Document bygwQvED0wmMn5jEjpyngX85D

What to Conitdar In Sotocflng a Mathod of Surface Preparation The question at selecting a method of airfare have good wetting characteristic*, U uaed by preparation depends upoa ( number of factors raiJroo.li, public utilities, highway departments, ether then tlx economic coodilioo* involved. and othen. Among there arti The limeed oil vehicle, however. Is *Jow dry- L Coodilioo of the aurface to be painted, f. Type of service to which the metal and paint will be (objected, I, Practicality of uilng e particular method became of environment, end 4. The type of paint which k to be ['plied. tog and it is often necessary to use a faster dry ing oil-tram vehicle combination such aa hlA Formula 8-7 (TTP-Ma. Type 11). Such a paint la limited in Ka wetting ability by the presence of aynrLetie rrsHa. Therefore, aurfacea receiving paints of this type must be more carefully cleaned of corroaioa product! and contaminants The requirement! for surface preparation are maximum performance ia expected. more eevera ar the wetting ability of the paint Coing still further, painting requirement! may decrease*. One naaoo why the antknrroirva neceasftata tha use of the very rapid drying ryn- red Irad pigment in Unwed oil paint, Li A. thrtlc vehicle type paints, such aa L.I.A. For Formula M (the tame at Fed. Spec. TT-P-Ma. mulas 3-7, oe Ml (TT-P S&a, Type 111) or 8-18, Type f, or SSrC Paint I-53T) hat achieved aa (MIL-PHStt) (Bu Shlpa Paint Formula No. eminent reputation for protection of ftcel la doe 118). These paints ara useful and excellent to ha superior wetting characteristics. It has when applied over carefully prepared aurfacea. demonstrated exeeileat aotkorrosioo perform The following are the recommended methods -f ance when uaed over ateel where small amounta for the surface preparation of steel to which red of rust and tightly adherent mill scale are pres lead paint is to be applied, along with a table ent A surface condition such aa thia ia often indicating the type of structural steel the es- the beat Chat can practically be obtained far the poeure, drying time, LIA recommended led eld. Equally good results ara being obtained lead paint and specification for the recommended by similar high rrd Irad ia od systems, which denning methods. Surfaca Preparation Method* factors to bo considered la aelectloo of any metal protective paints are turface preparation and the condition of the surface et the time of application, the character of the base metal and the environmental exposure. Only those surface preparation method* which are pertinent to structural steel Cleaning and which are moat generally uaed are considered in this Technical Letter. The ma|or methods of surface preparation of atcef may be classed under three categoric*! L Mechanical surface preparation L Hand cleaning 1 Power tool deanir^ 3. Sand or shot blasting 4. Flame cleaning Q. Chemical surface preparation 1. Weathering & Chemical cleaning a. Alkali cleaning K Pickling ci Steam cleaning 3. Pbosphale surface treatment IIL Solvent cleaning and degreasing Tha following are general description* of the more common surface preparation methods. Co der each heading will be found a reference to the detailed rpecificatioo It that method, which appears la Volume II, Steel Structure* Painting Manual, published by Sled Structure* Painting Council, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh 13, Pa. G a&fti aMBk aymt*y*el'ilj>-1 moiii pa,, ivji'wiutaai n.rw.)