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CC: J. A. Klacsmann, Wilm. F&F D. L. Herndon, E. T. Breuer, L. S. Baker, "" A. B. Naselow, Wilmington Approval File arshall Lab. Approval File ^N. Pappas, Laboratory C. N. Swinehart, Laboratory W. H. Beutef, Philo. Plant ^0 IS, Files 3320 Marshall Laboratory March 3, 196? -on J. O. GRAVES, WILMINGTON F&F R. N. SANGER, WILMINGTON F&F MARSHALL DEVELOPMENT LABORATORY RELEASE LETTER NO. 2149 COMMERCIALIZATION OF CUSTOM COLOR SYSTEM BASED ON BENNETT'S DECORATOR COLORANTS Research favors the proposal to purchase the Bennett system of colorants and sales aids as a solution to the big problem of providing consumers with a better choice of colors in a variety of qualities (water-based emulsions, solvent-based alkyds and various Industrial Maintenance qualities). In the future, however, it may be advisable to have lead-free colorants and better information on the ingredients in these colorants .and on their possible interactions wjth solvent and water-based paints. MJM/meg M. J, McDOWELL w; i2 | 1 CC: W. D . Lawson, F&F, Wilm. G.T.Vaala, " H. H. Hodge, " " J.,, C Richards, " " D. L. Hernson, " " J. O. GRAVES (23) J. A. Kiacsmann," " DIRECTOR OF PRODUCTION P, I..Poindexter," F. & F., WILMINGTON TpO. H. Bullitt, Jr., Lab. C. W. THEOBALD P. J. Graham, Exp. Sta. / G. I. Mulholland, Flint DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH DIVISION L. S. Baker, F&F, Wilm. F. & F., WILMINGTON R. N. SANGER (4) / j f File: 3320 TRADE SATES MANAGER Marshall Laboratory F. & F., WILMINGTON February 12, 1969 MARSHALL DEVELOPMENT LABORATORY RELEASE LETTER NO. 2149 ^ COMMERCIALIZATION OF CUSTOM COLOR SYSTEM BASED ON BENNETT'S , ______________ DECORATOR COLORANTS ________ PROPOSAL AND EXTENT OF RELEASE; This letter proposes national sale of a Custom Color System based on colorants and sales aids to be purchased from Bennett's of Salt Lake City, Utah. This letter also proposes quality changes in Custom Color Lucite Wall Paint and F low-Kote Wall Paint to bring the quality of these products in line with existing shelf goods. In addition to this quality change, all Custom Color white bases will be adjusted for tinting strength and color to match the Bennett system, This release is written at the request of Consumer Paint Marketing to provide lead time for marketing plans In advance of completion of laboratory and alignment programs. It is recognized that final adoption of this proposal is subject to satisfactory completion of these programs. A supplementary release letter will be issued when these programs are satisfactorily completed. It is also intended to alert Production Services to a proposal which will involve them to a large extent. To date this proposal has not been called to their attention on a formal basis. DUP030022930 N42511.01 i -2 - MANAGEMENT DECISION REQUESTED: To aid management to reach a decision on this proposal, the Development Laboratory considers these points most pertinent: 1. The adoption of this proposal will update our Custom Color System both technically and commercially. 2. The economic aspects presented in this letter reflect the product cost information Currently available to the laboratory^ A number of intangible benefits are involved which favor the concept, but .have not been translated to economic terms. 3. Adoption of this proposal will mean that existing white bases and colorants will become obsolete. Plans for disposition of these obsolete stocks have not been finalized, 4. The Bennett system is based on 12 colorants. Our present system using the Harbil machine has nine colorants. The adoption of this proposal will require modification of the nine cannister machine to a 12 cannister unit. Also, cannisters now filled with our Universal Colorants will either have to be replaced or thoroughly cleaned before filling them with Bennett colorants. 5. Our system and the Bennett system both use lead containing pigments. This will require continuafibn of the present label warning for custom mixed colors using amounts of lead above the present permissible level established by U.S.A. Standards Institute 266.1. 