaces oxygen witch
cause a fall in blood
pressure. Eye contact
Physical Description
Flammable. Poisonous.
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Colourless,
OEL =9000 mg/m3 124-38-9
odourless, and STEL =54000
tasteless.
mg/m3
Could be a liquid
under pressure.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
may cause a stinging sensation and inhalation may effect vision. Skin contact may cause frostbite.
Source
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
MK ENV 01092002
HEG Identification : UNDERGROUND WORKSHOPS (18)
Activity Description Activity Area Code Occupations Auto electrician Diesel mechanic Diesel mech: apprentice Diesel mech: chargehand Diesel mech: forman Fitter Fitter: apprentice Fitter: chargehand Fitter: forman Fitter & turner
Code 40319 40477 40478 40476 40475 40432 40433 40431 40430 40428
Occupations Fitter & turner: apprentice Fitter & turner: chargehand Fitter & turner: forman Fitter: operative Gr.1 Fitter: operative Gr.2 Fitter: worker Mechanical eng. worker Mechanical forman Mechanical tradesman Welder
Code 40429 40427 40426
40434 40435 40436 40520 40599 40520 40456
Chemicals Involved
Pollutant Name
Dust
Pollutant Code
Possible Nature Exposure
Pathways Dust Inhalation or
eye contact
Health Effects
Source
Coughing & mild irritation. Eye contact may result in tears and mild irritation to the eyes.
Blasting, scraping, tipping, drilling, transport, travelling, spillage.
Physical Description
Finely divided solid matter.
Exposure Limits OEL =1mg/m3
CAS Number
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Ammonia
Silica Dust (respirable)
Pollutant Code
24
Possible
Nature Exposure
Health Effects
Source
Pathways
Gas inhalation,
Corrosive gas - may be Blasting
ingestion
fatal if inhaled. Lung operations
(solution), skin injury. Severe
and/or eye
respiratory tract irritant.
contact
Irritating to the nose and
(solution/liquid) throat. Mildly irritating
to moist skin - blisters
may occur.
522 Dust inhalation, skin Coughing and mild
Blasting,
and/or eye
irritation. Skin contact scraping,
contact
may result in
tipping,
granulomas. Silicoses drilling,
may occur with
transport,
prolonged exposure.
travelling,
Carsinogenogen.
spillage.
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Colourless gas OEL =17mg/m3
with a sharp,
STEL =24mg/m3
pungent,
suffocating,
intensely
irritating odour.
Colourless liquid
under pressure
but can
decompose at
high temperature
to form very
flammable
hydrogen and
toxic nitrogen
dioxide.
Colourless to OEL =0.1 mg/m3
white, green,
purple or black
crystals.
Odourless.
7664-41 7
14808 60-7
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Diesel fumes
Carbon oil
Pollutant Code
Possible Nature Exposure
Pathways Mist Inhalation Vapour
Health Effects Carcinogen
Source
Diesel machinery
43 Liquid inhalation,
Harmful when inhaled Engineering
Vapour ingestion
or swallowed. Central operations
(solution), skin nervous system
and/or eye
depressant. It causes
contact
headache, nausea,
(solution/liquid) dizziness, drowsiness,
and confusion. It may
cause blood and bone
marrow effects.
Aspiration hazard.
Prolonged exposure may
result in dermatitis.
Carcinogen & Mutagen.
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Colourless oily NO2-
liquid. May burn OEL=5mg/m3
if strongly
STEL=9mg/m3
heated.
SO2-OEL=5mg/m3
STEL=13mg/m3
NO
OEL=30mg/m3
STEL=45mg/m3
CO
OEL=55mg/m3
DIESEL
PARTICULATE
MATTER OEL= ?
Clear and
Toluene-
colourless liquid. OEL=188mg/m3
Aromatic
STEL = 560mg/m3
hydrocarbon
Tetrachloroethylene
odour. Vapour is -OEL=335mg/m3
heavier than air, STEL =
thus might spread 1000mg/m3
long distances. EthylBenzene-
Liquid can float OEL=435
on water, thus STEL = 545mg/m3
might spread
Xylene-OEL=435
fire. Decompose STEL = 650mg/m3
at high
temperature and
forming toxic
gases.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Degreaser
Mineral oil Grease
Pollutant Code
450
Possible Nature Exposure
Pathways Gas Inhalation, skin Mist and/or eye
contact
Gas Mist
Inhalation, skin and/or eye contact
Health Effects
Source
May cause pain and
Engineering
irritation to the skin and operations
eyes. Inhalation may
cause headache,
dizziness, anaesthesia,
and unconsciousness.
Repeated exposure may
cause kidney and liver
effects. Pulmonary
irritation may occur and
dermatitis may result
from repeated exposure.
Skin, eye and lung
Engineering
irritation.
operations
298 Fluid Inhalation Skin
Mild skin and eye
Engineering
irritation. Inhalation of operations
smoke contaminated
with grease may cause
throat irritation,
coughing and a tightness
in chest. Lungs may
become irritated from
fluorine components.
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Colourless liquid Not applicable with a irritating odour. It is slightly soluble in water. Corrosive.
Colourless to light brown liquid. It is flammable. White dense and viscous fluid
OEL = 5 mg/m3 STEL = 10 mg/m3
Not applicable
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Welding fumes
Aerosol Paint
Pollutant Code
598
Possible
Nature Exposure
Health Effects
Source
Pathways
Fumes Inhalation
Metal fume fever:
Welding
Muscle pains
operations
Shivering
Chest tightness
Feverishness
Liquid Inhalation Skin May cause skin and eye Marking off
Vapour and/or eye
irritation. When inhaled
Fumes contact
or ingested person may
Mist Ingestion
suffer from severe
respiratory distress as
well as central nervous
system depression.
Prolonged and/or
repeated skin contact
may cause dermatitis.
Physical Description
Exposure Limits OEL = 5 mg/m3
Various colours Not applicable Flammable
CAS Number
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Electroclean
Quick start
Pollutant Code
Possible
Nature Exposure
Health Effects
Source
Pathways
Liquid Inhalation Skin Skin and eye irritation Engineering
Gas and/or eye
may occur while
operations
contact
inhalation may cause
Ingestion
acute irritation and
respiratory effects.
Excess inhalation may
cause dizziness,
giddiness and nausea.
Diliberate inhalation
may be fatal. Repeated
exposure may cause
permanent central
nervous system damage.
Irreversible effects to the
liver and kidneys may
result. Ingestion causes
nausea, cramps,
vomiting and diarrhea.
Liquid Inhalation Skin Inhalation may cause Engineering
Vapour and/or eye
dizziness, strong
operations
Mist contact
anesthesia, intoxication
and unconsciousness.
Skin contact may cause
irritation and defatting
of the skin.
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Colourless liquid Toluene-
with a
OEL=188mg/m3
hydrocarbon
STEL = 560mg/m3
odour.
Tetrachloroethylene
Flammable.
-OEL=335mg/m3
STEL =
1000mg/m3
EthylBenzene-
OEL=435
STEL = 545mg/m3
Xylene-OEL=435
STEL = 650mg/m3
Hydrocarbons
(Nonane)-
OEL=1049mg/m3
Pale yellow
None available
liquid to clear
liquid. It has a
strong ethereal
odour. It
evaporates
quickly and
leaves a slight
lubricant residue.
Extremely
Flammable.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Loctite
Wynn's Green Cleaner
Pollutant Code
Possible
Nature Exposure
Health Effects
Source
Pathways
Gas Inhalation Skin Ingestion may cause
Engineering
Past and/or eye
delayed effects on the operations
contact
blood, gastrointestinal,
Ingestion
nervous and
reproductive system.
Skin contact may result
in dermatitis.
Carcinogen.
Gas Inhalation Skin Skin contact may result Engineering
Smoke and/or eye
in absorption of harmful operations
Mist contact
amounts which may
Ingestion
result in central nervous
system depression. Eye
contact may cause
irritation. Inhalation of
the product may cause
nose, throat and
respiratory tract
irritation as well as
central nervous system
depression. Irritation to
the digestive tract and
red blood hemolysis
when swallowed. It may
cause dizziness,
headache, nausea,
vomiting and
incoordination.
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
White paste and black paste with a mild odour.
Aluminum Hydroxide-OEL=? TitaniumDioxideOEL=10mg/m3
Green liquid with Not applicable a characteristic odour. Flammable.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Rubber solvent
Anti rust
Ammonium nitrate
Pollutant Code
Possible
Nature Exposure
Health Effects
Source
Pathways
Liquid Inhalation Skin It may cause moderate Engineering
Mist and/or eye
skin irritation, defatting operations
Vapour contact
and dermatitis.
Ingestion
Inhalation may cause
dizziness, headache and
unconsciousness.
Ingestion cause
vomiting, nausea and
diarrhea. Inhalation may
cause bronchopneumonia
and Pulmonary edema.
Liquid Inhalation Skin It may cause burns in Engineering
Mist and/or eye
the eyes and on the skin operations
Gas contact
when contact occurs. It
Ingestion
may also be corrosive to
the eyes. Inhalation may
cause irritation to the
respiratory tachea.
Liquid Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact Blasting
Gas and/or eye
may cause dryness and operations
Mist contact
irritation. Inhalation may
Ingestion
cause a sore throat,
coughing and a shortness
of breath. Ingestion may
cause dizziness, cramps,
vomiting, blood
disorders, weakness and
depression.
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Flammable liquid None available with a mild odour.
Colourless
Phosphoric Acids-
limphid liquid. It OEL=1mg/m3
is very syrupy STEL=3mg/m3
with no odour.
White to cream in colour, but odourless.
None available
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Metal Powder
Copper metal
Nitrocellulose
Pollutant Code
154/155
Possible
Nature Exposure
Health Effects
Source
Pathways
Dust Inhalation Skin Fumes generated may be Blasting
and/or eye
dangerous. Dryness and operations
contact
irritation of the throat,
nose, eyes, and lungs
may occur. Dizziness
and nausea may result.
May be a carcinogen.
Dust Inhalation Skin Is a mechanical irritant Blasting
Vapour and/or eye
when in eye which may operations
Fumes contact
cause severe corneal
Ingestion
damage. When ingested
it may cause intense
abdominal pain.
Inhalation may cause
metal fume fever,
headache, a metallic
taste in mouth, cough,
thirst, shortness of
breath, fever, pain in the
legs and chest. May
discolour the skin.
Dust Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact Blasting
Gas and/or eye
may cause irritation. operations
contact
Inhalation may cause
narcosis, weakness,
drowsiness and
unconsciousness.
Physical Description
Odourless metallic grey powder.
Exposure Limits None available
CAS Number
Bright reddish, OEL = 1 mg/m3 lustrous metal in STEL = 2 mg/m3 the form of foil, wire or turnings. Odourless.
7440-50 8
Alcohol odour. None available
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Tin
Citric acid Gold reference
Pollutant Code
567/568
Possible
Nature Exposure
Health Effects
Source
Pathways
Dust Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact Blasting
Fumes and/or eye
may cause mechanical operations
contact
irritation. Inhalation may
Ingestion
cause fatigue and
anaemia. Central
nervous system damage,
nasal inflammation and
kidney disfunction may
occur. It may also cause
headache, nausea,
muscular pain and
possible liver damage.
Dust Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact Blasting
and/or eye
may cause a slight
operations
contact
irritation. If inhaled
irritation may occur.
Liquid Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact Blasting
Mist and/or eye
may cause irritation, operations
contact
burns, blisters,
Ingestion
watering, conjunctivitis
and dermatitis.
Inhalation may also
cause irritation of the
eyes, nose, throat, and
upper respiratory tract,
coughing and choking.
Over exposure may lead
to ulceration of the oral
and nasal mucosa.
Ingestion may cause
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Silver-grey metal OEL = 2 mg/m3 that's odourless. STEL = 4 mg/m3 Various shapes and sizes.
Powder with no None available known odour. Colourless crystals. Clear, yellow None available liquid with a slight hydrochloric acid odour.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
burns to the mouth, throat, oesophagus and stomach. It may also cause nausea and vomiting.
Source
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Iron
Activated charcoal
Polyethylene
348 Dust Inhalation Skin It may cause mild
Blasting
White crystals OEL = 5 mg/m
1309-37
Fumes and/or eye
irritation to the
operations with no odour. STEL = 10 mg/m3 1
Mist contact
respiratory tract when
Ingestion
inhaled. Large doses
ingested may cause
gastrointestinal
disturbances. Skin and
eye contact may cause
irritation.
Dust Inhalation Skin If inhaled it may cause Blasting
Fine black
None available
and/or eye
respiratory tract and
operations
powder that's
contact
cardiovascular effects.
odourless.
Ingestion
When ingested it may
Flammable
cause mild irritation to
the gastrointestinal tract.
Skin and eye contact
may cause redness.
Dust Inhalation Skin Eye contact may result Blasting
No odour.
None available
Vapour and/or eye
in irritation or corneal operations
s contact
injury due to mechanical
Ingestion
action.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Potassium nitrate
Polycarbonate
Silicon dioxide
Pollutant Code
Possible
Nature Exposure
Health Effects
Source
Pathways
Dust Inhalation
Eye contact may cause Blasting
Fumes Eye contact
mild irritation and may operations
burn. Dust may be
irritating when inhaled.
Symptoms like
weakness, depression,
headache, mental
impairment, dizziness,
abdominal cramps,
vomiting, bloody
diarrhoea, convulsions
and collapse may occur.
Dust Inhalation Skin Eye contact may cause Blasting
Fumes and/or eye
irritation and corneal operations
contact
injury due to mechanical
Ingestion
action. Prolonged
exposure to skin may
cause irritation due to
mechanical irritation.
Dust inhaled may cause
irritation to the upper
respiratory tract.
Dust Inhalation Skin It is slightly irritating to Blasting
Gas and/or eye
the skin, and mildly
operations
Mist contact
irritating to the eyes.
Ingestion
Inhalation may result in
upper respiratory
irritation and
emphysema. Repeated
exposure may result in
Physical Description
White to buff crystals. No odour.
Exposure Limits None available
CAS Number
Milky white or coloured solid with a mild odour.
None available
Clear to cloudy liquid. It is odourless.
OEL = 10mg/m3
7440-213
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects lung changes.
Source
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Quartz Isocyanine
521 Dust Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact Blasting
White pellets OEL = 0.1 mg/m3 14808
and/or eye
may cause mechanical operations with no odour.
60-7
contact
irritation. Inhalation of
Ingestion
dust may cause irritation
of the respiratory tract.
356 Gas Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact Blasting
Brown
OEL = 0.02 mg/m3
Mist and/or eye
may cause irritation. operations
contact
Ingestion will cause
Ingestion
adverse health effects.
Inhalation will cause
irritation of the
respiratory tract. It may
result in asthma-like
spasms of the bronchial
tubes and difficulty in
breathing. People with a
history of respiratory
disease or hyper
sensitivity should not be
exposed to this product.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Potassium perchlorate
PH Powder
Pollutant Code
Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
Physical Description
Dust Inhalation Skin Inhalation of the product Blasting
White odourless
and/or eye
may cause irritation to operations powder. It is
contact
the respiratory tract,
flammable and a
Ingestion
coughing, shortness of
strong oxidizer.
Absorption
breath and pulmonary
through skin edema. Ingestion may
cause irritation to the
mucous membranes and
may result in vomiting,
nausea, fever and
rushes. Skin may turn
blue due to an oxygen
deficiency. Red blood
cells may be broken
down which will result
in kidney damage. It
may also effect the bone
marrow. Skin and eye
contact may cause
irritation resulting in
redness, itching and
pain.
Dust Inhalation
Irritation to the
Toilet product White powder
Eye contact
respiratory system when
consisting of a
inhaled. Eye contact can
combination of
result in corneal damage
alkali's.
or blindness.
Inflammation of the eye
is characterized by
redness, watering and
Exposure Limits None available
None available
CAS Number
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects itching.
Source
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Portabloo
Mono blue Stripper Turpentine
Liquid Inhalation Skin The product is harmful Toilet product Translucent blue None available
Mist and/or eye
with skin contact and
liquid with a mild
Vapour contact
will cause burns and
amine odour.
irritation. Inhalation may
cause dizziness and
shortness of breath.
Toilet product
None available
Liquid Inhalation Skin
Engineering
Vapour and/or eye
operations
Mist contact
Ingestion
Liquid Inhalation Skin It may cause skin
Engineering
Vapour and/or eye
irritation, dermatitis or operations
Mist contact
chemical burns. The
Ingestion
liquid can penetrate the
skin to cause systemic
effects. Contact with the
eyes may cause
conjunctivitis or corneal
burns. Ingestion may
cause nausea, serious
illness or death. If
inhaled it may produce
irritation, headache,
Clear to yellow- Not applicable brown liquid.
Clear, colourless OEL =560 mg/m3 8006-64
liquid with a
STEL =840 mg/m3 2
pungent odour.
Flammable.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
dizziness, chest pain, pulmonary edema, cyanosis, narcosis and rapid heart rate.
