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PLAINTIFFS l EXHIBIT ! ACS-27 OCCPPATIPKkL HEALTH H12HRD5 tierj individual Trtio applies for employment with the Atm trong Cork Company, or any ether eowpany for that utter, expects, IT accepted wad given work, to be able to perform the duties assigned hie without iepairing bio health or shortening his life expectancy. Id accepting this individual me an aployee the Company takes os the responsibility of providing thin safe sorting nviroaMRt. It obligates Itself to provide s job free free any condition 'which conceivably eoold affect the employee** health. ljlds fron thin norml obligation of tha employer there is also a legal responsibility to provide safe earking conditions on jobs* federal and aost State lavs are quite apeelfie on this aad lease little room for doubt. Is aa example, hare la the wording of e part of tha Health Code froa one of the atetes 1a which we operetei "111 dust, fuses, vapors, gmsee, fibers, fogs, eists, or other atmospheric ispurltle# that, in connection with any process of manufacture or uae, are created is, emitted into, or disseminated through areas where persons are employed, in such quantities as In tha judgment of the Department would (or Bight) tend to injure tha health of esploywae, shall be resowed by Beans of auction devices at thslr point of origin or by other aaasa acceptable to tha Depart ment. ^hea required by the Department the eaployer a hall have de terminations aade of the kind and asount of the atmospheric imparities from a sample taken under conditions and st a point or points ijw dlestad by tbs Department. This shall be performed by ss analyst qualified for the purpose. *Tbe quantity of any impurities as shown by the determinations shall not be of aa amount considered by the Department to be in jurious to the health of employees" Should an employee'a1 health become Impaired despite the precautions taken to protect him he must be paid compensation in most atatea. Tteesa occupa tional disease eases are frequently both serious and lasting In their affect. Xaeoveiy la often quite alow involving extensive medieal costa and prolonged compensation payments. Our first eontact with the subject of occupational disease should occur during the preliminary or screening interview of eaeb prospective Job applicant. What esa his apeelfie occupation with hie previous employe re and might hie duties hare exposed hie to tome particular material or condition known to be dangerous to human health? Did he ever work for a mining company or in a foundry where he was exposed to allies bearing dusts? Or, psrhana his previous Job.waj with a battery concern or a pigment and paint manufacturer hsre lead fuses and dust were prevalent. All of this may aeem rather remote hit we must not overlook the fact that individuals with an occupational health Impairment due te a previous Job can become reel problem cases to a later employer. Tour friend and mine In preventing the development of a health hazard In the plant is your Plant Chief Chemist. Seek his guidance sod cooperation in G-l O Co *0 M O mMtic certain that hesardous materials which ean affect the employee's health not get unnoticed Into the.plant. Praetieally every material you use haa bees ezperiMBted with asdf tested toy the Plant Chief Chemist before it was finally decided to Inelade it as a part of a Process Specification. It la prealaed that yon are aware that eaeh of these Process Specifications issued toy your Flint Chief Cbeedst been the following statement* "ill flro and haalth hazards eonnaeted with tho operation or operations cot#red by this specification haws bean cheeked and sons is believed to exist except where specifically mentioned." Pever let overlook this statement*. Seep him wall-reminded and always conscious of his responsibility Ir helping you protect the health of plant onployeei. lour Plant Purchasing Department jointly with yoor Plant Chemist ean also bo a real balp to you In preventing hazardous materials getting unnoticed Into the plant. If you have a doubt about sons specific material of ehemieal ask your Purchasing Deperteest to seeurs a statement from tho supplier as to whether or not it prwsenta a haalth hasard and if so what precautions axe neeeoaary in its use. In fact this is standard procedure with some firms and almost a nacaaalty since aoaa materials are sold under brand names with tbelr \ecfanleal terminology wall eoneoaled. If you have a question on a certain raw material you use don't haaltata to request information on its possible hasards froa ths supplier. Other members of your so-called health hasard staff can be your Plant Doetor, the Plant Parse, or even your first Aid Hen. Those individuals may appear on the scene after the eet but