6. Neither the Bennett colorants nor our present colorants are satisfactory for use with "Lucite" Interior Enamel. Therefore, it is not possible to include "Lucite" Interior Enamel in our Custom Color System as desired by Marketing. 7. Exterior durability properties of paints tinted with Bennett's colorants have not been established. It is not likely that any .meaningful'.exposure information will be available by mid 1969 when this proposal is scheduled for release to the trade. 8. In order to obtain the maximum color matching ability inherent in the Bennett system, it may be necessary to refine our testing and control procedures for the white bases. An assessment of the need for this refinement cannot be made until more information on the color matching and quality reproducibility of the Bennett colorants in our bases is established. DU P030022931 -3 - 9. This proposal involves reliance on the technical competence, quality uniformity and supply capabilities of the Bennett organization. Procedures will be required to monitor quality. The supply capabilities should be an item considered in the purchase agreement. 10. Industrial Maintenance Sales has a Painter Maintenance,Mixed Color Service based upon our present Custom Color System. The feasibility of using the Bennett colorants in this system has not been completely assessed. 11, Our present colorants are now made at the Chicago Plant . Adop. ion of this proposal means that facilities there now required for colorant production will become excess or possibly obsolete. TECHNICAL OPINION: The concept leading to this proposal is based on a number of considerations from both a Technical and Marketing viewpoint. Our overall opinion is that the proposal is technically sound and v/e favor approval. From the technical view our Custom Color formulation capabilities are considerably out of date . The present 632 Line Universal Colorants were formulated in 1959 and have not been revised since then. In the interim several companies have emerge^ as specialists in this field and the purchase of colorants has become a common practice in paint industry. From the Marketing view. Custom Color accounts for approximately 5% of our sales of interior paints. Market studies report the national average to be about 30%. The average purchase price for the Bennett colorants will be approximately $2.47 per quart based on movement pattern. This is 21% higher than the present mill cost for the 632 Line on the same basis. Assuming an annual sale of 50,000 quarts of colorant per year (present rate Is 20,000 quarts), the resulting cost differential will be about $22,000 per year. This differential is offset in part by the reduced mill costs for the whites as shown .in the "Cost Information" section of this letter. To develop our own line of colorants of comparable quality would require 2-3 man years of technical effort at approximately $50,000 per man year. The obsolescence and cannister Overhaul problems are unavoidable complications in a program to modify a Custom Color system with its inherent complexities. We see no technical reason why the conversion cannot be made. Marketing will be expected to discuss their plans for handling this situation in their response to this letter. DUP030022932 -4 - The laboratory recognizes the desirability to remove lead and other potentially toxic ingredients from our products. However, the inclusion of lead pigments in the present proposal is primarily a matter of economics and to a lesser degree one of technical feasibility . It is not possible to obtain colors in the yellow-orange range using non-lead colors for the same cost as is possible with lead containing pigments. Further, only light Colors could be obtained due to the low tinting strength of non-lead pigments, Also they tend to produce highly flocculated and hard to handle dispersions. Our position with respect to product liability will not be worsened by the adoption of this proposal over that which now exists. While the Bennett colorants are nqt satisfactory for use in 394 Line "Lucite" Interior Enamel, we are of the opinion that the technical problems encountered