Source
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Carbon monoxide
Gas Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact Blasting
Colourless,
OEL =55 mg/m3) 630-08-0
and/or eye
may cause frostbite.
operations
odourless and STEL = 100 ppm
contact
Systemic toxicity may Mine fires tasteless.
cause visual
Diesel
Flammable.
disturbances. Inhalation machinery Poisonous.
May cause adverse
central nervous system,
cardiovascular,
respiratory, kidney and
liver effects. These
effects may include
suffocati8on,
discoloured skin, dilated
pupils, hearing loss,
nausea, vomiting, chest
pain, lung damage,
twitching, muscle
spasms, in coordination,
weakness, numbness,
headache, dizziness,
drowsiness, confusion,
hallucinations,
convulsions, blood
disorders, heart failure,
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Carbon dioxide gas
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
kidney failure, collapse, unconsciousness, coma and death.
Source
Gas Liquid
Inhalation Skin Over exposure when Blasting
and/or eye
inhaled may cause
operations
contact
excitation and
Mine fires
depression of the central Diesel
nervous system. Carbon machinery
dioxide displaces oxygen
witch cause a fall in
blood pressure. Eye
contact may cause a
stinging sensation and
inhalation may effect
vision. Skin contact may
cause frostbite.
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Colourless,
OEL = 9000
odourless, and mg/m3 STEL
tasteless.
=54000 mg/m3
Could be a liquid
under pressure.
124-38-9
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Caustic soda
Silicon Grease Sulphuric acid
Pollutant Code
Possible
Nature Exposure
Health Effects
Source
Pathways
Liquid Inhalation Skin Skin contact may cause
Mist and/or eye
burns, frequently
Vapour contact
causing deep
Ingestion
ulceration's and ultimate
scarring. It is extremely
hazardous when in skin
contact. Eye contact
may cause server burns
and possible blindness.
Inhalation of the product
may cause damage to the
upper respiratory tract
and lungs. It is very
hangerous in case of
inhalation. When
ingested it may be
corrosive to the
gastrointestinal tract.
Vapour Inhalation Skin Eye contact may result Engineering
and/or eye
in temporary discomfort. operations
contact
Allergic conditions may
Ingestion
occur.
Liquid Inhalation Skin Inhalation may cause a Battery Bays
Mist and/or eye
burning sensation,
Aerosol contact
coughing and laboured
Vapour Ingestion
breathing. It is a
corrosive substance. Eye
contact may cause
redness, pain and deep
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Clear to slightly Sodium Hydroxideturbid colourless. STEL=2mg/m3 It is odourless.
White, clear, black or yellow in colour and with very little odour. Past-like. Colourless, oily hygroscopic liquid with no odour. It's a strong acid.
None available
OEL = 1 mg/m3 STEL = 3 mg/m3
7664-93 9
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Hydrogen
Galvanized carbon steel
Galvanized metal primer
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
burns. Ingestion can cause abdominal pain, burning sensation and collapse.
Source
Gas Inhalation Skin Inhalation may cause Flammable
Vapour and/or eye
dizziness, asphixia,
gas
contact
laboured breathing and Drilling
unconsciousness. Skin intersections
contact may cause
Battery Bays
frostbite. Inhalation may
cause a high voice and
suffocation.
Dust Inhalation
Metal fever may occur. Welding
Fumes Skin and/or eye Eye contact may cause operations
contact
irritation. Siderosis may
occur from prolonged
exposure. Skin contact
may cause irritation and
dermatitis. Some metals
are carsinogenic.
Liquid Inhalation
Skin and eye contact Welding
Smoke Skin and/or eye may cause irritation and operations
Fumes contact
inflammation. Over
Skin absorption exposure may cause
Ingestion
headache, dizziness,
drowsiness, coughing
and irritation of the
respiratory tract.
Ingestion may cause
Physical Description
Exposure Limits
Odourless, colourless compressed liquefied gas. Extremely flammable.
STEL = 1.4%
Silver-grey metallic steel.
Metals
White liquid with Metals a petroleum odour. (Rust paint)
CAS Number
1333-74 0
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Pollutant Code Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
nausea, vomiting and irritation. Repeated exposure to xylene may increase risk of injury o the kidneys, liver and the respiratory tract.
Source
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
MK ENV 01092002
HEG Identification :
ROVING UNDERGROUND (17)
Activity Description Activity Area Code Occupations Air & water services team leader Air & water services worker Air quality analyst Boiler attendant Boilermaker: operative aide Gr. 2 Boilermaker: operative Gr. 1 Cable joiner Carpenter Cementation supervisor Cementation worker Chairlift operator Compressor attendant Compressor driver Contractor outside Diamond drill team leader Diamond drill worker Diamond driller Diesel mechanic Diesel mechanic: apprentice Diesel mechanic: chargehand Diesel mechanic: foreman Electrical chargehand Electrical eng. Worker Electrical engineer Electrician
Code 21507 21508
40803 40451 40450 40343 40621 21601 21699 21307 40804
49902 50111 50112 50110 40477 40478 40476 40475 40341 40399 40301 40314
Occupations Environmental superintendent Filter operator/worker Filter team leader Firemaster First aid attendant General engineering supervisor General manager Geological management Geological observer Geological technician Geological worker Geologist Haulage rail transport worker Haulage team leader Industrial engineering officer Instrument mechanic Instrument technician Junior engineer (civil engineer) Junior engineer (electrical engineer) Junior engineer (mechanical engineer) Learner miner Learner official (assay chemistry) Learner official (electrical eng.) Learner official (engineering) Learner official (geology)
Code 51002 30302 30301 80201 70802 40002
101 50100 50109 50108 50199 50101 21099 21001 50704 40325 40322 40602 40302 40402 20309 50409 40303 40206 50113
Occupations Occupational hygienist Refrigeration engineer Refrigeration mechanic Refrigeration plant operator Refrigeration plant team leader Rigger & ropeman Rigger & ropeman worker Rigger & ropeman: apprentice Rigger & ropeman: chargehand Rigger & ropeman: forman Rigger aide Rock mechanic engineer Rock mechanic management Rock mechanics officer Safety/loss control auditor Safety/loss control manager Safety/loss control observer Safety/loss control officer Safety/loss control worker Salvage & reclamation worker Sanitation worker Section manager Survey (mine) Shift boss Shotcrete worker
Code 70121 40412 40413 40415 40414 40508 40511 40509 40507 40506 40510 50301 50300 50302 50802 50800 50803 50801 50899 29907 40904 20001 50202 20302 20804
MK ENV 01092002
Electrician: aide Electrician: apprentice Electrician: chargehand Electrician: foreman Electronic technician Engineer Engineering assistant Engineering foreman Engineering team leader Environmental assistant Environmental construction worker Environmental engineer Environmental observer Environmental officer
Chemicals Involved
40317 40315 40313 40312 40311 40201 40205 40004 49901 51004 51007 51001 51005 51003
Learner official (mechanical eng.) Learner official (metallurgy) Learner official (mining) Mechanical engineering worker Mechanical forman Machinery inspector Meshing and lacing team leader Meshing and lacing worker Mine construction team leader Mine construction worker Mine overseer Mine police Miner general Mining engineer
40403 30105 20202 40599 40520
20803 20804 21510 21599 20002 80103 20305 20201
Spannerman Strata control observer Strata control officer Student (engineering) Student (geology) Survey worker Trainer Training officer Transport worker Winding engine driver Work study observer Work study officer
20405 50304 50303 49993 50193 50299 29998 60301 81399 21301 50707 50706
Pollutant Name
Dust
Silica Dust (respirable)
Pollutant Code
Possible Nature Exposure
Pathways Dust Inhalation or
eye contact
Health Effects
Coughing & mild irritation. Eye contact may result in tears and mild irritation to the eyes.
522 Dust inhalation, skin Coughing and mild
and/or eye
irritation. Skin contact
contact
may result in
granulomas. Silicoses
may occur with
Source
Blasting, scraping, tipping, drilling, transport, travelling, spillage. Blasting, scraping, tipping, drilling, transport,
Physical Description
Finely divided solid matter.
Exposure Limits OEL =1mg/m3
CAS Number
Colourless to white, green, purple or black crystals. Odourless.
OEL =0.1mg/m3
14808 60-7
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Ammonia
Pollutant Code
24
Possible
Nature
Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
prolonged exposure. Carsinogenogen.
travelling, spillage.
Gas inhalation,
Corrosive gas - may be Blasting
ingestion
fatal if inhaled. Lung operations
(solution), skin injury. Severe
and/or eye
respiratory tract irritant.
contact
Irritating to the nose and
(solution/liquid throat. Mildly irritating
) to moist skin - blisters
may occur.
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Colourless gas OEL =17 mg/m3
with a sharp,
STEL =24mg/m3
pungent,
suffocating,
intensely
irritating odour.
Colourless liquid
under pressure
but can
decompose at
high temperature
to form very
flammable
hydrogen and
toxic nitrogen
dioxide.
7664-41 7
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Diesel fumes
Carbon oil
Pollutant Code
Possible Nature Exposure
Pathways Mist Inhalation Vapour
Health Effects Carcinogen
Source
Diesel machinery
43 Liquid inhalation, Harmful when inhaled Engineering
Vapour ingestion
or swallowed. Central operations
(solution), skin nervous system
and/or eye
depressant. It causes
contact
headache, nausea,
(solution/liquid dizziness, drowsiness,
) and confusion. It may cause blood and bone
marrow effects.
Aspiration hazard.
Prolonged exposure may
result in dermatitis.
Carcinogen & Mutagen.
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Colourless oily NO2-
liquid. May burn OEL=5mg/m3
if strongly
STEL=9mg/m3
heated.
SO2-OEL=5mg/m3
STEL=13mg/m3
NO
OEL=30mg/m3
STEL=45mg/m3
CO
OEL=55mg/m3
DIESEL
PARTICULATE
MATTER OEL= ?
Clear and
Toluene-
colourless liquid. OEL=188mg/m3
Aromatic
STEL = 560mg/m3
hydrocarbon
Tetrachloroethylene
odour. Vapour is -OEL=335mg/m3
heavier than air, STEL =
thus might spread 1000mg/m3
long distances. EthylBenzene-
Liquid can float OEL=435
on water, thus STEL = 545mg/m3
might spread
Xylene-OEL=435
fire. Decompose STEL = 650mg/m3
at high
temperature and
forming toxic
gases.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Degreaser
Mineral oil
Pollutant Code
450
Possible
Nature Exposure
Health Effects
Source
Pathways
Gas Inhalation, skin May cause pain and
Engineering
Mist and/or eye
irritation to the skin and operations
contact
eyes. Inhalation may
cause headache,
dizziness, anaesthesia,
and unconsciousness.
Repeated exposure may
cause kidney and liver
effects. Pulmonary
irritation may occur and
dermatitis may result
from repeated exposure.
Gas Inhalation, skin Skin, eye and lung
Engineering
Mist and/or eye
irritation.
operations
contact
Grease
298 Fluid Inhalation Skin
Welding fumes 598 Fumes Inhalation
Mild skin and eye
Engineering
irritation. Inhalation of operations
smoke contaminated
with grease may cause
throat irritation,
coughing and a tightness
in chest. Lungs may
become irritated from
fluorine components.
Metal fume fever:
Welding
Muscle pains
operations
Shivering
Chest tightness
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Colourless liquid Not applicable with a irritating odour. It is slightly soluble in water. Corrosive.
Colourless to light brown liquid. It is flammable. White dense and viscous fluid
OEL = 5 mg/m3 STEL = 10 mg/m3
Not applicable
OEL = 5 mg/m3
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Pollutant
Code
Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects Feverishness
Source
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Aerosol Paint
Liquid Inhalation Skin May cause skin and eye Marking off
Vapour and/or eye
irritation. When inhaled
Fumes contact
or ingested person may
Mist Ingestion
suffer from severe
respiratory distress as
well as central nervous
system depression.
Prolonged and/or
repeated skin contact
may cause dermatitis.
Various colours Not applicable Flammable
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
White wash
Ammonium nitrate
Pollutant Code
Possible
Nature Exposure
Health Effects
Source
Pathways
Liquid Inhalation Skin May cause skin and eye, For fire
Vapour and/or eye
nose and throat
retardant
Mist contact
irritation. Harmful if application
Dust Ingestion
inhaled. Aspiration
hazard when swallowed.
With chronic exposure
central nervous system
disorders like weakness,
loss of co-ordination,
fatigue, confusion and
blurred vision may
occur. Liver
abnormalities as well as
kidney, lung spleen and
eye damage may occur.
Cardiac effect on some
persons.
Liquid Gas Mist
Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact Blasting
and/or eye
may cause dryness and operations
contact
irritation. Inhalation may
Ingestion
cause a sore throat,
coughing and a shortness
of breath. Ingestion may
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Ammonia-like Titanium dioxideodour Flammable OEL=10mg/m3
Calcium CarbonateOEL=10mg/m3 Propylene glycolOEL=470mg/m3 Dimethylene Glycol-OEL = ? XyleneOEL=435mg/m3 STEL= 650mg/m3 AcetoneOEL=1780mg/m3 STEL=3560mg/m3 Ethyl BenzeneOEL=435mg/m3 STEL=545mg/m3 TolueneOEL=188mg/m3 STEL=560mg/m3 Tetrachloroethylene -OEL=335mg/m3 STEL=1000mg/m3 White to cream Not applicable in colour, but odourless.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Metal Powder Copper metal
Nitrocellulose
Pollutant Code
154/155
Possible
Nature Exposure
Health Effects
Source
Pathways
cause dizziness, cramps,
vomiting, blood
disorders, weakness and
depression.
Dust Inhalation Skin Fumes generated may be Blasting
and/or eye
dangerous. Dryness and operations
contact
irritation of the throat,
nose, eyes, and lungs
may occur. Dizziness
and nausea may result.
May be a carcinogen.
Dust Inhalation Skin Is a mechanical irritant Blasting
Vapour and/or eye
when in eye which may operations
Fumes contact
cause severe corneal
Ingestion
damage. When ingested
it may cause intense
abdominal pain.
Inhalation may cause
metal fume fever,
headache, a metallic
taste in mouth, cough,
thirst, shortness of
breath, fever, pain in the
legs and chest. May
discolour the skin.
Dust Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact Blasting
Gas and/or eye
may cause irritation. operations
contact
Inhalation may cause
narcosis, weakness,
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Odourless metallic grey powder.
Not applicable
Bright reddish, OEL = 1 mg/m3 lustrous metal in STEL = 2 mg/m3 the form of foil, wire or turnings. Odourless.
7440-50 8
Alcohol odour. Not applicable
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Tin
Citric acid Gold reference
Pollutant Code
567/568
Possible
Nature
Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
drowsiness and unconsciousness.
Dust Fumes
Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact Blasting
and/or eye
may cause mechanical operations
contact
irritation. Inhalation may
Ingestion
cause fatigue and
anaemia. Central nervous system damage, nasal inflammation and kidney disfunction may occur. It may also cause headache, nausea, muscular pain and
possible liver damage.
Dust
Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact
and/or eye
may cause a slight
contact
irritation. If inhaled
irritation may occur.
Blasting operations
Liquid Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact
Mist and/or eye
may cause irritation,
Blasting operations
contact Ingestion
burns, blisters, watering, conjunctivitis and dermatitis. Inhalation may also cause irritation of the
eyes, nose, throat, and upper respiratory tract, coughing and choking.
Over exposure may lead
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Silver-grey metal OEL = 2 mg/m3 that's odourless. STEL = 4 mg/m3 Various shapes and sizes.
Powder with no Not applicable known odour. Colourless crystals. Clear, yellow Not applicable liquid with a slight hydrochloric acid odour.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Iron
Activated charcoal
Polyethylene
Pollutant Code
348
Possible
Nature Exposure
Health Effects
Source
Pathways
to ulceration of the oral
and nasal mucosa.
Ingestion may cause
burns to the mouth,
throat, oesophagus and
stomach. It may also
cause nausea and
vomiting.
Dust Inhalation Skin It may cause mild
Blasting
Fumes and/or eye
irritation to the
operations
Mist contact
respiratory tract when
Ingestion
inhaled. Large doses
ingested may cause
gastrointestinal
disturbances. Skin and
eye contact may cause
irritation.
Dust Inhalation Skin If inhaled it may cause Blasting
and/or eye
respiratory tract and
operations
contact
cardiovascular effects.
Ingestion
When ingested it may
cause mild irritation to
the gastrointestinal tract.
Skin and eye contact
may cause redness.
Dust Inhalation Skin Eye contact may result Blasting
Vapours and/or eye
in irritation or corneal operations
contact
injury due to mechanical
Ingestion
action.
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
White crystals OEL = 5 mg/m
1309-37
with no odour. STEL = 10 mg/m3 1
Fine black powder that's odourless. Flammable
Not applicable
No odour.
Not applicable
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Potassium nitrate
Polycarbonate
Silicon dioxide
Pollutant Code
Possible
Nature Exposure
Health Effects
Source
Pathways
Dust Inhalation
Eye contact may cause Blasting
Fumes Eye contact mild irritation and may operations
burn. Dust may be
irritating when inhaled.
Symptoms like
weakness, depression,
headache, mental
impairment, dizziness,
abdominal cramps,
vomiting, bloody
diarrhoea, convulsions
and collapse may occur.