nevertheless they een be of help. When an eaployee first shows signs of a health iapelment your Plant Poetor or the Plant Purse will probably be the first person to notlee the condition. Slnco this condition In most cases Is in its early atagaa aiaply removing the Individual froa the exposure will oftentimes effeet an immediate cure. Onee they have recovered, however, be cautious in allowing these individuals to return to their former Job. Often they may have become allergic, especially In dermatitis eases, and quickly become involved again. Their becoming the victim of a haalth impairment should also 'be your cue that something is wrong and a careful investigation is la order. Many of the better firms today put warning labels on ths outelde of the packages of their materials whieh under certain conditions may represent either a fire or a health hasard. Look for these labels, they will help you determine the type of basardous eheitieal contained in tho package, its potential hasards and the precautions necessary In its handling. Their use is sdvoested by the Manufacturing Chemists Association and several States have enaeted legislation requiring then. Quito a number of additional states are planning to pass the same lavs and when this becomes general prsetiee our problem in identifying dangerous materials sill be considerably eased. A further possibility for the correction of a haalth hazard is the substitution of a non-toxic materiel for one that la-toxic. Do not aeceot too "Ilf " statement that thie is impossible. It nay be difficult or even lnprectlcal in sons cases but experience has shown that there ere many formulas where equal quality can be maintained even though substitute chesleals taka the pleee of others. Approach the rrobles by asking what eould be done if it boeeae iapossible to secure a sufficient quantity of the nsterlal believed to 0-2 be dangerous to health. Ton nay often find that a fee questions can unearth ion surprising possibilities is this connection. Perhaps the substitute nay cost a little sore but this -can often be sore than offset wbeo weighed against the coat of exhaust ventilation or ether means of control for tbs dangerous material. llaost all of our operations whieh use a material in a finely-ground state* at aeaa stage In the process combine this dust with a liquid such as sa oil or water. Sometimes this procedure can be turned to advantage in helping to minimise s health hasard or to improve unpleasant working conditions. Tbs dust can be wetted down by the oil or water or converted Into an emulsion in m small area set aside just for this purpose. This small area or room usually can bs exhausted much mors cheaply and affectively than could a large one* Or again* the employee can wear a respirator while preparing this SKilelon for later Inclusion with the bulk batch. It asy be possible to go wren one etep further and weigh off the ewulsion to the axaet amount required for each batch thereby in no way entailing an extra expense for the additional operation. Many plants whieh use lead e^de or other equally basardous materials la. their processes have found a rather unique way of doing the job safely. Prior to eetual usage in the process* the lead oxide Is weighed off* packaged and sealed in a plio-fila bag In an isolated room with all the neeseeary safe guards. This measured quantity in the pliofilm bag is then taken to the recess operation whore It is added to the batches with tbs container still unopened. Slnee tbe plio-fila will readily dissolve under low best it presents no pro blew in the process. Perhaps this procedure may be applicable to eoae particular process in your plant. Part In order as s means of control for a health hasard is tbs exhausting of tbe dusts; vapors or fuses from the work area. Such an installa tion is usually a rather eoatly itse if it la dona properly. While the design and volume of air handled by an exhaust system can generally be left to the judgment of ventilating engineers we should still here an Interest in Its layout. Check the matxnsr In whieh the toxie material is moved away from tbe breathing sona of the esployee. Some very elaborate and expensive exhaust Installations do a very poor job in this respeet. This is primarily because *^*7 aoving the toxie materials from their point of origin past the em ployee *a nose rather than away from his breathing sons. Where such a con dition prevails good money has been spent with littlw or nothing gained. In a poorly designed exhaust system there is also the problem of two r fans having a battle between theaselvwa. This may sound a bit ridiculous a very important feetor wherever several fans are in operation, for exsapls, a fan in the South wall and another in the Korth well pull in