can be solved. However, the final formula may have a different property balance than the current 394 Line. No colorant type was found to be even marginally satisfactory in "Lucite" Interior Enamel. However, the performance problem encountered with the Bennett colorants was considered less formidable than the problems encountered with our 632 Line. We are familiar with the pigment types used in the Bennett colors. This information can be used to predict exterior durability . It is not expected that the durability of the exterior products tinted with the Bennett colorants will be any different from that obtained using our colorants. The probable need for refined control procedures for the white bases reflects more our lack of technical support for the present system than a new requirement inherent in this proposal. We expect to recommend up dated control methods for our white bases to maintain the quality of our Custom Color system independently of this proposal, We believe the Bennett organization to be technically reliable. They have been successful suppliers of colorants for over 30 years. The Flo Glaze Company in Canada (now part of Du Pont of Crnada) has had satisfactory technical contact with Bennett for seven years. The technical presentations made to us by Bennett personnel have been creditable and sound. Their technical service has been prompt. In cases where similar experiments have been conducted by Bennett and ourselves, the methodology, data and conclusions have been consistent. Work is underway to evaluate the Bennett colorants in the IM Paint Maintenance Mixed Color Service system. No-problems have been encountered to date. The statements above are provided to support our recommendation to approval this proposal. DUP030022933 DESCRIPTION OF PRODUCT: \ The Bennett's system It composed of 12 coioronts based on a glycol modified Soya alkyd containing 17% phthalic acid. The colorant identification together with some physical and conpositional information is listed in Table I. TABU I Colorant AA B C E* F H J K L M N P Prime Pigment Type Qu inneridone Red Indian Red Qxide Typical Pounds Per Gallon Typical Vise, KU Pounds Prime Pigment Per 4 Oz. 8.60 130 .0588 14.24- 95 .2303 % Prime Pigment (Wt.) 21.1 50.9 Phthalo Blue. Black Oxide/ Lampblack 9.02 10.50 80 100 .0213 .0505/.0168 7,3 19,2 Chromium Qxide Chrome Yellow Medium Yellow Oxide 15,58 14.45 12,27 118 123 120 .2690 ,2120 ,1669 51.0 48,5 43.7 Black Oxide Red Oxide Yellow Oxide 12.69 125 .0420 ,0333 .0896 40.7 Chrome Yellow Molybdate Orange 14.72 Red Oxide 12,69 Chrome Yellow Light 15.86 115 100 115 .0882 .1545 .1551 **: ' .3030 52.9 38,7 58.2 Phthalo Green Lake 8.74 110 .0980 28,9 DUP030022934 * 6 -- The system utilized o light and deep base for each quality. There is also an optional neutral base for making masstone colors . Marketing does not intend to use the neutra l base in our system * The base whites to he used with the Bennett Colorants Swill carry same stock identification as now used with the present system as shown in Table II below. New formula cades will be assigned when development work and "scale up" is completed. TABLE 11 Sales Code Formula 2391-C 2392- C 191 rC 192-C 292-C 292-C 392-C 392-C 491-C 492-C "Lucite" Wall ftalnf-Lt, Base " " " - Peep Bass' Alkyd Wall Point - Lt. Base " " . Deep Base Alkyd ^eiyri-Qless f,t, Base " " " -Peep Base Alkyd Qlpss - Base Alkyd (jjMoss - peep Base Flow Kote Wall Paint-r Lt. Base " * Deep Base 392-Line 392-Line 639-Line 639-Line 639-Line 639-Line 639-Line 639-Line 389-Line 389-Line These Custom Color white bases wilt be adjusted in tinting strength and color to conform to the Bennett system. The colorant will also be used with miscellaneous exterior products including: 52-C "Lucite" House Pplnt - Tinting White, 815-C Trim and Shutter Tinting White and 42-C Chalk Resistant House Paint. The Bennett color book is composed of 1056 colors. These colors are made with a maximum of two colorant additions ot a maximum level of 12 ounces colorant per gallon. Tqble III lifts the number of colors with respect to the amount of colorant addition. DUP030022935 -7- TABLE |ii Bennett Color Group Designation _____ Additional Level Average Colorant Number of Colors Cost per Gallon Paint* w 0-2 oz. 396 $ .0735 X 2 - 6 03. 