Dust Inhalation Skin Eye contact may cause Blasting
Fumes and/or eye
irritation and corneal operations
contact
injury due to mechanical
Ingestion
action. Prolonged
exposure to skin may
cause irritation due to
mechanical irritation.
Dust inhaled may cause
irritation to the upper
respiratory tract.
Dust Inhalation Skin It is slightly irritating to Blasting
Gas and/or eye
the skin, and mildly
operations
Mist contact
irritating to the eyes.
Ingestion
Inhalation may result in
upper respiratory
irritation and
emphysema. Repeated
exposure may result in
Physical Description
White to buff crystals. No odour.
Exposure Limits Not applicable
CAS Number
Milky white or coloured solid with a mild odour.
Not applicable
Clear to cloudy liquid. It is odourless.
OEL = 10mg/m3
7440-213
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Quartz Isocyanine
Potassium perchlorate
Pollutant
Code
Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects lung changes.
Source
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
521 Dust Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact Blasting
White pellets OEL = 0.1 mg/m3 14808
and/or eye
may cause mechanical operations with no odour.
60-7
contact
irritation. Inhalation of
Ingestion
dust may cause irritation
of the respiratory tract.
356 Gas Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact Blasting
Brown
OEL = 0.02 mg/m3
Mist and/or eye
may cause irritation. operations
contact
Ingestion will cause
Ingestion
adverse health effects.
Inhalation will cause
irritation of the
respiratory tract. It may
result in asthma-like
spasms of the bronchial
tubes and difficulty in
breathing. People with a
history of respiratory
disease or hyper
sensitivity should not be
exposed to this product.
Dust Inhalation Skin Inhalation of the product Blasting
White odourless Not applicable
and/or eye
may cause irritation to operations powder. It is
contact
the respiratory tract,
flammable and a
Ingestion
coughing, shortness of
strong oxidizer.
Absorption breath and pulmonary
through skin edema. Ingestion may
cause irritation to the
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Wood dust
Pollutant Code
600/601
Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
mucous membranes and
may result in vomiting,
nausea, fever and
rushes. Skin may turn
blue due to an oxygen
deficiency. Red blood
cells may be broken
down which will result
in kidney damage. It
may also effect the bone
marrow. Skin and eye
contact may cause
irritation resulting in
redness, itching and
pain.
Dust Inhalation Skin Harmful when inhaled Installation of Wood particles OEL = 5 mg/m3 (Hard &
and/or eye
or swallowed. It may wooden
of various size Soft wood)
STEL = 10
contact
cause eye and skin
support
produced by any mg/m3 (Soft wood)
irritation. Prolonged
manual or
exposure to the eye may
mechanical
cause conjunctivitis or
cutting, chipping,
allergic dermatitis.
sawing or
Prolonged exposure may
sanding.
also lead to
inflammation of the
nasal passage, lung
iseases or asthma. Wood
dust is a fire and
explosion hazard when
exposed to heat.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Soudal foam
Carbon monoxide
Pollutant Code
Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
Physical Description
Foam Inhalation Skin The product may be
Vent sealing Foam
Mist and/or eye
irritating to skin, eyes and tamping of
contact
and the respiratory
holes.
system.
Gas Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact Blasting
Colourless,
and/or eye
may cause frostbite.
operations odourless and
contact
Systemic toxicity may Mine fires tasteless.
cause visual
Diesel
Flammable.
disturbances. Inhalation machinery Poisonous.
May cause adverse
central nervous system,
cardiovascular,
respiratory, kidney and
liver effects. These
effects may include
suffocati8on,
discoloured skin, dilated
pupils, hearing loss,
nausea, vomiting, chest
pain, lung damage,
twitching, muscle
spasms, in coordination,
weakness, numbness,
headache, dizziness,
drowsiness, confusion,
hallucinations,
convulsions, blood
disorders, heart failure,
kidney failure, collapse,
unconsciousness, coma
Exposure Limits None available
CAS Number
OEL =55 mg/m3 630-08-0 STEL = 100 ppm
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Pollutant
Code
Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects and death.
Source
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Carbon dioxide gas
Glue Epoxy Resin
Gas Inhalation Skin Over exposure when Blasting
Colourless,
OEL =9000 mg/m3 124-38-9
Liquid and/or eye
inhaled may cause
operations odourless, and STEL = 54000
contact
excitation and
Mine fires tasteless.
mg/m3
depression of the central Diesel
Could be a liquid
nervous system. Carbon machinery under pressure.
dioxide displaces oxygen
witch cause a fall in
blood pressure. Eye
contact may cause a
stinging sensation and
inhalation may effect
vision. Skin contact may
cause frostbite.
Liquid Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact will Backfill
Brown liquid Phenol-
Vapour and/or eye
cause irritation.
products Vent with a faint
OEL=19mg/m3
Mist contact
Inhalation of the product curtaining
odour.
STEL=38mg/m3
will cause respiratory
It is corrosive. Formaldehyde-
tract irritation. Ingestion
OEL=2.5mg/m3
may cause adverse
STEL=2.5mg/m3
health effects.
Sodium Hydroxide-
STEL=2mg/m3
Amine-OEL=?
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
PH Powder
Portabloo PRLC 40
SP 100
Pollutant Code
Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
Physical Description
Exposure Limits
Dust Inhalation
Irritation to the
Toilet product White powder Not applicable
Eye contact respiratory system when
consisting of a
inhaled. Eye contact can
combination of
result in corneal damage
alkali's.
or blindness.
Inflammation of the eye
is characterized by
redness, watering and
itching.
Liquid Inhalation Skin The product is harmful Toilet product Translucent blue Not applicable
Mist and/or eye
with skin contact and
liquid with a mild
Vapour contact
will cause burns and
amine odour.
irritation. Inhalation may
cause dizziness and
shortness of breath.
Liquid Inhalation Skin This product may cause Batch plant Pink liquid that's Not applicable
Fumes and/or eye
respiratory tract, skin operations odourless.
Gas contact
and eye irritation. It may
Ingestion
cause a shortness of
breath as well as nose
bleeds. Ingestion may
cause nausea. Direct
contact may cause
irritation, redness, pain,
erythema, flustering,
exfoliation, ulceration,
necrosis and scaring.
Liquid Inhalation Skin It is irritating to the eyes Batch plant Clear brown
Not applicable
Fumes and/or eye
and skin and may be
operations
liquid with blan
CAS Number
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
PRPL 25
Meyco SA 160 Meyco TCC 735 Myco TCC 766 Polyheed SG
Pollutant Code
Possible
Nature Exposure
Health Effects
Source
Pathways
Vapour contact
harmful if swallowed.
Ingestion
Vapour may be an
irritant to the mucous
membranes and
respiratory tract.
Liquid Inhalation Skin Swallowing of the
Batch plant
Dust and/or eye
product may irritate the operations
Vapour contact
mouth, throat and
Mist Ingestion
stomach causing pain,
nausea and vomiting. If
it is inhaled it may cause
irritation to the upper
respiratory tract causing
a sore throat, coughing
or breathing difficulties.
Liquid Inhalation Skin It may cause skin and Batch plant
Mist and/or eye
eye irritation.
operations
contact
Liquid Inhalation Skin
Batch plant
Mist and/or eye
operations
Vapour contact
Ingestion
Liquid Inhalation Skin May be irritating to the Batch plant
Aerosol and/or eye
skin and eyes.
operations
Mist contact
Ingestion
Liquid Inhalation Skin It may cause irritation to Batch plant
Mist and/or eye
the skin and eyes.
operations
Gas contact
Inhalation dangerous if
Physical Description
odour. Flammable
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Dark brown liquid with a slight nondistinct odour. Flammable
Amine-OEL=?
White to beige Not applicable liquid.
White liquid with Paraffin-
a low odour.
OEL=2mg/m3
STEL=6mg/m3
Dark brown liquid with no odour.
Not applicable
Brown liquid with a wood resin odour.
Not applicable
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
DELVO Stabilizer 10
Plaster/Gypsu m
Mono blue Vent Seal
Helium
Pollutant Code
Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Ingestion
in contact with acid
because toxic gasses
form.
Liquid Inhalation Skin Skin and eye irritation Batch plant Light pink liquid Hydrochloric Acid-
Mist and/or eye
may occur with burning operations with a slightly STEL=7mg/m3
contact
to the eyes.
acidic odour.
Ingestion
It reacts with
oxidants and
alkaline
compounds.
Dust Inhalation Skin May cause irritation of Sealing of vent Light coloured to OEL = 10 mg/m3 26499
and/or eye
the upper respiratory walls, timber white powder.
65-0
contact
tract. Skin and eye
treatment for Slightly soluble.
Ingestion
contact may cause
fire
burning, irritation and prevention.
hardening. If ingested it
may cause obstruction.
Not applicable
Liquid Inhalation Skin High airborne
Vent sealing Comp. A: Brown Not applicable
and/or eye
concentration may cause
liquid Comp. B:
contact
drowsiness and lethargy.
Red viscouse
Skin and eye contact
liquid with amine
may cause temporary
odour.
irritation.
Gas Inhalation Skin Inhalation causes a high Drill
Colourless,
Not applicable
and/or eye
voice. Skin contact may intersections odourless. When
contact
cause frostbite and eye
refrigerated it
contact may cause
forms a liquefied
blurred vision, deep
gas.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Pollutant
Code
Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects burns and pain.
Source
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Portland cement
Methane rich gas
120/121 296
Dust
Liquid Gas
Inhalation Skin No serious harm when Batch plant
and/or eye
dry. Inhalation may
operations
contact
cause irritation or
Concrete
Ingestion
inflammation. Wet
mixing
cement may cause
serious burns, eyes may
be irritated and chemical
burns as well as
blindness may occur.
Prolonged exposure may
cause silicoses. Irritation
of the moist mucous
membranes, nose, throat
and upper respiratory
tract. It may contain
traces of substances
that's listed as
carcinogenic.
Inhalation Skin Inhalation may cause Flammable
and/or eye
central nervous system gas Drilling
contact
effects. Headaches,
Intersections
Ingestion
nausea, dizziness and a
loss of balance and
coordination may occur.
Unconsciousness, coma
and respiratory failure as
well as death may be
Light grey powder.
Colourless, odourless. Flammable.
OEL = 10 mg/m3 65997 15-1
STEL = 1,4%
74--82-8
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Pollutant
Code
Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects results of exposure.
Source
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Silent Seal
Vapour Inhalation Skin Inhalation reduces
Vent sealing
Liquid and/or eye
oxygen available. It
contact
irritates the mucous
Ingestion
membranes, cause
tightness in chest,
coughing, asthma-like
sensitivity, dizziness,
headache, lethargy,
heart irregulations and it
may lead to bronchitis or
pulmonary edema. Skin
contact may cause
irritation, redding,
swelling and dermatitis.
Eye contact may cause
irritation and physical
damage. Ingestion of the
product may cause
irritation to mucous
membranes, the mouth
and digestive tract.
Comp. A: Amber Not applicable to brown liquid. Slightly musty odour. Insoluble in water. Comp. B:Dark brown with yellow undertone viscous liquid with fluorocarbon and amine odour.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Caustic soda
Silicon Grease Sulphuric acid
Pollutant Code
Possible
Nature Exposure
Health Effects
Source
Pathways
Liquid Inhalation Skin Skin contact may cause
Mist and/or eye
burns, frequently
Vapour contact
causing deep ulcerations
Ingestion
and ultimate scarring. It
is extremely hazardous
when in skin contact.
Eye contact may cause
severer burns and
possible blindness.
Inhalation of the product
may cause damage to the
upper respiratory tract
and lungs. It is very
hangerous in case of
inhalation. When
ingested it may be
corrosive to the
gastrointestinal tract.
Vapour Inhalation Skin Eye contact may result Engineering
and/or eye
in temporary discomfort. operations
contact
Allergic conditions may
Ingestion
occur.
Liquid Inhalation Skin Inhalation may cause a Battery Bays
Mist and/or eye
burning sensation,
Aerosol contact
coughing and laboured
Vapour Ingestion
breathing. It is a
corrosive substance. Eye
contact may cause
redness, pain and deep
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Clear to slightly Sodium Hydroxideturbid colourless. STEL=2mg/m3 It is odourless.
White, clear, black or yellow in colour and with very little odour. Past-like. Colourless, oily hygroscopic liquid with no odour. It's a strong acid.
Not applicable
OEL = 1 mg/m3 STEL = 3 mg/m3
7664-93 9
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Hydrogen
Galvanized carbon steel
Galvanized metal primer
Pollutant Code
Possible
Nature Exposure
Health Effects
Source
Pathways
burns. Ingestion can
cause abdominal pain,
burning sensation and
collapse.
Gas Inhalation Skin Inhalation may cause Flammable
Vapour and/or eye
dizziness, asphixia,
gas
contact
laboured breathing and Drilling
unconsciousness. Skin intersections
contact may cause
Battery Bays
frostbite. Inhalation may
cause a high voice and
suffocation.
Dust Inhalation
Metal fever may occur. Welding
Fumes Skin and/or eye Eye contact may cause operations
contact
irritation. Siderosis may
occur from prolonged
exposure. Skin contact
may cause irritation and
dermatitis. Some metals
are carsinogenic.
Liquid Inhalation
Skin and eye contact Welding
Smoke Skin and/or eye may cause irritation and operations
Fumes contact
inflammation. Over
Skin absorption exposure may cause
Ingestion
headache, dizziness,
drowsiness, coughing
and irritation of the
respiratory tract.
Ingestion may cause
Physical Description
Exposure Limits
Odourless, colourless compressed liquefied gas. Extremely flammable.
STEL = 1.4%
Silver-grey metallic steel.
Metals
White liquid with Metals a petroleum odour. (Rust paint)
CAS Number
1333-74 0
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Stripper Turpentine
Zanetex HE 2000
Pollutant Code
Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
nausea, vomiting and
irritation. Repeated
exposure to xylene may
increase risk of injury o
the kidneys, liver and
the respiratory tract.
Liquid Inhalation Skin
Engineering Clear to yellow- Not applicable
Vapour and/or eye
operations brown liquid.
Mist contact
Ingestion
Liquid Inhalation Skin It may cause skin
Engineering Clear, colourless OEL = 560 mg/m3 8006-64
Vapour and/or eye
irritation, dermatitis or operations
liquid with a
STEL =840 mg/m3 2
Mist contact
chemical burns. The
pungent odour.
Ingestion
liquid can penetrate the
Flammable.
skin to cause systemic
effects. Contact with the
eyes may cause
conjunctivitis or corneal
burns. Ingestion may
cause nausea, serious
illness or death. If
inhaled it may produce
irritation, headache,
dizziness, chest pain,
pulmonary edema,
cyanosis, narcosis and
rapid heart rate.
Liquid Inhalation Skin Irritation to the eyes. Chemical dust Dark brown
Not applicable
Gas and/or eye
suppression liquid with a
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Flocculent Lead
Dichlorodiflou romethane
Pollutant Code 366
134
Possible
Nature Exposure
Health Effects
Source
Pathways
contact
Ingestion
Liquid
Water
Dust
treatment
Dust Inhalation
Inhalation may cause Blasting
Aerosol Ingestion
abdominal cramps,
operations
Fumes
drowsiness, headache
and nausea, vomiting
weakness, wheezing,
pallor, collapse and
hemoglobinuria.
Exposure of pregnant
women and children to
dust should be
prevented. Ingestion
may cause abdominal
cramps. Exposure may
result in death.
Gas Inhalation
Skin contact may cause Fridge plant
Vapour Skin and/or eye frostbite and defating
contact
and dryness of the skin.
Eye contact may cause
irritation, discomfort,
tearing, or blurring of
vision. With inhalation it
may cause temporary
central nervous system
depression, dizziness,
headache, confusion,
Physical Description
mollasis odour.
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Ammonium salt-
OEL=?
Bluish-white or OEL = 0.15 mg/m3 7439-92
silvery grey solid
1
in various forms.
Turn tarnished
on exposure to
air. Flammable.
Clear, colourless OEL =4950 mg/m3 75-71-8
liquid with a
STEL =6200
slightly ethereal mg/m3
odour.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Fluorotrichlor omethane
Hydraulic Fluid
Pollutant Code
299
Possible
Nature Exposure
Health Effects
Source
Pathways
incoordination and a loss
of consciousness.
Temporary alteration of
the hearts electrical
activity, irregular pulse,
palpitations and
inadequate circulation.
Liquid Inhalation
Contact may cause
Fridge plant
Vapour Skin and/or eye frostbite and severer
Mist contact
corneal injury.
Ingestion
Inhalation may cause
dizziness, nausea,
vomiting, disorientation,
confusion, narcosis and
incoordination. High
concentrations may
cause suffocation.
Asphyxiate. Cardiac
arrythmias or arrest due
to sensitation of the
heart to adrenaline or
nor-adrenaline.
Liquid Inhalation Skin It is mildly irritating to LHD
Mist and/or eye
the skin and eyes.
machinery
Vapour contact
Inhalation may result in Engineering
Ingestion
mild irritation of the operations
upper respiratory tract.