opposite directions. Zn almost every instance* midway between these two fans tberw is a sons of conflict whwrw the air is practically dead and not moving in any particular direction. Several years ago in one of our plants ws found an excellent illustration of such a condition. If one fan was shut down and the other left running the shut-down fan immediately started idling in a backward direction indicating an inward sir movement. When a test was made of tbe advent vapors in the room with both fans running* at the midway point we found sa oxtreeely high concentration. As a result of tnese tests both fans were put in the same wall and an almost miraculous Improvement vss noted in the resoval of the vapors. ZCD'Pjf A final point is connection with exhaust cystoma has to do with their maintonanee and operation. Too often it la found that ventilation isatallatlon haa toeem amde and then completely forgotten. Any Installation of this nature must be given attention if efficiency 1s sxpeeted. There is always the possibility of list, dust, paint or condensate building up and eloggii^ the duet wort. Also, if the fen is discharging into e dust collector the screens may fill up end erwate baek pressure if they are met rspped down rwgulsrly. Tbs fan driving belts may also stretch resulting in excess shippags and a loss is air movsesst. Many things of this nature can happen and their prevention hinges on a regular thorough inspection program. Just this year in one of our plants, a condition was obe erred vhieh illustrated very well the neat point. This has to do with the actions of the employes himself. Is this particular Instance the employee was dumpl&g begs of mood pulp Into a hopper of e nearby machine. This fellow happeosd to be Just tbs reverse of a neat orderly worker. He threw the begs onto the hopper, dumped them too fast for its cspaclty and finished off by giving the eepty beg s flip throwing a cloud of dust Into the air. His machine was covered with dust sad tbs man hlmeelf could have been mistaken for e pile of wood flour. This employee was overdue for s refresber course in Job 'training. Kith Just a reasonable amount of cars he could have almost entirely eliminated the dust from this Job. The item of possible controls for health hasardm has purposely bean sept for the very last. This is beesuse it should be your final resort when so other mesne of correction is possible. This means the use of dust respirator*. They bave a place In the control of occupational disease but lct*m rweomeend their use only as a last resort. If you do make such a recommendation, make ecrtala the employee is given a real factual reason for their use when you ask him to tear one. There ie at this time end probably will coatinoe to be certain materials used, handled or processed in Company plants which present potential health hasards. Perhaps e brief explanation of eoae of them and the controls necessary for their safe use will be of interest. One of the health hasarde somewhat general to our Coupany plants Is from those materials which contain silica. This is rather as extensive list; Asbestos, Bssytea, Clay*, Dicalite, feldspar. Grog, Kaolin, Limestone, Magnesia, Soaestone, Slate Flour, Sand, Serpentine, Toionite, Talc and many of the pigments. The eleye and slate flours probably being among the highest in allies content and most generally used. The effeet of allies eu the human body la somewhat insidious in that it is a slow accumulative process Involving anywhere free a ten to twenty year exposure before the enp}oyoe may develop a sillestic condition In his lungs. Medical authorities stats that this oeeur* in three progressive stages* first Stage* The dieeese et this stage pro'dueea no disability and dose no appreciable horn. The affected can car. carry on hia activities as well as ever and if receved from the exposure *111 shoe no further developaent. Seeend Stage: Rcsriratlrr. la affected. The vietie may b* bothered by lator-i ireathlr.r. Tkird Stage t This stage m; develop fro* the eecor.d weer. If the victim has been removed fro* the eausitive dusty atmosphere* Labored breathing becomes severe and the man Is particularly siseeptlble to tuberculosis followed by complete disability aod eventually death.