317 .3165 Y 6 - 12 oz. 123 .8049 Z 6 - 12 oz. 220 .777 *Based on our purchase price of thp colorant. The 220 colors in Group Z use the deep base paint. All others use the light base paint. COMPETITIVE SITUATION; Most major suppliers ore makreting a Custom Color system. Custom Color paints account For thirty percent of national interior trade sales. (Information obtained from Market Research Report 7-22). Our own sale of custom color paints lags far behind the national average at five percent of our interior paint sales. Purchasing of colorants by a major supplier is not a new idea. Currently we believe companies such as Glidden, Montgomery Ward and Pittsburgh Plate Glass purchase colorants. Sears and . Sherwin-Williams manufacture their Own colorants. Of the six to eight major colorant suppliers. Color Corporation of America is the only one to supply lead-free colorants. "Cal-Ink" reportedly plans to offer a lead-free system in the fall of 1969. Spars is currently selling a lead-free system. To our knowledge there are three general types of colorants available which are compilable with both solution and latex type paints. A brief description of each follows; DUP030022936 8* Glycol vehicle - these colorants use propylene Or diethylene glycol as the sole vehicle. They are characterized by good initial compatibility, easy handling; but are relatively poor for uniformity of color development in cross blends; and have very undesirable effects on the theology of latex paints using synthetic thickeners. Examples of these colorants are "Ca l-lnk" and "All Phase". Water reducible vehicle - these colorants use a water reducible vehicle wherein the the dual dispersibility is built into the vehicle composition. Dual compati bility is further aided by the presence of a co-solvent such as a "cellosolve" or glycol. These colorants have good initial compatibility, work well in Cross blends, have only slight effect on rheology, do not materially down grade film properties and are compatible with a broad spectrum of solution vehicle types as required by Industrial Maintenance. The Bennett colorants are of this type. Surfactant Modified - these colorants use a long oil alkyd or limpid oil plus a relatively large physical addition of surfactant to achieve dual compatibility. In latex paints they are very sensitive to interaction with surfactants and thickeners in the paint. In solution paints they down grade film properties. They are relatively hard to handle and tend to cake and settle in color dispersing machines. Our 632 Line and, we believe, those produced by Color Corporation of America are of this type. The adoption of this proposal will improve our competitive position. The Bennett Colorants represent a more advanced composition than our present 632 Line, The mechnaics of their color system in terms of pigment blending procedures is technically sound. The laboratory is not qualified to pass judgement on the quality of the Bennett sales aids, but we do recognize that they offer a wide variety of these items. We understand that our color consultant considers the Bennett color selection better than our own. Also, we know that they have a good "feed back" system to insure a continuous evaluation of the performance of these aids in service. TABULATION OF COMPOSITION: The composition of the white base prototypes of "Lucite" Wall Paint and "Flow Kote" Wall Paint are shown next to the parent quality in Tables 111 and IV. These items currently represent 61% of all Custom Color bases sold. Formulas for the other white bases are under development. DUP030022937 9 TABIE IV Code Description 392-401 "Lucite" Wall Paint Proposed Light Base Proposed Deep Base H-506 W-1012 G-l 111 H-658 H-609 H-657 G-1.2 W-90 W-1011 W-1014 W-129 W-192 H-284 VM-5648 H-454 RC-11008 G-l 117 H-514 H-632 H-372 G-782 Water 320.50 Montmoril Ionite Clay 9.91 Methyl Cellulose 2.83 Polyglycol 3.42 Non-ionic Surfactant 4,24 Anionic Surfactant 4.15 Soya Lecithin 10,24 Calcium