|w..u'|"aw" 111 uMa IWinn nil ( I i *-1419523 MSOUNKA1 WMMl PW/UATTOM ol 300 to SOW r pm. under load, while (he o Hersd ClemUri* (iVC-tf I-31T) rotational rprvd ciI tue pneumatic drivers brusliee Is regulated by the sir pressure and the volume Iliad cUexing is best adapted lo spot clean ing far oseinlrswiK* [vpa luting and Is Ik X leeeosmraded lor u m over large areas her* more effective method* *ro evsibbi*. It lnts only tbr high rpviti at I mil**. The opci*tkjo M mutt of the sir. Powar brushes may cut through t!u mill Scale but the wear ors Ihe brush is excessive. The power brush mutt be Lrpt moving to pre vent burnishing which produce* t poor surface for pe.ndag toaumtdy accomplished wuh Itiff, `Puiry wire Ct laden and tandert art eff ective in the prep brushes, ibrasrv* perwr or doth, scrapm,knives, chisels, or chippug hammer*. Tbr h-nd dr-suing operation varies with tbr aration at t surface when the sbraifve gj g six* b carefully selected fat the Job si hand. While power operated scaling sad d-ippbg typo el Bull scale end depth of conouA Wit* bnitUoi it one of tb* ollat methods et me chanical turftew preparation u>d generally par tially removes only loosely adhering mill teal*, nut, eld (Mint Lime, tod dried or embed tod. It dorr out remove adhering null scale. li stratifed rust It pntrot, R should trst be removed by hammers sir faster than the hand operated type, they are slow as compared to xrset avidable methods. For very (hick surfaos accuosu(ebons, they have merit. The tool must be kept sharp. The operator must be careful not to remove sound metal, drive mdl scale Into soft metal, or leave metal bum oo the surfroe, the chipping tod toipol Mure hand brushing. A surface which It 1st tnd Ire* ol obstructions tod Irregularities may be bind brushed at t mi* ol two square fret per minute. Chipping kaasmrn remove most ol tb* aiS tcmlr. but 11 lb* acton It too vigorous over this latter two csrsditsocis contribute to ouly print failure. Oil and grease should be removed by aohrnt cleaning before power tool doming to prevent spreading la either band cleaning or power tool clean aortal, R *uy drlurm or even pme tb* aretsL ing primer coat of red lewd paint should be Chipping may drive null retie or corrosion prod- applied before any tutting become* visible. A Bets Into 0 soft metsl surface. Oupptng is tuts* paint tysteia ol two initial coats ol red lead ally followed by either wire brushing or scrap ing or both to remove looeo mil! seal* or paint primer followed by suitable Snath coots will give crprfVnt service. time. Unices tare It exercised. nan* Imbedded mdl scale ouy remsio which may cause localised land or Hut glassing (StfC-9 J-J7T) early paint Iallure. Hand tersp-ng ako* with a thtrp-cdgrd tertper it probably one ol the trait elective methods ol surface cleaning ol metal as R re* moves only snai-odbeting mill scale and old point Elnu. If oil or grease are present, solvent cleaning with frequent changes ol the solvent should precede hand cleaning; otherwise od or grrste win be spread over the descaled base metal. Should explosive vapors bo prevent, t special aoo-epariing wirs or tool must be employed. Sand or shot blasting procedures are employed where all the mdl scale, rust, nut-scale, foreign matter (except heavy deposits of grease nr oil), or paint are to be removed and the base or 'white* metal exposed for paint application. Both processes are hosed upon the abrasive ac tion oo the surface ol various sized particles of sand, shot, grit or other abrasives being dis charged, cither wet or dry, at high pleasure. XI rial or ooo-osetallic synthetic shot or grit is usually employed where recovery ol the abrad ing agrot is possible, while