- Silicosis *eas be detected by eeans of ehest x-rays Bower, the x-ny alone should not be the sole determining fsetor in diagnosing silicosis. It vust be related to the nan's occupational and nedieal history before any definite conclusion is reached. Bran this is wubjeet to error at tines although this can be nlninlsed somewhat by having suspected files cheeked bj a nedieel specialist with considerable experience In silicosis diagnosis* The aost ideal control neasurv for s silics containing notarial is * of'Course -to purchase It in bulk fore in earload lota, fro* the car it can be conveyed by vseaua to elevated elosed tanks and then fed by gravity in cloned piping to the proeeaa where it is used. does of our rsw materials do not lend thenselvea to this sort of an arrangement because of the saall quantity used or the cost factor. It is then necessary to buy the material in peekaged form and hand feed it into the processes. This manner of handling invariably generates considerable dust which oust be controlled in order to protect employees. The usual method of doing this is by the installation of an exhaust eye tea with pick-up inlets at each point where the hazardous material is handled. Tour eoapeny has apsnt several hundred thousand dollars during the past fifteen years for Installations of this nature. One of these silica bearing asterisle* asbestos, alee presents' another potential health hazard namely--asbestos la * Its effect on the human lung is sot too different from that of silics and eventually it will probably lose lta identity as m distinct pulmonary affliction and be included under the heading of sllleoala. It is diagnosed such in the sene manner as silicosis and the corrective measures where a dust condition exists ere parallel to that of silica bearing materials. There, therefore, seems little need to go into further details en the subject of asbestosls. Outside of the oil companies and rerheps the paint esnufaeturere, It is doubtful whether there is any one industry today that usee as many different solvents and in as lsrge a quantity as *e do. leu can nemo almost any solvent and we use in somewhere la one of our Coapany processes. Practically all of these solvents present a potential health hazard la that aost of the* have a destructive afreet on the blood, kidneys, liver, heart, and the nervous system. They are also on* or the leading causes of dermatitis due to their tendency to dissolve the natural protective skin ells and to irritate as ell. Solvents affect the human body primarily due to the inhalation cf their vapors. Since bunar. blood has the affinity of absorbinr solvent vapors some four hur.ired times faster than it will take on oxygen 1* can readily be understeod w:.y even lr* concentrations car. b* dangerewa. because cf this it i usually the hired which is first afTeelM in that the white ar.d red eell erunt is lowered and Its heaorlobir or eoagulatien character chanced radically. This is one of tV first syrrt-'ss which the profession IcrVt for when solvent poisoning is suspected. If this chance in the blood is detected in Its early stages the reaoval of the afflicted employee free the exposure usually effects a quick recovery. Tee solvents* bensol and carbon tetrachloride* have bees found to present a aoseehat greater hasard than Boat of the other*. As a result there has been considerable'agitation on the pert of industrial hygiene euthorltlee to ollmlnato their ose wherever possible. Dae to this eetioa bensol Is used to o Bach Issssr srtent than it as a few years ago. More recently o slaUar campaign was started in regards to ttoo carbon tetrachloride end oeae progreas has already beau Bade. Our Company has gone along elth theee aovee end bensol is practically nonexistent in other than laboratory work. Progress has also been node in reducing the use of the carbon tetraehlorlda by sotaetitnting soae of the newer so-called safety solvents for elsanlng purposes. A solvent exposure eaa be controlled by exhausting the vapors from their point of release directly to the outdoor*. As es aantlonod earlier this should bo done by pulling the vapor* evey free the eeployee rather than past or aeross his breathing sons. Soae benefit can also be attained by keep ing the exposed surfeee of the solvent to its niaiaun requirements and by keeping all container* covered whenever possible. Employees *ho handle or eork with either eolventa or oils ehould be estebed earafully for evidences of dermatitis. This applies particularly to aev oapleyess sines sons persons are mors susceptible than others. Blondes for exanple frequently being more sensitive in this respect than are brunettes. Sons protection can* however, be provided through the use of eno of the hand creams presently on the market. Certain of our Company plants use lead oxide while others us a litharge in one or no re of their proceseea. be also use a considerable quantity of plgaents soae of which contain lead. While the leed content of these pigaente is quite low, they do nevertheless present e possible exposure. Dp to this tine* to the best of our knowledge* we have not bed a ease of lead poleoning among the *any employees who have handled the pigments, be did* however* have one aild ease in the handling of litharge which was largely brought about by the individual's flagrant disregard of a few simple rules. There ere several manifestations of lead absorption! a. There may be a disturbance of t:;# digestive system in the fere of a lack of appetite* eonstlpetlcn, vague abdominal dlseo^ fort* and in a more advanead casa severe abdanlnel pains b. Pain and stiffneaa in joints* bones and auaeles. e. Ganeral weakness* loss of weight* and pallor. d. loss of strength in the fingers, hands and forearms* and inability to uae then'in a normal manner. e, A so-eallei leed line m the fuse. Every eeployee who hnndlee lead cr lead containing aaterlale ehould be watched carefully fer evidence of these inpalnt-nts. Should you suspect an em- ?