This product is slightly
toxic when swallowed.
Physical Description
Colourless liquid/vapour with a slightly ethereal odour.
Amber lubricating liquid. It has a hydrocarbon odour. Is oxidating.
CAS Exposure Limits Number
OEL =5600 mg/m3 75-69-4 STEL =7000 mg/m3
Not applicable
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Electroclean
Quick start
Pollutant Code
Possible
Nature Exposure
Health Effects
Source
Pathways
Liquid Inhalation Skin Skin and eye irritation Engineering
Gas and/or eye
may occur while
operations
contact
inhalation may cause
Ingestion
acute irritation and
respiratory effects.
Excess inhalation may
cause dizziness,
giddiness and nausea.
Diliberate inhalation
may be fatal. Repeated
exposure may cause
permanent central
nervous system damage.
Irreversible effects to the
liver and kidneys may
result. Ingestion causes
nausea, cramps,
vomiting and diarrhea.
Liquid Inhalation Skin Inhalation may cause Engineering
Vapour and/or eye
dizziness, strong
operations
Mist contact
anesthesia, intoxication
and unconsciousness.
Skin contact may cause
irritation and defatting
of the skin.
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Colourless liquid Toluene-
with a
OEL=188mg/m3
hydrocarbon
STEL = 560mg/m3
odour.
Tetrachloroethylene
Flammable.
-OEL=335mg/m3
STEL =
1000mg/m3
EthylBenzene-
OEL=435
STEL = 545mg/m3
Xylene-OEL=435
STEL = 650mg/m3
Hydrocarbons
(Nonane)-
OEL=1049mg/m3
Pale yellow
Not applicable
liquid to clear
liquid. It has a
strong ethereal
odour. It
evaporates
quickly and
leaves a slight
lubricant residue.
Extremely
Flammable.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Loctite
Wynn's Green Cleaner
Pollutant Code
Possible
Nature Exposure
Health Effects
Source
Pathways
Gas Inhalation Skin Ingestion may cause Engineering
Past and/or eye
delayed effects on the operations
contact
blood, gastrointestinal,
Ingestion
nervous and
reproductive system.
Skin contact may result
in dermatitis.
Carcinogen.
Gas Inhalation Skin Skin contact may result Engineering
Smoke and/or eye
in absorption of harmful operations
Mist contact
amounts which may
Ingestion
result in central nervous
system depression. Eye
contact may causes
irritation. Inhalation of
the product may cause
nose, throat and
respiratory tract
irritation as well as
central nervous system
depression. Irritation to
the digestive tract and
red blood hemolysis
when swallowed. It may
cause dizziness,
headache, nausea,
vomiting and
incoordination.
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
White paste and black paste with a mild odour.
Aluminum Hydroxide-OEL=? TitaniumDioxideOEL=10mg/m3
Green liquid with Not applicable a characteristic odour. Flammable.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Rubber solvent
Anti rust
Hydrogen
Chlorine
Pollutant Code
123
Possible
Nature Exposure
Health Effects
Source
Pathways
Liquid Inhalation Skin It may cause moderate Engineering
Mist and/or eye
skin irritation, defatting operations
Vapour contact
and dermatitis.
Ingestion
Inhalation may cause
dizziness, headache and
unconsciousness.
Ingestion cause
vomiting, nausea and
diarrhea. Inhalation may
cause bronchopneumonia
and Pulmonary edema.
Liquid Inhalation Skin It may cause burns in Engineering
Mist and/or eye
the eyes and on the skin operations
Gas contact
when contact occurs. It
Ingestion
may also be corrosive to
the eyes. Inhalation may
cause irritation to the
respiratory tachea.
Gas Inhalation Skin Inhalation may cause Flammable
Vapour and/or eye
dizziness, asphixia,
gas
contact
laboured breathing and Drilling
unconsciousness. Skin intersections
contact may cause
Battery Bays
frostbite. Inhalation may
cause a high voice and
suffocation.
Dust Inhalation Skin Inhalation may causes Water
Vapour and/or eye
irritation to the nose
treatment
contact
mouth, throat and lungs. Fridge plant
Physical Description
Exposure Limits
Flammable liquid Not applicable with a mild odour.
Colourless
Phosphoric Acids-
limphid liquid. It OEL=1mg/m3
is very syrupy STEL=3mg/m3
with no odour.
Odourless, colourless compressed liquefied gas. Extremely flammable.
STEL = 1.4%
White to amber OEL =1.5 mg/m3 in colour with a STEL =3 mg/m3 pungent chlorine
CAS Number
1333-74 0
7782-50 5
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Zanetex HE 2000
Pollutant Code
Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
Physical Description
It may also cause burns
odour.
to the respiratory tract,
shortness of breath,
wheezing, choking,
chest pain and even
permanent lung damage.
Eye contact may cause
severe irritation and
burns. It may also cause
impairment of vision and
corneal damage. Skin
contact may result in
irritation, burns,
redness, swelling and
scrab formation.
Ingestion of the product
may cause irritation,
burns to the
gastrointestinal tract,
nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, abdominal pain
and bleeding.
Liquid Inhalation Skin Irritation to the eyes. Chemical dust Dark brown
Gas and/or eye
suppression liquid with a
contact
mollasis odour.
Ingestion
Exposure Limits Not applicable
CAS Number
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
BCH tablets
Dispersal
Pollutant Code
Possible
Nature Exposure
Health Effects
Source
Pathways
Dust Inhalation Skin Extremely hazardous in Water
Fume and/or eye
case of eye contact
treatment
Mist contact
because it is corrosive
Ingestion
and may cause blindness
and irritation. Hazardous
in case of skin contact
because it is corrosive
and may be irritating,
cause inflammation,
blistering and redding.
Hazardous when inhaled
because of corrosive
properties. Inhalation
will cause irritation to
the gastro-intestinal &
respiratory tract, cause
burning, sneezing and
coughing.
Liquid Inhalation Skin It may cause irritation to Water
Mist and/or eye
the skin and eyes.
treatment
contact
Inflammation, watering
Ingestion
and redding of the eyes
may occur, Skin contact
may result in
inflammation, itching,
scaling, redding and
blisters may form. The
product is toxic to
blood, the liver and the
kidneys.
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Off-white solid Not applicable with a chlorine like odour. It may be combustible at high temperature.
Colourless liquid.
Not applicable
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
FN 217
Aluminum gel
SAX 831
Pollutant Code
Possible
Nature Exposure
Health Effects
Source
Pathways
Liquid Inhalation Skin It may be irritating to Water
Vapour and/or eye
the eyes and skin. The treatment
contact
skin may be sensitizing
Ingestion
to the product and
inflammation is
characterised by itching,
scaling, redding and
blistering.
Dust Inhalation Skin It may cause irritation to Water
Vapour and/or eye
the skin and/ or eyes. It treatment
contact
may be harmful to the
Ingestion
respiratory tract when
inhaled repeatedly.
Dust Inhalation Skin This product is corrosive Water
and/or eye
thus very hazardous
treatment
contact
when in skin or eye
Ingestion
contact. It may cause
blindness, corneal
damage, inflammation,
redding, watering of the
eyes, itching and
blistering. Extremely
hazardous when inhaled.
Inhalation of the dust
will cause irritation to
the gastro-intestinal and
respiratory tract,
burning, sneezing and
coughing. Very
hazardous in case of
Physical Description
Colourless to slight yellow liquid.
Exposure Limits Not applicable
CAS Number
Green solid.
Not applicable
White solid.
Not applicable
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
ST 40
Pollutant Code
Possible
Nature Exposure
Health Effects
Pathways
ingestion for it may
cause burns to the
mouth, throat and
stomach. Ingestion may
be fatal.
Liquid Inhalation Skin The product may cause
Gas and/or eye
serious damage to the
Fume contact
eyes and severer burns
Vapour Ingestion
to the skin, mouth,
Spray
throat and stomach.
Mist
Inhalation may be
harmful.
Source
Water treatment
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Yellow to amber Not applicable liquid with no odour.
MK ENV 01092002
HEG Identification :
CHRUSHING (20)
Activity Description Activity Area Code Occupations Chrusher attendant
Code 30207
Chemicals Involved
Pollutant Name
Dust
Ammonia
Pollutant Code
24
Possible
Nature Exposure
Health Effects
Source
Pathways
Dust Inhalation or Coughing & mild
Blasting,
eye contact
irritation. Eye contact scraping,
may result in tears and tipping,
mild irritation to the
drilling,
eyes.
transport,
travelling,
spillage.
Gas inhalation,
Corrosive gas - may be Blasting
ingestion
fatal if inhaled. Lung operations
(solution), skin injury. Severe
and/or eye
respiratory tract irritant.
contact
Irritating to the nose and
(solution/liquid) throat. Mildly irritating
to moist skin - blisters
may occur.
Physical Description
Finely divided solid matter.
Exposure Limits OEL =1mg/m3
CAS Number
Colourless gas OEL =17 mg/m3
with a sharp,
STEL=24mg/m3
pungent,
suffocating,
intensely
irritating odour.
Colourless liquid
under pressure
but can
7664-41 7
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Silica Dust (respirable)
Carbon monoxide
Pollutant
Code
Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
Source
522 Dust inhalation, skin Coughing and mild
Blasting,
and/or eye
irritation. Skin contact scraping,
contact
may result in
tipping,
granulomas. Silicoses drilling,
may occur with
transport,
prolonged exposure.
travelling,
Carsinogenogen.
spillage.
Gas Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact Blasting
and/or eye
may cause frostbite.
operations
contact
Systemic toxicity may Mine fires
cause visual
Diesel
disturbances. Inhalation machinery
May cause adverse
central nervous system,
cardiovascular,
respiratory, kidney and
liver effects. These
effects may include
suffocati8on,
discoloured skin, dilated
pupils, hearing loss,
nausea, vomiting, chest
pain, lung damage,
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
decompose at high temperature to form very flammable hydrogen and toxic nitrogen dioxide. Colourless to OEL =0.1 mg/m3 white, green, purple or black crystals. Odourless.
14808 60-7
Colourless, odourless and tasteless. Flammable. Poisonous.
OEL =55 mg/m3 630-08-0 STEL = 100 ppm
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Pollutant
Code
Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
twitching, muscle spasms, in coordination, weakness, numbness, headache, dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, hallucinations, convulsions, blood disorders, heart failure, kidney failure, collapse, unconsciousness, coma and death.
Source
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
MK ENV 01092002
HEG Identification : STOPING (8)
Activity Description Activity Area Code Occupations Auquajet operator Backfill worker Blaster: Underground metal Blasting worker Driller: Jackhammer Double drum hoist operator Drilling worker Equiper Hydraulic prop worker Miner's assistant Monorail winch operator Monorope winch operator Multi task worker Night shift cleaner Rock support worker
Code 21406 20805 20501 20599 20402
20499 21504 20801 20504 21308 21309 20704 20308 20899
Occupations Sampler Scraper winch bell operator Scraper winch driver Shotblast operator Spannerman Stone packer Stope team leader Stope team worker Stoper Sweeper Winch transport team leader Winch transporter
Code 50203 20302 20901 40526 20405 29904 20311 20702 20304 29903 40525 40524
Chemicals Involved
Pollutant Name Dust
Pollutant Code
Nature Dust
Possible Exposure Pathways Inhalation or eye contact
Health Effects
Coughing & mild irritation. Eye contact may result in tears and mild irritation to the
Source
Blasting, scraping, tipping, drilling,
Physical Description
Finely divided solid matter.
Exposure Limits OEL =1mg/m
CAS Number
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Silica Dust (respirable)
Ammonia
Pollutant Code 522
24
Nature Dust Gas
Possible
Exposure
Health Effects
Source
Pathways
eyes.
transport,
travelling,
spillage.
inhalation, Coughing and mild
Blasting,
skin and/or irritation. Skin contact scraping,
eye contact may result in
tipping,
granulomas. Silicoses drilling,
may occur with
transport,
prolonged exposure.
travelling,
Carsinogenogen.
spillage.
inhalation, Corrosive gas - may be Blasting
ingestion
fatal if inhaled. Lung operations
(solution), injury. Severe
skin and/or respiratory tract irritant.
eye contact Irritating to the nose and
(solution/liqui throat. Mildly irritating
d) to moist skin - blisters may occur.
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Colourless to white, green, purple or black crystals. Odourless.
OEL =0.1 mg/m3
14808 60-7
Colourless gas OEL = 17 mg/m3
with a sharp,
STEL =24mg/m3
pungent,
suffocating,
intensely
irritating odour.
Colourless liquid
under pressure
but can
decompose at
high temperature
to form very
flammable
hydrogen and
toxic nitrogen
dioxide.
7664-41 7
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name Diesel fumes
Pollutant Code
Nature
Mist Vapour
Possible Exposure Pathways Inhalation
Health Effects Carcinogen
Source
Diesel machinery
Carbon oil
43 Liquid inhalation, Harmful when inhaled Engineering
Vapour ingestion
or swallowed. Central operations
(solution), nervous system
skin and/or depressant. It causes
eye contact headache, nausea,
(solution/liqui dizziness, drowsiness,
d) and confusion. It may
cause blood and bone
marrow effects.
Aspiration hazard.
Prolonged exposure may
result in dermatitis.
Carcinogen & Mutagen.
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Colourless oily NO2-
liquid. May burn OEL=5mg/m3
if strongly
STEL=9mg/m3
heated.
SO2-OEL=5mg/m3
STEL=13mg/m3
NO
OEL=30mg/m3
STEL=45mg/m3
CO
OEL=55mg/m3
DIESEL
PARTICULATE
MATTER OEL= ?
Clear and
Toluene-
colourless liquid. OEL=188mg/m3
Aromatic
STEL = 560mg/m3
hydrocarbon
Tetrachloroethylene
odour. Vapour is -OEL=335mg/m3
heavier than air, STEL =
thus might spread 1000mg/m3
long distances. EthylBenzene-
Liquid can float OEL=435
on water, thus STEL = 545mg/m3
might spread
Xylene-OEL=435
fire. Decompose STEL = 650mg/m3
at high
temperature and
forming toxic
gases.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name Degreaser
Pollutant Code
Nature
Gas Mist
Possible Exposure Pathways Inhalation, skin and/or eye contact
Mineral oil
450 Gas Mist
Inhalation, skin and/or eye contact
Health Effects
Source
May cause pain and
Engineering
irritation to the skin and operations
eyes. Inhalation may
cause headache,
dizziness, anaesthesia,
and unconsciousness.
Repeated exposure may
cause kidney and liver
effects. Pulmonary
irritation may occur and
dermatitis may result
from repeated exposure.
Skin, eye and lung
Engineering
irritation.
operations
Grease
298 Fluid
Inhalation Skin
Mild skin and eye
Engineering
irritation. Inhalation of operations
smoke contaminated
with grease may cause
throat irritation,
coughing and a tightness
in chest. Lungs may
become irritated from
fluorine components.
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Colourless liquid Not applicable with a irritating odour. It is slightly soluble in water. Corrosive.
Colourless to light brown liquid. It is flammable. White dense and viscous fluid
OEL = 5 mg/m3 STEL = 10 mg/m3
Not applicable
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name Welding fumes
Pollutant Code
598
Nature Fumes
Possible Exposure Pathways Inhalation
Aerosol Paint
Liquid Vapour Fumes Mist
Inhalation Skin and/or eye contact Ingestion
Methane rich gas
296 Liquid Inhalation Gas Skin and/or eye contact Ingestion
Health Effects
Source
Physical Description
Metal fume fever:
Welding
Muscle pains
operations
Shivering
Chest tightness
Feverishness
May cause skin and eye Marking off
irritation. When inhaled
or ingested person may
suffer from severe
respiratory distress as
well as central nervous
system depression.
Prolonged and/or
repeated skin contact
may cause dermatitis.
Inhalation may cause Flammable
central nervous system gas Drilling
effects. Headaches,
Intersections
nausea, dizziness and a
loss of balance and
coordination may occur.
Unconsciousness, coma
and respiratory failure as
well as death may be
results of exposure.
Various colours Flammable
Colourless, odourless. Flammable.
Exposure Limits OEL = 5 mg/m3 Not applicable
STEL = 1,4%
CAS Number
74--82-8
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name White wash
Pollutant Code
Nature
Liquid Vapour Mist Dust
Possible Exposure Pathways Inhalation Skin and/or eye contact Ingestion
Health Effects
Source
May cause skin and eye, For fire
nose and throat
retardant
irritation. Harmful if application
inhaled. Aspiration
hazard when swallowed.
With chronic exposure
central nervous system
disorders like weakness,
loss of co-ordination,
fatigue, confusion and
blurred vision may
occur. Liver
abnormalities as well as
kidney, lung spleen and
eye damage may occur.
Cardiac effect on some
persons.