Carbonate, Whiting 41.48 Calcined Diatomaceous Silicci 64,22 Calcined Clay Titanium Dioxide 31,43 218.61 Zealex 80 12,30 Ammonia 1.84 Potasium Pentachlorophenol Sol. 12.09 Phenyl Mercury Oleate 3.00 Acrylic Latex 179.61 Hydrocarbon Emulsion 111.34 Ethylene Glycol 41.49 Odorless Mineral Spirits 12.00 Reodorant .30 Defoamer 2.00 TOTAL 1109.00 PVC Vol... So l ids Wt. Solids 44.95 33.97 50.48 349.43 9.64 2.89 3.04 3.75 5.42 9.05 58.60 61.22 29,95 173.65 11.67 2.56 10.66 2.68 174.03 107.84 41.00 11.67 .32 1.93 1071.00 42.77 31.76 46.97 355,64 9.57 3,35 3.38 4.26 6.24 10.39 105.62 70.49 35.24 59.06 -2.04 10.33 3.03 287.25 -- 42.88 11.87 ,31 "2.05 (|) (1) (1) (1) 0) (2) (2) 1023.00 41.10 29.93 42.97 Reasons for Change: (1) The pigmentation is adjusted for tinting strength. (2) G-l 117 cannot be used in the deep base because of its effect on the color of the paint, DUP030022938 TABLE V Code W-l 65 G-nn H-506 H-658 H-657 G-796 W-l Oil H-514 VM-5648 G-12 W-l 002 W-l 29 W-l 004 H-284 RC-11008 G-747 Description 389-431 "Flow Kote" Proposed Wall Paint Light Base D iatamaceous Si lica Methyl Cellulose Water Polyglycol Anionic Surfactant Phenyl Mercury Propionate Calcined Diatomaceous Silica Ethylene Glycol Potassium Pentachlorophenol Sol. Soya Lecithin Aluminum Silicate Titanium Qioxide Calcium Carbonate Ammonia Acrylic Latex Defoamer/G-782 Defoamer 40.51 481.57 2.77 4.29 .26 33; 05 24.51 12.00 10.49 67.35 131.02 111.03 .92 163.05 2,95 ---- 6.59 486.97 2.56 3.90 .28 49.14 22.36 11.06 9.57 144.74 -151:47 98.22 .93 146.30 . 1.91 TOTAL 1093.00 1139.00 -* PVC Vol. Solids Wt. Solids 59.62 27.06 44.21 65.02 27.97 41.95 Proposed Deep Base .MM 7.41 491.41 2.85 4.39 .25 96.65 25.09 0) (2) (2) 12,31 10.77 72.21 36.20 119.61 ,93 164,93 1.99 (2) (2J (2) (3) 1047.00 57.00 25.90 40.75 (1) W-l65 cannot be used in the Custom Color system because of its adverse effect on color. (2) The pigmentation is adjusted for tinting strength. (3) G-782 is the preferred defoamer. DUP030022939 -11 - REPRODUCIBILITY: The Bennett's colorants are controlled to plus or minus two percent for tinting strength. They are also shaded in the same manner as regular paints in order to achieve reproducible hue. Our evaluation of batch to batch variation of the Bennett colorants indicates their controls are very good. Reproducibility of the white base paints has not been established . One hundred gallons of a "Lucite" Light Base prototype and 150 gallons of a "Flow Kote" Light Base prototype have been scaled up* The finished formulas will differ only slightly from the prototypes with respect to Composition and manufacturing procedure except for those changes that may be required to achieve adequate tinting strength uniformity. Formulas for the latex deep bases have been made in the laboratory with no difficulty. We dp not expect any unusual problems in scale up of laboratory batches. CONTINUING LABORATORY WORK: e Formulas for the white base paints are being adjusted for color and tinting strength and reproducibility is being-segtab'iished. * New testing and control procedure are being evaluated . Current procedures have been shown to be inadequate. e A "Lucite" Interior Enamel base is under development. The laboratory will assist Marketing in establishing procedure for over haul or modification of Harbil machines currently in use to conform to the new system. Possible methods for use of obsolete white bases are being investigated. COST INFORMATION: The costs of the Bennett's colorants are listed in Table VI. The costs for Du Pont colorants are listed in Table VII. The costs are on a per quart basis. The relative volume sales of the colorants are also listed in the tables and in both cases the average cost based on relative movement i$ shown. DUP030022940 - 12 TABLE VI Bennett Color Cost per Quart F.O.B. Salt Lake City AA Quinacridone Red B Red Iron Oxide C Phthalo Blue E Black Oxide/Lampblack F Chromium Oxide H Chrome Yellow Medium J Yellow Oxide K Black/Red/Yellow Oxide L Chrome Yellow/Molybdate Orange M Red Oixde N Chrome Yellow Light P Phthalo Green 7.43 1.63 2.11 2.41 2.97 2.51 1.60 1.66 2.92 1,54 2.97 3.53 Average cost per quart