** being Involved discuss the ease with your Plant Doctor at once and be guioed by his advi.ee. While the pigments we use do contain lead It is la such e small quantity that ao serious hazard Is presented. There are, however, certain pre cautions mbleb should be takes by the nan who handle then, a* Lunches should not be stored oa the job or eatea without first washing the bands sad lace, b. The wan who weigh or measure off the batch quantities should exercise reasonable care la handling the pigments so as. to avoid stirring up excessive dust, e. If posslbls tbs weighing off of the batch quantities should be done at or near an exhaust system Inlet, Za those locations where lead oxide or litharge la handled the pie -caatiens sut be such sore stringent, a. The weighing off of the batch quantities should either be done outside or directly In froat of an exhaoat ays tea lalat, b, Wherever possible, the qaaatlty neeessary for e shift run should be prepared by ose mas at the beginning or prior to the start of tbe shift so that when he has completed the job be esa immediately wash his heads and faee, Particular attention should be given to the reaoval of deposits under tbe finger nails by tbe use of s hand brush. c Tbe seasured quantity for each batch should be plaeed In s plio-filx beg.so es to permit Its being added to the process without further dlreet contact with the lead. d. A rubberised apron should be worn by the employee so as to alaialse the aeeuvulation of lead on his work clothing. e. The ese of an approved type of respirator should bs manda tory to prsveat the inhalation of the lead dust. f. Coder no condition should the esployee be permitted to eat food while he la weighing off or before he has washed hie bends and.fees. The same previsions apply to ehewlng tobaecu, snuff and smoking. g. Foods, chewing tobacco or candy should not be stored in the work area or carried in the clothing of the workman. h. The dust respirator worn by the eaployee should be dismantled at least weekly end ell parts, other than the filter, thoroughly scrubbed with soap end water. i. Excellent housekeeping should be maintained in the work area. A vacuum systen to clean up the spilled duet is preferable. If not available a sweeping compound or moist sawdust can be used. *e have covered only a very few of tne materials used in Company Plants which present a potential health hazard. There are many core of them perhaps not G-7 2 0 O '? # CO a o general or used in a* great a quantity. Zt it oar Job to know tbeee Materials, satisfy ourselves they mat be used and when there la no other alternative Make are that proper precautions' are in effect for the protection of oeployeas. le aai*t be eartala of this by haring duat eounta and vapor ceneeatratioaa taken at regular intervals Just to be acre that eo are not exceeding the maxima allowable eoneantratioa for aome particular material. The employee too aboald be givaa cheat x-raya, blood eounta and arine analyses ehere Indicated aa a farther precaution and to deteet a possible impairment while still lm its corrective stage. Zea are not alone la this vigil for tbe protection of your plant employees. 'Consult your Plant Chemist or tbe Plant Doctor at any time. Should there be a question on a certain ebaalcal ask its supplier for information or you may vrlte tbe national Safety Council, the Industrial Hygiene Division of tbs 0. S. Publle Health Service, the Travelers Insurance Cospany, our fiesearcb and Development Center, or to tbe Cospany Safety Director. Should yon desire duat eounta or vapor concentration reading! taken on a certain operation, that too ean be arranged. In eoae states year State Publle Health Service mill do it for you free of eharge. Zf you are covered for eeapenaetion insurance by tbe Trevelers, they will be more than glad to make theae testa. Tbs re are, however, eoae locations ehere neither of theae services are available In which event a consulting service mill be necessary. At least find out ehat ean be done * you have a problem of this mature. Armstrong Cork Cospany 10/7/54