Ammonium nitrate
Liquid Gas Mist
Inhalation Skin and/or eye contact Ingestion
Skin and eye contact Blasting may cause dryness and operations irritation. Inhalation may cause a sore throat, coughing and a shortness of breath. Ingestion may
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Ammonia-like Titanium dioxideodour Flammable OEL=10mg/m3
Calcium CarbonateOEL=10mg/m3 Propylene glycolOEL=470mg/m3 Dimethylene Glycol-OEL = ? XyleneOEL=435mg/m3 STEL= 650mg/m3 AcetoneOEL=1780mg/m3 STEL=3560mg/m3 Ethyl BenzeneOEL=435mg/m3 STEL=545mg/m3 TolueneOEL=188mg/m3 STEL=560mg/m3 Tetrachloroethylene -OEL=335mg/m3 STEL=1000mg/m3 White to cream Not applicable in colour, but odourless.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant
Pollutant Name Code
Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Metal Powder
Dust
Inhalation Skin and/or eye contact
Copper metal
154/155
Dust Vapour Fumes
Inhalation Skin and/or eye contact Ingestion
Nitrocellulose
Dust Gas
Inhalation Skin and/or eye contact
Health Effects
Source
cause dizziness, cramps, vomiting, blood disorders, weakness and depression. Fumes generated may be Blasting dangerous. Dryness and operations irritation of the throat, nose, eyes, and lungs may occur. Dizziness and nausea may result. May be a carcinogen. Is a mechanical irritant Blasting when in eye which may operations cause severe corneal damage. When ingested it may cause intense abdominal pain. Inhalation may cause metal fume fever, headache, a metallic taste in mouth, cough, thirst, shortness of breath, fever, pain in the legs and chest. May discolour the skin. Skin and eye contact Blasting may cause irritation. operations Inhalation may cause narcosis, weakness,
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Odourless metallic grey powder.
Not applicable
Bright reddish, OEL = 1 mg/m3 lustrous metal in STEL = 2 mg/m3 the form of foil, wire or turnings. Odourless.
7440-50 8
Alcohol odour. Not applicable
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant
Pollutant Name Code
Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Tin
567/568 Dust
Inhalation
Fumes Skin and/or
eye contact
Ingestion
Citric acid Gold reference
Dust
Inhalation Skin and/or eye contact
Liquid Mist
Inhalation Skin and/or eye contact Ingestion
Health Effects
Source
drowsiness and unconsciousness.
Skin and eye contact Blasting may cause mechanical operations irritation. Inhalation may cause fatigue and
anaemia. Central nervous system damage, nasal inflammation and kidney disfunction may occur. It may also cause headache, nausea, muscular pain and
possible liver damage.
Skin and eye contact may cause a slight irritation. If inhaled irritation may occur.
Blasting operations
Skin and eye contact may cause irritation,
Blasting operations
burns, blisters, watering, conjunctivitis and dermatitis. Inhalation may also cause irritation of the
eyes, nose, throat, and upper respiratory tract, coughing and choking.
Over exposure may lead
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Silver-grey metal OEL = 2 mg/m3 that's odourless. STEL = 4 mg/m3 Various shapes and sizes.
Powder with no Not applicable known odour. Colourless crystals. Clear, yellow Not applicable liquid with a slight hydrochloric acid odour.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant
Pollutant Name Code
Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Iron
348 Dust
Inhalation
Fumes Skin and/or
Mist
eye contact
Ingestion
Activated charcoal
Polyethylene
Dust
Inhalation Skin and/or eye contact Ingestion
Dust Vapours
Inhalation Skin and/or eye contact Ingestion
Health Effects
Source
to ulceration of the oral
and nasal mucosa.
Ingestion may cause
burns to the mouth,
throat, oesophagus and
stomach. It may also
cause nausea and
vomiting.
It may cause mild
Blasting
irritation to the
operations
respiratory tract when
inhaled. Large doses
ingested may cause
gastrointestinal
disturbances. Skin and
eye contact may cause
irritation.
If inhaled it may cause Blasting
respiratory tract and
operations
cardiovascular effects.
When ingested it may
cause mild irritation to
the gastrointestinal tract.
Skin and eye contact
may cause redness.
Eye contact may result Blasting
in irritation or corneal operations
injury due to mechanical
action.
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
White crystals OEL = 5 mg/m
1309-37
with no odour. STEL = 10 mg/m3 1
Fine black powder that's odourless. Flammable
Not applicable
No odour.
Not applicable
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Potassium nitrate
Pollutant Code
Nature
Dust Fumes
Possible Exposure Pathways Inhalation Eye contact
Polycarbonate
Dust Fumes
Inhalation Skin and/or eye contact Ingestion
Silicon dioxide
Dust Gas Mist
Inhalation Skin and/or eye contact Ingestion
Health Effects
Source
Eye contact may cause Blasting
mild irritation and may operations
burn. Dust may be
irritating when inhaled.
Symptoms like
weakness, depression,
headache, mental
impairment, dizziness,
abdominal cramps,
vomiting, bloody
diarrhoea, convulsions
and collapse may occur.
Eye contact may cause Blasting
irritation and corneal operations
injury due to mechanical
action. Prolonged
exposure to skin may
cause irritation due to
mechanical irritation.
Dust inhaled may cause
irritation to the upper
respiratory tract.
It is slightly irritating to Blasting
the skin, and mildly
operations
irritating to the eyes.
Inhalation may result in
upper respiratory
irritation and
emphysema. Repeated
exposure may result in
Physical Description
White to buff crystals. No odour.
Exposure Limits Not applicable
CAS Number
Milky white or coloured solid with a mild odour.
Not applicable
Clear to cloudy liquid. It is odourless.
OEL = 10mg/m3
7440-21 3
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant
Pollutant Name Code
Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects lung changes.
Source
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Quartz Isocyanine
521 Dust
356 Gas Mist
Inhalation Skin and/or eye contact Ingestion
Inhalation Skin and/or eye contact Ingestion
Skin and eye contact Blasting may cause mechanical operations irritation. Inhalation of dust may cause irritation of the respiratory tract. Skin and eye contact Blasting may cause irritation. operations Ingestion will cause adverse health effects. Inhalation will cause irritation of the respiratory tract. It may result in asthma-like spasms of the bronchial tubes and difficulty in breathing. People with a history of respiratory disease or hyper sensitivity should not be exposed to this product.
White pellets OEL = 0.1 mg/m3 14808
with no odour.
60-7
Brown
OEL = 0.02 mg/m3
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name Potassium perchlorate
Wood dust
Pollutant Code
600/601
Nature Dust
Dust
Possible Exposure Pathways Inhalation Skin and/or eye contact Ingestion Absorption through skin
Inhalation Skin and/or eye contact
Health Effects
Source
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Inhalation of the product Blasting
White odourless Not applicable
may cause irritation to operations powder. It is
the respiratory tract,
flammable and a
coughing, shortness of
strong oxidizer.
breath and pulmonary
edema. Ingestion may
cause irritation to the
mucous membranes and
may result in vomiting,
nausea, fever and
rushes. Skin may turn
blue due to an oxygen
deficiency. Red blood
cells may be broken
down which will result
in kidney damage. It
may also effect the bone
marrow. Skin and eye
contact may cause
irritation resulting in
redness, itching and
pain.
Harmful when inhaled Installation of Wood particles OEL = 5 mg/m3
or swallowed. It may wooden
of various size (Hard & Soft wood)
cause eye and skin
support
produced by any STEL = 10 mg/m3
irritation. Prolonged
manual or
(Soft wood)
exposure to the eye may
mechanical
cause conjunctivitis or
cutting, chipping,
allergic dermatitis.
sawing or
Prolonged exposure may
sanding.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant
Pollutant Name Code
Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Glue Epoxy Resin
Liquid Vapour Mist
Inhalation Skin and/or eye contact
Health Effects
Source
Physical Description
also lead to
inflammation of the
nasal passage, lung
iseases or asthma. Wood
dust is a fire and
explosion hazard when
exposed to heat.
Skin and eye contact will Backfill
Brown liquid
cause irritation.
products Vent with a faint
Inhalation of the product curtaining
odour.
will cause respiratory
It is corrosive.
tract irritation. Ingestion
may cause adverse
health effects.
Soudal foam
Carbon monoxide
Foam Mist
Gas
Inhalation Skin and/or eye contact
Inhalation Skin and/or eye contact
The product may be irritating to skin, eyes and the respiratory system. Skin and eye contact may cause frostbite. Systemic toxicity may cause visual disturbances. Inhalation May cause adverse central nervous system, cardiovascular, respiratory, kidney and
Vent sealing Foam and tamping of holes.
Blasting operations Mine fires Diesel machinery
Colourless, odourless and tasteless. Flammable. Poisonous.
CAS Exposure Limits Number
PhenolOEL=19mg/m3 STEL=38mg/m3 FormaldehydeOEL=2.5mg/m3 STEL=2.5mg/m3 Sodium HydroxideSTEL=2mg/m3 Amine-OEL=? Not applicable
OEL =55 mg/m3 630-08-0 STEL = 100 ppm
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant
Pollutant Name Code
Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Carbon dioxide gas
Gas Liquid
Inhalation Skin and/or eye contact
Health Effects
Source
liver effects. These
effects may include
suffocati8on,
discoloured skin, dilated
pupils, hearing loss,
nausea, vomiting, chest
pain, lung damage,
twitching, muscle
spasms, in coordination,
weakness, numbness,
headache, dizziness,
drowsiness, confusion,
hallucinations,
convulsions, blood
disorders, heart failure,
kidney failure, collapse,
unconsciousness, coma
and death.
Over exposure when Blasting
inhaled may cause
operations
excitation and
Mine fires
depression of the central Diesel
nervous system. Carbon machinery
dioxide displaces oxygen
witch cause a fall in
blood pressure. Eye
contact may cause a
stinging sensation and
inhalation may effect
vision. Skin contact may
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Colourless,
OEL =9000 mg/m3 124-38-9
odourless, and STEL =54000
tasteless.
mg/m3
Could be a liquid
under pressure.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant
Pollutant Name Code
Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects cause frostbite.
Source
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Mono blue PH Powder
Portabloo
Mono blue Vent Seal
Not applicable
Dust
Liquid Mist Vapour
Inhalation Eye contact
Inhalation Skin and/or eye contact
Irritation to the
Toilet product White powder Not applicable
respiratory system when
consisting of a
inhaled. Eye contact can
combination of
result in corneal damage
alkali's.
or blindness.
Inflammation of the eye
is characterized by
redness, watering and
itching.
The product is harmful Toilet product Translucent blue Not applicable
with skin contact and
liquid with a mild
will cause burns and
amine odour.
irritation. Inhalation may
cause dizziness and
shortness of breath.
Not applicable
Liquid
Inhalation Skin and/or eye contact
High airborne
Vent sealing
concentration may cause
drowsiness and lethargy.
Skin and eye contact
may cause temporary
irritation.
Comp. A: Brown Not applicable liquid Comp. B: Red viscouse liquid with amine odour.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name Helium
Pollutant Code
Nature Gas
Possible Exposure Pathways Inhalation Skin and/or eye contact
Portland cement
120/121 Dust
Inhalation Skin and/or eye contact Ingestion
Health Effects
Source
Inhalation causes a high Drill
voice. Skin contact may intersections
cause frostbite and eye
contact may cause
blurred vision, deep
burns and pain.
No serious harm when Batch plant
dry. Inhalation may
operations
cause irritation or
Concrete
inflammation. Wet
mixing
cement may cause
serious burns, eyes may
be irritated and chemical
burns as well as
blindness may occur.
Prolonged exposure may
cause silicoses. Irritation
of the moist mucous
membranes, nose, throat
and upper respiratory
tract. It may contain
traces of substances
that's listed as
carcinogenic.
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Colourless,
Not applicable
odourless. When
refrigerated it
forms a liquefied
gas.
Light grey powder.
OEL = 10 mg/m3 65997 15-1
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name Silent Seal
Pollutant Code
Nature
Vapour Liquid
Possible Exposure Pathways Inhalation Skin and/or eye contact Ingestion
Health Effects
Source
Inhalation reduces
Vent sealing
oxygen available. It
irritates the mucous
membranes, cause
tightness in chest,
coughing, asthma-like
sensitivity, dizziness,
headache, lethargy,
heart irregulations and it
may lead to bronchitis or
pulmonary edema. Skin
contact may cause
irritation, redding,
swelling and dermatitis.
Eye contact may cause
irritation and physical
damage. Ingestion of the
product may cause
irritation to mucous
membranes, the mouth
and digestive tract.
Physical Description
Exposure Limits
Comp. A: Amber Not applicable to brown liquid. Slightly musty odour. Insoluble in water. Comp. B:Dark brown with yellow undertone viscous liquid with fluorocarbon and amine odour.
CAS Number
MK ENV 01092002
HEG Identification : SHAFT & SERVICES (16)
Activity Description Activity Area Code Occupations Handy man Hoist driver Hoisting worker Onsetter Pump team leader Pump worker Rigger aide Rigger and ropeman Rigger and ropeman apprentice Rigger and ropeman chargehand Rigger and ropeman foreman
Code 21504 21302 21399 21304 40531 40532 40510 40508 40509 40507 40506
Occupations Rigger and ropeman worker Settler attendant Shaft foreman Shaft timberman worker Shaft timberman Shovel operator
Code 40511
20301 21503 21502 21105
Chemicals Involved
Pollutant Name
Dust
Pollutant Code
Nature Dust
Possible Exposure Pathways Inhalation or eye contact
Health Effects
Source
Coughing & mild irritation. Eye contact may result in tears and mild irritation to the eyes.
Blasting, scraping, tipping, drilling, transport, travelling, spillage.
Physical Description
Finely divided solid matter.
Exposure Limits OEL =1mg/m3
CAS Number
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Silica Dust (respirable)
Diesel fumes
PH Powder
Pollutant Code
522
Nature Dust
Mist Vapour
Dust
Possible
Exposure
Health Effects
Pathways
inhalation, skin Coughing and mild
and/or eye
irritation. Skin contact
contact
may result in
granulomas. Silicoses
may occur with
prolonged exposure.
Carsinogenogen.
Inhalation
Carcinogen
Source
Blasting, scraping, tipping, drilling, transport, travelling, spillage. Diesel machinery
Inhalation Eye contact
Irritation to the
Toilet product
respiratory system
when inhaled. Eye
contact can result in
corneal damage or
blindness. Inflammation
of the eye is
characterized by
redness, watering and
itching.
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Colourless to white, green, purple or black crystals. Odourless.
OEL =0.1 mg/m3
14808 60-7
Colourless oily NO2-
liquid. May burn OEL=5mg/m3
if strongly
STEL=9mg/m3
heated.
SO2-OEL=5mg/m3
STEL=13mg/m3
NO
OEL=30mg/m3
STEL=45mg/m3
CO
OEL=55mg/m3
DIESEL
PARTICULATE
MATTER OEL= ?
White powder Not applicable
consisting of a
combination of
alkali's.
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Portabloo
Mono blue Flocculent Chlorine
Pollutant Code
Nature
Liquid Mist Vapour
Possible
Exposure
Health Effects
Source
Pathways
Inhalation Skin The product is harmful Toilet product
and/or eye
with skin contact and
contact
will cause burns and
irritation. Inhalation
may cause dizziness
and shortness of breath.
Physical Description
Exposure Limits
Translucent blue Not applicable liquid with a mild amine odour.
Not applicable
CAS Number
Liquid
Water
Ammonium salt-
Dust
treatment
OEL=?
123 Dust
Inhalation Skin Inhalation of chlorine Fridge plant White to amber OEL =1,5 mg/m3 7782-50
Vapour and/or eye
may irritate the nose, Water
in colour with a STEL =3 mg/m3 5
contact
throat, mouth and
treatment
pungent chlorine
Ingestion
lungs. It may cause
odour.
burns to the respiratory
tract, causing shortness
of breath, wheezing,
choking, chest pain and
even permanent damage
to the lungs. Eye
contact causes server
irritation and burns. It
may cause impairment
of vision and corneal
damage. Skin contact
may cause irritation,
burns, redness,
swelling and scrab
formation. Ingestion
may cause irritation and
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Pollutant
Code
Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
burns to the gastrointestinal tract, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain and bleeding.
Source
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Carbon monoxide
Gas Inhalation Skin Skin and eye contact Blasting
Colourless,
OEL =55 mg/m3 630-08-0
and/or eye
may cause frostbite. operations
odourless and STEL = 100 ppm
contact
Systemic toxicity may Mine fires
tasteless.
cause visual
Diesel
Flammable.
disturbances. Inhalation machinery
Poisonous.
May cause adverse
central nervous system,
cardiovascular,
respiratory, kidney and
liver effects. These
effects may include
suffocati8on,
discoloured skin,
dilated pupils, hearing
loss, nausea, vomiting,
chest pain, lung
damage, twitching,
muscle spasms, in
coordination, weakness,
numbness, headache,
dizziness, drowsiness,
confusion,
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Carbon dioxide gas
Zanetex HE 2000
Pollutant Code
Nature
Gas Liquid
Liquid Gas
Possible
Exposure
Health Effects
Source
Pathways
hallucinations,
convulsions, blood
disorders, heart failure,
kidney failure, collapse,
unconsciousness, coma
and death.