sand la used pri Power Te*t Cleaning (UfC-V J-JJI) marily lor operation* la which the abrading agent Is expendable. Hand dousing metbods are duplicated by Succrsdul blasting techniques require care power tools designed for Insetting, sanding, ful considrrsUon el pressure*, size of nozzle, grinding, scaling, impact cleaning or chipping. The general sequence ol operational teehnijue* distance of nozzle from the surface, Lind of ma terial to be removed, type of abrasive, loss of ire the tamo as under band cleaning Fewer abrasive, health hazard, coat of abrasive, and tool cleaning it more effective and more eco type of surface preparation required. nomical than band denning for Ltigrr surface*. The grit should be of sufficiently mull size A large variety at shape* tnd sue* ol brushes, to remove effectively the surface contaminants grinders usd landers ua available and at* mostly without excessive working of the metal surface ol the rotary type. The electrically operated or the formation of cnter-lda surface depres rotary brushes are effective at operational spar.Is sions, ridge* or metal heir*. The point may not uwvwnvum* vunem w .'n ib jgg|wujaiiingi gR^.tafl/AWfiJg^uWgiASisr. . .4|rnii.laoM..|l"i i is il ilit in. iiffMnHiR ilRanii a.,-.----...------- .... o l WffRIai aaRheaffRtnaawii provide adequate dim thkln**i owr the rUg** or tlpa of the metal hairs, and thus they Wtwni local point! of premature pilot dim failure. E. ccaslve twite* working U (tv* metal may de velop unequal stresses In some surface areas tod become cathodic to adjacent areas This will accelerate corrosion as tha pilot dim commences to ltd Dry sandblasting although widely used, should bo doaa with duo health precautions, not only to protect the operator from Ano ibciuv* dun but olio other workmen to tho immediate eovlreminent Machinery to tho vidniiy of sandblastfag operation* should bo shielded. Wot or hydraulic ssod or ihot blutlng elimlBlter obrulvo durt hazards, but If water tolublo Inhibitors fucb 01 chromate or phosphate type* ora used, they preoeot different health hazards which must bo met with proper precaution!. The time kg between completion of bintlog tad priming Is dependent upon the typo of blastlog, the humidity of tho surroundings or tho presence of soluble inhibitors to the wet biosting laid. Any blasted surfice should bo further chemically treated or primed with red lead point before any risible rusting occurs. On surface* prepared by sand or shot blast* tog tiro primer coat* of red lead point followed by a suitable tnish coat should give 10 to U yean of service. Ro o m Peewit (SSKSt M2I) Flame cleaning may bo used on many fabri cated shape* where tho structural sections or* of proper stock thickness, ore readily accessible, not subject to warping, and where dehydration of the surface b mandatory. Flame cleaned sur faces must be painted before coodcnsatloo com mences; bcnce, they should be painted while atm warm and dry. Recommended practice re quires pointing within two hours. Flame cleaning b used to remove unbonded mill scale and old mdl scale which has not been previously pointed. Rarely does fUrae cleaning remove all the mill scale. It must be followed by wire brushing and dusting before priming. Fume cleaning should not be used on Modi 1ms than S/18 to. thick. CHUUCAL 8UVACI MVMATMM Weathering (StfC-JP F-32T) Possibly the oldest surface cleaning operation fa atmospheric weathering a process whereby the removal of the mill scale fa primarily depend ant upon the corrosion of the metal and the sub sequent loosmtlng of the uvitl scale by creeping of the