based on movement $2.47 % Volume Sales 3.4 . , 3.3 6.0 11.6 10.5 15,5 18.4 11,5 5.9 3.2 5.0 5.7 DUP030022941 Du Pont Color Mill Cost per Quart 1 BON Red .2.00 12 Molybdate Orange 2.81 13 Chrome Yellow/Molybdate Orange 2,81 14 Chrome Yellow Light 2.81 15 Chrome Yel low/Phthalo Green 2.83 16 Phthalo Green 3.10 17 Phthalo Blue 1.92 21 Red Iron Oxide 1.40 22 Yellow Oxide 1.41 23 Yellow Oxide/Phthalo Blue 1.54 24 Yellow Oxide/Phthalo Blue 1.72 25 Phthalo Blue/BON Red/Lampblack 1.82 26 Red Oxide 1.69 27 Lampblack 1.21 % Volume 7.1 1.7 9,3 10.9 7.0 8.2 9,3 7,2 19.1 2.3 1.7 1.0 1.0 14.2 Average cost per quart based on movement (for 14 colorants used in present tube system or with Color Master Machine) $2.04 Movement cost per quart corrected for nine color system (used with Harbil machine) $2.05 Mill cost information on our existing white bases and prototypes of the corresponding bases adjusted for the Bennett system is provided in Table VIII below , DUP030022942 - 14 TABLE VIII Sales Code 191 Flat 192 291 Semi-Gloss 292 391 Gloss 392 " 491 "Flow Kote" 492 2391 "Lucite" 2392 " 632 Line Colorants Prototype Mill Cost Mill Cost 2.73 2,30 -- 2,67 2.28 <* 3.10 2.29 - 2.04 1.69 *1.64 *1.33 2,34 1.96 *1. 97 . *1.54 ' TOTAL 2.04 qt. 2.47 qt. Sales and Transfers Gallons (1) 10,180 3,070 13,250 40,411 18,545 58,956 6,529 5,222 11,751 27,424 7,631 35,055 73,869 21,283 WJ52 214,164 22,365 qt. % Interior C.C, Sale 6.2 27.5 5.5 16.4 44.4 *Cost difference includes savings fromftTtitfeg strength and quality change. (1) For 12 months ending 6/30/68. DUP030022943 - 15 ! In order fro provide further costs comparisons between the two systems four cases are shown below combining both colorant cost and white base cost. For the white bases, it is assumed that the average movement gallon mill cost of the adjusted white bases will be 8$ less than that of the present bases. In Table VIII the cost saving for the 491, 492, 2391 and 2392 bases Is considerably more than the 8$ average. However, in these cases, the difference includes the quality change which is also part of this proposal and Could be made Independently of the color purchases proposal. Case I - An average color in "Lucife" Wall Paint mix using our present system with quality change included and a colorant addition of 3.3 oz . gallon. Case II - As above, except white base is adjusted for tinting sfrength and Bennett colorants used to match strength of 3.3 oz. Du Pont colorant. Case III - Cost averages based on comparison of 10 colors in the Bennett system versus thebest matches available in our system. This comparison is intended to show the cost difference in a case where the customer has the option of buying a particular color mix in our present system and in the proposed system. A present Du Pont system; III-A proposed Bennett system . Case IV - A hypothetical case based on information supplied by Bennetts. They claim that the average amount of colorant sold per gallon of white base is 2.2 oz. (or 17<: worth) per gallon. In this case the adjusted white bases is used.* Case 1 Base Cost Colorant Cost *Total Cost 2.05 21 2.26 Case II 1.97 32 2.29 Case 111 AB 2.05 1.97 19 36 2.24 2.33 Case IV 1.97 17 2.14 *This total cost is referred to as "product cost". DU P030022944 - 16 - In our opinion, the most significant comparison is Case I versus Case II. In this comparison the product cost penalty is 3$ per gallon of mixed color. Assuming an annual sales of 535,000 gallons per year {2.5 time the present rate) the product cost penalty per year will be $16,000 per year. On the present volume basis, the penalty will be $6,300 per year. In this same comparison, it should be noted that the cost penalty on a colorant basis alone is 11< per gallon. This comparison is significant because it illustrates the result of exerising the option of lowering the tinting strength of our white bases but maintaining the same color selection. On the basis of this option the cost penalty would be $59,000 per year at 2.5 times the present volume or $22,000 per year at the present volume. All mill costs are unofficial and provided for guidance only. The cases presented are intended to represent the several patterns that may emerge once the system is in operation. A final analysis can be made only after actual selling! patterns are established. MANUFACTURING PROBLEMS: 1) New test and control procedures for tinting strength and color may be necessary to maintain the quality of the Custom Color system. 