Inhalation Skin Over exposure when Blasting
and/or eye
inhaled may cause
operations
contact
excitation and
Mine fires
depression of the
Diesel
central nervous system. machinery
Carbon dioxide
displaces oxygen witch
cause a fall in blood
pressure. Eye contact
may cause a stinging
sensation and inhalation
may effect vision. Skin
contact may cause
frostbite.
Inhalation Skin Irritation to the eyes. Chemical dust
and/or eye
suppression
contact
Ingestion
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
Colourless,
OEL =9000 mg/m3 124-38-9
odourless, and STEL =54000
tasteless.
mg/m3
Could be a liquid
under pressure.
Dark brown liquid with a mollasis odour.
Not applicable
Portland cement
120/121 Dust
Inhalation Skin No serious harm when
and/or eye
dry. Inhalation may
contact
cause irritation or
Ingestion
inflammation. Wet
cement may cause
Batch plant operations Concrete mixing
Light grey powder.
OEL = 10 mg/m3 65997 15-1
MK ENV 01092002
Pollutant Name
Pollutant
Code
Nature
Possible Exposure Pathways
Health Effects
serious burns, eyes may be irritated and chemical burns as well as blindness may occur. Prolonged exposure may cause silicoses. Irritation of the moist mucous membranes, nose, throat and upper respiratory tract. It may contain traces of substances that's listed as carcinogenic.
Source
Physical Description
CAS Exposure Limits Number
MK ENV 01092002
ANNEXURE 3 AIRBORNE POLLUTANTS WITH AN EXISTING DATABASE
The following Airborne Pollutants were not included in the monitoring program, since data already exists:
Blasting fumes Diesel fumes Soudal foam Dust/Silica
MK ENV 01092002
BLASTING FUMES
anglogold
Blasting f'Jiaa
AnfaJvj <v^ort
Prepared by: Dries Labuschagne Technical Assistant - Occupational Environment 23 November 2000
MK ENV 01092002
Index 1) Introduction 2) Strategy 3) Sampling 4) Results 5) Conclusion
anglogold
Page 3 4 5 6 7
MK ENV 01092002
1) Introduction:
anglogold
Mintek has undertaken a project for "Project AUTEK" to determine the feasibility of testing gold catalysts for the removal of Carbon Monoxide in the mining environment. The motivation behind this is to possibly remove pollutants from used air and re-circulate that air which would result in a reduction of fresh air being introduced and hence the infrastructure required.
ITASCA Laboratories was approached for the analyzing of blasting fume samples and in turn accepted the challenge. They would also make use of NECSA Laboratories for the analyzing of NOx and SOx samples. It was decided that the sampling would be done at Great Noligwa Mine.
All safety aspects were taken into consideration including, methane, exposure to smoke and gases, changes in the ventilation system, etc. It was inevitable to take the samples inside the contaminated end and it was agreed that the Proto teams would do this.
A meeting was held with ITASCA Laboratories and NECSA Laboratories to discuss the sampling strategies. As this was an unusual request, the laboratories had to made some alterations to their current sampling instruments. Another meeting was called involving the Section Environmental Officer and the Proto Liaison Officer of Great Noligwa Mine to assess all possible safety and risk aspects.
The sampling took place on Wednesday, 18 October 2000 with some interesting results, which are explained in more detail in this report. The Great Noligwa team really went out of their way to give assistance in every way possible.
2) Strategy:
Sampling: To obtain accurate results from the samples, a sampling time of at least sixty minutes was required. After some debate whether to install a vent seal or to switch off the fan, it was decided to keep the end unventilated for a period of one hour. With no airflow, it was expected that the highest concentration of pollutants will be close to the face blasted, and that the sampling will take place as close as possible to the face. All the sampling instruments were to be assembled on top of a flat car and pushed inside the end. Temperatures, Barometric pressure and "spot" samples would also be taken inside the end during this period.
Safety: All the relevant persons were notified beforehand including the Department of Minerals and Energy. Due to the complexity of the instrumentation, one of the ITASCA representatives had to go down with the Proto team. He was to stay in fresh air at all times and a procedure drawn up for in the case of an emergency. A life sustaining refuge bay was to be identified. He also required training on a self-contained self-rescuer, which he would take down and use in an emergency situation. Communication lines had to be established in fresh air close to the sampling area and the fan re-starting procedure had to be adhered to. Methanometers and Carbon Monoxide warning devices were to be taken with. The WEM Department visited the selected site
MK ENV 01092002
beforehand to ensure that no re-circulation of air will take place and contaminate the area and that the refuge bay is life sustaining.
Samples: The following pollutants were identified for analysis: NOx; SO2; SO3; O2; N2; C1-C4; H2; He; CO; CO2. SF6 tracer gas would be released just after the blast to determine the dilution effect. The samples would be taken over a period of sixty minutes and contained in iceboxes to prevent the Nitrous fumes from diluting through the sampling bottles. Spot samples would also be taken every five minutes. A continuous Carbon Monoxide, Oxygen and Methane monitor was also to be set up. A list of the type and amount of explosives was to be made available to the laboratories.
Explosives: 100 Sticks of Powergel @ 112g/stick and 50kg of low density Anfex would be used to charge the end and 50 X 2,4m Durafuse 6D detonators with 30m Dura Cord (ignitor cord) to detonate the explosives.
3) Sampling:
The exercise took place on Wednesday, 18 October 2000. After the ITASCA representative received training on the use of a self-contained self-rescuer, a briefing session was held with the two Proto teams. The procedure for taking the samples was drawn up by ITASCA and explained to the Proto team captains. Instructions were given and two sets of plans of the area drawn up for the Proto teams to take underground.
On their way to the selected site, all walls in the ventilation district were checked for leakage and sealed to avoid any contamination of the area. The compressed air in the refuge bay was opened in case the ITASCA representative had to be withdrawn. On reaching the site, the sampling trains were assembled, flow rates checked, calibrated and put on a flat car. The Proto members ensured that all personnel were withdrawn from the area.
It was of extreme importance that the time of blast is in line with the blasting times of the upper levels as not to expose anyone to blasting fumes. After the fan had been switched off, the blast was initiated and everyone evacuated to fresh air awaiting the blast. A period of twenty minutes was given after the last round went off before the Proto team proceeded into the end with the flat car, lifeline and other instruments. Only three Proto members went inside the end with the other members staying in fresh air as a back up.
The pumps were started on all the continuous instruments and "spot samples", temperatures and barometric pressures were taken every five minutes for a sixty-minute period. Once completed the fan was re-started as per the fan re-starting Procedure and another set of "spot samples" was taken for fifteen minutes to determine the dilution effect. After all the samples had been taken, the flow rates were checked and everyone proceeded to the station.
During this whole exercise, the Control room on surface was manned at all times by Production, Proto, WEM and Mining Office members. There was frequent communication from underground reporting on the progress and all events were recorded in writing.
MK ENV 01092002
4) Results:
anglogold
Visibility: The visibility after the blast ranged from 1m to 3m. A HUND Tyndalometer was used to measure the dust concentrations but unfortunately exceeded its' range and no results could be obtained. It was remarked that the low visibility could be due to the high amount of dust and not so much the smoke.
Environment: The wet-bulb temperature increased from 28,50C to 34,50C in less than 60 minutes after the ventilation flow had been stopped. The dry-bulb temperature had a slight increase of 1,00C (to 350C) and the Barometric pressure varied between 1095 and 1096mbar.
NOx and SOx: The concentration of NOx was measured at 212,4mg/m3 (approximately 113ppm) and SOx NIL.
Atmosphere background: The atmosphere before the blast contained traces of CO2 (735,5ppm), CO (49,1ppm), CH4 (4ppm) and H2 (21ppm). The CO concentration was higher than expected in normal ventilation air.
Atmosphere blast fumes: Carbon Monoxide - increased from 49,1ppm to 115ppm. Carbon Dioxide - increased from 735,5ppm to 5,7%. Oxygen - decreased by 1%. Methane - increased from 4ppm to 125,7ppm. Hydrogen - increased from 21ppm to 792ppm. Nitrous oxide - measured at 42ppm.
The combined flammable gases of Hydrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Ethylene and Hydrocarbons total approximately 0,1%, which is well below the lower explosive limit.
The final report as drawn up by ATASCA is appended "ACOOK ITASCA NOV2000"
5) Conclusion:
A few unforeseen problems were encountered during the sampling survey. Tracer gas was released prior to the blast to evaluate the dilution by increasing air concentrations of the NOx and SOx samples. However, due to the size of the development end measuring at 4430m3 and the concussion of the blast being greater than anticipated, the volume of tracer gas released was too low. This did not affect the accuracy of the results. Some NOx and SOx sample solution fluid was lost due to pressure differences between 50 Station and surface. This also did not affect the accuracy of results, but transport procedures will have to be re-evaluated in future to minimise this loss.
MK ENV 01092002
As this was a first of its kind, the total procedure went exceptionally well. A lot of time and effort went into the exercise and the Staff from Great Noligwa gave their full support and co-operation. ITASCA and NECSA had to modify their instrumentation and executed the exercise professionally. A great deal of appreciation goes out to all involved.
MK ENV 01092002
Anglogold SA Region - O-ESH Office
anglogold
BRANDRILL EXPLOSIVES REPORT
28 MARCH 2002 Prepared by: Dries Labuschagne Technical Assistant - Occupational Environment
MK ENV 01092002
Table of Contents
anglogold
Index 1. Executive Summary
Page 3
2. Sampling Methodology
3
3. Sampling Results
3
4. Interpretation of Results 4.1 Air volume required per panel 4.2 Air volume required for multi panels (30 holes) 4.3 Air volume required for multi panels (60 holes) 4.4 Air volume required for multi panels (90 holes)
4 5 6 7
5. Recommendations
8
6. References
9
7. Appendices Appendix A - Calculations
10
MK ENV 01092002
1. Executive Summary
The main purpose of the exercise was to determine the different types and amount of airborne pollutants released from the "Brandrill" cartridge explosives. Two gas samples were taken and analysed in order to do a simulation on any number of holes. The exercise can be seen as a huge success with accurate results obtained.
2. Sampling methodology
For the laboratories to obtain adequate gas samples, the airflow in the selected panel had to be reduced to the minimum. The intake side of the stope was sealed off by a Proto team who also assisted in the execution of the exercise. Two samples were taken during blasting of 2 holes and 30 holes. Tracer gas was released before each blast to determine the dilution effect. The sampling equipment was positioned in the gully updip of the face see Diagram 1.
A period of twenty minutes was used for sampling after each blast. On completion of the sampling, NECSA laboratories carried out the analysis. ITASCA laboratories, who co-ordinated the whole process underground, also made use of on-site multi-gas detection and recording instrumentation.
The dust test was performed during February 2002. A total of six gravimetric sampling pumps, 3 total and 3 respirable, were placed at the return side of the panel. The sampling time was 13 minutes and a time weighted average (8 hours) was calculated from the results.
3. Sampling results
The sampling results showed low gas concentrations as can be seen in Table 1 and 2 below. The only gases detected that exceeded the Occupational exposure limit were NOx and CO. The concentration for NOx was measured as 187,3 mg/m3 and Carbon Monoxide 960ppm or 1100mg/m3 As CO was the highest pollutant identified, the calculations are based on its readings. Note: the Occupational exposure limit for CO = 25ppm.
MK ENV 01092002
Sample
1 9 13 3 6 7 12
O2 (% v/v)
21.8 0.4 20.2 0.1 21.2 0.2
n2 (% v/v) 81.8 0.5 75.7 1.0 79.7 0.1
H2 (ul/l) 81 <1 <1
CO
(ul/l) <1 92 5 <1
CO2
(ul/l) 502 12 1910 23 855 7
ch4
(ul/l) 11 10 1 3 1
Table 1 Atmosphere analyses
CxHy (ul/l) <1 5 1 <1
sf6
(ul/l) <1 4379 10 <1 812 112 148 17 <1 93 1
Sample
Blast 1 Blast 2
NOx (mg/sample)
0,91 2,81
Nox (mg/m3)
70,0 187,3
SOx (mg/sample)
<0,8 <0,8
Table 2 NOx and SOx concentrations
SOx (mg/m3)
<15 <15
Kopanang, BLAST 2
CO concentrations and atmosphere sample times
MK ENV 01092002
The dust results show a highest concentration of total dust as 0,493 mg/m3 (legal limit 10 mg/m3) and respirable 0,088mg/m3 (legal limit 1 mg/m3) with a total of 26 holes blasted as depicted in Table 3 below.
Sample Reference Sampl Correc Sampl Correcte Concen TWA
filter Filter Mass e -tion e
d -tration 8 hour
Mass
Volum
Mass Sample
e
Sampl
Sampli
Factor
mass
e ng Time Before Befor After
After
e
Numb Type (min) (mg) (mg) (mg) (mg) (m3)
(mg) (mg) (mg/m3) (mg/m
er 3)
P 258 Total 13 47.19 47.43 45.93 45.99 0.0247 -0.06 0.24
0.3 12.146 0.329
P 259 Total 13 46.74 46.98 45.93 45.99 0.0247 -0.06 0.24
0.3 12.146 0.329
P 260 Total 13 47.07 47.46 45.93 45.99 0.0247 -0.06 0.39 0.45 18.219 0.493
M 221 Resp 13 17.34 17.37 17.33 17.33 0.0247 0
0.03
0.03
1.215 0.033
M 217 Resp 13 18.91 18.96 17.33 17.33 0.0247 0
0.05
0.05
2.024 0.055
M 216 Resp 13 17.57 17.65 17.33 17.33 0.0247 0
0.08
0.08
3.239 0.088
Table 3
4. Interpretation of results
4.1 Air volume required per panel
The amount of fresh air required to dilute the CO concentration to below the Occupational exposure limit of 25ppm is 3,6 m3/s for every 30 holes per panel blasted and 11,9 m3/s for 90 holes per panel blasted as depicted in Table 4 and Diagram A.
MK ENV 01092002
Dilution required per panel for Carbon Monoxide fumes to reach Occupational Exposure Limit of 25ppm. (Calculation Appendix A).
Fresh air required /
No of Holes Concentration Concentration Concentration Area Velocity Quantity Gas flow rate
panel
Fresh air required
Ppm
mg/m3
kg/m3
m2 m/s
m3/s
kg/s
m3/s
m/s
weight x ppm G l x h
area x velocity kg/m3 x m3/s Q = Q1 x 106 - Q1
m3/s / area
24,45
1000000
MAC - N
1
32
37
0.000037 9 0,01
0.09
0.000003330
0.1332
0.01
2 65
74
0.000074 9 0,01
0.09
0.000006660
0.2664
0.03
10 320
367
0.000367 9 0,01
0.09
0.000033030
1.3212
0.15
20 640
733
0.000733 9 0,01
0.09
0.000065970
2.6387
0.29
30
960
1100
0.0011
9 0,01
0.09 0.000099000
3.9599
0.44
40
1280
1466
0.001466 9 0,01
0.09
0.000131940
5.2775
0.59
50
1600
1833
0.001833 9 0,01
0.09
0.000164970
6.5986
0.73
60
1920
2200
0.0022
9 0,01
0.09 0.000198000
7.9198
0.88
70
2240
2566
0.002566 9 0,01
0.09
0.000230940
9.2374
1.03
80
2560
2932
0.002932 9 0,01
0.09
0.000263880
10.5549
1.17
90
2880
3299
0.003299 9 0,01
0.09 0.000296910
11.8761
1.32
100 3200
3666
0.003666 9 0,01
0.09
0.000329940
13.1973
1.47
Table 4
CO = 960ppm to 25ppm Vel = 0,44 m/s Q = 3,6 m3/s
Panel 1
CO = 1920ppm to 25ppm Vel = 0,88 m/s Q = 7,9 m3/s
Panel 1
CO = 2880ppm to 25ppm Vel = 1,32 m/s Q = 11,9 m3/s
MK ENV 30LO92OO2
60
90
4.2 Air volume required for multi panels (30 holes)
The amount of fresh air required to dilute the CO concentration for 30 holes per panel on 4 panels in series to below the Occupational exposure limit of 25ppm is depicted in Table 5 and Diagram B. (Calculation Appendix A).
No of Holes
Concentrati Concentrati Concentratio
on on
n
Ppm
mg/m3
kg/m3
Area m2
Velocity m/s
Quantity m3/s
Gas flow rate Kg/s
Fresh air required / panel m3/s
Fresh air required
m/s
Panel 1 Panel 2 Panel 3 Panel 4 Panel 5
weight x ppm 24,45
g 1000000
lxh
area x velocity
kg/m3 x m3/s
30
960
1100
0.0011
9
0,01
0.09
0.000099
0.0001015
30
985
1128
0.001128
9
0,01
0.09
2
0.0001015
30
985
1128
0.001128
9
0,01
0.09
2
0.0001015
30
985
1128
0.001128
9
0,01
0.09
2
0.0001015
30
985
1128
0.001128
9
0,01
0.09
2
Table 5
Q = 4,06 m3/s Q = 4,06 m3/s
Panel 4 A
-----
CO = 985 ppm to 25 ppm Vel = 1,79 m/s Q = 16,14 m3/s
Panel 3
--
CO = 985 ppm to 25 ppm Vel = 1,34 m/s Q = 12,08 m3/s
MK ENV 01092002 Q = 4,06 m3/s
Panel 2
r
CO = 985 ppm to 25 ppm Vel = 0,89 m/s Q = 8,02 m3/s
Q = Q1 x 106 MAC - N 3.96 4.061 4.061 4.061 4.061
Q 1 m3/s / area
Vel Qty
0.44 0.44 3.96
0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45
0.89 8.02 12.0
1.34 8 16.1
1.79 4 20.2
2.24 0
Diagram B
4.3 Air volume required for multi panels (60 holes)
The amount of fresh air required to dilute the CO concentration for 60 holes per panel on 4 panels in series to below the Occupational exposure limit of 25ppm is depicted in Table 6 and Diagram C. (Calculation Appendix A).