rust briwcea the null scale and the base metal. In sis months to a year meet at the luoseuiyj m.ll scale will hart fallen 08. Any remaining products of corrosion and partially looaened mill scale must be irmovtd by undblasting wire brushing scraping or chipping before (he surface fa primed. Areas of rightly adhering mil] Kale can only be completely ra mmed by tandblaatlng Otxa the base metal fa exposed, it should be immediately coated with a red lead primer. Usually, to clear weather, sis hours or leu wdJ serve as a safe time inter val betwree completion of sandblasting and application of a red lead pclmer. Field reports indicate this method of surface preparation followed by two coots of a red lead primer pJnt and a suitable top coat wdt provide bom 8 to 10 yean of adequate protection. AAe damsteg Alkali cleaning fa more efficient and less haz ardous than solvent cleaning Alkali cleaners include soak tank cleaning pressure spray clean ing electrolytic cleaning scrubbing and brush ing for structural steel assemblies. Alkali cleaning removes od. grease and soluble lust stimulators. Alkali cleaning does not re move heavy or carbonized oils or rust inhibithre offs. The surface fa left alkaline and before painting it must be rinsed to a dilute odd water sedation to prevent saponification of n pcimet vehicle. MckAsg gjjl) Pickling fa an effective method of surface preparation for painting Mill scale and corrosion products are com| rtely removed by pickling degreased boa or ueei to dilute add solution. The main disadvantage of this method lies to the necessity for following the pickling with a neutralizing and water rinsing operation to re move all face add and reaction products, and then a rinsing to either dilute phosphoric add or chromic add solution or mixtures of these to create an inhibited metal surface. This must be followed by a thorough drying of the metal sur face prior to painting The undesirable attack of the base metal by the pickling add fa minimized and regulated by the use of suitable Inhibitors which may be ditaolved fa the pickling bath. These inhibitors create and regulate a preferential selective at tack oa the mill scale and corrosion products The surface should not bo etched excessively. o teetofa stoaMmantoMwi. // mmt MfWiMraii otHm sSMCfMI ) * but sllglit stcbing 0f the mrfsc* aids la tb* m*chanktl adhesion at ihu paint dins. This type at iurine* preparittnq k limited mainly to sillier unU rra olycu or structural shapes Jut sr* easily handled. Red lead prlnur paint.ng of tb* pickled luxbo* should be doo* brfar* tba thin film left by tb* chemical treatment (bowl any visible V*<* corrosion. After this tyjie at turfac* preparation, two onati at tad lead primer paint Iallowed by * suitable top coat should give sdequata terries for 10 to li yean. Ileora Ctraalif Where th* ill*, ibap* or location makes it Im possible to solvent wipe the surface, stnun clesob>g h becoming quite general b> field surface preparation. Steam cleaning remove* dirt, grime, freaie and looae oaid-zed paint, but does not remove nut or mill scale. The moit efficient steam cleaning inchidri tbe addition of detergents to tba steam-water mix ture. If tbe detergeot-eteam-water mixture k auffieieotiy alkaline, it will also remove grease. Tbe aurfaee after steam cleaning k usually al kaline and must ba adequately rinsed to prevent saponification of tb* paint vehicle. Wnapbnt* larfsu Tnakust (SStCTT 3-531) Phosphate treatment leaves tb* surface la a satisfactory condition for maximum paint Ufa, but it does Dot remove mdl scale. Therefore, for tb* most efficient