2) To date no material representing the white paint bases has been manufactured. Six bases representing three line qualities are in final stages of development. We do not ^expect these bases to act differently than their parent qualities. 3) There is no alternate source of supply for the Bennett's Colorants. However, Du Pont of Canada is licensed to produce Bennett's Colorants. NEW OR UNUSUAL TOXICITY HAZARDS: There are no known unusual toxicity hazards involved in this proposal. All materials have.feteen classified with respect to handling hazards. Three of the Bennett's Colorants contain lead pigments. Paints using these pigments will require a warning label as required by local ordinance or when the permissible level as defined by U.S.A. Standards Institute 266.1 is exceeded. DUP030022945 - 17 - LABEL INFORMATION: Label analysis will be required for all of the proposed white base paints. The mercury present in these paints is below the .06% level that requires a hazardous warning label. Label directions and cautions should be the same for the parent qualities. Special "stick on" labels will be required in areas where the levels of lead pigments are restricted. Information for calculation of label analyses will be forwarded to Plants Technical when formulas are scaled up. SIMPLIFICATION: Approval of this release will favorably affect simplification. All of the 632 Line Universal Colorants will become obsolete as well as the- current quality Custom Color bases. The obsoleted codes are shown in Table IX below. formulas. There will be ten new mill base formulas and ten new finished product TABLE IX CUSTOM COLOR BLENDING BASES 2391C "Lucite" - Light 2392C "Lucite" - Deep 191C Flat - Light 192C Flat - Deep |91C Semi-G loss - Light 292C Semi-Gloss - Deep 391C Gloss - Light 392C Gloss - Deep 491C "Flow Kote" - Light 492C "Flow Kote" - Deep CODE 392-091 392-092 639-806 639-807 639-779 639-780 639-775 639-776 : 389-134 389-132 DUP030022946 - 18 TABLE IX (CONTINUED) OBSOLETE UNIVERSAL TINTING COLORS CODE 16C Phthalo Medium Green 12C Orange Vermillion 13C Chrome Orange I4C Chrome Yellow Light 15C Bright Chartreuse 17C Phthalo Blue 11C Bright Red Violet 23C OlivS Green 24C Dark Green 25C Dark Blue 21C Venetian Red Oxide 22C Raw Sienna 26C Indian Red 27C Lampblack 632-778 .-774 -775 -776 -777 -779 -773 -783 -784 -785 -788 -782 -786 -787 PATENT INFORMATION; There are no currently known patents which would interfere with the sale of Custom Color paint formulated with colorants purchased from Bennett, these colorants being based on pigments dispersed in a glycol modified soya alkyd resin vehicle. We are not aware whether these commercially available colorants are covered by unexpired patents. These colorartts are being supplied to other prominent paint manufacturers for.use in the same manner as Du Pont intends to use the colorants and based on current knowledge of the colorants, no patent complications are believed to be involved. Any purchase contract with Bennett should in the conventional manner provided for hold harmless with regard to patent infringement . The Du Pont 632 Line colorants to be superseded by the Bennett colorants are formulated according to the teachings of 6 S. P. 2,996,397 (Seeker FFD-1123) assigned to Du Pont, CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION: The information contained in this letter should be considered "For Du Pont Use Only". DUP030022947 - 19 - FORMULA CARDS: Formulas for the white base paints have not been completed. These formulas will not differ significantly from the parent qualities. CONFORMANCE TO AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DIRECTIVE: All white base paints and colorants in this proposal conform to APCD, CTfehfm MARSHALL DEVELOPMENT LABORATORY CHARLES T . RIVENBURGH DUP030022948