Panel 1 Panel 2 Panel 3 Panel 4 Panel 5
No of Holes
Concentrati Concentrati Concentratio
on on
n
Ppm
mg/m3
kg/m3
Area m2
Velocity m/s
Quantity m3/s
Gas flow rate kg/s
Fresh air required / panel m3/s
Fresh air required
m/s
weight x ppm 24,45
g 1000000
lxh
area x velocity
3 kg/m3 x
m3/s
Q = Q1 x 106 MAC - N
Q 1 m3/s / area
Vel Qty
60 1920 60 1945 60 1945 60 1945 60 1945
MK ENV 01092002
2200 2228 2228 2228 2228
0.0022 0.002228 0.002228 0.002228 0.002228
Q = 8,02 m3/s Q = 8,02 m3/s
9
0,01
0.09
0.000198
0.0002005
9 0,01 0.09
2
0.0002005
9 0,01 0.09
2
0.0002005
9 0,01 0.09
2
0.0002005
9 0,01 0.09
2
Table 5
CO = 1945ppm to 25ppm
lPanel 4
Vel = 3,53 m/s
agram v78 m3/s
Panel 3 --
CO = 1945ppm to 25ppm Vel = 2,64 m/s Q = 23,76 m3/s
Panel 2
t
CO = 1945ppm to 25ppm Vel = 1,75 m/s
7A
7.7198 8.0206 8.0206 8.0206 8.0206
0.86 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89
0.86 7.72
1.75
15.7 4
2.64
23.7 6
3.53
31.7 8
4.42
39.8 0
Air volume required for multi panels (90 holes)
The amount of fresh air required to dilute the CO concentration for 90 holes per panel on 4 panels in series to below the Occupational exposure limit of 25ppm is depicted in Table 7 and Diagram D. (Calculation Appendix A).
Panel 1 Panel 2 Panel 3 Panel 4 Panel 5
No of Holes
Concentrati Concentrati Concentratio
on on
n
Ppm
mg/m3
kg/m3
Area m2
Velocity m/s
Quantity m3/s
Gas flow rate kg/s
Fresh air
Fresh air required / panel required
m3/s
m/s
90 2880 90 2905 90 2905 90 2905 90 2905
MK ENV 01092002
weight x ppm 24,45
g 1000000
3299
0.003299
3328
0.003328
3328
0.003328
3328
0.003328
3328
0.003328
lxh
9 9 9 9 9
area x velocity
3 kg/m3 x
m3/s
0,01 0.09 0,01 0.09 0,01 0.09 0,01 0.09 0,01 0.09
Table 7
0.0002969 1
0.0002995 2
0.0002995 2
0.0002995 2
0.0002995 2
CO = 2905ppm to 25ppm
Panel 4 k v Vel = 5,31 m/s
Q = 47,82 m3/s
Q = 11,98 m3/s
Panel 3
CO = 2905ppm to 25ppm Vel = 3,98 m/s
Q = 11,98 m3/s
--
Q = 35,84 m3/s
Q = 11,98 m3/s
Panel 2
CO = 2905ppm to 25ppm Vel = 2,65 m/s Q = 23,86 m3/s
Q = Q1 x 106 MAC - N 11.876 11.981 11.981 11.981 11.981
Q 1
Diagram D
m3/s / area
1.32 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33
Vel Qty
1.32
11.8 8
2.65
23.8 6
3.98
35.8 4
5.31
47.8 2
6.64
59.8 0
f CO = 2880ppm to 25ppm Vel = 1.32 m/s
5. Recommendations The results show unacceptably high levels of Nox and CO and it would be recommended that continuous monitors be put in place at each panel. A robot system should be considered to work in conjunction with these monitors. Personal CO and Oxygen monitors must be issued to each panel. Air measurements on the air velocities must be done on a frequent basis and high discipline would be required on the maintenance of in-stope ventilation controls. As can be seen, an air quantity of 48m3/s would be required to work 4 panels simultaneously when blasting 90 holes on a panel. The practicality of this situation might not be viable and serious consideration could be given to modifying mining layouts to reduce re-use of air and resultant occupational exposures. If the required velocities cannot be obtained for dilution, all personnel on the upstream side of the panel blasted will have to be withdrawn during the blast.
It is extremely important to complete the dust assessment to determine the effect of the dust on the ventilation required.
6. References
MK ENV 01092002
8. Appendices
Calculations
NOx concentration = 187,3 mg/m3 = 0,0001873 kg/m3
Velocity = 0,01m/s
Area = 1m2
Quantity = velocity x area = 0,01 x 1 = 0,01m3/s
Gas flow rate = concentration x quantity = 0,0001873 x 0,01 = 0,000001873 kg/s
Fresh air required
Q = Q1 x 106 ---------
MAC - N
- Q1
Q = fresh air required Q1 = gas flow rate (kg/s) MAC = maximum allowable gas concentration after mixing (ppm) N = gas in normal air (ppm)
Q = 0,000001873 x 106 -----------------------
50 - 0
- 0,000001873
Q = 0,0375 m3/s x area
Q = 0,0375m/s fresh air required for dilution of Nitrous Oxides
CO concentration = 800 ppm
TLV to ppm = (TLV) x 24,45
MK ENV 01092002
Appendix A
molecular weight
ppm to TLV = molecular weight x ppm
24,45
= 28,01 x 800
24,45
= 916,5 mg/m3
= 0,0009165 kg/m3
Velocity = 0,01m/s
Area = 1m2
Quantity = velocity x area = 0,01 x 1 = 0,01m3/s
Gas flow rate = concentration x quantity = 0,0009165 x 0,01 = 0,000009165 kg/s
Fresh air required
Q = Q1 x 106 --------MAC - N
- Q1
Q = fresh air required Q1 = gas flow rate (kg/s) MAC = maximum allowable gas concentration after mixing (ppm) N = gas in normal air (ppm)
Q = 0,000009165 x 106 -----------------------
25 - 0
- 0,000009165
Q = 0,367 m3/s x area
MK ENV 01092002
Q = 0,367m/s fresh air required for dilution of Carbon Monoxide should the concentration be 800ppm.
MK ENV 01092002
DIESEL FUMES
| Project Title: Author(s):
1 Report Date:
Project Summary : GEN 010
Control of diesel exhaust in underground workings 269p.
H Haase, A D Unsted and C Agency:
Denysschen
CSIR: Mining Technology
03/95
Related Projects:
| Category:
Generic
Applied Research
Occupational Health
Summary
This project produced nine reports covering the following subject areas - Health effects of exposure to diesel exhaust emissions - Diesel exhaust pollution, monitoring and design criteria
MK ENV 01092002
c* T * I Truck I FactdriU iRoofboJter l LHO Teamleader Constr. MnersAsst
Measuring Positions
N02
CO
NO DPM
S02 N02 (peek)
FIGURE 1 Example of average relative exposure levels
MK ENV 01092002
FIGURE 2 Correlation of spot sampling to continuously measured peak exposures for 6 cases as a function of the spot sampling frequency
- Engineering solutions to NO2 exposure problems - Pollutant monitoring methodology for diesel particulate matter - Engineering options for the control of diesel engine emissions - Results from exposure measurements in S A mines, Part 1: T rackless underground gold mining operation using bord and pillar extraction methods; Part 2: Deep-level narrow stope mine using LHDs in roadways; Part 3: Haulage level using diesel engine powered locomotives. - Comparison of exhaust emissions of an underground mining diesel engine before and after refurbishing.
Several key aspects concerning pollution control strategies were investigated such as critical pollutants, exposure measurements and instrumentation, suitable measuring strategies, ventilation design methods for pollution dilution, and several others.
Conclusions
The critical pollutants are NO2 (peak exposures) and diesel particulate matter (DPM) (time averaged exposures) (see Fig. 1). DPM emissions are sensitive to engine maintenance. The ceiling exposure limit for NO2 requires continuous monitoring. Spot sampling is not suitable for peak exposure identification (see Fig. 2). Only electro-chemical cells are suitable, but are problematic. They also require testgas which tends to be unreliable. DPM can be conveniently measured with gravimetric dust samplers. Drivers of diesel powered vehicles experience the highest exposure levels. Locations of highest exposures are dead-end headings or areas with air velocities lower than vehicle velocities.
MK ENV 01092002
A cost effective strategy would be to measure driver exposure only. The common practice of measuring at return airways does not produce 'representative' correlations. Existing design methods for pollution dilution are too simplistic to ensure safe exposure levels in cases of complicated ventilation layouts or dead-end headings. Only well planned measuring strategies can provide a safeguard against overexposure.
MK ENV 01092002
SOUDAL FOAM
Anglogold
Corporate Office Mining
SOUDAL MINING FOAM
Prepared by: JA Labuschagne Technical Assistant - Occupational Environment Date - 17 December 1999
MK ENV 01092002
Index Introduction Summary Conclusions MDI & TDI Tests Toxicity Tests Flammability Tests AMPLATS Project Report
Page 3 3, 4 4 5 6 7 8
MK ENV 01092002
Introduction:
A new product, Soudal Mining Foam, which main component is Polyurethane, was under discussion at a Free State Standards Meeting. The main application will be for tamping of holes after charged up. The decision to make use of the product was deferred until comments are received from Corporate office.
Summary:
The Anglogold Recommended controls for high risk areas (No. 25) - Class 1 Organic materials (Products containing safe quantities of organic materials e.g. PUR Polymers) has the following requirements: Fire performance characteristics - must be self-extinguishing, will not propagate flame, emits little smoke and gases when exposed to external flame. Must pass the NES713 toxicity test, i.e. must have an index of not greater than 5,0. Must pass an appropriate full-scale burn test.
Different tests, involving four different institutions, were conducted on the above product for toxicity and fire performance characteristics with mixed results. The flame spread and flammability results as well as the toxicity index are within the set standards. All the specimens introduced to the fire tests extinguished automatically within one second. The smoke toxicity index did not go higher than 2,4.
The concerning factor is the results on the Diphenylmethane 4,4'diisocyanate(MDI) and Toluene diisocyanate(TDI) chemical tests. The results were much higher than the suggested limits as set out in the Regulations for hazardous chemical substances of the OSH Act 85 of 1993 (TWA of MDI=0,02mg/m3). Paragraph 33 states that the exposure limits do not apply to mines. The limits set in the book by ACGIHs, TLVs and BEIs are even lower than those of the OSH Act (TWA for MDI&TDI=0,005ppm/mg/m3). No traces of MDI or TDI could be found during testing in the training centre and laboratory. During the underground tests, MDI levels as high as 0,079 and TDI levels of 0,066mg/m3 were measured during tamping with Soudal foam. The CSIR explain that this could result from the fact that Isocyanates contain highly reactive Nitrogen Carbon Oxygen groups which react with Hydroxyl groups of Polyols to form Polymers. Even higher readings were obtained during the filling of holes with explosives. Unfortunately no tests were conducted on paints and explosives and the measured MDI and TDI levels can not relate to the foam product used.
A broken down summary of the tests is included in the report.
AMPLATS introduced the product on trial with the following findings: MK ENV 01092002
It is fast and effective, tamps up to 150 holes per can, it is not labour intensive, 4c per can cheaper than conventional tamping, no intensive training involved, an average of 10cm improvement in face advance per blast. Conclusions: From the findings the product does not proof to be a health or fire hazard. The results on the tests conducted on flammability and toxicity are well within the standards. The findings from AMPLATS are very positive in the sense of time and cost saving and possible increase in production. Bambanani mine is currently doing a risk assessment on the product and once completed the report must be forwarded to this office. Should the decision favour the introduction of the product in the mines, certain special precautions will have to be adhered to such as: - Adequate training for the users on the correct use of the product; - Correct PPE to be applied, i.e. gloves, safety goggles, respirators; - The transporting and storage should be similar to those on spray paint products, e.g. store in lockable steel cabinets; - Empty containers should not be left underground. Since the tests conducted revealed high readings on MDI and TDI prior to the use of the product, it is recommended that chemical tests be performed on spray paints and explosives.
MK ENV 01092002
MDI & TDI Tests:
The CSIR - Division of Water, Environment and Forestry Technology obtained a list of chemicals used in the Soudal Mining foam. Two chemicals namely, Diphenylmethane 4,4'diisocyanate(MDI) and Toluene diisocyanate(TDI) were found during the formulation analysis. AECI and NCOH were approached to do chemical tests on these products.
The tests were conducted against the suggested limits as set out in the Regulations for hazardous chemical substances of the OSH Act 85 of 1993 (TWA of MDI=0,02mg/m3). Paragraph 33 states that the exposure limits do not apply to mines. The limits set in the book by ACGIHs, TLVs and BEIs are even lower than those of the OSH Act (TWA for MDI&TDI=0,005ppm/mg/m3).
Two methods were used for determining MDI and TDI levels, Impinger and casette. No traces of MDI or TDI could be found during testing in the training centre and laboratory on surface.
During the underground tests, the impinger method revealed a concentration of 0,04mg/m3. Tabulated below are the results from the chemcasette sampling.
Control Room Drilling Holes Filling holes with explosives Tamping holes with mining foam
MDI (mg/m3) 0,17 0,17 0,125 0,079
TDI (mg/m3) 0,054 0,054 0,095 0,066
MDI levels as high as 0,079 and TDI levels of 0,066mg/m3 were measured during tamping with Soudal foam. The CSIR explain that this could result from the fact that Isocyanates contain highly reactive Nitrogen Carbon Oxygen groups which react with Hydroxyl groups of Polyols to form Polymers. Even higher readings were obtained during the filling of holes with explosives.
Unfortunately no tests were conducted on paints and explosives and the measured MDI and TDI levels can not relate to the foam product used.
MK ENV 01092002
Toxicity Tests:
The toxicity analysis on the mining foam product was conducted by the SABS against the
following concentrations in ppm:
Carbon dioxide
- 100 000
Carbon Monoxide - 4 000
Nitrogen Oxides
- 250
Hydrogen Cyanide - 150
The test was carried out in accordance with the Naval Engineering Standard 713 with the following results:
Sample Identification
Mining foam fresh Mining foam after 3 hours
Toxic gas factor
Carbon Dioxide
-
0,1
Carbon Monoxide
1,4 1,4
Nitrogen Oxides
0,3 0,3
Hydrogen Cyanide
0,5 0,6
Smoke Toxicity
Index
2,2 2,4
Smoke toxicity values: 0-3 Low smoke toxicity material 3-5 Intermediate smoke toxicity material >5 High smoke toxicity material
None of the following gases also tested for were detected: Hydrogen Chloride, Hydrogen Sulfide, Sulfur Dioxide and Ammonia.
MK ENV 01092002
Flammability Tests:
The flammability and flame spread tests were conducted by the SABS. The test to establish flammability of the sample was conducted in accordance with SABS SM891 "Flammability of aerosols (flame projection test)" with the following results:
Spray ignited No
Flame projection mm Nil
Self supporting flame No
The sample tested to "UL94:1985 - Standard for tests for flammability of plastic materials for parts in devices and appliances" test was performed with the following results:
Specimen No. 1 2 3 4 5
Flaming duration (s) 1 1 1 1 1
Dripping No No No No No
Flaming to holder No No No No No
All of the samples extinguished automatically within 1 second.
MK ENV 01092002
AMPLATS Project Report:
The product was introduced to AMPLATS for a trial period with the following comments: 1) A very fast and effective way of tamping 2) Tamps up to 35cm in depth effectively 3) Tamps up to 150 holes per can 4) Not labour intensive 5) Take up to 8 min. to tamp a panel of 35 meters 6) Cut cost up to 4c per can cheaper than conventional tamping 7) Multiple uses underground 8) Seal ventilation pipes and use it as ventilation pipe gaskets 9) No fire hazard 10) No wastage of tamping and preparations of tamping 11) No intensive training involved on the job training is needed 12) Strict control over issues of full cans on return of empty cans at distribution point 13) More time for charging up operations 14) In case of misfires a copper scraper must be used to remove the tamping 15) There is an average of 10cm improvement in advance per blast 16) It is user friendly and non-toxic 17) No errors in the application of this type of tamping is possible.
MK ENV 01092002
RESPIRABLE DUST
Although not specifically evaluated during this process, exposure to respirable dust will be controlled and monitored as per the process described in the Mandatory Code of Practice for an Occupational Hygiene Programme on personal exposure to Airborne Pollutants (Annexure 1).