treatment tba ruriser should b* pickled or blasted prior to pbospbxt* treat ment Insoluble metal phosphates resulting from tb* phosphate treatment extend tb* life of tb* paint film by Improving adhesion, retarding un derfilm corrosion, reducing electrochemical no tion and tSe decomposition of the paint vehicle by corrosion product*. The meisl phosplute sur face k strong sod fienble vttough to withstand thermal shock. Tbe phosphate treatment has been applied by spray process, Immersion, brushing, or portable Spray equipment. The MIL-C-I037J specifics!loo may be con sulted fur details. Tbe l'. S. Cosp at Engineers Manual for Painting (1'As) refers to cold phos phate or chemical metal corxi.ttooers. Who properly eppbed, phosphate surfec* treatment has been successfully used on ship plates, river dam gates, locks, etc Tbe palm application and service are tbe tame u foe pickled boo os steel. sotvwr c u a mmo a n d wowim <StfC-5F t-JJT) Structural steel may be solvent cleaned by wiping, dipping, or spraying depending upon the size of the members. Wiping k widely used. It removes tbe od and grease readily and rapidly and lequlrcs a minimum of Boor space. In tba use of solvent cleaning by wiping the solvent assist b* changed frequently to prevent spreading of tb* od and grease, and due precau tion, depending span the solvent employed, must be observed to guard against fir* hazards and toxicity of the advent Solvent cleaning does not remove nut or mid scale. Military Specification, Mll^P-llfia, gives cleaning methods foe steel and mentions tbe type of petroleum advent to uses Federal SpedBcstioo P S-661 or ASTM Specification DSS4-S2 cover the os* of "Stoddard Solvent.* Federal specification* ar* available far most of tb* im portant solvents. I_m9525 3 ., 1 sBcjiiaau ................... u . U 'nineI r'HHUgkgpiiykgi,)If'kt"'-:'" diMMahfcMMtikatiiiir iksa.anf ifcaMkaitk Hit seuasMbsekaAi iikasSHi LIA19526 Svrfaco Preparation of Stool Roeommondod for Rod Load Paints IQvkk !><*< tommtfft Kr-H-- uttnn. toctoenl Stool For TUT**# of fipotgrr.AtaM^iasto AM61 Oy4+4 7 mu A^vosd Ui M Hi. TU. IX,* AW toad frtoteo la 10X41 AWiW** ***# ^TjnTfif'nl Hand CV(o| SVCLfldtT ftoetj J-44T ito rw u+r*u* U So IU<tod/ Solnte C3twk| to rr*nr>to OLh Ooontaf SirC^Fl-MT /wttd Stool CMmfcaBy Cortom butod OU Soarogo Toato AtoapMoi sad Manna fcnumgonrott *4 111. uwtnlSlnt Ateo^lwk 14 Hr. tMMnlhNl HHt Mmctaral SmI AtoiipLfic 4 Hr. IOX4-T |Uo Qroatef UPC-5PW2T M naw WCWIT 10X4-7 y * ctokti SifCWWIT ar FtiU wCown 10X44 Hoad Cktakf WCffWIT Note Taol Oooataf IC4fMST (.1X414 Cotewnki SioteCSoantoc SSFC-SFfeSST FtrUtof ssrdffUff SeKrte Ckaatog to hocodt OeWr Ctooatoa UTC-SFLUT hnctwxl Sterl. ErjdBy MSS' k( Fnm* AtMpLrk, T--| noisy (6 U00-) (Ur. ssreu-ss? SoLik ClrttiM SSTC-SFl-CT nd Wfca BrnaHtef ssfosr^sxx HtdmJk Stmtoto o l Cik Cotes, Uuk* Cotro, Tolatef Cotea. Cipmed Strwcfartl Steel to Fotopfef Statwon rt:Mydntlk Stntctono, V Crete Coten, ftoka Cotes, TteatorCteoo, Eipnood Stnactanil Stool t Fwaptof Stotioan NraJ m Ch Hw im Iww rdrm h. MtM hftelarCoodnM Fiank Water Hr. Ilk. (0X7-4 Mate Oraaiaf SSFC'SFSoZT d Coating fir wotette MOXVlMttA 10X7-4 BLte Creator SSFC-S? WIT nod Caattof Fia twteik MILC-UB^A *TW wcoowwifaJ lod W priaaor bnooki 0*07 U fuaad la IUd Usd TocWol Lottoro of tko load IftJmtila Aooodo* boa. 1V ltd Nahrr It tW aaobtr of tim Tochnfcal Lotto* k orktefc 6k fnrauli uran nd tk aooai k 6i Mabct of tU fonaalo la thte TirKakrot Uttar. AD SSK ipodlnlloai wfrrrtd to HaroIn auy k tuwd to Vnluwa II of Stool fc-ort--0 Fatottoi Mongol Stool Sfiracturoo ftbang Corned, 4400 fihfc Arma, ftttoMffk U, Fo. MIL apocftentioa* wmj ko knktd m nay Coaoral Sorvlcoo Adkitotokattoa Eaglnaol Often. o o 1 tartogMw y ur'AMfff 1 Hilt 11> nn 4tr inyMhriW--Si' i ^ seTUtfMsfil nil' f in 1 in i ill 1`iTrfc (Ms ! it-- i i tiili L IA 19527 Surface P reparation of Shel Recornmendec for Red Lead Paints IOrid Itfanat fern--aryl nrms nr** Badrood BoB-- Sta* rerTiUiTraa f f^sbea AtBMepheete Wdte f>V**4 7*** Rateeel far n*t*e jUnp4ieebW fUdL--4 hiwm Im AJ+*** fftpeiftte It RaveMwJW.' Kt rXeee Sfcts Vsf Alee 04 Seywfrnd: U Hr. LUM orM Ksed fW| urcsr Art at Fewer Tt fl-Milnd ssrcSrsssr Sofvmt CVah| to rm*>ie Otter CWetoe IWC-if 1-UT tkkM (Tov+W*. wUituii. Beet* Toppfef), brkign OvW Tkimki; Doth* Mertoa, htemMeef hnewnim fei Sa Weier Sbfoa (Tajotiao, liNrnci, ftorfTora>, OJ Statist Tb > * - *n e-n--tMi Imoatfue le Sm Water. Oeakafljf Cantamteitej At--aepW* Hr. 1 Mr. LXA AIS |Ue CUseine ssr&srs^r Mhi " tSTCSt ASST UA AM fcUtf Cleentof wc-srs-tfT ar Mhf ssrcsPMit ^ SM^Brtaa--, IrrrT.hS-Wa- UKtttedStaf, OmGmI M-*bnio Wj iAt iw Iw Katl At--apbaria CelnatMd Steel, Om Coat New CJrerfwJ P el Vep Coat ItltAppM At--apbnto 4 III. M Hr. 4 Hr. M Ur. IS Hr. 4 Hr. IS Hr. UHr. 4 Hr. L1AM4 Bleat CWafcf ssrosruiT Mbt * ssr&srurr LLA.AI AS or AS Sefvaot CSaooAo ssrcsM-wr aod fboaplnta Bio tli--at ssfc-fTAsrr LXA. At AS or AS SdfwM GnAtoi SSFO&F 142T sad WVt Brwttaf SSrC4Ff4ST LLA.A4 or AS Sotoaot Cbaotao sspe-sr i-sTr aod Bboapbolo fro bartonot sspe-rr a mt Weathered ee kited Atiiepfcerii Celrselwl Steel, Top Coat to be App&ed UHr. Ha LXLA4 at AS Solvent CWetnf SSrOSFl-UT end Wire Btwbin* ssrc-sri^xT Tlbo maniU tod M pdM for--Itt --y bo M h Bod Load Tnblctl Lotion of tin Lood lodoatrlao taxlo Boa. Tba In owobar lo tin a--boo of dw Tocfaakol Lottoi la wbfcb that for--io ippoon tad tbo mood It da a--boo of tbo lot--k U that Tacbalcal Lattac. An SSTC rpociScattooa rofarrod to bar-- muy bo fciaad la Vob--a D of Stool Strocto-- fibttn Uaooal. Stod Scrortono raJadot Conned. 4400 n/th Aaoaoaw IHtd--ib ML fa. MIL rpoddrottnoa --r bo obtataod b-- aar Coaanl Sarrtua * * b f f 11 |T 4 i i 1 1j I i i ----*MtSba^ddtifiiMeidteli--ii iMi tmiai L**; 95^s Ii|:':i CV:V';ij fHDfr l:\HK 0fLNl0fC(E f'VlPO-^. "I Ji i ii s \U lliiii ih i inif*Mtanr of Wall *hu*rA in tmlio'i building plant. ample pru*i*N>n dviuld hr madr l<> pnnMfr t>l iiwnplrie w jlrtpOBtfing of u* h h*lutr* Oiv id |!/ riunt, mtnl, h r ] rtuM wiH> ttd toalri-pn>rf>ng htrllwh n ll*e Ue nf h *<f dwntri pal.* I In- Mn i >h> *ib *i *' Htr lolk'totng page i pmtidnl lliM'liHr in Miri ihmr kh wivih fen Ulr ! vantage >4 lrxT nulti aiMintg watripnxfmf ij>alil<- Mini lead i n alw hr utrd in li jtiU|f in the watrrj>ttrfnf << area* mher than tialh or mwm l/iil w(' pan* und> r Mula fountain*, kill hem. And other pLw r% (rrr leakage or tpdlagr nu> u mu i, toil! pnnK the *amr high drgtee of *aWpmofmg that ** evporird of tad dvmrr pan* In general. the umr method of mualUlmn At outlinrd in the inrti- hration for trad *h*wer pan* thnuld br followed. O mPllVlOUS TO MOISTURE Utd thrmrr and ufr |uni pmprrfy imiaHed prmidr an impermeable mnitluir burner hriwrrn ihr unit inr|| and thr ad joining waft* and A barrier that it noirMary if damage On bram*. joiitt, fud or drroriliil uirfaii hi hr avoided. (rad turn cannot ahwxb mntttarr. Suh it wit dir <am* witS nnrwniruIlM pam ittmii 5*herl Jrad m ratrrtnrfy duraNr for with appfkatami. It* i*r at a ttandaid mairiial in hrmoral plant* handlinf many fyprt of l ormrivr* ailrttt to Ihi* fa> L womiu Sbm trad fy rwtrrmrfy workable and can eaub hr madr to conform on thr surface* on which thr Um*t ? Irad