MK ENV 01092002
ANNEXURE 4 AIRBORNE POLLUTANTS NOT LISTED AS HAZARDOUS ONNIOSH
DATABASE
Airborne Pollutants identified not to be listed on the NIOSH database to be hazardous were the following:
Hydrogen Helium Grease Hydraulic Fluid Silicon Grease Monobloo Portabloo PH Powder Zenatex PRLC 40* SP 100* MYCO SA 160* MYCO TCC 766* Polyheed SG* Note: * Batch Plant Chemicals
MK ENV 01092002
ANNEXURE 5 AIRBORNE POLLUTANTS TO BE EVALUATED DURING NEXT REVISION
OF THE COP
Airborne Pollutants to be measured during the next revision of the COP: Fridge Plant Chemicals Caustic Soda Wynns Green Clean Paint Stripper Quick Start Rubber Solvent Aluminium Dust Vent Seal Silent Seal
The above-mentioned airborne pollutants were either not available for measurement or the media for the measurement thereof were not readily available.
MK ENV 01092002
ANNEXURE 6 WORKING MEMBERS OF COMMITTEE
The Committee consisted of the following members:
Full Name J Dekker T van Dyk J van Niekerk J Havenga M Symons C Somers F Cloete B Rawlins H van der Walt J Mackenzie E Newberry
Affiliation/s Anglogold Corporate Office Moab Khotsong Moab Khotsong Great Noligwa Kopanang Tau Lekoa Savuka Tau Tona Tau Tona Mponeng Mponeng
MK ENV 01092002
ANNEXURE 7 ANALYSIS REPORT
MK ENV 01092002
Arta1vftic*1 Report for AngloGolt* Mo<*b Mine
Report "No. 121/2002 2002/09/09
Tho Worlds Flnost Air Sampling Products
CONFIDENTIAL
Confidential
Page 1
02/11/13
MK ENV 01092002
Date of Report: Report Number: Contact Person: Telephone Number:
Client: Telephone Number: Fax Number: E-mail Address:
Purchase Order Number: Completion Date Requested: Description of Analysis:
Samples Received by: Date Received: Description of Samples: Condition of Samples:
Analytical Method:
TESTREPORT
2002/09/09 El 21/2002 Johann J Grabe (011) 873-3881 / 873-0833
AngloGold - Moab Mine (018) 478-1775 (018) 478-1641 tvandyk@anglogold.com
SR49290 ASAP Variation
'
Johann J Grabe 2002/08/15 Badges, Filters & Tubes Good
Refer to Quotation QUJ00069
* BDL = Below Detection Limit
Analysis done by: This report compiled by: Date of Completion: Confidential
E. Cowley Protechnik Laboratory Johann J Grabe SKC South Africa 2002/09/09
Page 2
02/11/13
MK ENV 01092002
Based upon NIOSH 1500/1501, the following compounds were specifically
tested for: 1,1,1-trichloroethane Methyl isobutyl ketone (Mibk) Methyl ethyl ketone(Mek) 2,4,4-trimethylpentane Carbon tetrachloride 1,2,3-trimethyl benzene(123TMB) 1,2,4-trimethyl benzene(124TMB) 1,3,5-trimethyl benzene(135TMB) N-Heptane
1,2-dichloropropane 2-methylpentane 3- methylpentane Trichloroethylene Tetrachloroethylene 2-butoxyethanol
Cyclohexanone
n-butyl acetate
n-hexane
1,4-dioxane Ethyl acetate Ethyl benzene Toluene Pyridine Cyclohexane
Benzene
Chloroform
Xylene
Table 1 - Volatile Organic Compounds - results in mg/m3 See attached spreadsheet - Pages 7-12
DETECTION LIMITS (LOD) (fig)
COMPOUND 1,1,1-trichloroethane Methyl isobutyl ketone (Mibk) Methyl ethyl ketone(Mek) 2,4,4-trimethylpentane Carbon tetrachloride 1,2,3-trimethyl benzene(123-TMB) 1,2,4-trimethyl benzene(124-TMB) 1,3,5-trimethyl benzene(135-TMB) N-Heptane 1,4-dioxane Ethyl benzene Pyridine Chloroform Benzene
UODfog)
1.84 0.52 3.89 0.44 5.03 0.64 0.72 0.68 0.54 0.61 0.58 0.65 4.39 1.59
COMPOUND
1,2-dichloropropane 2-methylpentane 3- methylpentane Trichloroethylene tetrachloroethylene 2-butoxyethanol cyclohexanone n-butyl acetate n-hexane ethyl acetate toluene cyclohexane xylene
LOD(pg)
0.80 0.53 0.74 1.21 2.16 0.59 0.95 0.59 0.43 3.59 0.71 0.52 0.62
Confidential
Page 3
02/11/13
MK ENV 01092002
Note : Detection limits for all other compounds = 1.0 pg
Table 2 - GC-analysis and Degreaser
The samples were extracted with methanol and analysed on a GC-MS with a mid polar column. No organic compounds could be detected.
Table 3 -Amines - results in mg/m3 SAMPLE NUMBER Si (4) Si (7) Si (10)
AMINES 0.0034 0.0043 0.0010
Table 4 - Weighing of PVC filter - resullts in mg/m3
SAMPLE NUMBER
WOOD DUST
GLA-1
Table 5 - Inorganic acids - results in mg/m3
SAMPLE Si - 1 (Back)
HF -
HCI -
H3PO4 -
Si -1 (Front)
---
Si - 2 (Back)
- - BDL
Si - 2 (Front)
- - 0.0067
Si - 3 (Back) Si - 3 (Front)
Detection Limits
BDL BDL
0.0245 0.0069
BDL BDL
Analyte
HF
HCI
H3PO4
HBr
HNO3
H2SO4
HBr -
BDL BDL
HNOs
-
*
-
BDL BDL
H2SO4 0.0196 0.0228
-
0.0152 BDL
Microgram per sample 0.37 0.31 0.35 0.70 0.65 0.53
Table 6 -Ammonium salt - results in mg/m3 SAMPLE NUMBER Si - 8 (Back) Si - 8 (Front)
AMMONIUM SALT 0.00069 0.00460
Confidential
Page 4
02/11/13
MK ENV 01092002
Table 7 - Chlorine - results in mg/m3 SAMPLE NUMBER 9006-1 (Back) 9006-1 (Front)
LODci' = 0.31 pg/sampie
CHLORINE BDL BDL
Table 8 - Phenol, Cresol and Formaldehyde - results in mg/m3
SAMPLE NUMBER
PHENOL
CRESOL
FORMALDEHYDE
XAD7-2
.-
- BDL
XAD2-1
BDL BDL
-
LODFormaldehyde = 3p9
Compound Toluene Ethylbenzene Xylene Hydrocarbons Tetrachloroethylene Benzene Derivatives
XAD-2 (mg/m3) 13.44 3.17 26.14
3648.48 453.27 1669.67
Table 9 - Paraffin Wax The samples were analysed according to NIOSH Method 5026 for mineral oil mist. Parrafin wax could not be detected. Detection limit = 50ug
Table 10 - Turpentine - results in mg/m3 SAMPLE NUMBER GN-17
TURPENTINE BDL
It is recommended that organic compounds be sampled on charcoal sampling media.
Confidential
Page 5
MK ENV 01092002
02/11/13
C o n fid e n tia l
Page 6
TABLE 11
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02/11/13
MK ENV 01092002
TABLE 11
lfGN-13 IGN-15
Confidential
Page 6
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02/11/13
MK ENV 01092002
G.A.B.I.E BADGE RESULTS
Date: 2002/09/09 I Badge No: 6861 1 COMPOUND
(VOC's)
iToluene Ethylbenzene Xylene
TWA Cone, HCS POLLUTANT1
mg/m3 (ppm) OEL/TLV
AQI
(ppm)
0.08 0.021
50 0.000421
0.01 0.003 100 0.00003
0.07 0.016 100 0.00016
11
Total AQI
0.000611
Confidential
Page 7
MK ENV 01092002
02/09/10
G.A.B.I.E BADGE RESULTS
Date: 2002/09/09 Badge No: 6863 COMPOUND (VOC's)
Toluene Tetrachloroethylene Ethylbenzene Xylene Hydrocarbons (Nonane)
I
TWA Cone, HCS POLLUTANT
mg/m3 (ppm) OEUTLV
AQI
(ppm)
4.83 2299.08
7.31
1.299 338.630
1.686
50 0.02598 50 6.77259 100 0.01686
394.05 3090.11
90.892 590.259
100 0.90892 200 2.95129
Total AQI
10.67564
Confidential
Page 8
MK ENV 01092002
02/09/10
G.A.B.I.E BADGE RESULTS
Date: 2002/09/09 Badge No: 6864 COMPOUND (VOC's)
Toluene Tetrachloroethylene Ethylbenzene Xylene
TWA Cone, HCS POLLUTANT
mg/m3 (ppm) OEL/TLV
AQI
(ppm)
0.07 0.019
50 0.00038
1.62 0.238
50 0.00476
0.01 0.003 100 0.00003
0.13 0.031 100 0.00031
Total AQI
0.00549
Confidential
Page 9
MK ENV 01092002
02/09/10
G.A.B.I.E BADGE RESULTS
Date: 2002/09/09 Badge No: 6869 COMPOUND (VOC's)
Toluene Tetrachloroethylene Ethylbenzene Xylene
TWA Cone, mg/m3 (ppm)
0.04 0.010 0.53 0.077 0.01 0.002 0.06 0.015
HCS POLLUTANT
OEL/TLV
AQI
(ppm)
50 0.00020 50 0.00155 100 0.00002 100 0.00015
Total AQI
0.00191
Confidential
Page 10
MK ENV 01092002
02/09/10
G.A.B.I.E BADGE RESULTS
Date: 2002/09/09 Badge No: 6871 COMPOUND (VOC's)
Toluene Tetrachloroethylene Ethylbenzene Xylene
TWA Cone,
mg/m3
(ppm)
0.15 0.041 0.10 0.014 0.02 0.004
0.11 0.025
HCS | POLLUTANT
OEL/TLV
AQI
(ppm) II
501 0.00082 50 0.00029 100 0.00004
100 0.00025
Total AQI 1
0.00140
Confidential
Page 11
MK ENV 01092002
02/09/10
G.A.B.I.E BADGE RESULTS
Date: 2002/09/09 Badge No: 6878 COMPOUND (VOC's)
Toluene Ethylbenzene Xylene
TWA Cone mg/m3 (PPm)
0.26 0.070 0.06 0.013 0.29 0.066
HCS POLLUTANT
OEL/TLV
AQI
(ppm)
50 0.00140 100 0.00013 100 0.00066
Total AQI
0.00219
Confidential
Page 12
MK ENV 01092002
02/09/10
ANNEXURE 8
Note:
TWA mg/m3 OEL BDL #
EVALUATION RESULTS
Time Weighted Average Milligram per cubic meter Occupational Exposure Limit Below detection Limit Short Term Exposure Limit % of OEL Exceeded
MK ENV 01092002
Airborne Pollutant Name Batch Plant Chemicals:
Delvo stabilizer,
PRPL 25, MYCO
TCC 735
Glue Epoxy Resin
Turpentine Portland Cement
White Wash
Individual Chemicals measured
Measurement Results TWA
(mg/m3)
Sample Reference
OEL (mg/m3)
% of OEL
Hydrochloric Acids
Amine
0.004 0.002
Si-3 0.5 0.8 Si-4 0.05 4.0
Paraffin
Phenol Cresol Formaldehyde Amine Sodium
Hydroxide
Turpentine Aluminium Calcium Cadmium
Iron Potassium Magnesium Manganese Sodium Palladium Silicon Titanium Zinc
Titanium Calcium
None detected
BDL BDL BDL 0.0015 BDL
AE-1/ AE-2 XAD-7.2
XAD2.1 Si-7 TF-2
2.0
5.0 5.0 0.37# 0.05 2.0#
-
3.0
BDL 0.002 0.06 BDL
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.0064 BDL BDL BDL
BDL 0.07
GN-17 GLA-2
GN-10/11
100ppm 5.0 5.0 0.2
5.0 2# 10.0 1.0 2.0 10.0 5.0 10.0 5.0
10.0 5.0
0.04 1.2 -
0.064 -
1.4
AQI
MK ENV 01092002
Airborne Pollutant Name
Individual Chemicals measured
Aluminium Cadmium Iron Potassium
Magnesium
Measurement Results TWA
(mg/m3)
BDL BDL
Sample Reference
OEL (mg/m3)
5.0 0.2
BDL BDL
5.0 2.0#
0.006
10.0
% of OEL
0.06
Calcium Chloride
Manganese Sodium Palladium
Silicon Zinc
Xylene Toluene
Tetrachloroethylene
Ethyl Benzene
Aluminium Calcium Cadmium
Iron Potassium Magnesium Manganese
Sodium Palladium Silicon Titanium Zinc
0.02 BDL 0.0007 BDL BDL
BDL BDL 0.15
0.1
BDL 0.015 BDL
BDL BDL BDL BDL
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
6871 GN-12
1.0 2.0 10.0 5.0 5.0
1434 188 170
434
5.0 5.0 0.2
5.0 2.0# 10.0 1.0
2.0 10.0 5.0 10.0 5.0
2.0 0.007 -
0.09
0.02
0.3 -
AQI
MK ENV 01092002
Airborne Pollutant Name Water Chemicals:
BCH tablets
SAX 831 ST 40 Chlorine
Flocculent Carbon Oil
Mineral Oil
Individual Chemicals measured
Measurement Results TWA
(mg/m3)
Sample Reference
OEL (mg/m3)
% of OEL
Chlorine Toluene Ethyl Benzene Xylene Aluminium Calcium Cadmium
Iron Potassium Magnesium Manganese Sodium Palladium Silicon
Titanium Zinc
Ammonium Salt
Toluene Tetrachloro-
ethylene Ethyl Benzene Xylene
Toluene Ethyl Benzene Xylene
BDL 0.26 0.06 0.29 BDL BDL BDL
0.005 BDL BDL BDL 0.002 BDL BDL
BDL BDL
0.0004
0.04 0.53
0.01 0.06 0.08 0.01 0.07
9006-1 6878
GN-13-16
0.5 188 434 434 5.0 5.0 0.2
5.0 2.0# 10.0 1.0 2.0 10.0 5.0
10.0 5.0
Si-8 10.0
6869
188 170
434 434
188 434 434
0.14 0.01 0.07 0.1 0.1 -
-
0.004
0.02 0.3
0.002 0.01 0.04 0.002 0.02
AQI
MK ENV 01092002
Airborne Pollutant Name Degreaser
Gypsum
Welding Fumes
Individual Chemicals measured
Toluene Tetrachloro-
ethylene Ethyl Benzene Xylene
Measurement Results TWA
(mg/m3)
None detected None detected
Sample Reference
TF-1
None detected None detected
OEL (mg/m3)
188 170
434 434
% of OEL
-
-
CalciumSulfate
Calcium Carbonate
Aluminium
BDL BDL 0.007
GN-4 GN-5
10.0 10.0 5.0 0.1
AQI
Calcium
0.07
GN-5.2
5.0
1.4
Cadmium Iron
0.07 0.08
0.2 35* 0.35
GN-1
5.0
1.6
Potassium Magnesium
Manganese Sodium Palladium
Silicon Titanium Zinc
BDL BDL BDL 0.005
BDL BDL BDL 1.03
GN1/5/5.2
GN-1
GN1/5/5.2
GN-5.2
2.0# 10.0 1.0 2.0
10.0 5.0 10.0 5.0
0.25
20.6
Anti Rust Electroclean
PhosphoricAcid
Toluene Tetrachloro-
ethylene Ethyl Benzene
Xylene Hydrocarbons(
Nonane)
0.007
4.83 2299
7.31 394 3090
Si-2 6863
1.0
188 170
434 434 1049
0.7
2.6 1352*
13.52
1.7 90.8* 295*
0.9 2.95
MK ENV 01092002
Airborne Pollutant Name
Wood Dust Loctite
Galvanized Carbon Steel
Sulphuric Acid
Individual Chemicals measured
Inhalable dust Aluminium -
hydroxide
Titanium dioxide
Toluene Tetrachloro-
ethylene
Ethyl Benzene
Xylene
Measurement Results TWA
(mg/m3)
0.359 BDL
BDL
0.07 1.62
0.01
0.13
Sample Reference
GLA-1 GN-2
GN-3
6864
OEL (mg/m3)
5.0 10.0
10.0
188 170
434
434
% of OEL
7.2 -
-
0.04 0.95
0.002
0.03
Aluminium Calcium Cadmium Iron
Potassium Magnesium Manganese Sodium Palladium
Silicon Titanium Zinc
0.003 BDL BDL BDL
0.34 0.04 BDL 0.07 0.02
0.015 0.005 1.97
GN-6
5.0 0.06 5.0 0.2 5.0 -
2.0# 17* 10.0 0.4 1.0 2.0 3.5 10.0 0.2
5.0 0.3 10.0 0.05 5.0 39.4*
Sulphuric Acid
0.011
Si-1 1.0 1.1
AQI
0.17 0.39
MK ENV 01092002