pan h applied. Thus v***d* be. turrn thr Jrad pan and flooring, inherent in more rigid ituirmlv an* not Wl to irtlb* out after ihr tilr floor t* imtalVd, earning thr lilr to crack and buckle. o ADAPTABLE Shrrt Irad extremely adaptabtr for ur in ail rice or dupe hmrr itath or n*ii. 5Jrri trad pan* arr ratify and ju* kfy in*tal1ed for mini win tier dinwrr walls nr m Un;r mom* nr area*. COST Ihr <0*1 of *hrr| trad ilwwrf and ufr pan* m tufpriungh low. Thr hir material ni*t hat leveled of! to a P*int tohrrr trad i* dirrrtfy rompriitnr t*ilh offyrr rjiolity mairriaH. IV rate of totwking trad rr. dwn <r*tv PtECAUTlOH (irrrti rmirnt. romnir nr mortar containing for Lmr may hr cncm-uvr to Irad a* rt a to mam mhrr mninum ttKtak It thrrrfnrr nr* rv vary to coal thr k*ad */ith a*phattum tn prorret it during thr curing ttagr of thr rmirnt. Aflrr ihr rul ing. thr a*phaltum mating uhiih prm idrd ihc nrxroaary interim pmtrtiinn m> tongrr important. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE Thr Inhnii j) *ufT of th- Amn ialion b at your <li*pn*al in helping you anlvr ywir k'ad pmhlrni*. Other "Bullriiii*'* in tbi* orrirt in ludr *"(yad CainttrtM lion Bulletin No. I -- Spn ihratMin for (yad U air CnrirKctum* for Plumb ing Fitiurr* with Integral Trap*** available upon rr. quot. Addrrt* y<mac mjur*t for litrraturr and other impiiiie* fen: An hiu-clurat Drpt . Lead |ndu*ttie* At*nrutmfi, W fail 42nd Sum. Nrw ^ork 17, N. \. Sferctficalton for LEAD SHOWER ANC SAFE PANS Worrl Irad tot h"rr tmrdaru e with ) ribol S| June 4. I`M, Ua*l ^ furu ifu/l fo- ff ..... . I.-.Ida h B mi Ivttrt. Mvitorf otaQ 'p in mt i, Aik it * . 1 ohaJI br <rnplrtfy l.ucd toifh 4 lb. t> tt>. ft B) ) brrt Irad pan* turned at V a*t t> in up (lw *>dr aB aO around of at lea't 1 m alenr t)e l>obrd (hair. Ciorwri uf putt* dial! h I.Jdnl tightly a.-.mi't thr upitand and ui.lrtr>l (torUrdl at-n^ (Ik P>p . fliimm of pan* *hall hr a Sap ^>mt fur' pared h* tapping one ride of the u|>tarid tutr the t-ther at fraM ' i in. am! *>4defing (Mrlduigi thr irrtiial Ream ,. e Top nf upland* iball be *rt tu. k in into fMrfchrs in *tud*. Top of iifMtaml* *hall tr drr%*ed tighth again*! maMWiry Mali* . fn fian* !< - Lrg> to br (tnrml by a vngle *hert of Irad. want* jntning fehert* ohall br Lapt>'i! a. or-M 1; in in dimti>ai of Auw am! **ild<d mltlrmi. *..;th 4der Hrated hrttofrn the *hert* lo the width ul thr cnrrlap. Pipe or triH tufa! turmlrn pT<>tr>K)ing through the Jrad pan riufl hr flatbed *nh Jra-* bx<* or rime* evlervlmg t< a height equal to the HpUltd and hr xJdefrd welded I" thr pan. (awwrrlr under pan* rital] \w bnu;ht t. a u'ewah finrih with a nuvtorr of irment and s iik I. and the Irad tor!! toatrd on kah ide* with a fol grade of atphahum. Win n I faN>r> under pan* dial] br firm ami om with nail head* n. and made of wr!b*rauined ? in. hard* emrred with 4.*fduh- impregnated building paper weighing at 1r flv per quarr. Iroidr of pam no *<*! floor* hall br wed coated wilh a g>xJ gratis of ayphaltum.) BuiUJmg |Mf<rr 'hall hr Lid o*er the inridr of Irad pan* on lop of the a*phal'<im dat ing if thr pan* arr left urn m, ml and therr i* danger of mo hank al injur*. A irment and *afxl mixture hatl be u*rd ink(e p.m* a* foundation for tile. Pan* riialt lie graded lu the fl*'i drain to which they dull br m urrfy wjilered welded. fcLmpedj. The (rap flange *ha!l be <ormter*unk and wrrp hole* pruxided in thr drain j't*1 aUi\e the Irad pan. 'llie trap xhalt lie plugged and pan fiflof with water a* a lev hrfrr imtalling (hr irment ami tile. 'll alrf liw* Jmmi MIi a im, >ifi2> Wr run fr to hr lined. wriMaiM